工程师职称英语考试及用书简介
职称英语考试教材解析（2）
职称英语考试教材解析（2）2014职称英语考试教材解析3.申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
(二)语法知识考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：1.英语句子的基本语序及其意义;2.英语句子的结构和常用句型;3.各种时、体的形式及其意义;4.各种从句的构成及其意义;5.句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。
(三)阅读理解能力应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。
阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;3.利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义;4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系;5.根据所读材料进行判断和推论;6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
3.建立英文思维逻辑中英两种语言有时有较大的差异。
具有几千年历史的中国文化底蕴深厚而含蓄，而英美短暂的历史文化浅薄而张扬。
这不仅体现在语言文字上，同时也体现在行为方式上。
比如：中国人逢年过节，客人所拿的礼物进屋时非常低调，走时主人一再推托不留。
而外国客人进屋时大肆张扬所拿礼物，更是当面打开、大肆赞扬一翻。
饮食上:中国人把好东西都包在饺子里、包子里、馅饼里;而外国的Pizza，料全在外面。
普通的一句问话：“你吃饭了吗?”，中国的词序不动，只是词调变化就成了问句;而英语却需要语序倒装。
了解了语言的思维差异，在学习中就可以逐渐地适应。
4.打好基础，百战不殆开设基础班就是要帮助大家打好必要的基础，一点点教，一点点学，做到尽量多掌握，以便用最简单的基础知识来轻易解决考试中的各类问题，最后达到顺利通过考试的目的。
职称英语等级考试用书
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】职称英语考试用书(理工类)教材
2013
年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）
? 注：
? 1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；?2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2013年词汇部分、阅读判断、概括大意和完成句子、补全短文与2012年教材相比未作任何变化。
? 2013年职称英语（理工类）新增文章学习
? 阅读理解
? 第十一篇
When?Our?Eyes?Serve?Our?Stomach?Our?senses?aren’t?just?delivering?a ?strict?view?of?what’s?going?on?in?the；they’re?affected?by?what’s?going?on?in?our?heads.?A?new?study?find s?that?hungry?people?see?food-related?words?more?clearly?than?people ?who’ve?jus t?eaten.?Psychologists?have?known?for?decades?that?what
’s?going?on,?inside?our?head?affects?our?senses.?For?example,?poore r?children?think?coins?are?larger?than?they?are,?and?hungry?people?t。
职称英语教材
职称英语教材介绍职称英语是一种在中国广泛应用的英语能力考试，用于评定英语能力在特定职业领域中的水平。
职称英语教材是供考生备考使用的学习资料，它涵盖了英语听力、阅读、写作和翻译等方面的内容。
本文将介绍职称英语教材的特点和优势，以及如何选择合适的教材。
特点职称英语教材的主要特点之一是针对特定职业领域的英语能力要求。
根据不同的职业领域和职称等级，教材会提供相应的词汇、语法和专业知识知识点。
这样，考生可以有针对性地学习所需的英语知识。
另一个特点是职称英语教材注重实用性。
它们通常包含大量的实际案例、实用语料和专业术语，通过模拟实际工作环境来提高考生的应用能力。
教材中的习题和练习也经过精心设计，以帮助考生更好地掌握所学知识。
此外，职称英语教材还注重与真实考试的贴合度。
教材中的样题和模拟考试会模仿真实考试的形式，帮助考生熟悉考试的题型和时间限制，并适应考试的压力。
优势使用职称英语教材进行备考有许多优势。
首先，教材提供了系统的学习资源，包括课文、练习题和答案解析等。
考生可以根据自己的学习进度和需要，有序地进行学习和复习。
其次，教材的编写通常由经验丰富的专业教师或考试机构负责，他们对职称英语考试有深入的了解。
这使得教材内容科学合理，能够帮助考生备考时更加有效地提升英语水平。
此外，教材提供了丰富的练习题和模拟考试，帮助考生熟悉考试形式和加强应试能力。
通过不断的训练和练习，考生可以提高答题速度和准确度，增强应对考试压力的能力。
选择合适的教材选择适合自己的职称英语教材是备考的关键。
以下是一些选择教材的建议：1.了解考试要求：在选择教材之前，先了解所要参加的职称英语考试的要求和内容。
不同级别和岗位可能有不同的英语能力要求，教材应与之相符。
2.参考口碑和评价：可以向已经参加过职称英语考试的同事或朋友咨询，了解他们的备考经验和使用的教材。
也可以参考网上的评价和口碑，选择受到良好评价的教材。
3.预览教材内容：可以事先通过网上购买或者参考样章等途径，预览教材的内容。
2013年职称英语考试用书
2013年职称英语考试用书在当今竞争激烈的职场中，职称英语考试已经成为许多人提升自身职业水平的必备条件之一。
对于许多从事外语教学、翻译、国际贸易等相关职业的人来说，2013年职称英语考试是他们职业生涯中的一大挑战。
为了应对考试，备考者需要选择适合的教材和辅导资料。
本文将介绍一些适合2013年职称英语考试备考的用书。
《2013年职称英语考试教材》这本教材是专门为备考2013年职称英语考试而编写的。
在这本教材中，备考者可以找到包括语法、词汇、阅读理解和写作等在内的所有考试内容。
每个单元都包含了详细的解释和示例，以帮助备考者更好地理解和掌握知识点。
此外，书中还提供了大量的练习题，供备考者进行巩固和提高。
《2013年职称英语考试模拟试题》模拟试题是备考过程中非常重要的一部分。
通过做模拟试题，备考者可以了解自己的备考进展情况以及自己的薄弱环节。
这本模拟试题包含了所有考试内容，并按照考试要求组织。
每个模拟试题都提供了详细的答案和解析，以帮助备考者更好地理解和掌握答题技巧。
备考者可以通过反复做模拟试题来提高自己的应试能力。
《2013年职称英语考试辅导资料》辅导资料是备考过程中的重要补充。
这本辅导资料包括了备考过程中常见的问题和困惑，并提供了详细的解释和答案。
备考者可以通过阅读辅导资料来消除自己的疑虑和困惑，以更好地面对考试。
此外，辅导资料还提供了备考技巧和应试经验，帮助备考者更加高效地备考。
《2013年职称英语考试阅读理解指南》阅读理解是职称英语考试中的一个重要部分。
这本指南针对2013年职称英语考试的阅读理解部分进行了详细的讲解和指导。
书中包含了各种类型的阅读材料，帮助备考者熟悉不同类型的题目和题材。
此外，指南还提供了解题技巧和解题策略，帮助备考者更好地应对考试。
综上所述，2013年职称英语考试是许多从事外语教学、翻译、国际贸易等相关职业的人们必备的一项考试。
备考者可以选择适合自己的教材、模拟试题和辅导资料，以提高备考效果。
职称英语等级考试用书(理工类)
职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）------第一部分词汇选项词汇1-10第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇E1 Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform第六篇Microchip Research Center Created第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England第八篇Easy Learning第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude第十篇Irish Dolhpins May Have a Unique Dialect第十一篇*Computer Mouse第十二篇*Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake第十三篇+The Northern Lights第十四篇+Biodiesel第十五篇+Image Martian Dust Particles第三部分概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting第六篇How We Form First Impression第七篇Screen Test第八篇The Mir Space Station第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language第十一篇*The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World第十二篇*A Strong Greenhouse Gas第十三篇+Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu第十四篇+The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen第十五篇+Maglev Trains第四部阅读理解第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Weaving with Light第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇 Invisibility Ring第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive*第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others+第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级第五部分补全短文第一篇 Mobile phones第二篇The World’s Longest Bridge第三篇 Reinventing the Table第四篇Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet第五篇 The Magic of Sound第六篇 Dung to Death第七篇 Time in the Animal World第八篇 Watching Microcurrents Flow第九篇 Heat Is killer第十篇 High Dive第十一篇*Virtual Driver第十二篇*Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills第十三篇+Sleeping Giant第十四篇+Robotic Highway Cones第十五篇+The Arctic Ice Is Thawing第六部分完型填空第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇 What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?第四篇 Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇 An Intelligent Car第八篇 A Biological Clock第九篇 Wonder Webs第十篇 Less Is More*第十一篇 China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival*第十二篇 Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens+第十三篇 Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+第十五篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores目录说明：本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C级考试水平，供报考C级考试的学员阅读；标有“*”的文章相当于B级考试水平；标有“+”的文章，相当于A级考试水平。
职称英语等级考试用书()
xx年职称英语等级考试用书（最新）内容简介：和社会保障部组织的全国统一标准的划分为综合、理工、卫生3个专业类别。
考试主要测试专业技术人员阅读并且理解外文专业根底文献的能力。
清华、北大和人大专业教授联袂，原阅卷组成员和一线辅导专家联袂，为考生有效复习备考，精编了《xx年职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷(卫生类)》。
本书由xx、xx、xx和xx年的A级、B级和C级12套真题以及A级、B级和C级6套全真模拟试卷组成。
为了剖析历年命题规律和出题动态，《xx年职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷(卫生类)》精解了近4年的真题，详解命题规律，诠释高频考点、热点，帮助考生真正做到有针对性地复习。
本书解答详尽，每套真题均配有详细的试题解析，各题型均配有试题题目的翻译，还对干扰项进展了详细分析。
《xx年职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷(卫生类)》提供了6套全真模拟试卷，预测了xx年考试的方向。
考生可以利用本书中模拟试卷进展考前模拟实战训练。
职称英语等级考试用书理工类(精华版含16年新增)
第四部阅读理解第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive*第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇 Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级第五部分补全短文第一篇 Mobile phones第一篇The World’s Longest Bridge第二篇Reinventing the Table第三篇Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet第四篇The Magic of Sound第五篇Dung to Death第六篇Time in the Animal World第七篇Watching Microcurrents Flow第八篇Heat Is killer 第九篇High Dive第十篇*Virtual Driver第十一篇*Musical Training Can Improve CommunicationSkills第十二篇+Sleeping Giant第十三篇+Robotic Highway Cones第十四篇+The Arctic Ice Is Thawing第六部分完型填空第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇 An Intelligent Car第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures第九篇 Wonder Webs第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort FoodFights Loneliness*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks forUnprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food CouldNeutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, MoreLight+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of JapaneseEarthquake Damage1、Common Questions about Dreams2、Baby Talk3、The Apgar Test4、Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job5、Primer on Smell第十七篇A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1in the world, reducing ourcarbon emissions is not going prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strongmeasures to control emissions, the uncertainties in ourclimate models still leave open the possibility ofextreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groupsmakes it quite possible that the actions suggested byclimate scientists might not be implemented soon enough./Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse2,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3.For the most part they have strongly resisted discussingthese options for fear of inviting a sense ofcomplacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the rootof the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number ofresearchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale“geoengineering” projects that might be used tocounteract global warming. “I use the analogy ofmethadone4,” says Stephen Schnei der, a climateresearcher at Stanford University in California who wasamong the first to draw attention to global warming.“If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment ishospitalization, and a long rehab. But if theyabsolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin./Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to thewhole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radicalplan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-lightdiscs into space, where they would form a vast cloud thatwould block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial, butrecent studies suggest there are ways to deflect justenough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface tocounteract the warming produced by the greenhouseeffect. Global climate models show that blocking just1. 8 p er cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rayswould cancel out the warming effects produced by adoubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thatcould be crucial, because even the most severeemissions-control measures being proposed would leaveus with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of thiscentury, and that would last for at least a century more.练习: 1. According to the first two paragraphs，theauthor thinks that C despite the difficulty, scientistshave some options to prevent global warming.2.Scientists resist talking about their options becausethey don’t want people to C think the problem has beensolved.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroinaddict and methadone? A Methadone is an effective wayto treat a hard heroin addict.4. What is StephenSchneider’s idea of preventing global warming? C Toapply sunscreen to the Earth.5. What is NOT true of theeffectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the lastparagraph? D It decreases greenhouse gases in theatmosphere.第十八篇Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent ofabout 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy onEarth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from theSun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover ourneeds for an entire year, we just need to find anefficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil hasbeen cheaper and easier to get at. But as suppliesdwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure ouraddiction to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until thesteam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-densecoal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of ourenergy needs, but its use has been declining since westarted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossilfuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are stillplentiful: its reserves are five times larger thanoil’s.Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below thesurface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, dieseloil and various other chemical substances, providesaround 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuellingautomobiles. The US consumes n quarter of all oil, andgenerates a similar proportion of greenhouse gasemissions.The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, whichhas half of known reserves. But other significantsources include Russia, North America, Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska’s Arctic NationalWildlife Refuge1could be a major new US source, to reducereliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict wewill exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reachan energy crisis in the next few decades, when demandexceeds supply. As conventional reserves become moredifficult to access, others such as oil shales and tarsands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtainedfrom coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we havereleased 400 billion tonnes2of carbon, and burning theentire reserves could eventually raise worldtemperatures by 130 C. Among other horrors, this wouldresult in the destruction of all rainforests and themelting of all Arctic ice.练习: 1. “… we will need tocure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so?D Oil supply is decreasing. 2. Which of the followingstatements is NOT meant by the author, according to thesecond paragraph? C Coal is the most environmentallyunfriendly fuel next to oil. 3. Which country is thebiggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States.4.What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis. 5. What is NOTthe result of consuming fossil fuels according to thelast paragraph? D The sea level will go up.第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances ListenerExperienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’sCenter for Music Technology, recommends songs, dancesto the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listenerfeedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robotis billed as an i nteractive “musical friend”./“Shimiis designed to change the way that people enjoy and thinkabout their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg, therobot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band ofthree Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing insync with music created in the lab and composedaccording to its movements./Shimi is essentially adocking station with a “brain” powered by an Androidphone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing andmusical generation capabilities of the user’s mobiledevice. In other words, if there’s an “app” for that,Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’scamera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow alistener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognitionfeature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user tapsa beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musicallibrary and immediately plays the song that best matchesthe suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances tothe rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by theirprogramming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D.candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots c anbe creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in theworks will allow the user to shake their head indisagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimito skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend newmusic based on the user’s song choices and providefeedback on the music play list./Weinberg hopes otherdevelopers will be inspired to create more apps toexpand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution thatwill see more robots in homes.” Weinbergsaid./Weinberg is in the process of commercializingShimi through an exclusive licensing agreement withGeorgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot availableto consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots aregoing to arrive in homes, we think that they will be thiskind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pavethe way for more intelligent service robots in ourlives.”练习：1.Which of the following is NOT trueaccording to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is thecreator of the musical companion.2.What does Shimi doif the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matchedsong and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of thefollowing about Shimi is true?DShimi can be creative andinteractive.4.What does the author want to tell us?A Theresearch center is developing a stronger and moreversatile Shimi.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’sassertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun ifShimi is going to arrive in homes.第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has beenexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole 1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible orhuman-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another onenamed Alvin 2, which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. /Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.”Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin . It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin , it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvi has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.练习: 1. What is Alvin? C A submersible. 2. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. 3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to D Shape. 5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? D Both A and B. 第二十一篇 Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades hut hadn’t regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the MaxPlanck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg,Germany 1. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it wasimpossible for plants to make significant amounts of thegas. They had assumed that microbes 2 need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Keppler’s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth’s atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves. /With the dried plants, the researchers tookmeasurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found,a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. /Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it’s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That’s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. /The new finding is an “interesting observation,” says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota inSt. Paul 3. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant’s influence, she notes. 练习: 1. What was scientists’ understanding of methane? C It was produced in oxygen-free environments. 2. To testwhether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created B an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has. 3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment? D The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions. 4. Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage? D Microbes in plants produce methane. 5. What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane? CLess methane reaches the atmosphere.第二十三篇 Powering a City? It’s a Breeze.1The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries — a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips — yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.2 Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high -tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftopsof busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often moreefficient than rural counterparts 3, they take advantageof the extreme turbulence 4 and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns. Prototypes havebeen successfully tested in several Dutch cities, andthe city government in the Hague 5 has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$ 8,000 to US$12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours. But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercialbuildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane. Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but theever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. TheNetherlands, with 16 million people crowded into acountry twice the size of Slovenia 6, is the most denselypopulated in Europe. Problems remain, however, forexample, public safety concerns 7, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturer. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. Peop le don’t know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to oneof the big turbines. It might be too hectic. Meanwhile,projects are under way 8 to use minimills 9 to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think t he thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It’s a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard, I don’t think anybody wants a nuclear p ower plant in their backyard.”练习： 1. What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph? B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills. 2. Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph? A It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation. B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people. 3. The smallest models of an urban turbine C can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane. D can he installed with a crane. 4. Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. 5. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology? D Both A and C.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires — a Looming Catastrophe1 Coal burning deep underground in China ， India andIndonesia is threatening the environment and human life,scientists have warned.2 These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and killsurrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases andcan even ignite forest fires, a panel 3 of scientists toldthe annual meeting of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science in Denver 4. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East GeorgiaCollege in Swainsboro , USA. But surprisingly few peopleknow about them. Coal can heat up on its own 5, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused todisappear and under the right combinations of sunlightand oxygen, can trigger spontaneous 6 catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coalstockpiles 7, abandoned mines or even as coal istransported. Such fires in China consume 8 up to 9 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U. S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted forpublication in the International journal of CoalEcology . Once underway,10 coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere. /The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country. /Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing 11 the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a beat-resistant grout (athin mortar 12used to fill cracks and crevices) , whichis designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off 13 the oxygen supply.练习: 1. According to the first paragraph, one or the warnings given by the scientists is that C poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources. 2. According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear? A Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns. 3. What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coat Ecology? D Coal fires can have an impact on the environment. 4. Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true? B He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands. 5. According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires? D Cutting off the oxygen supply. 第二十五篇 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, butit’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to 1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can he made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, butcould help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid oftoxins.2 /Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet fortheir whole lives, and fed another three onhalf-rations 3. Three more mice were switched from thenormal diet to half-feed 3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years. /The researchers checked the activity of 11, 000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age inthe normally fed mice. The changes were associated withthings like inflammation and free radical production 4 — probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted nil their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent ofthese gene changes. /“This is the first indication thatthese effects kick in 5 pretty quickly.” say Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work ,” he says. /If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug iseffective. /But Spindler isn’t sure the trade -off isworth it 6. “The mice get less disease, they live lo nger, but they’re hungry,” he says, “Even seeing what a diet does , it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only cat half of that’.” Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of caloric restriction.练习: 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? D We have to begin dieting since childhood. 2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. 3. What can he inferred about completely normally fed micementioned in the passage? D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? A The mice that started dieting in old age. 5. According 10 the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that C dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause AccidentsDifferentlyMale pilots flying general aviation 1 (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are results of a study fly researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies difference between male and femalepilot in terms of circumstances or the crash and the typeor pilots error involved 2. “Crashes of general aviationaircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths 3in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots,as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that 4 of crashes of female pilots.” explains Susan P. B aker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilotyouth and inexperience are established 5 contributors toaviation crashes 6, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.” The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots’ crashes and 36 percent of males’. Experiencing mechanicalfailure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane withthe landing gear up 7 were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. /The majority of the crashes — 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males — involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent ). Males, however,appeared more likely to be guilty of 8 poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness,examples of whichinclude misjudging weather and visibility 9 or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft,were generally more careful than their malecounterparts 10. 练习 : 1. What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about ？ B Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes. 2. Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph? C It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.3. How did the researchers carry out their study? A They studied the findings of several previous research projects. 4. What is the most common circumstance of crash with femalepilots? B Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling. 5. In the comparison of female and male pilots. D male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.第二十七篇 Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides into the driver’s seat, starts up thecar and heads 1 to town. The empty stretch of interstategives way to urban congestion 2, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn’t real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn’t really driving. Coyne is demonstratinga computerized driving simulator that is helpingresearchers at Old Dominion University 3 (ODU) examinehow in-vehicle guidance systems affect the personbehind the wheel.4 /The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, aretoo distracting — or whether any distractions areoffset 5 by the benefits drivers get from having helpfinding their way in unfamiliar locations.6 /“We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor lending the research, which involvesmeasuring drivers reaction time and brain activity asthey respond to auditory and visual cues 7.The researchers just completed a study of the mentalworkload 8 involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs, light traffic.Preliminary results show that as p eople “get into more challenging driving situations, they don’t have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment.” Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers’ mental workload. /“Is it best if they seea picture… that shows their position, a map kind of display?9”Baldwin said. “Is it best if they hear it?” /Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. “They’re very unforgiving,” Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.” /That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions. Baldwin said. Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choosethe style of directions they want, or modify systems topresent some information in a way that makes sense 10 for people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men don’t like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.练习: 1. Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? C Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. 2. What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? D All of the above. 3. What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? C In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else. 4. The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers D want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system. 5. What kind of directions do menand women prefer? B Men prefer more general directionand women prefer route directions.第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1To sleep. Perchance to file?2 Findings published online this week by the Proceedings 3 of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brainorganizes and stows memories formed during the day whilethe rest of the body is catching zzz’s 4. /Gyorgy Buzsakiof Rutgers University 5 and his colleagues analyzed thebrain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from 6the somatosensory neocortex 7 (an area that processessensory information) and the hippocampus 8, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followedtens of milliseconds 9 later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published onlinethis week by the Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, links age-associated memory decline 10 to high glucose levels. /Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend toincrease with age, affect memory in healthy people aswell. The scientists administered 11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body’s tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects betterable to absorb blood sugar. /“Our study suggests thatthis impairment 12 may contribute to the memory deficits 13 that occur as people age.” Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucosetolerance could reverse some age-associated problems incognition.14” Exercise and weight control can help keepglucose levels in check 15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.练习： 1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?”? A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? 2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. 3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory. 5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? D To control glucose levels. 第二十九篇 Food FrightExperiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified (GM) foods, including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans. Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato. A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again. GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might helppeople at risk of developing kwashiorkor.1Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein, is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages. /Commenting on GM foods, Jonathon Jones, aBritish researcher, said. “The future benefits will beenormous, and the best is yet to come.2” /To some people, GM foods are no different from unmodified foods. “A tomato is a tomato,” said Brian Sansoni, an American food manufacturer.Critics of GM foods challenge Sansonis opinion. They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people, other animals, and plants. /In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University, scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn, which makes up one-fourth of the U. S. corn crop. The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed, a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch butterfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves, almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died. “Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,” said Cornell researcher Linda Ray nor. “This is a warning bell.”/Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might findthemselves made stronger 3. How so? The insecticides usedto protect most of today’s crops are spra yed on thecrops when needed 4 and decay quickly in the environment. But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide. Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics. Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt. At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada, GM crops that have been made resistantto the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating “super weeds”5 that could take over whole fields. So where do you stand? Should GM foods be banned in the United States, as they are in parts of Europe? Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?练习: 1. Paragraphs 1、2 &. 3 try to give the idea that A GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans. 2. Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed milkweed cited in Paragraph 6? C It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side. 3. What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide? B They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. 4. Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the passage? D The United States has not banned GM foods. 5. What is the writer’s attitude to GM foods? A We cannot tell from the passage. 第三十篇 Digital RealmIn the digital realm, the next big advance will be voicerecognition 1. The rudiments 2 are already here but in primitive form. Ask a computer to “recognize speech,”and it is likely to think you want it to “wreck a nicebeach.”3But in a decade or so we’ll be able to chat away 4 andmachines will soak it all in 5. Microchips will be truly embedded in our lives when we can talk to them. Not onlyto our computers, we’ll also be able to chat with ourautomobile navigation systems, telephone consoles 6,browsers, thermostats. VCRs, microwaves and any otherdevices we want to boss around 7.That will open the way to the next phase of the digitalage : artificial intelligence 8. By our providing so many thoughts and preferences to our machines each day, they’ll accumulate enough information about how wethink so that they’ll be able to mimic our minds andact as our agents. Scary, huh 9? But potentially quite useful. At least until they decide they don’t need us。
职称英语等级考试用书
职称英语等级考试用书
以下是职称英语等级考试常用的参考书籍：
1.《职称英语复习指南》
该书是职称英语考试专用的复习教材，包含了全面的考试内容和试题类型，适合考生进行系统的复习。
2.《职称英语综合教程》
该书以各个职称英语等级的考试要求为基础，结合实际工作场景进行教学。
内容涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和翻译等方面的考试知识。
3.《职称英语考试全真模拟试题集》
该书是针对职称英语考试的模拟试题集合，由前几年的真实考试题目组成。
通过练习这些试题，考生可以更好地了解考试的形式和难度，对自己的备考情况进行评估。
4.《职称英语考试词汇指南》
这本书主要是针对职称英语考试的词汇准备。
里面包含了很多考试常用的词汇和短语，帮助考生扩充词汇量，提高应对考试的能力。
5.《职称英语写作指导》
该书主要是针对职称英语写作部分的准备。
它包含了写作技巧和例文，帮助考生提升写作水平，应对考试中的写作任务。
以上书籍都是职称英语考试中比较常用的教材和参考书籍，通过阅读和练习这些书籍，考生可以更好地备考和应对考试。
当然，选择合适的参考书籍还要根据个人的需求和水平进行选择。
职称英语考试用书
教材前言
外语能力是衡量专业技术人员素质和ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ业水平的一个重要方面，特别是在经济全球化和我国对外开放不断发 展的新形势下，测试专业技术人员对外文专业基础文献的阅读理解能力势在必行。
为帮助广大参加全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试的考生了解考试内容及要求，并顺利通过考试，本套图 书编写组深入研究了历年职称英语考试大纲和真题，立足考试，开拓创新，组织大连外国语学院、北京第二外国 语学院等名校的著名专家、学者编写了这套《职称英语考试系列用书》（综合类、理工类、卫生类）。
全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试用书—职称英语(综合类)(附赠光盘) 全国职称英语(综合类)考试教材全套3本(附赠光盘) 全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试用书—职称英语(理工类)(附赠光盘) 全国职称英语等级考试用书(理工类)全国职称英语(理工类)考试用书全套3本(附赠光盘) 全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试用书—职称英语(卫生类)(附赠光盘) 全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练（综合类） 全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练（理工类） 全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练（卫生类） 全国职称英语等级考试历年真题及全真模拟试卷(综合类)
概述
职称英语考试用书仍分为综合、理工、卫生三个专业，随书赠送全新改版的《全国专业技术人员职称英语等 级考试辅导光盘(CD-ROM)》，附有前一年相应语种等级考试试卷和试题分析。
教材列表
2013年职称英语考试教材由人事部人事考试中心国家外国专家局部训中心组编写，中国人事出版社出版，以 下是职称英语考试教材列表：
★精选模拟试题：不同类别的图书分门别类适量选材，均为量身定做，保证了考生学习的针对性和实用性。
发行公告
2013年度全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试用书发行公告
职称英语考试 (2)[001]
![职称英语考试 (2)[001]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/352e0f57c4da50e2524de518964bcf84b9d52d90.png)
职称英语考试1. 简介职称英语考试（Professional English Test，简称PET）是中国国家外语教育委员会主管，国家职称英语考试委员会负责的英语考试。
该考试旨在评估参与者在各职称英语级别上的英语语言能力，为其在相关职业领域的晋升和提升提供支持。
2. 考试级别职称英语考试分为初级、中级和高级三个级别。
具体考试级别由参与者根据自身需求和目标选择。
•初级（PETS）•中级（PETS2）•高级（PETS3）3. 考试内容每个级别的职称英语考试都涵盖以下四个方面的内容：3.1. 听力理解参与者将被播放一段与相关职业领域相关的录音，并通过听力理解能力回答相关问题。
这部分考试主要评估参与者对于听力材料的理解和应对能力。
3.2. 阅读理解参与者需要阅读与相关职业领域相关的文章或短文，并根据理解回答相关问题。
这部分考试主要评估参与者的阅读能力和对于文章或短文的理解能力。
3.3. 语言知识运用参与者需要回答与语法、词汇、短语等相关的选择题。
这部分考试主要评估参与者的语言知识和运用能力。
3.4. 写作能力参与者需要根据指定的题目或写作要求，撰写一篇文章、报告或信件等。
这部分考试主要评估参与者的写作能力和表达能力。
4. 考试评分职称英语考试采用标准化评分体系，根据参与者在各个方面的表现给予相应的分数。
考试总分一般为100分，各部分的分值比例根据不同级别会有所调整。
参与者在各个部分的得分将被综合计算，以确定其在该级别的考试是否通过。
一般来说，60分以上为合格，达到一定分数线为优秀。
5. 考试准备为了在职称英语考试中获得好成绩，参与者需要进行充分的准备。
以下是一些建议：•提前了解考试内容和题型，确保对于各个部分的要求和特点有所了解。
•多参与沟通和交流，提升听力和口语能力。
•多阅读相关的文章、材料等，提高阅读理解能力。
•注意积累常用的语法规则、词汇和短语，提高语言知识运用能力。
•练习写作，培养良好的写作习惯和表达能力。
职称外语考试用书
职称外语考试用书
1.《外语教育与研究》-该期刊是外语教学领域的权威期刊，可以帮助考生了解最新的外语教学理论和实践。
2.《新概念英语》 - 该书是英语学习者的必备教材，包含了各种语言知识和实用语言技能。
3.《剑桥商务英语》 - 该系列教材是商务英语考试的主要教材，可以帮助考生掌握商务英语的专业术语和实用语言技能。
4.《新编大学英语》 - 该教材适用于各个层次的英语学习者，包含了多种语言技能和学习方法。
5.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》 - 该词典是英语学习者的必备工具书，可以帮助考生查找和理解英语单词和短语的意思和用法。
6.《英语语法大全》 - 该书详细介绍了英语语法的各个方面，可以帮助考生掌握正确的语法用法。
7.《英语阅读与写作》 - 该书教授了英语阅读和写作的基本技能，可以帮助考生提高英语阅读和写作能力。
8.《新编英语口语教程》 - 该教材教授了英语口语的基本技能和实用口语表达，可以帮助考生提高英语口语水平。
以上是职称外语考试用书的一些推荐，考生可以根据自己的需要和水平选择合适的教材和工具书。
- 1 -。
专业英语(工程类)教师用书
主 编：熊 英 副主编：郝可欣 参 编：胡 竞、史蕾蕾、陈晓慧、张微微、李 柏
1
前言
本书是《实用英语（工程管理类）》的教师用书，供教师参考使用。全书共 分 15 个单元，由下列四个部分构成：参考教案、背景知识、课文 A 和课文 B。 具体内容如下：
1. 参考教案：包括每个单元的教学目标及学时安排。每个单元需要二学时。 2. 背景知识：包含一篇与本单元题目相关的文章，为每单元导入部分提供 背景材料。 3. 课文 A：包含课文 A 的参考译文、练习答案和专业词汇，有助于更好理解 课文，方便教师备课使用。 4. 课文 B：包含课文 B 中重点专业词汇的详细讲解。 在具体安排教学活动时，教师可根据自己的教学实际情况删选使用上述内 容。 本书由大连理工大学城市学院熊英任主编，郝可欣任副主编，胡竞、史蕾蕾、 陈晓慧、张微微、李柏参与了编写。 由于时间仓促，加之编者水平与经验有限，书中的纰漏之处在所难免，敬请 广大读者批评指正。
随着科学和技术的发展，建筑手段在每一领域都发生改变。许多日常功能都 可以自动化并有电脑控制，尤其是住宅建设中。因此对技术型尤其是拥有技术背 景的工人的需求会大量增加。
练习答案：
Questions for Discussion 1. What is construction? Why is the construction of projects so complicated?
编者 2010 年 2 月
2
Unit 1 建筑业
参考教案
教学目标
1. 了解建筑业的定义
2. 理解建筑师的工作职责
3. 掌握建筑工作的步骤
学时安排
以每学时 45 分钟为例，每单元二学时。
中石油、中石化职称英语考试参考用书
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.
Step 2: Relationships This is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on. Step 3: Share If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage? 2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic
2021年职称外语考试的教材有些
职称外语考试的教材有些xx年职称外语考试的教材有哪些很快又到了一年一度的职称英语考试了。
下面收集了一些相关的考试书籍，欢迎借鉴!xx年度全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试报名工作预计将于xx 年11月下旬开始，为帮助广大专业技术人员外语，熟悉全国职称外语等级考试的'方法，中国人事出版社根据人力资源和社会保障部专业技术人员管理司审定的《全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试大纲》， ___编写了xx年版《全国职称外语等级考试用书》及《全国职称外语等级考试 ___用书》。
xx年职称英语教材分为理工类、综合类、卫生类。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲中国人事出版社、外研出版社20元全国专业技术人员职称日语等级考试大纲中国人事出版社 18元全国专业技术人员职称俄语等级考试大纲外研出版社 11元全国专业技术人员职称德语等级考试大纲外研出版社 19元全国专业技术人员职称法语等级考试大纲外研出版社 23元全国专业技术人员职称西班牙语等级考试大纲外研出版社 40元《最新实用英汉词典》旨在为读者提供更新、更全、更便捷的英语学习工具书。
作为一部全新的学习型英语词典，全书共收录常用词 ___余条，词语搭配及常用词组30000余个;单词的汉语释义简洁明晰、通俗易懂，有助于准确理解和使用;同义词与反义词部分收录8000余条同义词与反义词，对比记忆，效果更佳;同义词部分单独成篇，左右分栏，查找更便捷;以英式英语的拼写、读音和用法为主，同时兼顾美式英语的使用;根据词汇使用频率的最新统计数据收录词条，适用于准备各类考试及日常英语学习和交流。
本词典专门为“全国职称英语等级考试”编写。
共收录词条 ___余条，涵盖考试大纲所规定的词汇以及日常工作和生活中的常用词汇。
全国职称英语等级考试用书(综合类) 中国人事出版社 48元全国职称英语等级考试用书(理工类) 中国人事出版社 48元全国职称英语等级考试用书(卫生类) 中国人事出版社 48元全国职称日语等级考试用书中国人事出版社 46元全国职称俄语等级考试用书中国人事出版社 46元全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练(综合类) 中国人事出版社 38元全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练(理工类) 中国人事出版社 38元全国职称英语等级考试专项突破及综合训练(卫生类) 中国人事出版社 38元全国职称英语等级考试词汇重点突破中国人事出版社 38元全国职称日语等级考试综合训练中国人事出版社 38元全国职称英语等级考试历年真题及全真模拟 ___(综合类) 中国人事出版社 38元全国职称英语等级考试历年真题及全真模拟 ___(理工类) 中国人事出版社 38元这套图书是全国职称外语等级考试的唯一指定考试用书，包括考试大纲、考试用书和考试 ___用书三大类。
2021年职称英语考试专用教材
职称英语考试专用教材职称英语考试是由国家人事部 ___实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
下面给大家带来职称英语考试专用教材，欢迎大家阅读。
1、劳逸结合，贵在坚持。
90天的复习时间不长也不短，贵在坚持。
( ___xx年职称英语考试复习指导)2、专项训练交叉。
复习过程比较枯燥，也容易产生厌烦心理。
对六大考试题型可以进行交叉练习。
3、掌握各题型正确的。
①、词汇：需要考生在最后阶段练习，建议一天练习查60对，而且一个词汇题要反、正查，同时也要进行职称考试中常考词汇的记忆，这样可以在考试时提高速度，节省时间。
词汇题一般情况下仅凭字典一般也能做对，因此考生对自己不认识、不熟悉或没有绝对把握的题一定要通过字典来确认，从而确保词汇题100%的正确率。
张娇老师特别提醒考生，考试时要带上一本带有同义词的词典。
且词典不能含有职称、考试等字样，更不能带电子词典。
( ___xx年职称英语考试复习指导)②、阅读判断：答题时需掌握一条原则，就是在文章中有明确提出的才能确定为对。
题目中若出现 must、only、all、always等时，答案一般不会是对的。
除上面的原则外，一般根据下列原则和规律也可以确定正确答案。
选择A、B或C的三种情况：选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到③、概括大意和完成句子：概括大意要先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。
完成句子则要根据所给的短句进行选择，比较好的方法是找同类动词。
同时读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。
读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。
这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。
应该抓住该段话的主题句。
④、阅读理解：首先要重点掌握教材上的阅读理解的重点文章的背诵，来抓住出自教材上的分数，这是顺利通过考试很关键的一步。
XX职称英语教材简介
XX职称英语教材简介
日前，xx年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试教材正式出炉，与xx版教材相比，新教材堪称近年来变化最大的一次。
职称英语辅导名师李玉技认为，教材的大幅度调整无疑增加了考试的难度。
因此，考生应提前“热身”，在春节前就要打好冲刺复习的根底，以保证顺利通关。
李玉技老师表示，综合、理工、卫生三个类别的新版教材中，阅读理解题型的文章均发生了较大变化。
尤其是综合类考试变化最大。
通常情况下，职称英语考试中，约有30分的考题教材原题。
而六大题型中，阅读理解要占到45分。
因此，新增阅读理解文章的重要性不言而喻。
目前，新东方在线已经更新了新增内容的视频分析和文字指导，考生对此应给予充分重视，并有针对性地提早展开第一轮复习。
“考生在考前复习练习的过程中，就要培养一本跟自己有‘感情’的字典，习惯其编排规律，以有效节约考试做题时间。
”李玉技老师建议，不熟悉英汉词典用法的考生，可以在新东方在线的网络课堂上专门的课程，掌握查阅词典的方法。
另外，面对新教材内容大幅度调整的状况，根底相对薄弱的考生应尽早选择适合的辅导班，在老师的指导下攻克重点、难点、考点。
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工程师职称英语考试及用书简介
工程师、自然科学研究类的技术职称需要考理工类职称英语；社科、财经、管理类职称需要考综合类；医生、护士、药师需要考卫生类（但医药领域类的工程师职称也需要考理工类）。
三个类别方向不同，难度不好比较，相对而言综合类简单一些。
外语敎育网职称英语栏目有详细的介绍，有问题还有能够在线咨询哦。
职称英语教材
目录
考试说明
评价目标
图书封面
英语教材
教材前言
综合类教材目录
图书目录
职称英语教材领取
考试说明
评价目标
图书封面
英语教材
教材前言
综合类教材目录
图书目录
职称英语教材领取
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级
考试说明
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。
本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
资料仅供参考
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。
A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
评价目标
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。
考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C 级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。
为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：
（一）词汇量:考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本人纲所附词汇表。
对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：
1、申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
2、申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
3、申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
（二）语法知识:考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：
1、英语句子的基本语序及其意义；
2、英语句子的结构和常见句型；
3、各种时、体的形式及其意义；
4、各种从句的构成及其意义；
5、句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。
（三）阅读理解能力:应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。
阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；
3、利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；
4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；
5、根据所读材料进行判断和推论；
6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
英语教材。