上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语一模

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2019-2020学年上海市徐汇中学高三英语一模试卷及答案

2019-2020学年上海市徐汇中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s the time of year when we start hiking. As you pack, remember to bring your smartphone. Whether you’re going on a short walk or a long trip, there are a handful of apps that can help.MapMyHikeThis app tracks where you're hiking so you have a mapof your route at the end of the hike. It can also track other fitness information like the distance traveled, speed, pace, and even calories burned. You can save the data for your hike, so you can always access the route you look as well as track improvements to your workout. GaiaGPSYou don't always have cellphone service when hiking, but you always want to know where you are. The GaiaGPS app provides that information. Download maps of different parts of the world, and access the GaiaGPS app in the middle of even the most remote trails. The GPS function makes using the maps simple, and the app will also point to areas of interest.Backpacking ChecklistOne of the worst things is being way out on a trail only to discover you left behind something important. That's why checklists are the best. This checklist app helps you build a customized(定制的) list of things to take with you. Organize different lists based on trail lengths or requirements. Track all your essential items by weight and where you can find them.WildObsUsing WildObs, you can record your observations of plants and animals and add them to the database. You can ask the community to help you identify something and keep track of everything you've met, and most importantly, you can become a citizen scientist. By recording what you've seen with this app, you're helping scientists keep track of what's happening to the natural world.1. What can you do with MapMyHike?A. Record your walking speed.B. Design a suitable hiking route.C. Locate popular tourist attractions.D. Store the data of your daily activities.2. What is WildObs intended to do?A. To provide survival skills.B. To lead the way.C. To identify wildlife.D. To help make preparations.3. Which app is most useful before hiking?A. GaiaGPS.B. MapMyHike.C. WildObs.D. Backpacking Checklist.BIt is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’ s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’ s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini(西葫芦).My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That ’ s when she decided it was time to share herblessings.She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “ Feel free to take whatever you want,”Sharontold her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.A few days later,Sharonanswered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”Sharoncouldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”Sharonwas confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’ t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables,Sharonsmiled, “ Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”The neighbor looked atSharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”4. Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?A. They might be stolen by thieves.B. They might be moved away by the police.C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.5. What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?A. Tomatoes.B. God’s protection.C.Helpful things.D. Best wishes.6. What did the neighbor do inSharon’s garden?A. She harvested tomatoes only.B. She harvested zucchini by accident.C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.D. She stole something withoutSharon’s permission.7. We can infer from the article that the neighbor’s bread would taste________.A. bitter but tastyB. strange and bitterC. hard and sourD. soft and sweetCWhen I was trying to find a place where to spend my December holidays, I met by chance some cheap flights to Iceland. After checking just a few winter pictures of Iceland, I realized that the country, known as the land of fire and ice, during the cold months of the year could offer me experiences I had never had before.For sure you can’t miss the chance to go to Iceland in winter if your traveling wish list includes at least one of the crazy experiences Iceland can offer. Iceland in the North Atlantic Ocean is a paradise (乐园) for all those who want to see the northern lights, experience cold weather conditions and put themselves in geothermal (地热的) baths while the snow is falling on their head.The best way to move around Iceland is with a rental car. Distances are huge and public transport in winter is not really common out of the major towns. As we wanted to be even more convenient we decided to rent a small camper (野营车). Sleeping and cooking in a camper saved us a lot of driving, money and gave us the chance tobe always in the right place at the right time.There were also no locals and in many cases no tourist facilities (设备). For us, as we slept in a camper, it was easier. But for tourists traveling by normal cars it is necessary to check the opening times ofhotels and restaurants as many of them run just from June to September.It is amazing to experience how the weather is changing in Iceland. However, Icelanders prefer to stay inside their houses. They have even no time to complain about the weather in December. All they care about isChristmas. They love to decorate their houses, sing Christmas songs and eat typical Christmas food.8. Why is Iceland famous as the land of fire and ice?A. Because tourists would like to play with fire on the ice.B. Because it is too dry to easily cause fire to happen.C. Because it is hot inside a house and cold outside.D. Because there exist hot springs and freezing ice.9. What did the author think of the rented camper?A. It was not only practical but also economical.B. It was convenient but cost them more money.C. It provided the best chance to see the new country.D. It was much faster than other public transport.10. What does the last paragraph imply?A. The Icelanders prefer to live with their family.B. The joy of Christmas drives the freezing weather away.C. December is the coldest month of the year.D. The Icelanders are always positive and stay outside.11. What does this passage most probably come from?A. A textbookB. A scientific reportC. A travel magazineD. A news reportDThere is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include responsibilities and unconditional love, whichprecludemothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of sharedcompanionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining(保持) and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may ormay not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse; the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.12. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. differ.B. benefit.C. prevent.D. change.13. What can we learn from what Marina said?A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.D. Her mother is definitely not her best friend.14. Why can a mother and a daughter build a even closer relationship today?A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.B. Because they work together to support the whole family.C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.D. Because they have common experience in life and work.15. What is the text mainly about?A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019.12.19【高三一模】2020届徐汇区高三英语一模

2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Buying a handbag. B. Trying on a piece of clothing.C. Taking a picture.D. Attending a fashion show.2. A. To the library. B. To the school. C. To the cafeteria. D. To the cinema.3. A. Make a budget. B. Buy the painting.C. Decorate the living room.D. Bargain with the art dealer.4. A. She didn’t get the promotion. B. She doesn’t look attractive.C. She is not in good mood.D. She can’t stand foggy days.5. A. The man needs to arrive earlier. B. The woman has to work overtime.C. The woman dislikes air travel.D. The man wants to save money.6. A. He has earned a big fortune. B. He is good at saving.C. He has little money.D. He spends money like water.7. A. He didn’t attend the ceremony. B. He took a lot of precious pictures.C. He forgot to take his cell phone.D. His recorded the ceremony with his camera.8. A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet. B. Encourage his staff to work harder.C. Ask for a progress report on the project.D. Hold a conversation with his employees.9. A. He doesn’t need a vacation. B. The company is short of hands.C. He is afraid of losing the job.D. The boss told him to take a chance.10. A. No seats are available now. B. It’s not the right time to enter.C. It’s too dark for him to find the seat.D. She can’t get in until the interview ends.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. More cheerful. B. Less stressed. C. More resolute. D. Less attractive.12. A. To find out how clothes can affect people’s feelings.B. To show how scientists pay more attention to details.C. To prove people make fewer mistakes in lab coats.D. To test the effect of clothes on people’s attention.13. A. Body movements change the way people think.B. How people dress can change their appearance.C. What people wear can affect their performance.D. People doing different jobs wear different clothes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Experts who specialize in preventing natural disasters.B. People trained to respond to medical emergencies.C. Super heroes devoted to defending the earth.D. Doctors and nurses who provide medical services.15. A. Decent and promising. B. Busy but secure.C. Tough and stressful.D. Demanding but well-paid.16. A. Passing a physical training program. B. Getting a certificate in CPR (心肺复苏术).C. Possessing a medical school diploma.D. Keeping calm in any situation.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.18. A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Cycling.19. A. Launch a new promotion campaign. B. Carry out another survey.C. Increase the production of athletic shoes.D. Hold more athletic competitions.20. A. Make products more appealing. B. Follow the trend.C. Focus on fitness business.D. Target older customers.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Once upon a time ...Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers. At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure —a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. (21) _________(inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations (22) ________(come).The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection (23)________(translate) into more than 160 languages up to now. The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media: theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and fashion.Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the collection (24)________(sell) few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even aimed at children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales (25) __________. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time (26)__________ Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. The new rulers restricted local culture. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.(27)_______ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales, Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.Yet (28)_______ all Wilhelm’s additions, the most important part of these stories was left untouched. The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories’ bad guys are too much for some parents.So what accounts for their popularity Some have suggested that it is (29)_______ the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their origin. Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries(界限) of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (30)_______ moods or interests we bring to our reading of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water,beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the_____31_____ health risksthey pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely _____32_____ across all 10 lakesand rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame,which was _____33_____ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remoteplaces such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre werefound.Microplastics are not a _____34_____ kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plasticthat is less than 5 mm in length according to the . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.They may _____35_____ from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrialprocesses.Humans are known to _____36_____ the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possiblehealth effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has foundthat microplastics can _____37_____ harmful microbes (微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 piecesof microplastic collected from local beaches. They included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound _____38_____ in humans.“Microplastics are being found _____39_____ everywhere but we do not know the harm they couldbe doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It’s no use lookingback in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’ We need to bemonitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, how we can be reducing our_____40_____ on plastic.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 2008, the average labour-force participation rate of 55- to 64-year-olds in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries has risen by eight percentage points.A new OECD report, “Working Better with Age”, points out that the employment of older workers is _____41_____, if prosperity is to be maintained. That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally _____42_____ the value of its older employees.Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours. No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently. But work can keep the mind active and gives people a _____43_____ in life. The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but _____44_____ is sure to come. Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal. _____45_____, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness.Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require _____46_____, rather than manual, labour. Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to _____47_____. That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age. _____48_____, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years. In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work-related pensions to supplement it.However, companies are gradually _____49_____ pensions linked to final salaries with “defined contribution” schemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be _____50_____. The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates. Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children), making their difficulties even more _____51_____. They need to keep working.Older workers may feel _____52_____ , particularly when it comes to promotion. Two issues seem to hold _____53_____ back. The first is that older workers tend to _____54_____ higher salaries, because of the seniority system. The second is a _____55_____ of skills；one in three 55- to 65-year-olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests. Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over-55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes.41. A. shortsighted B. vital C. adequate D. unnecessary42. A. recognizing B. assessing C. questioning D. transforming43. A. frame B. choice C. lesson D. purpose44. A. liberty B. boredom C. priority D. motivation45. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Furthermore46. A. mental B. simple C. physical D. routine47. A. proceed B. continue C. persist D. quit48. A. In conclusion B. In other words C. In practice D. In particular49. A. replacing B. furnishing C. increasing D. combining50. A. registered B. reinvested C. refunded D. removed51. A. personal B. severe C. emotional D. practical52. A. competitive B. dominant C. distinguished D. disadvantaged53. A. employers B. researchers C. employees D. female workers54. A. command B. ensure C. oppose D. ignore55. A. range B. discipline C. shortage D. setSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma!would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.But the success of Oklahoma!didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.”Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)During their conv ersation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.”Graham responded by saying,“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translate d through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.”56. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named RodeoA. It earned her a large fortune.B. It made her rise to fame overnight.C. It didn’t enjoy much success.D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.57. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!A. Relieved.B. Ashamed.C. Confused.D. Proud.58. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham ___________.A. was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB. enjoyed the same popularity as themC. had been influenced greatly by themD. was the most influential artist in her field59. Which of the following statements best represents Graham’s words in this passageA. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.60. Compared to traditional houses, container houses are _________.A. easier to maintainB. less expensive to buildC. more comfortable to live inD. more fashionable in style61. What can be learned about Amsterdam’s Keetwonen complexA. It is the first container city in the world.B. It’s equipped with modern facilities.C. It features a luxury and unique style.D. It includes living space and car parks.62. Which of the following is the best title for the posterA. Recycled material for Ideal HomeB. Shipping Container Home ChallengesC. Home in a Steel BoxD. Housing Options and Solutions(C)O n August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm’s path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modern vehicles, Mr. Musk’s products are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.M r. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable.In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.Start with ownership. As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear. When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.Virtual business models will jar in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version (测试版) of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on.Data will be another flashpoint. For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意) that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical. In the real one, they will feel more urgent.Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard —especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry-eyed optimism. These days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.63. From the passage we can tell that Tesla can ____________.A. drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB. adjust the range of its battery powerC. charge the battery at the tap of a keyboardD. operate when the battery is fully drained64. Which of the following is NOT an example of the “unresolved arguments” mentioned in the passageA. Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest.B. The insurance comp any uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers’ premiums(保费).C. Computerized machinery can’t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance.D. A high-tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves.65. The underlined word jar probably means _____________ in this context.A. boomB. conflictC. vanishD. expand66. This passage is mainly about ______________.A. how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB. the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC. what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devicesD. different views on the current application of Internet TechnologySection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to successin the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) _____________ It is of course possible to scan people’s brains and see which par ts are firingwhen an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannotbe identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativityfrom your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is nottrue. (68) _____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simplyisn’t true: creat ivity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a realityare the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important thatschools do not prevent creativity. (69) ________________ Students should be taught to ask questionsand investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunitiesfor learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this isthe most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university,and got a job. That was it. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university —and there aren’t thejobs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) ________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart,and channel it to face the challenges of the future.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pasture(牧场) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven’t had a chance to evolve, often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable . microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙。

2019年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷

2019年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．At a special party．B．At a hair﹣dressing salon．C．At a night club．D．At a fashion show．2．（1分）A．Finland．B．Egypt．C．Mexico．D．Zambia．3．（1分）A．Camping．B．Travelling．C．Sporting．D．Shopping．4．（1分）A．She is also a fan of Argentina．B．She is also working very hard．C．She loves American football so much．D．She works for the World Cup．5．（1分）A．She threw something at a truck．B．She threw herself out of window and broke her leg．C．She moved a truck to save a little boy．D．She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid．6．（1分）A．They planned to go skiing in the rain．B．They just want to grab the chance．C．They will probably change their mind．D．They'll go skiing even in the rain．7．（1分）A．Lisa likes the messy situation．B．Lisa made the mess．C．He and Lisa are settling a problem．D．Lisa likes the new place．8．（1分）A．The lady should stop being patient．B．He can't understand the lady's feeling．C．The lady should not blame others．D．Nobody may be interested in her problem．9．（1分）A．Certain gift from Hawaii．B．A grand wedding party．C．Two plane tickets to Hawaii．D．A picture of the moon．10．（1分）A．They went to see a movie．B．The dancers impressed them both．C．The woman is also a dancer．D．The man invited the lady to the show．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear several longer conversation（s）and short passage（s），and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation（s）and the passage（s）. The conversation（s）and the passage（s）will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Aircraft design．B．Mathematics．C．Engineering．D．Science．（2）A．40．B．14．C．4．D．0．（3）A．She stuck to studying engineering at college．B．She addressed to students at high schools and colleges．C．She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work．D．She researched defense systems of satellites and rockets．12．（4.5分）（1）A．The South Atlantic Ocean．B．The coast of South America．C．African continent．D．The coast of Angola．（2）A．He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals．B．He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals on the coast．C．He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa．D．He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum．（3）A．Because the remains were exposed on the coast．B．Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place．C．Because these animals were driven to one place and killed．D．Because these animals were all eaten by one large，fierce ancient sea animal．13．（6分）（1）A．A saving account in a single name．B．A saving account in joint names．C．A checking account in a single name．D．A checking account in joint names．（2）A．4．B．3C．2D．1（3）A．The lady and her brothers or sisters．B．The lady's parents．C．The lady and her father．D．The lady and her mother．（4）A．Identification paper，photograph， a letter of introduction and some money．B．Identification paper，some clarifications，a letter of introduction and some money．C．A letter of introduction，photographs，a check book and some money．D．Driving license，identification paper，photos，and a letter of introduction．II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）The Battle of Chancellorsville，one of the most famous battles of the Civil War，took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863．For months，the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river．The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps （1）（honored）military tactician（战略家）in American history，General Robert E．Lee．The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by "Fighting" Joe Hooker．In appearance，personality，and lifestyle，these men were nearly perfect opposites．Lee，an older man in poor health with a gray beard，had a solemn，measured character．Hooker was a blond，broad﹣shouldered young man （2）pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self﹣centeredness．Whereas Lee was loyal and principled，Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey．Despite the fact that the Confederacy （3）（win）the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving，（4）（exhaust），and demoralized，Hooker proclaimed，"My plans are perfect．And when I start to carry them out，（5）God have mercy on Bobby Lee，for I shall have none．" Why was Hooker so confident？Hooker had used spies，analysts，and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee's army．He had already been aware，for example，（6）Lee had only 61，000men to Hooker's own 134，000．Supported by his superior numbers，Hooker secretly moved 70，000of his men fifteen miles up and across the river，and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves （7）Lee's army．In effect，Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind．They were trapped．Satisfied with his advantage，Hooker became convinced that Lee's only option was to retreat to Richmond，thus （8）（assure）a Union victory．Yet Lee，despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position，did not retreat．Instead，he moved his troops into position to attack．Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive （9）（dismiss）as cowards．Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but （10）（retreat），Hooker began to ignore reality．When Lee's army attacked the Union soldiers at 5：00 p．m．，they were eating supper，completely unprepared for battle．They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee's troops came shrieking out of the brush，bayonets drawn．Against all odds，Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville，and Hooker's forces withdrew in defeat．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）A．inadequate B．repeatedly C．process D．achieve E．directed F．reactions G．raising H．eliminate I．characterized J．immediate K．mechanism The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature，especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity．Heat （1）usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise．When the body becomes overheated and cannot （2）this overheatedness，heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible．Heat exhaustion is generally （3）by sweaty skin，tiredness，sickness，dizziness，plentiful sweating，and sometimes fainting，resulting from a（n）（4）intake of water and the loss of fluids．First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down，（5）the feet 8 to 12 inches，applying cool，wet cloths to the skin，and giving the victim sips of salt water （1teaspoon per glass，half a glass every 15 minutes）over a 1﹣hour period．Heat stroke is much more serious；it is a（n）（6）life﹣threatening situation．The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature （which may reach 106° F or more）； a rapid pulse；hot，dry skin；and a blocked sweating （7）．Victims of this condition may be unconscious，and first﹣aid measures should be （8）at quickly cooling the body．The victim should be placed in a tub of coldwater or （9）sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered．Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling （10）．Care should be taken，however，not to over﹣chill the victim once the temperature is below 102°F．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）For centuries，time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials．Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky，and cities would set their clock by this apparent （1）time，even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time．Daylight Saving Time （DST），sometimes called summer time，was （2）to make better use of daylight．Thus，clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to （3）daylight．Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it （4）in his essay，"An Economical Project．" It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour．Always the （5），Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight，as candles were expensive at the time．In England，builder William Willett （1857﹣1915）became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds（百叶窗）of many houses were （6）on an early sunny morning．Willet believed everyone，including himself，would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings．In 1909，Sir Robert Pearce （7） a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory（义务）to （8）the clocks．A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition，mostly from farmers．（9），in 1925，it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October．The U．S．Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and （10）and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent．This act also devised（制定）five time （11）throughout the United States：Eastern，Central，Mountain，Pacific，and Alaska．The first time zone was set on "the mean astronomical time of the seventy﹣fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich" （England）．In 1919，this act was abandoned．President Roosevelt established year﹣round Daylight Saving Time （also called War Time）from 1942﹣1945．However，after this period，each state （12）its own DST，which proved to be （13）to television and radio broadcasting and transportation．In 1966，President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act．As a result，the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws．During the oil embargo（禁运）and energy crisis of the 1970s，President Richard Nixon （14）DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further．This law was （15）in 1986，and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April （to spring ahead）and end on the last Sunday in October （to fall back）．（1）A．popular B．solar C．particular D．singular（2）A．employed B．evaluated C．distributed D．contributed （3）A．fruitful B．full C．beautiful D．normal（4）A．negatively B．alternatively C．extensively D．aggressively （5）A．journalist B．physicist C．chemist D．economist （6）A．closed B．opened C．fixed D．installed（7）A．introduced B．restricted C．donated D．deleted（8）A．stop B．adjust C．wind D．mend（9）A．Permanently B．Eventually C．Unfortunately D．Theoretically （10）A．reserve B．persevere C．preserve D．observe（11）A．places B．districts C．zones D．territories （12）A．interrupted B．tempted C．imported D．adopted（13）A．pleasing B．confusing C．convincing D．comforting （14）A．extended B．afforded C．abandoned D．defended（15）A．assembled B．combined C．abused D．modified Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved（运转）around Eris，a concept by which they defined the universe．They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites．If there was good，then there was evil；if there was love，then there was hatred；joy，then sorrow；war，then peace；and so on．The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose．It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature．Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men's lives．Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled，it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem，letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person，but his family as well．The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess：Eris，the Goddess of Discord，better known as Trouble．One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis．Zeus，the supreme ruler，learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father．Not wanting to father his own ruin，Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human，a mortal（凡人）whose child could never challenge the gods．He promises her，among other things，the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please．This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today．They do invite everyone…except Eris，the Goddess of Discord．In other words，instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage，they turn their backs on them．They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic．In her fury（狂怒），Eris arrives，ruins the wedding，causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple，and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War．The war would take place 20 years in the future，but it would result in the death of the only child of the brideand groom，Achilles．Eris would destroy the parents' hopes for their future，leaving the couple with no legal heirs （继承人）to the throne．Hence，when we are told，"If you don't invite trouble，trouble comes，" it means that if we don't deal with our problems，our problems will deal with us…with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths，for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us．（1）Bad Eris is defined in the passage asA．the violent conditions of life．B．the problems man encounters．C．the evil goddess who has a golden apple．D．the murderer of generations．（2）Zeus married Thetis off becauseA．he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind．B．he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her．C．he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her．D．he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future．（3）Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus becauseA．he knew that the child could not climb Mt．Olympus and manage to kill a god．B．he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years．C．he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was，he couldn't overthrow an immortal god．D．he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else．（4）What does the myth in the passage want to tell us？A．Do not consider a mixed marriage．B．Do not anger the gods．C．Do not ignore the problems that arise in life．D．Do not take myths seriously．18．（6分）The National Storytelling Youth Olympics is an event where thousands of kids from grades 6 to 12 compete against each other by telling stories．It is sponsored by the Master'sDegree Program in Reading and Storytelling at East Tennessee State University．The sole purpose of this event is to promote and encourage both the art and science of storytelling among middle school and high school students．Although this event is competitive，its underlying intent and goal is to provide students across the nation with a reason to practice numerous noncompetitive skills．Those skills include skillful sportsmanship ，responsible behavior，and an attitude of respect for others and the storytelling genre．The eventual goal of the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is to encourage every classroom in America to discover （or rediscover）the beauty of storytelling and story performance．The National Storytelling Youth Olympics takes place usually around the first weekend in March．Students from all over the country arrive by bus，plane，or automobile in Johnson City，Tennessee．They usually arrive on Thursday or Friday．Those that arrive on Thursday take advantage of their early arrival by telling stories at local schools．On Friday，an evening meal is prepared for all contestants，coaches，and parents．Games are played，stories are told，and lifetime friendships begin．Saturday is the day of the big event．A luncheon（午餐会）is held in the afternoon so contestants can familiarize themselves with the surroundings and do a sound check．The event is divided into three categories separated by grades．Contestants are judged not only by their storytelling performance，but also by the attitude and behavior they display during the entire weekend．A winner is picked from each of the three categories；however，there is an overall winner who is granted the name of Grand Torch Bearer．This person is selected not only by the judges，but also by the contestants．After the winners have been announced，the contestants retreat back to their hotel where a celebratory ice cream party is held；and believe it or not，they tell more stories! This is what the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is all about：developing a love for the art of storytelling．（1）Which of the following sets of words best describes the Grand Torch Bearer？A．competitive，ambitious，talentedB．respectful，responsible，skilledC．athletic，determined，creativeD．imaginative，individualistic，pessimistic（2）Why would someone MOST LIKEL Y choose to attend the National Storytelling Youth Olympics？A．To refine storytelling skills while meeting new friends．B．To compete fiercely with the best storytellers in the country．C．To earn money and fame．D．To develop one's personal skill in lecture only．（3）When is dinner prepared for all contestants，coaches，and parents？A．Wednesday．B．Friday．C．Thursday．D．Saturday．19．（8分）Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose，process，nature and ideals of education．It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education．Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills，and the imparting of knowledge，judgment and wisdom，and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of．Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field，too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful．But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis，and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia．Plato is the earliest important educational thinker，and education is an essential element in "The Republic" （his most important work on philosophy and political theory，written around 360 B．C．）．In it，he advocates some rather extreme methods：removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state，and differentiating children suitable to the various castes（社会等级），the highest receiving the most education，so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able．He believed that education should be holistic（全面的），including facts，skills，physical discipline，music and art．Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes，although his proposed system of selective publiceducation for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model．Aristotle considered human nature，habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education，the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens．He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically，and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits，unlike Socrates' emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas．He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught，among which he clearly mentions reading，writing，mathematics，music，physical education，literature，history，and a wide range of sciences，as well as play，which he also considered important．During the period of Middle Age，the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St．Thomas Aquinas in his work "De Magistro"．Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere，namely principles and reasoning，not just facts （which are apt to change over time），and that one should teach first about people，not machines or techniques．It was originally religious in nature，and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed．During the Renaissance（文艺复兴），the French doubter Michel de Montaigne （1533 ﹣1592）was one of the first to critically look at education．Unusually for his time，Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period，calling into question the whole structure of the educational system，and the assumption that university﹣educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers，for example．（1）Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field'？A．It is the practical applications of the real world．B．Its theoretical concepts are easily understood．C．It is irrelevant for education．D．It is not practically applicable．（2）What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle？A．Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students；Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned．B．Aristotle felt the need for rote﹣learning；Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning．C．There was no difference．D．Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature；Socrates emphasized upon science．（3）According to the passage，the underlined word "Perennialism" most probably refers to somethingA．that is unnecessary．B．that is of ceaseless importance．C．that is abstract and theoretical．D．that exists no more．（4）Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts？A．Facts are not important．B．Facts do not lead to holistic education．C．Facts change with the changing times．D．Facts are frozen in time．Section C Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）A．These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing．B．The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention．C．It is a formal skill，which requires precision and accuracy，and is perfected by continuous and dedicated practice．D．If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions，one had better not write at all!E．It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing，even long after his/her college graduation．F．It is a time﹣consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance．The art of academic writing is not easy to master．（1Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument，which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time．（2）But the joy of reading and sharing with others，one's succinctly composed piece of argument，is incomparable．Before beginning to write，the writer must ask himself a few questions ﹣Why am I writing？What is it that I intend to share with others？What purpose will my writing serve？Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write？（3）Because academic writing is a serious activity ﹣it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well﹣argued pieces of writing．The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of ﹣Introduction （which should be around ten percent of the entire essay），Body （it should constitute eighty percent of the piece）and the Conclusion （again，ten per cent of the essay）．（4）The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re﹣state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece．IV. Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to bea technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout theworld．Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA）have invented new technology to make space flights doable．The same technology，when applied on Earth，has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives．Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine．NASA﹣inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases．For instance，computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages．Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening．Ultrasound scanners，portable x﹣ray devices，and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology．Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology．Space technology has been applied to sports too．The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion．These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot．In golf，athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate．In swimming，athletes can swim faster because of NASA﹣developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits．Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work．Transportation，methods of preparing food，and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）遇到突发危险时，人会茫然不知所措，这是很正常的．（which）23．（4分）一个人究竟怎样才能完成这样一个伟大的工程呢？（How）24．（4分）在此之前，他从未和那位主编讨论过自己的新书．（Not）25．（4分）情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习．（adapt）VI. Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．学校将组织一次"我心目中的英雄"主题班会活动，请你以Heroes in My Heart为题，写一篇演讲稿．基本要求如下：•你心目中英雄的标准；•你心目中英雄的事迹简介（请举1﹣2例）；•从这些英雄事迹中，你学到了些什么？。

2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语一模试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFind Your Chicago Architecture TourChicago is known around the world for its architecture. Whether you tour downtown or a neighborhood, our guides will tell you the stories behind the buildings.Must-see ChicagoMust-see Chicago is a fast-paced, 90-minute tour to Chicago featuring(以…为特色) some of its most famous buildings, including the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower and more! Get a brief overview of more than a dozen buildings—as well as Chicago landmarks like Millennium Park, the Loop and the Chicago River.Duration: 1.5 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersArchitecture HighlightsDiscover the exciting diversity(多样性) of Chicago architecture, which traces the city’s development from its founding through present day. We cover about 30 miles of Chicago design, passing through the Loop and the Gold Coast, as well as Hyde Park and other areas of the South Side. We’ll see two university campuses and several parks.Duration: 3.5 hoursPrice: $ 55 public, free for CAC membersHistoric Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeLearn about the great architectural landmarks of Michigan Avenue and State Street, with views inside beautiful buildings from the 1890s〜1930s. The most memorable parts include the amazing interiors(内部) of the Palmer House Hotel and the Chicago Cultural Center.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersElevated Architecture: Downtown “L” TrainExplore Chicago’s amazing architecture from the unique view of elevated trains and station platforms. Learn the history behind the famous “L” system and hear how it has shaped the development of buildings within theLoop. The city’s first elevated train started making trips in 1892. Now considered one of Chicago’s most wonderful features, the “L” offers impressive views of downtown.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC members1.Which tour can you choose if you want to see Millennium Park?A.Must-see Chicago.B.Historic Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeC.Architecture Highlights.D.Elevated Architecture：Downtown “L” Train.2.When visiting Architecture Highlights, a couple should pay ______.A.$55B.$ 110C.$ 165D.$ 2203.What can you see on the third tour?A.The Chicago River.B.The Gold Coast.C.The elevated trains.D.The Palmer House Hotel.BIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).4. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.5. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.6. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.7. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.CA North Atlantic right whale calf(幼崽) was discovered dead on the beach of an island off North Carolina. The male newborn was found on North Core Banks, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The reports indicate that the animal died during birth or shortly after, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Scientists took DNA to determine the calf’s mother.This is the beginning of the right whale’s reproduction(繁殖) season, which begins mid-November and runs through mid-April. NOAA called this death a disastrous start to the season. Each new right whale calf brings somuch hope for this badly endangered animals, and losses like this have a great impact on their recovery, NOAA said.The right whale is one of the rarest marine mammals(哺乳动物) in the world, according to NOAA. They will soon be extinct unless something is done to save it, researchers warn. This kind of whale has been experiencing an Unusual Death Event over the past three years, according to NOAA. Since 2017, at least 32 dead and 13 seriously wounded whales have been documented by the organization. “This means more than 10 percent of the remaining population,” according to NOAA.NOAA posted a piece of news on Monday, the same day they announced the calf’s death, warning boaters to be watchful as the whales are migrating(迁徙) nearly 1,000 miles along the Atlantic Coast. The organization calls for boaters to be watchful, slow down and to give these endangered whales plenty of room. They also ask all fishermen to remove their unused nets from the ocean to help avoid possibledamage.8. Why did scientists take DNA of the calf?A. To save its mother.B. To confirm its identity.C. To determine the time of its death.D. To uncover the cause of its death.9. How many right whales are left according to the passage?A. About 40.B. About 50.C. About 400.D. About 500.10. What do we know aboutNorth Atlanticright whales?A. Their reproduction season usually last about half a year.B. They are the rarest marine mammals in the world.C. They are experiencing a high death rate of newborns.D. Their habitat runs nearly 1,000 miles along the coast.11. What’s the main purpose of the news posted on Monday?A. To announce the calf’s unusual death.B. To remind boaters to watch the whales.C. To protect the boats against the whales.D. To assist the whales’ seasonal migration.DWhen a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night, I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up inthe middle of the night with a drymouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.12. What made the author wake up at 2:30am?A. My dog's barkingB. The medicine's effectC. A burning fireD. A noise downstairs13. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs?A. He turned on a light downstairs.B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.14. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof?A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.B. He started screaming for help.C. He jumped off the roof.D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen15. Which ofthe following best describe the author?A. Courageous and responsibleB. Caring and selfishC. Loyal and braveD. Strong and considerate第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019届徐汇区高三数学及英语一模试题及答案

2018学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三数学试卷一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1~6题每题4分，第7~12题每题5分） 1. 若复数z 满足12i z i ⋅=+，其中i 是虚数单位，则z 的实部为____________． 2.已知全集U =R ，集合{}2,,0A y y x x x -==∈≠R ，则UA =____________．3.若实数,x y 满足1xy =，则222x y +的最小值为____________．4.若数列{}n a 的通项公式为()*2111n na n n n=∈+N ，则lim n n a →∞=____________．5.已知双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的一条渐近线方程是2y x =，它的一个焦点与抛物线220y x =的焦点相同，则此双曲线的方程是____________．6.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，直线l 经过坐标原点，()3,1n =是l 的一个法向量．已知数列{}n a 满足：对任意的正整数n ，点()1,n n a a +均在l 上，若26a =，则3a 的值为____________．7.已知()2*12nx n x ⎛⎫-∈ ⎪⎝⎭N 的展开式中各项的二项式系数之和为128，则其展开式中含1x 项的系数是____________．（结果用数值表示）8.上海某高中2018届高三（1）班选考物理学业水平等级考的学生中，有5人取得A+成绩，其他人的成绩至少是B 级及以上，平均分是64分，这个班级选考物理学业水平等级考的人数至少为____________人． 9.已知函数()f x 是以2为周期的偶函数，当01x ≤≤时，()()lg 1f x x =+，令函数()()[]()1,2g x f x x =∈，则()g x 的反函数为____________．10.已知函数sin y x =的定义域是[],a b ，值域是11,2⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦，则b a -的最大值是____________．11.已知λ∈R ，函数()24,43,x x f x x x x λλ-≥⎧=⎨-+<⎩，若函数()f x 恰有2个零点，则λ的取值范围是____________．12.已知圆()22:11M x y +-=，圆()22:11N x y ++=，直线1l 、2l 分别过圆心M 、N ，且1l 与圆M 相交于,A B 两点，2l 与圆N 相交于,C D 两点，点P 是椭圆22194x y +=上任意一点，则PA PB PC PD ⋅+⋅的最小值为____________．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分） 13. 设θ∈R ，则“6πθ=”是“1sin 2θ=”的（）A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件14.魏晋时期数学家刘徽在他的著作《九章算术注》中，称一个正方体内两个互相垂直的内切圆柱所围成的几何体为“牟合方盖”．刘徽通过计算得知正方体的内切球的体积与“牟合方盖”的体积之比应为:4π，若正方体的棱长为2，则“牟合方盖”的体积为（）A.16B. C.163D.128315.对于函数()y f x =，如果其图像上的任意一点都在平面区域()()(){},0x y y x y x +-≤内，则称函数()f x 为“蝶型函数”．已知函数：①sin y x =；②y =（）A.①、②均不是“蝶型函数”B.①、②均是“蝶型函数”C.①是“蝶型函数”；②不是“蝶型函数”D.①不是“蝶型函数”；②是“蝶型函数”16.已知数列{}n a 是公差不为0的等差数列，前n 项和为n S ．若对任意的*n ∈N ，都有3n S S ≥，则65a a 的值不可能为（） A.2B.53C.32D.43三、解答题17.（本题满分14分，第1小题6分，第2小题8分）如图，已知正方体''''ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1．（1）正方体''''ABCD A B C D -中哪些棱所在的直线与直线'A B 是异面直线？（2）若,M N 分别是'A B 、'BC 的中点，求异面直线MN 与BC所成角的大小．18.（本题满分14分，第1小题6分，第2小题8分）已知函数()22ax f x x -=+，其中a ∈R ．（1）解关于x 的不等式()1f x ≤-；（2）求a 的取值范围，使()f x 在区间()0,+∞上是单调减函数．19.（本题满分14分，第1小题6分，第2小题8分）我国的“洋垃圾禁止入境”政策已实施一年多，某沿海地区的海岸线为一段圆弧AB ，对应的圆心角3AOB π∠=．该地区为打击洋垃圾走私，在海岸线外侧20海里内的海域ABCD 对不明船只进行识别查证（如图，其中海域与陆地近似看作在同一平面内）．在圆弧的两端点,A B 分别建有监测站，A 与B 之间的直线距离为100海里．（1）求海域ABCD 的面积；（2）现海上P 点处有一艘不明船只，在A 点测得其距A 点40海里，在B 点测得其距B 点ABCD ？请说明理由．20.（本题满分16分，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分）已知椭圆()2222:10x y a b a bΓ+=>>的长轴长为1，直线:l y kx m =+与椭圆Γ交于,A B 两点．（1）求椭圆Γ的方程；（2）若A 为椭圆的上顶点，M 为AB 中点，O 为坐标原点，连接OM 并延长交椭圆Γ于N ，62ON OM =，求k 的值；（3）若原点O 到直线l 的距离为1，OA OB λ⋅=，当4556λ≤≤时，求OAB 的面积S 的范围．21.（本题满分18分，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题8分）已知项数为()004n n ≥项的有穷数列{}n a ，若同时满足以下三个条件： ①011,n a a m ==（m 为正整数）；②10i i a a --=或1，其中02,3,,i n =；③任取数列{}n a 中的两项(),p q a a p q ≠，剩下的02n -项中一定存在两项(),s t a a s t ≠，满足p q s t a a a a +=+，则称数列{}n a 为Ω数列．（1）若数列{}n a 是首项为1，公差为1，项数为6项的等差数列，判断数列{}n a 是否是Ω数列，并说明理由；（2）当3m =时，设Ω数列{}n a 中1出现1d 次，2出现2d 次，3出现3d 次，其中*123,,d d d ∈N ，求证：1234,2,4d d d ≥≥≥；（3）当2019m =时，求Ω数列{}n a 中项数0n 的最小值．参考答案1、22、(],0-∞3、4、1-5、221520x y -=6、2-7、84-8、10 9、[]0,lg 210、43π11、(]()1,34,+∞12、813-16、ACBD17、（1）CD ，''C D ，'CC ，'DD ，'B C ，AD ，''B C ；（2）4π18、（1）当1a =-时，()(),22,-∞--+∞；当1a >-时，(]2,0-；当1a <-时，()[),20,-∞-+∞（2）1a <-19、）（1）22003π；（2）没有 20、（1）2212x y +=；（2）12k =±；（3）略 21、（1）不是；（2）证明略；（3）略2018学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2018.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

上海市徐汇区2019-2020学年高三第一学期英语一模期末考试卷答案

2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语答案I. Listening Comprehension（每小题1分）1-10 BCBCC DCABB（每小题1.5分）11-13 CDC 14-16 BCC 17-20 AACDII . Grammar and Vocabulary（每小题1分）21. Inspired 22. to come 23. has been translated 24. sold 25. themselves 26. when 27. Though/Although/While 28. despite 29. because 30. what/whatever31-40 GAKHI DECBFIII. Reading Comprehension（每小题1分）41- 45 BADBD 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 BDAAC（每小题2分）56-59 CCDB 60-62 BBC 63-66 BCBA 67-70 EFBCIV. Summary参考答案（仅供阅卷老师参考）Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut down tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment.（54 words）评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。

上海市徐汇区2019-2020学年高三第一学期英语一模期末考试英语卷

2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2019. 12 I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answerson your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Buying a handbag. B. Trying on a piece of clothing.C. Taking a picture.D. Attending a fashion show.2. A. To the library. B. Tothe school. C. To the cafeteria. D. Tothe cinema.3. A. Make a budget. B. Buy the painting.C. Decorate the living room.D. Bargain with the art dealer.4. A. She didn't get the promotion. B. She doesn't look attractive.C. She is not in good mood.D. She can't stand foggy days.5. A. The man needs to arrive earlier. B. The woman has to work overtime.C. The woman dislikes air travel.D. The man wants to save money.6. A. He has earned a big fortune. B. He is good at saving.C. He has little money.D. He spends money like water.7. A. He didn't attend the ceremony. B. He took a lot of precious pictures.C. He forgot to take his cell phone.D. His recorded the ceremony withhis camera.8. A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet. B. Encourage his staff to work harder.C. Ask for a progress report on the project.D. Hold a conversation with his employees.9. A. He doesn't need a vacation. B. The company is short of hands.C. He is afraid of losing the job.D. The boss told him to take a chance.10. A. No seats are available now. B. It's not the right time to enter.C. It's too dark for him to find the seat.D. She can't get in until the interview ends.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. More cheerful. B. Less stressed. C. More resolute. D. Less attractive.12. A. To find out how clothes can affect people's feelings.B. To show how scientists pay more attention to details.C. To prove people make fewer mistakes in lab coats.D. To test the effect of clothes on people's attention.13. A. Body movements change the way people think.B. How people dress can change their appearance.C. What people wear can affect their performance.D. People doing different jobs wear different clothes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Experts who specialize in preventing natural disasters.B. People trained to respond to medical emergencies.C. Super heroes devoted to defending the earth.D. Doctors and nurses who provide medical services.15. A. Decent and promising. B. Busy but secure.C. Tough and stressful.D. Demanding but well-paid.16. A. Passing a physical training program. B. Getting a certificate in CPR (心肺复苏术).C. Possessing a medical school diploma.D. Keeping calm in any situation.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.18. A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D.Cycling.19. A. Launch a new promotion campaign. B. Carry out another survey.C. Increase the production of athletic shoes.D. Hold more athletic competitions.20. A. Make productsmore appealing. B. Follow the trend.C. Focus on fitness business.D. Target older customers.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Once upon a time ...Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers. At school they met a wise man who led themto a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. (21) ____________ (inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales peopletold them. Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions infaraway lands for generations (22) (come).The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children's and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection (23) __________________ (translate) into more than 160 languages up to now. The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media: theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and fashion.Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the collection (24) (sell)few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even aimed at children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales (25) . Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time (26) Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. The new rulers restricted local culture. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.(27) ______ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales, Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don't talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.Yet (28) _____ all Wilhelm's additions, the most important part of these stories was leftuntouched. The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories' bad guys are too much for some parents.So what accounts for their popularity? Some have suggested that it is (29) _____________ the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their origin. Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries (界限) of age or culture. The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (30) ___________________ moodsor interests we bring to our reading of them. And so it was that the Grimms' fairy tales lived happily ever after.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. distributedB. absolutelyC. infectionsD. consumeE. harborF. relianceG. potentialH. specificI. originateJ. respectivelyK. revealedMicroplastic PollutionIn the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there's growing concern about the 31 health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely 32 across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was 33 lastyear as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls ofDochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a 34 kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They may 35from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.Humans are known to 36 the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible healtheffects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has found thatmicroplastics can 37 harmful microbes（微生物）.Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches. They included insects that cause gastroenteritis （肠胃炎）and wound 38 in humans.“Microplastics are being foun d 39 everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing,”said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It's no use looking back in 20 yearing our waters now andtime and saying: ‘If only we'd realized just how bad it was.' We need to be monitowe need to think, as a country and a world, how we can be reducing our 40 on plastic.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 2008, the average labour-force participation rate of 55- to 64-year-olds in OECD （Organizationfor Economic Cooperation and Development）countries has risen by eight percentage points. A new，points out that the employment of older workers is 41 ,ifOECD report, “Working Better with Age”　prosperity is to be maintained. That can be taken as a sign that our society isfinally, 42 the value of its older employees.Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours. No longer do youhave to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently. But work can keep the mind active andgives people a 43 in life. The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but 44 is sure to come. Grandplans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal. 45 , the company of colleaguesprovides a social network; spending all week at homecan lead to loneliness.Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require 46 , rather than manual, labour. Ofcourse, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannotafford to 47 . That is not just because governments have been pushing up the stateretirement age. __48_, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age byseveral years. In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source ofincome and need work-related pensions to supplement it.However, companies are gradually 49 pensions linked to final salaries with "defined contribution" schemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be 50 . The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates.Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children), making their difficulties even more 51 . They need to keep working.Older workers may feel 52 , particularly when it comes to promotion. Two issues seem tohold 53 back. The first is that older workers tend to 54 higher salaries, because of the seniority system. The second is a 55 of skills；one in three 55- to 65-year-olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests. Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but theover-5 5 s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes.41. A. shortsighted B. vital C. adequate D. unnecessary42. A. recognizing B. assessing C. questioning D. transforming43. A. frame B. choice C. lesson D. purpose44. A. liberty B. boredom C. priority D. motivation45. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Furthermore46. A. mental B. simple C. physical D. routine47. A. proceed B. continue C. persist D. quit48. A. In conclusion B. In other words C. In practice D. In particular49. A. replacing B. furnishing C. increasing D. combining50. A. registered B. reinvested C. refunded D. removed51. A. personal B. severe C. emotional D. practical52. A. competitive B. dominant C. distinguished D. disadvantaged53. A. employers B. researchers C. employees D. female workers54. A. command B. ensure C. oppose D. ignore55. A. range B. discipline C. shortage D. setSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞).Early in her career, de Mille hadcreated the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.But the success of Oklahoma!didn't bring her much happiness. She thought that her work onOklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, "After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha."Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. "I confessed that I hada burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be."Graham responded by saying,"'There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action,and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it willnever exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your businessto determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open. ”56. What can be learned about de Milled ballet named Rodeo?A. It earned her a large fortune.B. It made her rise to fame overnight.C. It didn't enjoy much success.D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.57. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!?A. Relieved.B. Ashamed.C. Confused.D. Proud.5 8. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha GrahamA. was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB. enjoyed the same popularity as themC. had been influenced greatly by themD. was the most influential artist in her field59. Which of the following statements best represents Graham's words in this passage?A. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.(B)Shipping containers are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional houses. These 20-or 40-foot containers can be obtained for a little as several hundred US dollars apiece, and it's not surprising that some industry professionals and even city planners consider them the future of home building. Below are detailsof some amazing homes made out of shipping containers.London Container City (I and II)London's Container City first sprang up in the heart of thedocklands in 2001. It took just five months to complete the original 12work studios. Shortly after that, a fourth floor of studios and livingapartments was built on top of these. The first container city was sosuccessful that another 一Container City II 一was added to it.Los Angeles Redondo Beach houseWith its modem lines and appealing spaces, the award-winningRedondo Beach House is a luxury beachside showpiece built from eightrecycled steel shipping containers, along with some traditional buildingmaterials. According to the architects, the modified containers are"nearly indestructible".Amsterdam KeetwonenAmsterdam's massive Keetwonen complex houses 1,000students and it is the largest container city in the world. The housingproject is a roaring success and features units that are quiet andcomfortable. Each resident enjoys a bathroom, I kitchen and separatesleeping and studying quarters. The complex even has centralheating and high-speed internet as well as areas for parking bikes.Mexico M2ATK Container HouseM2ATK designed this unique container house for an artist. It'sfully equipped with heating and cooling, a kitchen and bathroom. Onthe bottom floor of the house are "public spaces" such as the kitchenand living room. The second floor is the bedroom, and the top floor isa studio space in which to work, read and "let fly the imagination".60. Compared to traditional houses, container houses are _________ .A. easier to maintainB. less expensive to buildC. more comfortable to live inD. more fashionable in style61. What can be learned about Amsterdam's Keetwonen complex?A. It is the first container city in the world.B. It's equipped with modem facilities.C. It features a luxury and unique style.D. It includes living space and car parks.62. Which of the following is the best title for the poster?A. Recycled material for Ideal HomeB. Shipping Container Home ChallengesC. Home in a Steel BoxD. Housing Options and Solutions(C)On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America's east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm's path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modem vehicles, Mr. Musk's products are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla's line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car's software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.Mr. Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an "internet of things".Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non —computerized versions cannot. Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable.In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.Start with ownership. As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected totheir products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear. When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.Virtual business models will jar in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version (测试版)of a fridge. Apple, a smartphone maker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphonesare lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long aftertheir original programmers have moved on.Data will be another flashpoint. For much of the internet the business model is to offer "free" services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意)that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical. In the real one, they will feel more urgent.Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry-eyed optimism. These days the internet's faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.63. From the passage we can tell that Tesla can ________ .A. drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB. adjust the range of its battery powerC. charge the battery at the tap of a keyboardD. operate when the battery is fully drained64. Which of the following is NOT an example of the “unresolved arguments”　m entioned in the passage?A. Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest.B. The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers' premiums(保费).C. Computerized machinery can't predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance.D. A high-tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves.65. The underlined word jar probably means ____________ in this context.A. boomB. conflictC. vanishD. expand66. This passage is mainly about ___________ .A. how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB. the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC. what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devicesD. different views on the current application of Internet TechnologySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Creativity is associated with many factors.B. Rather, they should work to expand, grow, and exercise it.C. Without creativity, we are indistinguishable from the masses.D. However, creativity can be acquired at any age.E. It's hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from.F. Everyone has the capacity to be creative.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) ____________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts arefiring when an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity fromyour mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68)_____________________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but thissimply isn't true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality arethe ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schoolsdo not prevent creativity. (69) _________________________________ Students should be taughtto ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university — and there aren't the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) _______________________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feetof rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially leadto the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish aself-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven't had a chance to evolve, often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies.Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙。

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状元考前提醒拿到试卷：熟悉试卷刚拿到试卷一般心情比较紧张，建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页，有多少道题，了解试卷结构，通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出，后面易题没时间做”的有效措施，也从根本上防止了“漏做题”。

答题策略答题策略一共有三点：1. 先易后难、先熟后生。

先做简单的、熟悉的题，再做综合题、难题。

2. 先小后大。

先做容易拿分的小题，再做耗时又复杂的大题。

3. 先局部后整体。

把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤，一步一步的解决，每解决一步就能得到一步的分数。

立足中下题目，力争高水平考试时，因为时间和个别题目的难度，多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目，所以在答卷中要立足中下题目。

中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上，是试题的主要构成，学生能拿下这些题目，实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理，对攻克高档题会更放得开。

确保运算正确，立足一次性成功在答卷时，要在以快为上的前提下，稳扎稳打，步步准确，尽量一次性成功。

不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度，甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤。

试题做完后要认真做好解后检查，看是否有空题，答卷是否准确，格式是否规范。

要学会“挤”分考试试题大多分步给分，所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置，文科尽量把要点写清晰，作文尤其要注意开头和结尾。

考试时，每一道题都认真思考，能做几步就做几步，对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分，这是考试中最好的策略。

检查后的涂改方式要讲究发现错误后要划掉重新写，忌原地用涂黑的方式改，这会使阅卷老师看不清。

如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写，要先写出正确的，再划去错误的。

有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了，写新题解的时间又不够，本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了。

考试期间遇到这些事，莫慌乱！2018学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2018.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a special party. B. At a hair-dressing salon.C. At a night club.D. At a fashion show.2. A. Finland. B. Egypt. C. Mexico. D. Zambia.3. A. Camping. B. Travelling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping.4. A. She is also a fan of Argentina. B. She is also working very hard.C. She loves American football so much.D. She works for the World Cup.5. A. She threw something at a truck. B. She threw herself out of window and broke her leg.C. She moved a truck to save a little boy.D. She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid.6. A. They planned to go skiing in the rain. B. They just want to grab the chance.C. They will probably change their mind.D. They’ll go skiing even in the rain.7. A. Lisa likes the messy situation. B. Lisa made the mess.C. He and Lisa are settling a problem.D. Lisa likes the new place.8. A. The lady should stop being patient. B. He can’t understand the lady’s feeling.C. The lady should not blame others.D. Nobody may be interested in her problem.9. A. Certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party.C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii.D. A picture of the moon.10.A. They went to see a movie. B. The dancers impressed them both.C. The woman is also a dancer.D. The man invited the lady to the show.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Aircraft design. B. Mathematics. C. Engineering. D. Science.12. A. 40. B. 14. C. 4. D. 0.13. A. She stuck to studying engineering at college.B. She addressed to students at high schools and colleges.C. She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work.D. She researched defense systems of satellites and rockets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The South Atlantic Ocean. B. The coast of South America.C. African continent.D. The coast of Angola.15. A. He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals.B. He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals on the coast.C. He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa.D. He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum.16. A. Because the remains were exposed on the coast.B. Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place.C. Because these animals were driven to one place and killed.D. Because these animals were all eaten by one large, fierce ancient sea animal.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A saving account in a single name. B. A saving account in joint names.C. A checking account in a single name.D. A checking account in joint names.18. A. 4. B. 3 C. 2 D. 119. A. The lady and her brothers or sisters. B. The lady’s parents.C. The lady and her father.D. The lady and her mother.20. A. Identification paper, photograph, a letter of introduction and some money.B. Identification paper, some clarifications, a letter of introduction and some money.C. A letter of introduction, photographs, a check book and some money.D. Driving license, identification paper, photos, and a letter of introduction.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps (21) _______ (honored) military tactician（战略家）in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _______ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) _______ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) _______ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _______ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have non e.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) _______ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) _______ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldi ers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _______ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _______ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m.,they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’stroops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle ofChancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrew in defeat.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent (41) _______ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was (42) _______ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then setback one hour in the fall to return to (43) _______ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it (44) _______ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the (45) _______, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were (46) _______ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce (47) _______ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory（义务）to (48) _______ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. (49) _______, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and (50) _______ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised（制定）five time (51) _______ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state (52) _______ its own DST, which proved to be (53) _______ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo（禁运）and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon (54) _______ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was (55) _______ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved（运转）around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in th e violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal（凡人）whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury（狂怒）, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56.Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______A. the violent conditions of life.B. the problems man encounters.C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D. the murderer of generations.57.Zeus married Thetis off because _______A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.58.Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C. he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an i mmortal god.D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.59.What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.BThe National Storytelling Youth Olympics is an event where thousands of kids from grades 6 to 12 compete against each other by telling stories. It is sponsored by the Master’s Degree Program in Reading and Storytelling at East Tennessee State University. The sole purpose of this event is to promote and encourage both the art and science of storytelling among middle school and high school students. Although this event is competitive, its underlying intent and goal is to provide students across the nation with a reason to practice numerous noncompetitive skills.Those skills include skillful sportsmanship , responsible behavior, and an attitude of respect for others and the storytelling genre. The eventual goal of the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is to encourage every classroom in America to discover (or rediscover) the beauty of storytelling and story performance.The National Storytelling Youth Olympics takes place usually around the first weekend in March. Students from all over the country arrive by bus, plane, or automobile in Johnson City, Tennessee. They usually arrive on Thursday or Friday. Those that arrive on Thursday take advantage of their early arrival by telling stories at local schools. On Friday, an evening meal is prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents. Games are played, stories are told, and lifetime friendships begin. Saturday is the day of the big event. A luncheon（午餐会）is held in the afternoon so contestants can familiarize themselves with the surroundings and do a sound check.The event is divided into three categories separated by grades. Contestants are judged not only by their storytelling performance, but also by the attitude and behavior they display during the entire weekend. A winner is picked from each of the three categories; however, there is an overall winner who is granted the name of Grand Torch Bearer. This person is selected not only by the judges, but also by the contestants. After the winners have been announced, the contestants retreat back to their hotel where a celebratory ice cream party is held; and believe it or not, they tell more stories! This is what the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is all about: developing a love for the art of storytelling.56.Which of the following sets of words best describes the Grand Torch Bearer?A. competitive, ambitious, talentedB. respectful, responsible, skilledC. athletic, determined, creativeD. imaginative, individualistic, pessimistic57.Why would someone MOST LIKELY choose to attend the National Storytelling Youth Olympics?A. To refine storytelling skills while meeting new friends.B. To compete fiercely with the best storytellers in the country.C. To earn money and fame.D. To develop one’s personal skill in lecture only.58.When is dinner prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents?A. Wednesday.B. Friday.C. Thursday.D. Saturday.CPhilosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic（全面的）, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized thebalancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.During the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.59.Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?A. It is the practical applications of the real world.B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.C. It is irrelevant for education.D. It is not practically applicable.60.What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that studentsneed to be constantly questioned.B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.C. There was no difference.D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasizedupon science.61.According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism”most probably refers to something_____________A. that is unnecessary.B. that is of ceaseless importance.C. that is abstract and theoretical.D. that exists no more.62.Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?A. Facts are not important.B. Facts do not lead to holistic education.C. Facts change with the changing times.D. Facts are frozen in time.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) _____________________________________Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefullyresearched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) __________________________________But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is itthat I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topicor theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________________________________________ Becauseacademic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers whowish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be aroundten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion(again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) ______________________________________ The body shouldinclude cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer asubstantial ending to the piece.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage inno more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________………………………………………………………………………………。