石化现象成因

石化现象的成因

摘要：当今石化现象已经引起了许多应用语言方面的研究者的关注，本文把石化现象分为有意识和无意识石化现象两种，与赛林格提出的石化现象的条目，规则和子系统不同。本文详细的论述了导致石化现象的原因，并提出高校教师应该了解其成因并想方设法提高学生学习英语的自信，兴趣和动机。

关键词：成因；自信；兴趣；动机

abstract：nowadays, fossilization has been paid much attention to by many researchers in the field of applied linguistics; this paper classifies fossilization into voluntary fossilization and involuntary fossilization, which are different from selinker’s fossilization forms of fossilized items, rules and subsystems. in this paper, the author analyses the causes of the phenomenon of fossilization in detail and comes to a conclusion that college teachers should understand the causes of the phenomenon of fossilization and try all possible means to enhance the students’ confidence, interest and motivation.

key words: causes，confidence, interest, motivation

the causes of the phenomenon of fossilization

ⅰintroduction

in the process of learning a foreign language, the language

that the learners use is neither their mother language nor the target language. it is called interlanguage by selinker which starts with the mother language and is approaching to the target language. in the academic field of china, scholars and experts have shown enough attention and made some researches about the relevant topic of fossilization of vocabulary, writing, oral english, listening and so on, but there are not many breakthroughs.

ⅱthe varieties and classifications of fossilization

from an ea (error analysis) perspective, the learner is no longer seen to be a passive recipient of second language input, but rather plays an active role, processing input, generating hypotheses, testing them and refining them, all of which determine the ultimate second language level of proficiency he will reach. it is generally accepted now that both innate and environmental conditions must be met for language to be acquired. mentalists have given us reasons to believe in the necessity of the innate universal grammar. their theories emphasize the importance of the learner’s “black box”, an innate mechanism. behaviorists have not denied the innate ability its importance in language acquisition. as chomsky argues, even “pure”learning theories of behaviorism assume

an innate ability to make associations between stimulus and response. recently, some new theories called interactionist theories come out. they consider language acquisition a product of the complex interaction of the linguistic environment and the learner’s internal mechanism. the validity of these theories has been well proved in second language acquisition.

ⅲ the causes of the phenomenon of fossilization

1. fossilization out of learner’s inappropriate learning method

if the second language learners choose the wrong or inappropriate method of learning a foreign language, this will possibly lead to the phenomenon of fossilization. for example, when the second language learners are reading a foreign article, they have already formed a habit of concerning too much about the vocabulary and the habit of translating every single sentence into the mother tongue, which does not only do little good to their reading speed, but also do harm to the transformation of their way of thinking. if the learners want to practice their oral english by using some inappropriate phonetic materials to imitate, they presuppose that the more they imitate the material, the better