2014春华南师范大学《英语语言学》复习资料及满分答案
语言学考试题及答案英语
语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。
答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。
答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。
答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。
答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。
答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。
答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。
西华师大外国语学院《语言学》期末复习资料Review of linguistics
Types of morphemes(69-71)
• 1.Free morphemes and bound morphemes • 2. Roots, affixes and stems • 3.inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes
Word-formation(p71-83)
Semantic roles of clause elements P101-103
Agent: Patient: Recipient: Beneficiary Experiencer: Instrument: Time: Location:
Chapter seven
• semantic triangles • THOUGHT/REFERENCE (CONCEPT)
• Antonymy---it refers to the oppositeness of meaning. • Antonyms---words are opposite in meaning. • • Antonyms • • gradable complementary relational reverse
The phonetic properties of consonants
• The places of articulation • The manners of articulation
• The phonetic description of the consonants
• P31 table
• • Homonymy • • • • identical in sound. homographs: two words are identical in spelling. complete homonyms: two words are identical both in sound and spelling.
2014华师英语考试满分答案
2014华师英语考试满分答案1．第1题（）road out of town is good. But this one is better than the other.D.Neither（）that leather shoes are hand-made, the price seems reasonable.D.ConsideringEarly to bed and early to rise（）a man healthy, wealthy and wise.C.makesEveryone else was killed in the accident. I was the only one to（）.D.surviveGood care must（）babies particularly while they are ill.D.be taken ofHardly had Julie graduated from university （）she got a job in a bank.C.whenHe as well as I（）the suggestion you put forward just now.D.agrees toHe didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch（）.B.repairedHe finished his lunch very fast, because he（）attend an important meeting.D.had toHe won’t（）to bring me my umbrella unless I tell him again.C.rememberI am going to（）a group of foreign guests.A.receiveI asked him to（）me a few minutes so that we could go over the problems.C.spareI bought a shirt because it was good in quality and（）in price.A.reasonableI don’t trust him at all. His smiles always make me（）.D.sickI like spring. I hope good weather will（）.B.stayIf we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,（）great it is.C.howeverIf you drink too much, your health will get even（）.C.worse In today’s newspaper, it（）that there will be strong wind this afternoon.D.saysLast summer I took a course on（）.A.how to make dressesThe great noise produced by the machine will sooner or later do（）to the workers’hearing.D.harmThe thing that（）is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A.mattersThere are altogether fifty students in our class, twenty（）are boys.C.of whomThis hotel （）$ 60 for a single room with bath.D.chargesThis room is（）as large as that.C.one and a half timesVery seldom（）that two clocks or watches exactly agree.D.do you findWe have studied English for only one year,（）we can perform English short plays already.C.yetWe were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of（）.B.act oneWho is going to （）the telephone ?C.answerWill the（）of houses and land continue to increase?B.value You can take as many as you like because they are free of （）.B.charge要是有更多的钱，我就能在市区买一套公寓了。
2014年9月华南师范大学《语用与交际》作业考核试题及满分答案
2014年9月华南师范大学《语用与交际》作业考核试题及满分答案、单选题（共30 道试题，共60 分。
）1. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called （）.A. compoundingB. back-formationC. functional shiftD. derivation满分：2 分2. Jack phones Hsiao Song's office.Jack: Hello, I'd like to speak to Song Hua, please.Song: （）A. I'm Song Hua.B. This is Song Hua speaking.C. Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D. Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.满分：2 分3. If your English teacher uses a Latin word you don't know, you mightA. say nothing and pretend that you have understood.B. say, "Please repeat."C. say, "I'm sorry. What did you say just now?D. say, "I'm sorry, I didn't understand what you said. Could you please repeat that last word?"满分：2 分4. If someone gives you directions in English so quickly that you don't understand, you might respond:A. " Excuse me, I'm still learning the language. Could you repeat that a little more slowly?"B. " Thank you. I appreciate your help."C. " Could you repeat that?"D. Try to repeat the direction to the person.满分：2 分5. （）implicatures are produced by relating to the conversational context.A. conventionalB. conversationalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分6. （）is the study of "the formal relations of signs to one another".A. SemanticsB. SyntacticsC. PragmaticsD. semiotics满分：2 分7. When introducing yourself to someone you don't know at a party, what would you say?A. Hi, I'm .B. May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance?C. Hi, I'd like to meet you.D. Hi, I'm . Do you know many people here?满分：2 分8. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:A. How are you related?B. Is he your...?C. Who's that woman?D. What's the relationship between you and that woman?满分：2 分9. If someone gives you directions in English so quickly that you don't understand, you might respond:（）A. " Excuse me, I'm still learning the language. Could you repeat that a little more slowly?"B. " Thank you. I appreciate your help."C. " Could you repeat that?"D. Try to repeat the direction to the person.满分：2 分10. Hsiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Brown, talks to him.Brown: Your English is quite fluent.Ma:（）A. Thank you. It's kind of you to say so.B. No, no, my English is poor.C. No, not at all.D. Oh, no, far from that. I still have a long way to go.满分：2 分11. Wei Dong met his English teacher, Dr Johns, outside the classroom.We:（）A. Hi, Dr Johns.B. Hello, teacher.C. Morning, Dr Johns.D. Good morning, teacher Johns.满分：2 分12. The （）suggests that there are different degrees of being polite.A. Conversational implicatureB. property of gradationC. Notion of faceD. feature of indeterminacy满分：2 分13. In the street a man wants to smoke a cigarette, but he has no match. He asks a stranger.A. "Got a match, mate?"B. "Would you be so kind as to give me a match?"C. "Can I borrow your fire?"D. "Excuse me, would you mind if I borrowed your match as I want to smoke?"满分：2 分14. " You are to be here by eight." The relationship between the speaker and the hearer is probablyA. teacher and student.B. husband and wife.C. sisters.D. friends.满分：2 分15. Mrs Brown has been spending the afternoon with an acquaintance, Mrs Sullivan. She has just got up to go. The hostess addresses her guest as follows:()A. Are you leaving yet?B. Are you leaving already?C. Aren't you leaving yet?# Aren't you leaving already?满分：2 分16. When someone compliments the watch you are wearing, you wouldA. say, "Thanks" and smile.B. give it to him.C. say, "Would you like to have it?"D. say, "Oh, this cheap thing? It's not worth much."满分：2 分17. How many sub-maxims are there in politeness principle?A. SixB. SevenC. FiveD. Four满分：2 分18. the maxim of quantity suggests that the （）is the strongest, or most informative that one can provide in the situation.A. information presentedB. speakingC. wordD. work满分：2 分19. Modern English began with the establishment of （）in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Tim满分：2 分20. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li: （）A. Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B. Are you going to the film?C. Where are you going?D. You're going to the film, aren't you?满分：2 分21. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:（）A. Is he your...?B. How are you related?C. Who's that woman?D. What's the relationship between you and that woman?满分：2 分22. Because language is basically culture specific, （）implicature of the same expression may vary under different cultural background.B. conversationalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分23. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li:A. Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B. Are you going to the film?C. Where are you going?D. You're going to the film, aren't you?满分：2 分24. You've just been asked out to dinner but you don't want to go with the person who invited you. You might say:A. I don't think so. I already have plans.B. No, I really don't enjoy being with you.C. I'm dieting so I mustn't go out to eat.D. Thanks a lot but I'm busy tonight.满分：2 分25. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus to catch for London Road, please?Woman:（）(He then went to another person.)A. It doesn't matter.B. Oh.C. Never mind.D. Thank you满分：2 分26. In order to understand how () principle works, we shall consider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication in the next unit.A. conventionalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分27. When you are invited for the first time to the Browns' house and offered a cup of coffee, youA. can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say, "Thank you."B. should rise and say, "Thank you."C. should make a slight rising movement.D. should rise and receive it.满分：2 分28. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?P: Ok if I smoke here?G: （）A. Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?#Can't you stay without smoking?B. It's not Ok.C. No, of course not.满分：2 分29. If you were invited to an American guest's house for dinner now, what would be the best time to arrive?（）A. 15 minutes later.B. 15 minutes earlier.C. On time.D. 1 hour earlier.满分：2 分30. Mrs Li has been having lunch with Mrs Sullivan.Mrs Li has just explained that she has to leave.Mrs S: （）A. Do you really have to go, Mrs Li? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of coffee?B. Oh, no, you can't.C. Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D. Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.满分：2 分华师14年9月《语用与交际》作业考核试题试卷总分：100 测试时间：--单选题判断题、判断题（共20 道试题，共40 分。
《英语语言学》答案完整版(可打印修改)
12. Morpheme 词素 It is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. For example, the word tourists contains three morphemes tour, -ist, and -s. 13. Immediate Constituent 直接成份 It is an approach to describe the regular structures of the language. It is designed to show constituents immediately, directly, below the level of a construction. 14. Syntax 句法；语法 The study of structure and ordering of components within a sentence. 15.semantics 语义学 The study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentence in particular. 16. Hyponymy 下义关系，上下位关系 When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another, the relationship is described as hyponymy. 17. Homonymy 同音异义 It is used when one word is written and spoken are the same while possessing different meanings. For example, the bank can be referred to a river and financial institution as well. 18.synonymy 同义 It refers to the case that two or more forms have very closely related meanings, which are often, but not always, intersubstitutable in sentence,such as broad and wide. 19. Pragmatics 语用学 The study of what the writer or speaker of those words intended to convey. 20. Synchronic 共时性，历时性 It is the case that we concentrate on variation in language in terms of differences within one language in different places and among different groups at the same time. 第一章 语言的起源 概念辨析 The “bow-wow” theory The “yo-heave-ho” theory 思考 “bow-wow”理论和“哟哦呵”理论的差异何在？ The former theory means that primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds which early men and women heard around them while‘yo-he-ho’ theory means a set of grunts, groans and curses involved in physical effort 自然声音模仿假说有什么不足之处？
华师在线网院英语语言学复习资料（考试题库）
华师在线网院英语语言学复习资料（考试题库）第一篇：华师在线网院英语语言学复习资料(考试题库)Which of the following forms a minimal pair? A.fear, pear B.tip, pit C.food, foot D.beat, bit 答案:DThe word “realization” consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/five B.five/four C.four/three D.four/four 答案:CWhich of the following best describes the relations between ―Alice is a vegetarian‖ and ―Alice prefers eating steak‖?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a free morpheme?A.understandableB.eastwardC.otherwiseD.without 答案:DWhich of the following is a directive? A.Your money or your life!B.You are fired!C.The earth is round.D.Thank you very much.答案:AHow many arguments are there in ―I‘m not feeling very well‖?A.no B.one C.three D.five 答案:BThe word ―boatel‖ is a(n)____.A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:B‘Parent‘ and ‗child‘are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites plementary synonyms 答案:CWhich of the following is the head of the phrase ‗often read science fi ctions‘? A.often B.read C.science D.fictions 答案:B ‘That is a box‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:BThe word ―DINK‖ is a(n)____.A.acronym B.blendC.clipped wordD.coined word 答案:AAround the time of their second birthday, children begin to produce ____ utterances.A.one-word B.two-word C.three-word D.four-word 答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is NOT an inflectional morpheme? A.teeth B.speaking C.taken D.chaos 答案:DThe design features of human language include the following features EXCEPT____.A.duality of structure B.genetic feature C.arbitrariness D.displacement 答案:B‘Like‘ and ‗dislike‘are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational oppositesplementary synonyms 答案:AWhich of the following is an expressive? A.The earth is a globe.B.Your money or your life!C.I‘m very grateful for your help.D.I fire you.答案:C‘Slim‘ and ‗skinny‘are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:DWhich of the following best explains the relationship between ―I like Beijing opera‖ and ―I dislike Beijing opera‖?A.inconsistencyB.anomalyC.contradictionD.entailment 答案:A /16The chief exponent of the behaviorist view of language acquisition is ____.A.Bloomfield B.Chomsky C.Saussure D.Skinner 答案:DWhich of the following is the correct componential analysis of the word ―milk‖?A.[+DRINKS-LIQUID-COUNTABLE]B.[+FOOD-SOLID+COUNTABLE]C.[+FOOD+SOLID+COUNTABLE]D.[+DRINKS+LIQUID-COUNTABLE] 答案:D‘I like both Chinese and western food‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:CWhich of the following words is NOT a coined word?A.dacronB.kodakC.xeroxD.gym 答案:DWhich of the following is a front, close and unrounded vowel?A.[u:]B.[i:]C.[u]D.[a:] 答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a derivational morpheme? rger B.data C.trainee D.Kate‘s 答案:C Which of the following underlined parts is the complement of the phrase? A.a book on biology B.play basketball C.a rainy day D.dance happily 答案:BWhich of the following is a commissive? A.I‘m really sorry to hear that.B.I will bring you the book tomorrow without fail.C.You‘d better go and see her.D.I now declare the meeting open.答案:BThe word unreliable consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.four/three B.five/two C.five/three D.three/five 答案:AWhich of the following is a declaration? A.Open the door, please.B.I appoint you chairman of the committee.C.Would you like to go to the movie with us? D.I‘ve never seen her before.答案:BThe relation between ‗furniture‘and ‗wardrobe‘is ___.A.homophony B.homography C.hyponymy D.polysemy 答案:C The word “realization” consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/five B.five/four C.four/three D.four/four 答案:C‘Handsome‘ and ‗pretty‘are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:BThe following underlined parts are termed specifier EXCEPT___? A.run quicklyB.always make mistakesC.very interestingD.the old man 答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations between ―The police stopped the minors from drinking‖ and ―The minors were drinking‖?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:DThe first consonants the child can make are made with the lips and they are ____.A.[p,b,n] B.[p,b,m] C.[t,d,n] D.[t,d,m] 答案:B How many morphemes are there in the word ―disorderly‖?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five 答案:BThe nativist view of language acquisition is held by ____.A.Bloomfield B.Chomsky C.Saussure D.Skinner / 16 答案:BWhich of the following is an aspirated consonant? A.[f] B.[s] C.[k] D.[r] 答案:CWhich of the following word does NOT belong to the open classes? A.hate B.able C.the D.rapidly 答案:C“Why don‘t you ask Mary for help?‖ is an instance of ____.A.representatives B.expressives C.directives missives 答案:CWhich of the following pairs of words are homographs?A.sew---sowB.tear(a drop of liquid that flows from the eye)---tear(to pull apart)C.tec---techD.mouth(a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)答案:BLanguage acquisition refers to the child‘s acquisition of his____.A.first language B.second language C.foreign language D.target language 答案:AWhich of the following word belongs to the open classes?A.sinceB.forC.shenguage 答案:D‘Candy‘ and ‗sweets‘are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:AHow many morphemes can we find in the word ‗internationalize‘? A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six 答案:BWhich of the following is a representative? A.You‘d better go to see a doctor.B.I promise to buy you something when I come back.C.I now declare the meeting close.D.I have never seen the man before.答案:DWhich of the following pairs of words are homophones?A.flour---flowerB.lead(to guide)---lead(a kind of metal)C.mouth(a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)D.animal---cow 答案:A‘She sings very well‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:BWhich is the feature of the sound [l]? A.palatal B.glottal C.glide D.liquid 答案:D‘True‘ and ‗false‘are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational oppositesplementary synonyms 答案:BThe words ―longer‖ and ―shorter‖ are ______ opposites.A.gradable B.ungradable C.relationalplementary 答案:CWhich of the following best describes the relations betwee n ―He is an orphan‖ and ―His parents have died‖? A.Theformer is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:A‘Mr.Brown teaches us linguistics.‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:DThe Great Wall belongs to ____ culture.A.material B.spiritualC.folkD.none of the above 答案:AInstances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____.A.pronunciation B.syntax C.vocabularyD.all of the above 答案:D / 16A linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said, therefore a linguist would NOT prefer to be a(n)____.A.observer B.judge C.analyser of facts D.recorder of facts 答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is an inflectional morpheme? A.books B.rename C.active D.sleepy 答案:A Which side(s)of muscles of ours does our left brain control?A.both left and rightB.leftC.rightD.sometimes left, sometimes right 答案:CWhich of the following is an example of overgeneralization?A.eyesB.earsC.sheepD.foots 答案:DWhich of the following is the hyponym of the word ―furniture‖? A.house B.kitchen C.article D.wardrobe 答案:D ‘Commence‘ and ‗begin‘are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:C‘It is 8 o‘clock‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:A“It‘s cold.‖ is a _____-place predication.A.no B.one C.twoD.three 答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations b etween ―He paid a visit to Japan.‖ and ―He paid a visit to East Asia.‖? A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.4 / 16答案:CThe words ―subway‖ and ―underground‖ are ______ synonyms.A.near B.dialectalC.collocationally-restrictedD.stylistic 答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme? A.relationship B.bedroom kman D.childlike 答案:AThe following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT ___.A.[d] B.[s] C.[u] D.[i:] 答案:B“Up you go, chaps!‖ belongs to ____ language.A.intimateB.frozenC.consultativeD.casual 答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations between ―Alice‘s brother is in UK.‖ and ―Alice has a brother.‖?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:DThe linguist that distinguishes three social variables(Field, Mode, Tenor)that determine the register is ____.A.Chomsky B.Halliday C.Bloomfield D.Firth 答案:BHow many syllables are there in the word ―rhythmical‖?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Ten 答案:AWhich of the following pairs of words are complete homonyms? A.flour---flowerB.lead(to guide)---lead(a kind of metal)C.heroin---horoineD.criket---criket 答案:DThe word ‗predigestion‘ is composed of two morphemes.答案:错误The words ‗flat‘ and ‗apartment‘ are stylistic synonyms.答案:错误 If Smith said to you in a supermarket, ' I am thirsty now, but I have no money with me' , then his perlocutionary act is your buying him a coca-cola.答案:正确B probably means that A should not laugh at him since they know each other, in the dialogue below: A: Are you a good student? B: Are you? 答案:正确Semantics is the study of word meaning.答案:错误Performance is the focus of Chomsky‘s linguistic study.答案:错误F.de Saussure was a Swiss linguist.答案:正确The narrowing of space between the hard palate and the front of the tongue results in the sound [j].答案:正确A phone does not necessarily distinguish meaning.答案:正确In ‗a book about ghosts‘, the complement is ‗ghosts‘.答案:错误According to Austin, ' He is a boy.' is a constative.答案:正确Sound changes tend to be systematic.答案:正确Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context of language use.答案:正确Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place.答案:错误Linguistics is scientific because it is helpful to language use.答案:错误If I said to you, ' It' s very stuffy here.' , then my illocutionary act may be asking you to switch on the air-conditioner.答案:正确B' s reply violates the maxim of quality in the dialogue below: A: Where do you live? B: In South China Normal University.答案:错误Morphology is the study of sentences.答案:错误ISBN means International Standard Book Number.答案:正确One of the most important features of bilingualism is the specialization of function of the two varieties.答案:错误/ 16Context refers to the relation between lines or paragraphs of a text.答案:错误B probably means that he doesn' t want to make any comment on the lecture, in the dialogue below: A: What do you think of the lecture?(The speech maker is coming)B: Do we have classes this evening? 答案:正确Linguistics is generally divided into general and specific linguistics.答案:错误The word ' quake' is the result of back-formation.答案:错误The word ' education' comes from Latin.答案:正确Computer language is one of the sources that have influenced the English language.答案:正确A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the deletion of the consonant at the end of a word, as in ' desk' [des].答案:正确If a child calls every man ' Daddy' , then he is over-extending the meaning of the word ' Daddy'.答案:正确The human brain is divided into two sections, the brain stem and the cerebrum.答案:正确' Do not say what you believe to be false' is a maxim of relation.答案:错误Linguistics deals with a particular language.答案:错误Sociolinguistics deals with the relation between language and society.答案:正确Writing is more basic than speech.答案:错误The word ' silly' used to mean ' happy' in Old English.答案:正确A typical example of a bilingual community is an ethnic ghetto where most of the inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.答案:正确Language plays a major role in socializing the people and perpetuating culture, especially in print form.答案:正确The sentence ' Himself saw John.' is acceptable in English.答案:错误According to Chomsky, the internalization of a set of rules about his language enables a speaker to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.答案:正确‘Teach-in‘ is a compound word.答案:正确The –s in ‗works‘of ‗He works hard.‘is a bound morpheme.答案:正确‘Mary is single.‘ is inconsistent with ‗Mary is married.‘答案:正确According to Austin, ' I bet you sixpence it will be fine this evening.' is a performative.答案:正确Details of language system are genetically transmitted.答案:错误Syntax is the study of the rules of words.答案:错误By ' He wanted me to come' , a learner produced such an incorrect sentence as ' He hoped me to come'.This constitutes the situation of cross-association.答案:错误The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.答案:正确The word ' dinner' comes from French.答案:正确People in the West End in London speak differently from the East Enders.答案:正确In English, the word ' blue' is associated with unhappy feelings.答案:正确Victor, a wild child, who was deprived of language contact for 12 years, was trained by Itard, but could only speak only two words in the end.答案:正确According to Littlewood, the first language study has served as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning.答案:正确In TG, determiner is often written as Det.答案:正确A phoneme is a phonetic unit.答案:错误The words ‗buy‘ and ‗purchase‘ are dialectal synonyms.6 / 16答案:错误Linguistics is the systematic study of language.答案:正确Parole is a French word;it means the concrete language events.答案:正确Duality of language means language is a two-level system.答案:正确English is a tone language.答案:错误In the sense set < freshman, sophomore, junior, senior> , ‗junior‘ and ‗senior‘ are co-hyponyms.答案:正确' Make your contribution as informative as required(for the current purpose of the exchange).' belongs to the maxim of quality.答案:错误About two thirds of languages in the world have not hadwritten form.答案:正确Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics.答案:正确The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system 答案:正确The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误The word ' holiday' has gone through the widening of meaning.答案:正确Accent is an important marker of sociolect.答案:正确[ei] is a monophthong.答案:错误‘His dumb boy spoke good English.‘ is a contradiction.答案:正确' The room is air-conditioned.' is an expressive.答案:错误Left-handers are generally less lateralized for language than right-handers.答案:正确If you scratch your nose with your left hand, it is the right hemisphere that has controlled the actions.答案:正确[h] is the glottal sound.答案:正确‘I have been to Beijing.‘ entails ‗I have been to North China.‘答案:正确' I fire you!' is a commissive.答案:错误Phonology studies how a sound is produced.答案:错误Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time.答案:错误The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误The term ' diglossia' was first used by Ferguson in 1959.答案:正确The pronunciation of ' this' as ' dis' is very likely to be caused by interlingual interference.答案:正确The words ‗doctor‘ and ‗patient‘ are relational synonyms.答案:正确Linguists are interested in all sounds.答案:错误Phonetics studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication.答案:错误Langue means competence.答案:错误Arbitrariness of language means language can be used freely.答案:错误N.Chomsky is an American linguist.答案:正确Different styles of the same language can be revealed through differences at syntactic, lexical and phonological levels.答案:正确It is standard practice for an English native student to greet his teacher before a lecture by saying ' Good morning, teacher!'.答案:错误Language acquisition is concerned with the acquisition of a foreign language.答案:错误Some subtle grammatical distinctions may not be mastered much before the age of ten.答案:正确There have been some 2,500 languages in the world.答案:错误[k], [g] and [n] are velar sounds.7 / 16答案:错误Tsled‘ is a possible word in English.答案:错误Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence.答案:错误The expression ' It' s me' is Not acceptable in English.答案:错误For the British people, the Chinese greeting ' Have you had dinner?' would turn into ' It' s fine today, isn' t it?'.答案:正确Such sentences as ' there are more and more people want tobe a postgraduate student' indicate the Chinese transfer errors.答案:正确Phonology is of a general nature.答案:错误The word ' mice' , which is pronounced as [mais], was pronounced as [mi:s] in Middle English.答案:正确Psycholinguistics deals with the relation of language to psychology.答案:正确The word ' meat' we use now has gone through the narrowing of meaning.答案:正确Pidgins came from a blending of a few languages.答案:正确Intercultural communication is also called cross-cultural communication.答案:正确The expression ' mummy play ball' is typical of telegraphic speech.答案:正确General linguistics does not study theories of language.答案:错误The word ' beer' comes from German.答案:正确Subjects take less time to make judgment on frequently used words than on less common words.This is called the frequency effect.答案:正确' We have never met before.' is a representative.答案:正确The use of the expressions ' to update' , ' to host' and ' to check up' indicates the influence of American English.答案:正确The Chinese ' uncle' means the same as the British ' uncle'.答案:错误It is acceptable to translate ' Every dog has his day.' into ' 每条狗都有自己的日子。
2014秋华南师范大学《英语语言学》在线作业及满分答案-更新
2014秋华南师范大学《英语语言学》在线作业及满分答案内容摘要： 1 .第2 题The nativist view of Ianguage acquisition is held by___ ABloomfieldB.ChomskyC.SaussureD.Skinner答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.5 此题得分：2.52.第3题&ldquo...1. 第2题The n ativist view of Ian guage acquisiti on is held by __ .A. BloomfieldB. ChomskyC. SaussureD. Ski nner答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.52. 第3题“ Why don' t you ask Mary for help?” is an in sta nee of _ .A. represe ntativesB. expressivesC. directivesD. commissives答案:C您的答案：C题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.53. 第4题The Great Wall bel ongs to ___ culture.A. materialB. spiritualC. folkD. none of the above答案:A您的答案：A题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.54•第5题Which of the following is a front, close and unrounded vowel?A. [u:]B. [i：]C. [u]D. [a:]答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.55. 第6题Which of the followi ng words is NOT a coined word?A. dacro nB. kodakC. xeroxD. gym答案:D您的答案： D题目分数： 2.5此题得分： 2.56. 第7题The followi ng sounds bel ong to the same n atural class EXCEPT _A. [d]B. [s]C. [u]D. [i:]答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.57. 第9题How many morphemes are there in the word “ disorderly” ?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.58. 第13题Which of the followi ng pairs of words are homoph on es?A. flour---flowerB. lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal)C. mouth (a speech orga n)---mouth(a n entrance to a cave)D. animal---cow答案:A您的答案：A题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.59. 第14题‘ Comme ncW and ‘ beg in' are __ .A. dialectal synonymsB. collocatio nal synonymsC. stylistic synonymsD. synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:C您的答案：C题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.510. 第16题The linguist that distinguishes three social variables (Field, Mode, Tenor) that determ ine the register is ___ .A. ChomskyB. HallidayC. BloomfieldD. Firth答案:B您的答案： B题目分数： 2.5此题得分：2.511.第17题The desig n features of huma n Ian guage in clude the followi ng features EXCEPT _A. duality of structureB. ge netic featureC. arbitrari nessD. displaceme nt答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.5The word “ boatel” is a(n) ____ .A. acro nymB. ble ndC. clipped wordD. coi ned word答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.513. 第19题“ Up you go, chaps” bel ongs to __ I an guage.A. i ntimateB. froze nC. c on sultativeD. casual答案:A您的答案：A题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.514 .第25题Which of the following is a declaration?A. Ope n the door, please.B. I appo int you chairma n of the committee.C. Would you like to go to the movie with us?D. I' ve never seen her before.答案:B您的答案：B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.5Around the time of their sec ond birthday, childre n beg in to produce __ uttera nces.A. on e-wordB. two-wordC. three-wordD. four-word答案:B题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.516 .第33题Which of the followi ng pairs of words are complete homony ms?A. flour---flowerB. lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal)C. heroin---horoineD. criket---criket答案:D您的答案：D题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.517 .第34题Which of the follow ing is an example of overge neralizati on?A. eyesB. earsC. sheepD. foots答案:D您的答案：D题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.518 .第37题Which of the following underlined parts is a free morpheme?A. un dersta ndableB. eastwardC. otherwiseD. without答案:D您的答案：D题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.519 .第39题The followi ng un derl ined parts are termed specifier EXCEPT _ ?A. r un quicklyB. always make mistakesC. very in teresti ngD. the old man答案:A您的答案：A题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.520 .第40题Which side(s) of muscles of ours does our left brain con trol?A. both left and rightB. leftC. rightD. sometimes left, sometimes right答案:C您的答案：C题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.521.第1题The words ‘ flat' and ‘ apartme nt' are stylistic synony ms.答案:错误您的答案：错误题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.522 .第8题Of ' reply' and ' answer' , the latter is more formal.答案:错误您的答案：错误题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.523. 第10题Victor, a wild child, who was deprived of Ian guage con tact for 12 years, was trained by Itard, but could only speak only two words in the end.答案:正确您的答案：正确题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.524. 第11题According to Littlewood, the first Ianguage study has served as a backcloth for percei ving and un dersta nding new facts about sec ond Ian guage lear ning.答案:正确您的答案：正确题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.525. 第12题Duality of Ian guage means Ian guage is a two-level system.答案:正确您的答案：正确题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.526. 第15题The word ' fridge' is a loa n word.答案:错误您的答案：错误题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.527 .第20题If Smith said to you in a supermarket, ' I am thirsty now, but I have no money with me' , the n his perlocuti onary act is your buying him a coca-cola.答案:正确您的答案：正确题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.528 .第21题In ‘a book about ghosts , the complement is 'ghosts'.答案:错误您的答案:错误题目分数:2.5此题得分:2.529 .第22题En glish is a tone Ian guage.答案:错误您的答案：错误题目分数：2.5此题得分：2.530 .第23题'鸭不吃了。
2014年华南师范大学英语学科教学专业课真题(333教育综合+907英语)(回忆版)
名词解释：1.设计教学法2.教育制度3.贝尔—兰咯斯特制4.人的全面发展5.社会规范性学习6.心理健康简单题1.简述德育原则中的教育影响一致性和连贯性的内容及其要求。
2、朱子读书法3.创造性心理的建构4.奥苏贝尔的有意义学习的本质及其要求。
论述题1.教育的相对独立性的内容和对“教育应先于社会经济发展”（教育先行）的观点进行评价。
2.现代学校教育的特征及其对人身心发展的影响。
3.杜威和赫尔巴特教育过程理论的比较。
4.科举制的影响。
2014华师的907综合英语回忆版今年的综合英语改革了，最大的特点就是增加了翻译与写作。
虽然有点措手不及，但同时又觉得很幸运，因为人文知识少了10分，由40分变为30分。
而增加的知识点大家一样都意料不到。
不管怎样，在这里，劝告师弟师妹们英语一定要尽早复习，打好基础，这是一个持久战，是个逐步量的积累的过程。
下面回忆下题目：题型：1.两篇阅读30分每篇阅读有5道选择题和一道简答题，选择题2分一道，简答题5分一道。
大家千万要注意每篇都有一个Question 2（即简答题）。
有些同学就以为是题干要求，就忽略过去了。
今年阅读第一篇讲市场与广告，第二篇是讲medical care。
2. 完型填空20分选择题（20个空，平时注意语法的积累就行）3. 改错20分20道，一道1分。
特别要注意改错跟我们的专八改错的题目要求和改法有所不同，建议大家做题时一定要看清题目。
20道题不一定是全错，有些可能是正确，这就要打勾，根据题目要求做就好了。
这次的改错很难，程度远远高于专八，我看了好几遍，找出的错误寥寥无几，所以，平时，一定要注意英语的积累与渐进性学习。
4. 人文知识40分填空题10道，1道1分。
判断题10道，1道1分。
简答题1道，10分。
人文知识几乎都是英国和美国的天下。
现在把我能回忆到的题目大概讲下，记忆已经很零散了。
今年考的文学部分还挺多，大家复习时稍微着重下。
括号外是填的答案，括号内是对题目的大概回忆。
语言学概论复习重点题目(附答案!!)
Linguistics:I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets1. ( ) The study of language as a whole is often called __________ linguistics.A. particularB. generalC. ordinaryD. generative2. ( ) __________ can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language.A. PhonesB. SoundsC. PhonemesD. Speech sounds3. ( ) The two clauses in a __________ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence.A. simpleB. completeC. complexD. coordinate4. ( ) The goal of __________ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among avariety of speech communities and indifferent social situations.A. psycholinguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguisticsD. general linguistics5. ( ) A __________ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highestposition.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle6. ( ) The open, back and long vowel is __________.A.［ɑ：］B.［ɔ：］C.［ə：］D.［u:］7. ( ) Language change is universal, continuous and, to a considerable extent __________.A. regular but not systematicB. irregular and systematicC. regular and systematicD. irregular but systematic8. ( ) A scientific study of language is based on the __________ investigation of language data.A. symbolicB. systemicC. systematicD. system9. ( ) __________ are sometimes called “semivowels”.A. vowelsB. fricativeC. glidesD. nasals10. ( ) __________ is a typical tone language.A. EnglishB. ChineseC. FrenchD. American English11. ( ) A sentence is considered __________ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind ofnative speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical12. ( ) The number of the lexical items in the minor lexical categories is __________ and no new membersare allowed for.A. largeB. smallC. limitlessD. fixed13. ( ) Human beings are the only species that learns and acquires language__________ explicit instruction.A. withB. withoutC. withinD. through14. ( ) According to F. de Saussure, __________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all themembers of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language15. ( ) Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the __________ properties of the stream of sounds which aspeaker issues.A. oralB. mentalC. physicalD. recorded16. ( ) __________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world's languages.A. PhonologyB. PhoneticsC. MorphologyD. Phonemics17. ( ) __________ transcription is really the transcription required and used by the phoneticians in theirstudy of speech sounds.A. BroadB. DetailedC. WideD. Narrow18. ( ) The word “motel”is formed via word formation rule of __________.A. clippingB. blendingC. acronymD. coinage19. ( ) If a linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct”behavior, i.e., to tell people what theyshould say and what they should not say, it is said to be __________.A. productiveB. arbitraryC. prescriptiveD. creative20. ( ) __________, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second elementreceives secondary stress.A. OrthographicallyB. PhoneticallyC. SemanticallyD. Syntactically21. ( ) __________ is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. LexicologyD. Coordination22. ( ) __________ is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words or phrases.A. AbbreviationB. AcronymC. ClippingD. Blending23. ( ) Those that affect the syntactic category and the meaning of the root as well are __________.A. stemsB. affixesC. suffixesD. prefixes.24. ( ) __________ refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixes to theroots, stems, or words.A. DerivationB. CompoundingC. BlendingD. Back formation25. ( ) Since the phonetic contrast between /k/ in the word “kill”and /k/ in the word “coal”is not adistinctive one, the two /k/-s are only __________.A. phonemesB. phonesC. segmentsD. allophones26. ( ) When /p/ and /b/ occur in the same environments and distinguish meaning, they are in __________.A. minimal pairB. minimal setC. phonemic contrastD. complementary distribution27. ( ) __________ at the end of stems can modify the meaning of the original word and in many caseschange its part of speech.A. RootsB. PrefixesC. SuffixesD. Free morphemes28. ( ) As /k/ in the word “came”and /g/ in the word “game”are said to form a distinctive opposition inEnglish, they are __________.A. soundsB. phonemesC. allophonesD. varieties29. ( ) The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __________ sounds.A. consonantalB. voicedC. vowelD. voiceless30. ( ) __________ are added to an existing form to create a word, which is a very common way to createnew words in English.A. Inflectional affixesB. Free morphemeC. Derivational affixesD. Stems31. ( ) __________ is a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires anew, sometimes related meaning.A. Semantic narrowingB. Semantic broadeningC. Semantic borrowingD. Semantic shift32. ( ) __________ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. LexicologyD. Phonetics33. ( ) Stress in English is used to __________ semantically important words.A. signalB. stand outC. identifyD. single34. ( ) __________ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.A. Sound assimilationB. Internal borrowingC. ElaborationD. Rule simplification35. ( ) A compound word consists of __________.A. two or more than two wordsB. two morphemesC. two root morphemesD. two or more morphemes36. ( ) Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords37. ( ) “alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above38. ( )The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. morphemicD. semanticII. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. English is an i__________ language.2. The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word are called p__________.3. IPA stands for International Phonetic A__________.4. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s__________ features.5. C__________ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.6. P__________ studies language in relation to the mind.7. Human capacity for language has a g______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.8. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d__________.9. P__________ is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language.10. F__________ morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.11. B__________ is a process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.12. An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutuallyintelligible. This is a case of c__________ transmission.13. C__________ distribution means that the allophones of the same phoneme always occur in differentphonetic environments.14. Affixes like “im-”, “il-”, “un-”, “-tion”, “-or”, “-hood”, are called d______ affixes.15. The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequal status, one s__________ the other.16. Modern linguistics gives priority to the s__________ form of language.17. A bound r__________ can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.18. Language is p_____ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.19. P_________ occur at the beginning of a word and suffixes at the end.20. Historical linguists are concerned with the historical d__________ of languages and the processes involvedin language change.21. Linguistics is generally defined as the s__________ study of language.22. D__________ means that language can be used to refer to things which present or not present, real orimagined matters in the past, present , or future, or in faraway places.23. The sequential order of words in a sentence suggests that the structure of a sentence is l__________.24. Lying across the glottis are the v__________ cords, which are not really cords or strings as the nameindicates, but two membranes.25. S_________ is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies the social significance of language variation andlanguage use in different speech communities including regional, ethnic and social groups.26 I__________ affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number,degree, and case.27. A d__________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.28. In terms of morphemic analysis, c__________ can be viewed as the combination of two or sometimes morethan two words to create new words.29. An acronym is a word created by combining the i__________ letters of a number of words.30 The description of a language as it changes through time is a d__________ study.31. The study of all these social aspects of language and its relation with society is known as s__________.32. O__________, a compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen in between, or as twoseparate words.33. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they arecollectively known as i__________.34. The long vowels are all t__________ vowels and the short vowels are l__________ vowels.35. A s__________ community is a group of people who form a community and share the same language or aparticular variety of language.36. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in thesame place in the strings, the two words are said to form a m__________ pair.37. Language is a system of a__________ vocal symbols used for human communication.38. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its predicate which contains a f__________ verb or averb phrase.39. Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k__________ of the rules of his language.40. The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______________ .41. M_____________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules bywhich words are formed.42. S________ can be defined as the study of meaning.43. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.44. R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.45. Words that are close in meaning are called s________.46. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h__________.47.R_________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.48. A s________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.49. A s______ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.1. ( ) Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.2. ( ) Distinctive features are the same to any language.3. ( ) One of the clauses in a coordinate sentence is subordinate to the other.4. ( ) In English and many other languages, the subject usually follows the verb and the direct object usuallyprecedes the verb.5. ( ) The most vigorous and on going change in the historical development of a language is the change in itsvocabulary.6. ( ) SLA stands for second language acquisition.7. ( ) The writing system of any language is always a later invention, used to record the speech.8. ( ) Both phonology and phonetics are studies of speech sounds.9. ( ) The root of a word is the smallest meaningful unit of language.10. ( ) Historical linguistics studies language change.11. ( ) Language is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.12. ( ) A synchronic study of language is a historical study.13. ( ) The structure of words is not governed by rules.14. ( ) Epenthesis is a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to the middle of aword.15. ( ) Language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages.16 ( ) Phonology is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all thesounds that occur in the world's languages.17. ( ) Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress andsentence stress.18. ( ) WH movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.19. ( ) Morphology and syntax study the same aspect of language.20. ( ) Stress is a relative notion; only words with two or more syllables can be said to have word stress, andmonosyllabic words can not be said to have word stress.21. ( ) Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes.22. ( ) Language change is different from the change in the grammar.23. ( ) An acronym is a shortened form of a word or phrase which represents the complete form.24. ( ) Some languages are more challenging to acquire as a native language.25. ( ) The ultimate objective of language is to create grammatically well formed sentences.26. ( ) Suffixes, in contrast with prefixes, are added to the end of stems.27. ( ) Sound assimilation refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.28. ( ) It is the property of arbitrariness that provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide rangeof things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.29. ( ) When language users use it to convey information, thoughts and feelings from one person to anotheror as an attempt to control each other's behavior, we think that language is now functioning as a means of intrapersonal communication.30. ( ) A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.31. ( ) The location of one of the suprasegmental features in English —stress does distinguish meaning.32. ( ) Most English words are closed categories because the number of the lexical items in these categoriesis fixed and no new members are allowed for, so they are known as major lexical categories.33. ( ) Language as the most important tool for human communication is both an open system and a closedsystem as well. It is closed because its forms in terms of sentences are regular, stable and context free.It is open because of its being variable, and context sensitive.34. ( ) What any individual speaker says within the same speech community is known as idiolect.35. ( ) A coordinate sentence contains two clauses which hold unequal status, that is, with one subordinatingthe other.36. ( ) It seems that with the help of language people may “think”better, and here it is believed thatlanguage is exerting its function of interpersonal communication.37. ( ) General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicablein any linguistic study.38. ( ) Languages vary in the order of the subject, the verb and the object.39. ( ) The distinction between Saussure's langue and Chomsky's competence lies in that the former is amatter of social conventions while the latter emphasizes the property of the mind of each individual.40. ( ) Words are the smallest unit of language that can not be broken down into even smaller components.41. ( ) Blending is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.42. ( ) Phonetics deals with how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning.43. ( ) Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon but not a context dependent behavior.44. ( ) There are actually many other communicative systems rather than human language that are also rulegoverned.45. ( ) Morphology is divided into three sub-branches: inflectional morphology, lexical morphology andderivational morphology.46. ( ) In some sense we may use the term diachronic linguistics instead of historical linguistics.47. ( ) The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.48. ( ) Both phonology and phonetics are studies of sound though they have different emphases.49. ( ) Generally speaking, the standard language is more effective in expressing ideas than any other dialectcoexisting with it.50. ( ) Major lexical categories are open categories.51. ( ) The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of gender markings only.52. ( ) In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spokenform for a number of reasons.53. ( ) Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.54. ( ) The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning ofa compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.55. ( ) Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English andAmerican English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.56. ( ) Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic worldof experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.57. ( ) Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.58. ( ) In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physicalworld of experience.IV. Explain the following terms briefly:1. Design feature: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.2. Synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.3. Diachronic: study of a language is carried through the course of its history.4. Prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be, i.e. laying down rules for language use.5. Descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described.6. Arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.7. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.8. Displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present in time and space, at the moment of communication.9. Creativity(创造性): one design feature of human language ,by creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its reccursiveness.10.C ompetence: competence means the language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.11. Performance: according to Chomsky, performance means the actual use of language in concrete situations.12. Langue: According to Saussure, langue refers to the linguistic competence of the speaker.13. Parole: According to Saussure, parole refers to the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances).14. Consonant: Consonants are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.15．Articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds.16．Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved.. Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. 17．Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription.18. P hone: the speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones. It’s a phonetic unit or segment.19. Phoneme: A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a phoneme. It’s a basic unit in phonological analysis. It is not any particular sound, but an abstract segment. In actual speech, a phoneme is realized phonetically as a certain phone. (the sound type in the mind) The phoneme is the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit.20. Allophone: the phones which are versions of one phoneme are referred to as the allophones of that phoneme.21. Minimal pairs: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment, which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair.22. V owel: are sound segments produced without such obstruction, so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be perceived.23. Complementary distribution: the relation between tow speech sounds that never occur in the same environment. Allophones of the same phoneme are usually in complementary distribution.24. Assimilation: a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. There are two possibilities of assimilation: if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, we call it regressive assimilation; the converse process, in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound, is know as progressive assimilation.25. Phonetics: Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world's languages. What it studies includes the organs of speech, transcription, classification of speech sounds etc.26. Intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English, which has four basic types of intonation known as the four tones: the falling tone, the rising tone, the fall-rise tone and the rise-fall tone.27. Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.28. Morpheme: The smallest meaningful components at the lowest level of a word are called morphemes, such as “man”, “-ly”, “teach” “-er”, “dark”, and “-en” in “manly”, “teacher” and “darken”. The meaning morphemes convey may be of two kinds: lexical meaning such as “man”, “-ly”, “teach”, “-er” and grammatical meaning such as “-e s”, “-ed”, and “-ing” in “teaches” “ played” and “raining”.29. Grammatical words: words expressing grammatical meanings, such conjunction, prepositions, articles and pronouns.30. Open-class: a word whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and many adverbs.31. Affix: the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme(the root or stem).32. Root: the base from of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total lass of identity.33. Compounds: Compounds are compound morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes, such as classroom, blackboard, snow-white, etc.34. Bound morpheme: an element of meaning which is structurally dependent on the world it is added to, e.g. the plural morpheme in “dog’s”35. Blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words. 36. Loanword: a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight adaptation, in some cases, to the phonological system of the new language that they enter.37. Syntax is the study of how words combine to form sentences and the rules which govern the formation of sentences.38. Constituent: a term used in structural analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a larger linguistic unit.39. Immediate constituent analysis: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups(or phrases),which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.40. Endocentric construction: one construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole. Hence an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction.41. Eexocentric construction: a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any to any of its constituents.42. Category: parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc.43. Semantics: Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning in language.44. Sense: Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de -contextualised.45. Reference:Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience46. Synonymy : Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.V. Questions:1. What are the major functions of language?Language function means the use of language to communicate, to think, etc. Language functions include informative function, interpersonal function, performative function, interpersonal function, performative function, emotive function, phatic communion, recreational function and metalingual function.2. Describe the four design features of language with examples.3. State briefly how consonants are classified.Three parameters are involved in classifying a consonant/ Consonants are classified according to the following three parameters:①place of articulation: place in the mouth where obstruction occurs: bi-labial, labio-dental, alveolar, etc②manners of articulation: ways in which articulation can be accomplished: plosive, fricative, nasal, etc③state of vocal cords: if the vocal cords vibrate or not: voiced and voiceless consonants.3. How are simple vowels classified?There are four ways to classify simple vowels:① According to the height of tongue raising: high, middle, low②According to the position of the highest part of the tongue: front, central, back③According to the shape of the lips (the degree of lip-rounding): rounded, unrounded。
英语语言学教程参考答案
英语语言学教程参考答案在英语语言学教程中，我们深入探讨了语言学的多个方面，包括语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学和心理语言学等。
以下是一些常见问题及其参考答案的概述。
一、语音学1. 问题：什么是音素？答案：音素是语言中最小的音位单位，能够区分词义。
例如，在英语中，/p/和/b/是两个不同的音素，因为它们可以改变词义，如“pat”和“bat”。
2. 问题：什么是元音和辅音？答案：元音是气流在口腔中不受阻碍时发出的声音，如英语中的/i:/（长音“ee”）。
辅音则是气流在口腔或喉部受到部分或完全阻碍时发出的声音，如/p/、/t/、/k/。
二、语法学1. 问题：什么是句子成分？答案：句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等，它们共同构成句子的基本结构。
2. 问题：什么是时态和语态？答案：时态表示动作发生的时间，如过去时、现在时和将来时。
语态则表示动作的执行者和承受者之间的关系，如主动语态和被动语态。
三、语义学1. 问题：什么是词义？答案：词义是词在特定语境中所表达的意义。
它可以是直接的（字面意义）或隐喻的（比喻意义）。
2. 问题：什么是多义词和同形异义词？答案：多义词是一个词具有多个相关意义，如“bank”可以指银行或河岸。
同形异义词则是不同的词具有相同的拼写形式，但意义不同，如“bat”可以指球棒或蝙蝠。
四、语用学1. 问题：什么是言语行为？答案：言语行为是说话者通过语言实现的交际行为，如陈述、询问、请求、命令等。
2. 问题：什么是隐喻和转喻？答案：隐喻是一种将一个概念的属性应用到另一个概念上的修辞手法，如“时间是金钱”。
转喻则是用一个事物来代表与之相关的事物，如用“白宫”来指代美国政府。
五、社会语言学1. 问题：什么是方言和社会方言？答案：方言是某一地区或社会群体特有的语言变体。
社会方言是特定社会群体使用的语言形式，如青少年群体的俚语。
2. 问题：什么是语言变体和语言接触？答案：语言变体是语言在不同地区或社会群体中的不同表现形式。
2014春华南师范大学《英国文学》在线作业及满分答案
2014春华南师范大学《英国文学》在线作业及满分答案内容摘要：英国文学1、In the late nineteenth century, modernism flourished in English literature. Unlike modern poets and novelists, mo...1、In the late nineteenth century, modernism flourished in English literature. Unlike modern poets and novelists, modem dramatists____B.did not make innovations in techniques and forms at all.2．第10题_______ by Bernard Shaw belonged to what he called “Plays Unpleasant.”D.Mrs. Warren’s Profession3．第11题The Canterbury Tales was written for the greater part in ____couplets.C.heroic4．第12题Thomas More gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society in his ___.B.Utopia5．第13题“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”This is the beginning line of ____. B.Sonnet 166．第14题Many of Wordsworth’s poems in his Lyrical Ballads were devoted to ____.ndless peasants7．第15题Much of Charles Dickens‘s youth is infused into his novel____, making it highly autobiographical.B.David Copperfield8．第16题The most controversial novel by D. H. Lawrence is ______.dy Chatterlay’s Lover9．第17题The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only ___tales.A.2410．第18题Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ___.B.Elizabeth11．第19题Pope described _____as the the wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind.B.Francis Bacon12．第20题Lord Byron work up one morning and found himself famous with the publication of his ________.D.Child Harold Pilgrimage13．第35题____ is an earnest attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the rising middle class industrialists.A.Hard Times14．第36题After Wordsworth and Southey had died, _____ succeeded to the title of poet-laureate.B.Lord Tennyson15．第37题The first completely successful novel in Virginia Woolf’s own style is __D.Mrs. Dalloway16．第38题It was ____ who made blank verse the principle vehicle o expression in drama.A.Christopher Marlowe17．第39题English Renaissance period was an age of ____.B.poetry and drama18．第40题__ cannot be a sentimentalist among the following writers.A.Jonathan Swift19．第41题The Victorian Age ________.C.saw the surge of the Chartist movement.20．第42题Virginia Wolf wrote the following except_______A.Women in Love21．第43题Virginia Woolf did notC.appreciate such novelist such as Arnold Bennett and John Galsworthy.22．第44题_____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.A.Thomas Wyatt23．第46题The greatest epic poem of the English Renaissance period was _____.B.The Fairy Queen24．第47题Defoe depicted _____as a faithful servant to Robinson Crusoe in his novel.A.Friday25．第48题“Thous wast not born for death, immortal bird!/No hungry generation tread thee down;”This immortal bird refers to ________.A.a nightingale26．第21题1. Grendel, Beowulf’s rival, was a monster half-human.答案:正确27．第22题1. In the eighteenth century English literature, the representative writers of pre-romanticism is Pope.答案:错误28．第29题1. The greatest Chartist poet was Alfred Tennyson.答案:错误29．第30题1.？？？？？The Man of Property was a landmark in the development of Thackeray’s art. The novel established his place in literature as representative of bourgeois realism in the twentieth English novel.答案:错误30．第49题1. Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece Prometheus Unbound.答案:错误31．第50题1. The greatest English playwright of the eighteenth century was Goldsmith, whose best play is The School答案:错误32．第51题1.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English romanticism at the turn of 19th century.答案:错误33．第52题1. virginia woolf ａnd james joyce belonged to the bloomsbury group, a small elite literary circle.答案:错误____, who lived in the latter half of the 7th century, wrote the poetic Paraphrase of the Bible.答案:Caedmon35．第2题？The ballads of Robin Hood gained great popularity in the second half of the ___ century.答案:fourteenth36．第3题__ gave a vivid and satirical description of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of restoration.答案:John Bunyan37．第4题牋牋？In the literary scene of the 18th century, ____ wrote the greater part of his poems in heroic couplet.答案:Alexander Pope38．第5题？？“In every cry of every man,/in every infant’s cry of fear.”This line is from the poem entitled_____.答案:London39．第6题？？The years between 1832 and the early fifty’s saw an important series of events known as the _____ movement.答案:Chartist40．第7题The second part of Tess of the D’Urbervilles has a title ____ to suggest that What hardy of his heroine, who is seduced, abandoned and finally driven to murder for which she is hanged.答案:A pure Woman___ is the founder of the “Stream of Consciousness”school of writing.答案:James Joyce42．第23题？The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls into two divisions, ____ and Christian. 答案:Pagan43．第24题？Among the Arthurian romances, Sir ___ and the Green Knight was the best known one.答案:Gawain44．第25题？The Revolution Period is also called ___, because the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak.答案:The Puritan Age45．第26题？？_________ is the allegorical protagonist character in The pilgrim’s Progress. 答案:. Christian46．第31题_______ is R. B. Sheridan’s masterpiece which has been known as a great comedy of manners.答案:School for Scandal47．第32题？The title of the novel Vanity Fair is suggestive of the namesake chapter in John Bunyan’s ____, where all sorts of vanities are on sale.答案:Pilgrim’s Progress48．第33题.___ was much concerned about the crying contradictions of bourgeois civilization and made protests against imperialism and fascism, but he believed in the possibilities of improving the conditions with a system a technocracy. ‘The Time Machine”is one of his novels.答案:H.G. Wells49．第34题“Sunset and evening star, / And one clear call to me!”This is from ___ written by Alfred Tennyson to present his placid attitude towards death.答案:Crossing the Bar50．R5.31. R5.3标准答案：Sons and Lovers2. R5.3标准答案：D. H. Lawrence3. R5.3标准答案：adulterers51．R3.21. R3.2标准答案：William Blake2. R3.2标准答案：London3. R3.2标准答案：whore52．R2.31. R2.3标准答案：Robinson Crusoe2. R2.3标准答案：Daniel Defoe3. R2.3标准答案：very cautious4. R2.3标准答案：simple, concise and vivid.53．R4.31. R4.3标准答案：Emily Bronte2. R4.3标准答案：Wuthering heights 3. R4.3标准答案：Heathcliff54．BriR1.31. R1.3标准答案：8. Merchant of Venice 2. R1.3标准答案：9. Portia3. R1.3标准答案：10. Skylock.。
2014秋华南师范大学《外国文学名著导读》在线作业及满分答案1
2014秋华南师范大学《外国文学名著导读》在线作业及满分答案内容摘要：1．第1题《罗兰之歌》通过对罗兰奋勇拼杀、战死疆场的描写所要表达的主题是（）。
A.悲观主义B.爱国主义C.自由主义D.人文主义您的答案：B 题目分数：2此题得分：2.02．第2题在古希腊三大悲剧家中，（）有“舞台上的哲学家”之称号。
A.索福克勒斯B.埃斯库罗...1．第1题《罗兰之歌》通过对罗兰奋勇拼杀、战死疆场的描写所要表达的主题是（）。
A.悲观主义B.爱国主义C.自由主义D.人文主义您的答案：B题目分数：2此题得分：2.02．第2题在古希腊三大悲剧家中，（）有“舞台上的哲学家”之称号。
A.索福克勒斯B.埃斯库罗斯C.欧里庇得斯D.阿里斯托芬您的答案：C题目分数：2此题得分：2.03．第3题戏剧（）的上演标志着浪漫主义对古典主义戏剧的胜利。
A.《九三年》B.《悲惨世界C.《海上劳工》D.《欧那尼》您的答案：D题目分数：2此题得分：2.04．第4题福克纳《喧哗与骚动》的书名来自莎士比亚戏剧（）中的一段独白。
A.《哈姆雷特》B.《麦克白》C.《罗米欧与朱丽叶》D.《李尔王》您的答案：B题目分数：2此题得分：2.05．第5题桃丽娜是()中的人物。
A.《夫人学堂》B.《恨世者》C.《醉心贵族的小市民》D.《伪君子》您的答案：D题目分数：2此题得分：2.0在古希腊三大悲剧家中，（）有“悲剧之父”之称号。
A.索福克勒斯B.埃斯库罗斯C.欧里庇得斯D.阿里斯托芬您的答案：B题目分数：2此题得分：2.07．第7题欧洲文学中第一个表现出“世纪病”特征的浪漫主义形象的是小说（）。
A.《勒内》B.《九三年》C.《阿达拉》D.《笑面人》您的答案：A题目分数：2此题得分：2.08．第8题（）是萨特的“境遇剧”的代表作。
A.《等待戈多》B.《恶心》C.《禁闭D.《莫菲》您的答案：C题目分数：2此题得分：2.09．第25题“在拉丁美洲引起了一场文学地震”的作品是（）。
语言学复习题及答案
I. Choose the best answer.1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human__________A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language—A nice day, isn’t it— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal3.__________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’sknowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole4.__________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics5. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. Psycholinguistics linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Applied linguistics6. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns areimposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice7. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme8. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones9. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as__________.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula10. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs.A. wideB. closingC. narrowD. centering11. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones12. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech soundsA. Acoustic phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the above13. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulationA. [n]B. [m]C. [ b ]D. [p]14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowelsA. [i:]B. [ u ]C. [e]D. [ i ]15. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibratingA. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant16. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words17. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational18. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six19. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems20. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. infixD. back-formation21. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. affixationB. back-formationC. insertionD. addition22. The word TB is formed in the way of __________.A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending23. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.A. blendingB. clippingC. back-formationD. acronymy24. The stem of disagreements is __________.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreement25. All of them are meaningful except for __________.A. lexemeB. phonemeC. morphemeD. allomorph26. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical27. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite28. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational29. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical30. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator31. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional32. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. all of the above.33. The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is __________.A. the cityB. RomeC. cityD. the city Rome34. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate35. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves.” is a __________ s entence.A. simpleB. coordinateC. compoundD. complex36. The naming theory is advanced by ________.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth37. “Can I borrow your bike”_______ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes38. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis39. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above40. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense41. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy42. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemiesC. hyponymsD. synonyms43. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context44. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual45. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive46. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________.A. in the late 50’s of the 20the centuryB. in the early 1950’sC. in the late 1960’sD. in the early 21st century47. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act48._____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.49.A. SyntaxB. Grammar C. MorphologyD. Morpheme50._____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units oflanguage by the linguists.A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentences51.“-s” in the word “books” is_______.52.A. a derivative affixB. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root53.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: ___ affix ____ and __bound root________.54. The theory of __________ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.55. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy56. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features57. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context58.A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual59. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive60. Which of the following is trueA. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.65. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________.A. in the late 50’s of the 20the centuryB. in the early 1950’sC. in the late 1960’sD. in the early 21st century66. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act67. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______.A. to get the hearer to do somethingB. to commit the speaker to something’s being the caseC. to commit the speaker to some future course of actionD. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs68. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ __________.A. in their illocutionary actsB. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or forceD. in their effect brought about69. __________ is advanced by Paul GriceA. Cooperative PrincipleB. Politeness PrincipleC. The General Principle of Universal GrammarD. Adjacency Principle70. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted,_______ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicatures71.The person who is often described as “father of modern linguistics” is __________..A. FirthB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Chomsky72.The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of __________.A. functionB. meaningC. signsD. system73.The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is __________.A. BoasB. SapirC. BloomfieldD. Harris74.Generally speaking, the __________ specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.A. SlotB. ClassC. RoleD. Cohesion75. __________ Grammar is the most widespread and the best understood method of discussing Indo-European languages.A. TraditionalB. StructuralC. FunctionalD. Generative76. __________ Grammar started from the American linguist Sydney M. Lamb in the late 1950s and the early 1960s.A. StratificationalB. CaseC. RelationalD. Montague77. In Halliday’s view, the __________ function is the function that the child uses to know about his surroundings.A. personalB. heuristicC. imaginativeD. informative78. The rheme in the sentence “On it stood Jane” is __________.A. On itB. stoodC. On it stoodD. Jane79.Chomsky follows __________ in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.A. empiricismB. behaviorismC. relationalismD. mentalism80. TG grammar has seen __________ stages of development.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixII. Explain the following terms, using examples.1. linguistics2. competenceCompetence: It is an essential part of perf ormance. It is the speaker’s knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.3. Synchronic linguisticsSynchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.4. Sound assimilationSound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called sound assimilation.5. AllomorphAllomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.6. phonology7. SyntaxSyntax: Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.8. referential theory9. PerformativePerformative: In speech act theory an utterance which performs an act, such as Watch out (= a warning).10. Locutionary actLocutionary act: A locutionary act is the saying of something which is meaningful and can be understood.11. phonetics12. Complementary distributionComplementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.13. displacement14. sociolinguisticssociolinguistics: Defined in its broadest way, sociolinguistics, a subdiscipline of linguistics, is the study of language in relation to society. It is concerned with language variation, language use, the impact of extra-linguistic factors on language use, etc.15 Phoneme20 assimilation21 synonymy22 semanticsIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound. T2. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation. T3. [p] is a voiced bilabial stop. F4. In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes. F5. Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations. F6. Inflection is a particular way of word-formations. F7. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. F8. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb. T9. What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge. F10. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional. T11. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all itscomponents. F12. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality. T13. “It is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument. T14. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. T15. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. F16. The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent. F17. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences F18. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. Fmade the distinction between a constative and a performative. T20. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.F21. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. F22. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms. F23. Only human beings are able to communicate. F24. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. FIV. Fill in the blanks.nguage, broadly speaking, is a means of __verbal _communication.2.Saussure put forward two important concepts. ___ _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.nguage has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is metalingual function.4.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ diachronic linguistic__. ___ study.5.Consonant sounds can be either ___voiced. ______ or __voiceless _ ___, while all vowel sounds are voiced.6.Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing __ friction ___.7.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __tongue ________ and the lips.English there are a number of _ diphthongs___, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.9. Phonemes is the smallest linguistic unit.10.Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the __ air stream __ coming from the lungs.11.Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with _ vocabulary .12.All words may be said to contain a root ___morpheme_.13.Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the _ morpheme level.14.A word formed by derivation is called a _derivative _ __, and a word formed by compounding is called a ___compound _ .15.A ___simple __ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.16.A __ subject __ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentencethat usually precedes the predicate.17.A __complex _ __ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.18.In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an _ embedded _ clause.19.Major lexical categories are __open _ __ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.20.The theory of _ _Case ____ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.21. __Semantics ___ can be defined as the study of meaning.22.The conceptualist view holds that there is no __direct ____ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.23. Reference ___ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.24. Words that are close in meaning are called __ synonyms__.25. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called homophones .26. The Prague School practiced a special style of __synchronic ________ Linguistics.27. The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between __phonetics ________ and phonology.28. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was ___J. R. Firth _______.29. Halliday’s Systemic Grammar contains a functional component, and the theory behind his Functional Grammar is __systemic ________. 30. Systemic-Functional Grammar is a(n) __sociologically________ oriented functional linguistic approach.31. Structuralism is based on the assumption that grammatical categories should be defined not in terms of meaning but in terms of ___ distribution _______.32. In the history of American linguistics, the period between 1933 and 1950 is also known as __Bloomfieldian ________ Age.33. ___Descriptivism _______ in language theories is characteristic of America.34. The starting point of Chomsky’s TG grammar is his ___innateness _______ hypothesis.35. Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements, that isa ___hypothesis-maker _______, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.V. Give the description of the following consonants and vowels in English [p] [b] [s] [z] [d] [k] [l] [t] [m] [h] [g] [j][u:] [ e ] [ : ] [ i: ] [: ] [] [: ] [ɑ: ]VI.Draw a tree diagram of the following sentences.1.The boy ate the apple.2.Mother gave a doll to my sister.3.Mother gave my sister a doll4.I read a interesting book.VII.Answer the following questions.1.The following conversational fragments is to some degree odd. Towhat extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and what extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and maximsA: When is the bus comingB: There has been an accident further up the road.Yes, B is cooperative. On the face of it, B’s statement is not an answer to A’s question. B doesn’t say “when.” However, A will immediately interpret the statement as meaning “I don’t know” or “I am not sure.” Just assume that B is being “relevant” and “informative.” Given that B’s answer contains relevant information, A can work out that “an accident further up the road” conventionally involves “traffic jam,” and “traffic jam” preludes “bus coming.” Thus, B’s answer is not simply a statement of “when the bus comes”; it contains an implicature concerning “when the bus comes.”2.Explain the following remarks with examples or make somecomments. “Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean (b) What did you mean by X”Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmatics includes the study of(1) How the interpretation and use of utterances depends on knowledge of the real world;(2) How speakers use and understand speech acts;(3) How the structure of sentences is influenced by the relationship between the speaker and the hearer.Pragmatics is sometimes contrasted with semantics, which deals with meaning without reference to the users and communicative functions of sentences.3.Can you make a brief introduction to some important schools andtheir influential representatives in modern linguistics4.How many types of morphemes are there in the English languageWhat are they5.What are endocentric construction and exocentric constructionAn endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the center, or head, of the whole. A typical example is the three small children with children as its head. The exocentric construction, opposite to the first type, is defined negatively as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents. Prepositional phrasal like on the shelf are typical examples of this type.。
英语语言学试题3及答案
英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在语言学中，研究语言结构的学科被称为：A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 结构语言学D. 应用语言学答案：C2. 语言中最小的意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C3. 下列哪项是语言的任意性特征？A. 语言的规则性B. 语言的创造性C. 语言的任意性D. 语言的稳定性答案：C4. 英语中，单词“cat”的词根是：A. catB. -catC. -cattD. ca-答案：A5. 语言的“经济性原则”指的是：A. 用最少的音位表达最多的意义B. 用最少的词汇表达最多的意义C. 用最少的句型表达最多的意义D. 用最少的语法规则表达最多的意义答案：A6. “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for communication.” 这句话中，“arbitrary”一词的意思是：A. 任意的B. 必然的C. 相关的D. 必要的答案：A7. 语言学家乔姆斯基认为，人类天生具有：A. 语言能力B. 语言知识C. 语言习惯D. 语言技巧答案：A8. 语言的“双重艺术性”指的是：A. 语言的创造性和规范性B. 语言的任意性和规约性C. 语言的表达性和接收性D. 语言的描述性和规定性答案：B9. 下列哪个选项不是语言的功能？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 社会控制D. 艺术创作答案：D10. 在英语中，单词“university”的词缀“uni-”表示：A. 一B. 多C. 不D. 再答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的三个主要分支是语音学、__________和句法学。
答案：语法学2. 根据语言的起源，语言学可以分为历史语言学和__________语言学。
答案：比较3. 语言的“规约性”指的是语言符号的__________。
答案：约定性4. 在语言学中，研究语言在社会中的功能和影响的学科被称为__________语言学。
(答案)英语语言学复习资料
RevisionI. Multiple choices.1. _C_________ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords.A. StressesB. VoicingsC. TonesD. Intonations2. ______C____ plays the performative function.A. Hello, do you hear me?B. You’d better go to the clinic.C. Can’t you see people are dying?D. What a blessing!3. The ____B______ nature of language explains the symbolic nature of language: words are just symbols; they are associated with objects, actions, ideas, etc. by convention.A. dualityB. arbitraryC. productivityD. displacement4. The two words petrol and gasoline are ___A_______.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. synonyms that differ in their emotive meaningD. collocative synonyms5. _____C_____ is not a design feature of language.A. ArbitrarinessB. CreativityC. CommunicabilityD. Duality6. Syntactic deep structure was developed to _______B___.A. explain relations between sentences with the same meaningB. explain a single sentence with more than one meaningC. explain relations between sentences with different meaningsD. both A and B7. Promises and offers are characteristic of the group of ____C______ of illocutionary acts.A. representativesB. declarativesC. commissivesD. expressives8. –ish in the word boyish is _______D___.A. a free morphemeB. a rootC. a stemD. an affix9. ____D______ does NOT belong to semantic changes.A. BroadeningB. BorrowingC. NarrowingD. Class shift10. The two words suite and sweet are ______D____.A. hyponymsB. relational antonymsC. homographsD. Homophones11. According to ____A______ rule, the word sign should pronounced as [saIn].A. deletionB. sequentialC. assimilationD. suprasegmental12. What essentially distinguishes semantics from pragmatics is ______A____.A. whether in the study of the meaning the context of use is consideredB. whether it studies the meaning or notC. whether it studies how the speakers use language to effect communicationD. whether it is a branch of linguistics13. The sentence John likes linguistics, but Mary is interested in history is a __B________.A. simple sentenceB. coordinated sentenceC. complex sentenceD. clause14. _____C_____ is an error caused by negative transfer..A. goedB. comedC. footsD. He tomorrow come15. In general, linguistic change in ___D_______ of a language is the more noticeable than in other systems of the grammar.A. the sound systemB. the vocabularyC. the syntaxD. the sound system and the vocabulary16. ____D______ manifests various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree and case.A. RootsB. StemsC. Derivational affixesD. Inflectional affixesII. Blank-filling.1. ___ register _______ is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular type of language and its context of use.2. One of the design features termed as ___displacement_______ means that human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.3. Foreign language learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning the foreign language and this is called language ___transfer _______.4. In injustice and imperfect, in- and im- are supposed to be the __affix_______ of the same morpheme.5. Chomsky defines _competence_________ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.6. Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: argument____ and predicate__________.7. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an __utterance______.8. If you tell someone the time instead of the price that is inquired by the person, you violate the maxim of___relation_______.9. The experience and his study of Hopi, an American Indian language, helped Whorf develop his unique understanding of linguistic _relativity_________, which is widely known as the SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESE.10. Evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere of the brain comes fromresearches in __dichotic________ listening tasks.11. __Componential________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.12. Transformational rules are those rules which relate or transform _deep structure_________ of a sentence into __surface structure________.13. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech community________.14. _ Interpersonal_________ function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addresser’s attitude toward what he speaks or writes about.15. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “_voicing_________”.16. The ultimate objective of language is not just to create grammatically well-formed sentences, but to convey __meaning________.17. Those morphemes that can not be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called __bound________ morphemes.18. _ Reference_________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience.19. The notion of __ context________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.20. John believes (that the airplane was invented by an Irishman). The part in the bracket is a __ complement________ clause.III. True or False.1. A root is not always a free form.2. Behaviorism in linguistics holds that children learn language through a chain of stimulus-response reinforcement.3. The idea of doing something while speaking can certainly be broadened to include all the non-conventional acts such as stating, promising, requesting, and suggestion.4. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time would be a diachronic study.5. The creativity of language originates from duality because by duality the speaker is able to combine the basic linguistic units to form an infinite set of sentences.6. The examples of semantic narrowing include wife, girl, fowl and bird.7. There is no absolute synonymy.8. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further analyzed.9. Consciously or unconsciously, people’s social background exerts a shaping influence on their choice of linguistic features that are appropriate to their social identities.10. In the transformation of the sentence He doesn’t sleep well, do insertion comes first.IV. Definition1.categoryIt refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.plementary distributionallophones of the same phoneme and they don’t distinguish meaning but complement each other in distribution.3.contrastive analysisa method of analyzing languages for instructional purposes whereby a native language and target language are compared with a view to establishing points of difference likely to cause difficulties for learners.4.conversational implicatureThe use of conversational maxims to imply meaning during conversation.5. Cooperative PrincipleThe principle that the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate in making conversation, otherwise, it would be impossible to carry on the talk.6.the critical period hypothesisThe critical period Hypothesis：says that there is a period when language acquisition can take place naturally and effortlessly, but that after a certain age the brain is no longer able to process language input in this way.7. displacementDisplacement means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of conversation.8. entailmentthe relationship between two sentences where the truth of one is inferred from the truth of the other.9. illocutionary actThe act of expressing the speaker’s in tention and performed in saying something.10. negative transferthe mistaken transfer of features of one’s native language into a second language.V. Discussion1. Describe with examples the classification of morphemes.2. Describe the major ways of word formation with some examples.3. Describe major sense relations with examples.4. What are the three metafunctions proposed by Halliday?5. What does Chomsky mean by Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?In Chomsky's Innateness Hypothesis, it is held that, in human brain, there is innate UniversalGrammar which lies in one part of human brain called language acquisition device (LAD).6. What category/ categories of CP does the following exchange violate?A: Are you going to use your laptop this evening?B: I h aven’t finished my assignment yet.7. Distinguish the following case of ambiguity by tree diagrams.Sentence: The magician touched the child with the wand.。
（完整word版）语言学复习题及答案
（完整word版）语言学复习题及答案I. Choose the best answer.1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human__________A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?—A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal3. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole4. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics5. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropological linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Applied linguistics6. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice7. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme8. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones9. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as__________.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula10. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs.A. wideB. closingC. narrowD. centering11. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones12. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the above13. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [ b ]D. [p]14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [ u ]C. [e]D. [ i ]15. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant16. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words17. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational18. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six19. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems20. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. infixD. back-formation21. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. affixationB. back-formationC. insertionD. addition22. The word TB is formed in the way of __________.A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending23. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.A. blendingB. clippingC. back-formationD. acronymy24. The stem of disagreements is __________.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreement25. All of them are meaningful except for __________.A. lexemeB. phonemeC. morphemeD. allomorph26. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical27. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite28. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational29. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical30. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator31. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional32. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. all of the above.33. The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is __________.A. the cityB. RomeC. cityD. the city Rome34. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate35. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves.” is a __________ sentence.A. simpleB. coordinateC. compoundD. complex36. The naming theory is advanced by ________.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth37. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes38. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis39. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above40. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense41. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy42. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemiesC. hyponymsD. synonyms43. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context44. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual45. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive46. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________.A. in the late 50’s of the 20the centuryB. in the early 1950’sC. in the late 1960’sD. in the early 21st century47. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from sayingsomething; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act48._____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.49.A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme50. _____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units oflanguage by the linguists.A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentences51.“-s” in the word “books” is _______.52.A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root53. Bound morphemes are classified into two types: ___ affix ____ and __bound root________.54. The theory of __________ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.55. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy56. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features57. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context58. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual59. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive60. Which of the following is true?A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.65. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________.A. in the late 50’s of the 20the centuryB. in the early 1950’sC. in the late 1960’sD. in the early 21st century66. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act67. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______.A. to get the hearer to do somethingB. to commit the speaker to something’s bei ng the caseC. to commit the speaker to some future course of actionD. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs68. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ __________.A. in their illocutionary actsB. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or forceD. in their effect brought about69. __________ is advanced by Paul GriceA. Cooperative PrincipleB. Politeness PrincipleC. The General Principle of Universal GrammarD. Adjacency Principle70. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicatures71. Th e person who is often described as “father of modern linguistics” is __________..A. FirthB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Chomsky72. The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of __________.A. functionB. meaningC. signsD. system73. The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is __________.A. BoasB. SapirC. BloomfieldD. Harris74. Generally speaking, the __________ specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.A. SlotB. ClassC. RoleD. Cohesion75. __________ Grammar is the most widespread and the best understood method of discussing Indo-European languages.A. TraditionalB. StructuralC. FunctionalD. Generative76. __________ Grammar started from the American linguist Sydney M. Lamb in the late 1950s and the early 1960s.A. StratificationalB. CaseC. RelationalD. Montague77. In Halliday’s view, the __________ function is the function that the child uses to know about his surroundings.A. personalB. heuristicC. imaginativeD. informative78. The rheme in the sentence “On it stood Jane” is __________.A. On itB. stoodC. On it stoodD. Jane79. Chomsky follows __________ in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.A. empiricismB. behaviorismC. relationalismD. mentalism80. TG grammar has seen __________ stages of development.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixII. Explain the following terms, using examples.1. linguistics2. competenceCompetence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speaker’s knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generallyunconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.3. Synchronic linguisticsSynchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.4. Sound assimilationSound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called soundassimilation.5. AllomorphAllomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.6. phonology7. SyntaxSyntax: Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.8. referential theory9. PerformativePerformative: In speech act theory an utterance which performs an act, such as Watch out (= a warning).10. Locutionary actLocutionary act: A locutionary act is the saying of something which is meaningful and can be understood.11. phonetics12. Complementary distributionComplementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.13. displacement14. sociolinguisticssociolinguistics: Defined in its broadest way, sociolinguistics, a subdiscipline of linguistics, is the study of language in relation to society. It is concerned with language variation, language use, the impact of extra-linguistic factors on language use, etc.15 Phoneme20 assimilation21 synonymy22 semanticsIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound. T2. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation. T3. [p] is a voiced bilabial stop. F4. In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes. F5. Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations. F6. Inflection is a particular way of word-formations. F7. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. F8. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb. T9. What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge. F 10. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional. T11. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components. F12. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality. T13. “It is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument. T14. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. T15. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. F16. The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent. F17. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences F18. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. F19.Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. T20. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.F21. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. F22. All the languages in the world today have both spoken andwritten forms. F23. Only human beings are able to communicate. F24. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. F IV. Fill in the blanks.1. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __verbal _communication.2. Saussure put forward two important concepts. ___ _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members ofa speech community.3. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is metalingual function.4. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ diachronic linguistic__. ___ study.5. Consonant sounds can be either ___voiced. ______ or __voiceless _ ___, while all vowel sounds are voiced.6. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing __ friction ___.7. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __tongue ________ and the lips.8.In English there are a number of _diphthongs___, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another throughintervening positions.9. Phonemes is the smallest linguistic unit.10. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the __ air stream __ coming from the lungs.11. Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with _ vocabulary .12. All words may be said to contain a root ___morpheme_.13. Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the _ morpheme level.14. A word formed by derivation is called a _derivative _ __, and a word formed by compounding is called a ___compound _ .15. A ___simple __ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 16.A __ subject __ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence thatusually precedes the predicate.17. A __complex _ __ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.18. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an _ embedded _ clause.19. Major lexical categories are __open _ __ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.20. The theory of _ _Case ____ condition explains the fact that nounphrases appear only in subject and object positions.21. __Semantics ___ can be defined as the study of meaning.22. The conceptualist view holds that there is no __direct ____ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.23. Reference ___ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.24. Words that are close in meaning are called __ synonyms__.25. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called homophones .26. The Prague School practiced a special style of __synchronic ________ Linguistics.27. The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between __phonetics ________ and phonology.28. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was ___J. R. Firth _______.29. Halliday’s Systemic Grammar contains a f unctional component, and the theory behind his Functional Grammar is __systemic ________. 30. Systemic-Functional Grammar is a(n) __sociologically________ oriented functional linguistic approach.31. Structuralism is based on the assumption that grammatical。
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2014春华南师范大学《英语语言学》复习资料及满分答案内容摘要：Which of the following forms a minimal pair?A.fear, pearB.tip, pitC.food, footD.beat, bit答案:DThe word "realization" consists of __...Which of the following forms a minimal pair?A.fear, pearB.tip, pitC.food, footD.beat, bit答案:DThe word "realization" consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/fiveB.five/fourC.four/threeD.four/four答案:CWhich of the following best describes the relations between “Alice is a vegetarian” and “Alice prefers eating steak”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a free morpheme?A.understandableB.eastwardC.otherwiseD.without答案:DWhich of the following is a directive?A.Your money or your life!B.You are fired!C.The earth is round.D.Thank you very much.答案:AHow many arguments are there in “I’m not feeling very well”?A.noB.oneC.threeD.five答案:BThe word “boatel” is a(n) ____.A.acronymB.blendC.clipped wordD.coined word答案:B‘Parent’ and ‘child’ are ___.A.gradable antonymsB.ungradable oppositesC.relational oppositesplementary synonyms答案:CWhich of the following is the head of the phrase ‘often read sciencefictions’?A.oftenB.readC.scienceD.fictions答案:B‘That is a box’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:BThe word “DINK” is a(n) ____.A.acronymB.blendC.clipped wordD.coined word答案:AAround the time of their second birthday, children begin to produce ____ utterances.A.one-wordB.two-wordC.three-wordD.four-word答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is NOT an inflectional morpheme?A.teethB.speakingC.takenD.chaos答案:DThe design features of human language include the following features EXCEPT____.A.duality of structureB.genetic featureC.arbitrarinessD.displacement答案:B‘Like’ and ‘dislike’ are ___.A.gradable antonymsB.ungradable oppositesC.relational oppositesplementary synonyms答案:AWhich of the following is an expressive?A.The earth is a globe.B.Your money or your life!C.I’m very grateful for your help.D.I fire you.答案:C‘Slim’ and ‘skinny’ are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:DWhich of the following best explains the relationship between “I like Beijing opera” and “I dislike Beijing opera”?A.inconsistencyB.anomalyC.contradictionD.entailment答案:AThe chief exponent of the behaviorist view of language acquisition is ____.A.BloomfieldB.ChomskyC.SaussureD.Skinner答案:DWhich of the following is the correct componential analysis of the word “milk”?A.[+DRINKS-LIQUID-COUNTABLE]B.[+FOOD-SOLID+COUNTABLE]C.[+FOOD+SOLID+COUNTABLE]D.[+DRINKS+LIQUID-COUNTABLE]答案:D‘I like both Chinese and western food’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:CWhich of the following words is NOT a coined word?A.dacronB.kodakC.xeroxD.gym答案:DWhich of the following is a front, close and unrounded vowel?A.[u:]B.[i:]C.[u]D.[a:]答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a derivational morpheme?rgerB.dataC.traineeD.Kate’s答案:CWhich of the following underlined parts is the complement of the phrase?A.a book on biologyB.play basketballC.a rainy dayD.dance happily答案:BWhich of the following is a commissive?A.I’m really sorry to hear that.B.I will bring you the book tomorrow without fail.C.You’d better go and see her.D.I now declare the meeting open.答案:BThe word unreliable consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.four/threeB.five/twoC.five/threeD.three/five答案:AWhich of the following is a declaration?A.Open the door, please.B.I appoint you chairman of the committee.C.Would you like to go to the movie with us?D.I’ve never seen her before.答案:BThe relation between ‘furniture’ and ‘wardrobe’ is ___.A.homophonyB.homographyC.hyponymyD.polysemy答案:CThe word "realization" consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/fiveB.five/fourC.four/threeD.four/four答案:C‘Handsome’ and ‘pretty’ are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:BThe following underlined parts are termed specifier EXCEPT___?A.run quicklyB.always make mistakesC.very interestingD.the old man答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations between “The police stopped the minors from drinking” and “The minors were drinking”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:DThe first consonants the child can make are made with the lips and they are ____.A.[p,b,n]B.[p,b,m]C.[t,d,n]D.[t,d,m]答案:BHow many morphemes are there in the word “disorderly”?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five答案:BThe nativist view of language acquisition is held by ____.A.BloomfieldB.ChomskyC.SaussureD.Skinner答案:BWhich of the following is an aspirated consonant?A.[f]B.[s]C.[k]D.[r]答案:CWhich of the following word does NOT belong to the open classes?A.hateB.ableC.theD.rapidly答案:C“Why don’t you ask Mary for help?” is an instance of ____.A.representativesB.expressivesC.directivesmissives答案:CWhich of the following pairs of words are homographs?A.sew---sowB.tear(a drop of liquid that flows from the eye)---tear (to pull apart)C.tec---techD.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)答案:BLanguage acquisition refers to the child’s acquisition of his ____.A.first languageB.second languageC.foreign languageD.target language答案:AWhich of the following word belongs to the open classes?A.sinceB.forC.shenguage答案:D‘Candy’ and ‘sweets’ are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:AHow many morphemes can we find in the word ‘internationalize’?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six答案:BWhich of the following is a representative?A.You’d better go to see a doctor.B.I promise to buy you something when I come back.C.I now declare the meeting close.D.I have never seen the man before.答案:DWhich of the following pairs of words are homophones?A.flour---flowerB.lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal)C.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)D.animal---cow答案:A‘She sings very well’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:BWhich is the feature of the sound [l]?A.palatalB.glottalC.glideD.liquid答案:D‘True’ and ‘false’ are ___.A.gradable antonymsB.ungradable oppositesC.relational oppositesplementary synonyms答案:BThe words “longer” and “shorter” are ______ opposites.A.gradableB.ungradableC.relationalplementary答案:CWhich of the following best describes the relations between “He is an orphan” and “His parents have died”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:A‘Mr. Brown teaches us linguistics.’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:DThe Great Wall belongs to ____ culture.A.materialB.spiritualC.folkD.none of the above答案:AInstances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____.A.pronunciationB.syntaxC.vocabularyD.all of the above答案:DA linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said, therefore a linguist would NOT prefer to be a(n) ____.A.observerB.judgeC.analyser of factsD.recorder of factsWhich of the following underlined parts is an inflectional morpheme?A.booksB.renameC.activeD.sleepy答案:AWhich side(s) of muscles of ours does our left brain control?A.both left and rightB.leftC.rightD.sometimes left, sometimes right答案:CWhich of the following is an example of overgeneralization?A.eyesB.earsC.sheepD.foots答案:DWhich of the following is the hyponym of the word “furniture”?A.houseB.kitchenC.articleD.wardrobe答案:D‘Commence’and ‘begin’are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning‘It is 8 o’clock’is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:A“It’s cold.”is a _____-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations between “He paid a visit to Japan.”and “He paid a visit to East Asia.”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:CThe words “subway”and “underground”are ______ synonyms.A.nearB.dialectalC.collocationally-restrictedD.stylistic答案:BWhich of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme?A.relationshipB.bedroomkmanD.childlike答案:AThe following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT ___.A.[d]B.[s]C.[u]D.[i:]答案:B“Up you go, chaps!”belongs to ____ language.A.intimateB.frozenC.consultativeD.casual答案:AWhich of the following best describes the relations between “Alice’s brother is in UK.”and “Alice has a brother.”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:DThe linguist that distinguishes three social variables (Field, Mode, Tenor) that determine the register is ____.A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Firth答案:BHow many syllables are there in the word “rhythmical”?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Ten答案:AWhich of the following pairs of words are complete homonyms?A.flour---flowerB.lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal)C.heroin---horoineD.criket---criket答案:DThe word ‘predigestion’is composed of two morphemes.答案:错误The words ‘flat’and ‘apartment’are stylistic synonyms.答案:错误If Smith said to you in a supermarket, ' I am thirsty now, but I have no money with me' , then his perlocutionary act is your buying him a coca-cola.答案:正确B probably means that A should not laugh at him since they know each other, in the dialogue below: A: Are you a good student? B: Are you?答案:正确Semantics is the study of word meaning.答案:错误Performance is the focus of Chomsky’s linguistic study.答案:错误F. de Saussure was a Swiss linguist.答案:正确The narrowing of space between the hard palate and the front of the tongue results in the sound [j].答案:正确A phone does not necessarily distinguish meaning.答案:正确In ‘a book about ghosts’, the complement is ‘ghosts’.答案:错误According to Austin, ' He is a boy.' is a constative.答案:正确Sound changes tend to be systematic.答案:正确Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context of language use.答案:正确Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place.答案:错误Linguistics is scientific because it is helpful to language use.答案:错误If I said to you, ' It' s very stuffy here.' , then my illocutionary act may be asking you to switch on the air-conditioner.答案:正确B' s reply violates the maxim of quality in the dialogue below: A: Where do you live? B: In South China Normal University.答案:错误Morphology is the study of sentences.答案:错误ISBN means International Standard Book Number.答案:正确One of the most important features of bilingualism is the specialization of function of the two varieties.答案:错误Context refers to the relation between lines or paragraphs of a text.答案:错误B probably means that he doesn' t want to make any comment on the lecture, in the dialogue below: A: What do you think of the lecture? (The speech maker is coming) B:Do we have classes this evening?答案:正确Linguistics is generally divided into general and specific linguistics.答案:错误The word ' quake' is the result of back-formation.答案:错误The word ' education' comes from Latin.答案:正确Computer language is one of the sources that have influenced the English language. 答案:正确A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the deletion of the consonant at the end of a word, as in ' desk' [des].答案:正确If a child calls every man ' Daddy' , then he is over-extending the meaning of the word ' Daddy' .答案:正确The human brain is divided into two sections, the brain stem and the cerebrum.答案:正确' Do not say what you believe to be false' is a maxim of relation.答案:错误Linguistics deals with a particular language.答案:错误Sociolinguistics deals with the relation between language and society.答案:正确Writing is more basic than speech.答案:错误The word ' silly' used to mean ' happy' in Old English.答案:正确A typical example of a bilingual community is an ethnic ghetto where most of the inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.Language plays a major role in socializing the people and perpetuating culture, especially in print form.答案:正确The sentence ' Himself saw John.' is acceptable in English.答案:错误According to Chomsky, the internalization of a set of rules about his language enables a speaker to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.答案:正确‘Teach-in’is a compound word.答案:正确The –s in ‘works’of ‘He works hard.’is a bound morpheme.答案:正确‘Mary is single.’is inconsistent with ‘Mary is married.’答案:正确According to Austin, ' I bet you sixpence it will be fine this evening.' is a performative. 答案:正确Details of language system are genetically transmitted.答案:错误Syntax is the study of the rules of words.答案:错误By ' He wanted me to come' , a learner produced such an incorrect sentence as ' He hoped me to come' . This constitutes the situation of cross-association.答案:错误The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.答案:正确The word ' dinner' comes from French.答案:正确People in the West End in London speak differently from the East Enders.In English, the word ' blue' is associated with unhappy feelings.答案:正确Victor, a wild child, who was deprived of language contact for 12 years, was trained by Itard, but could only speak only two words in the end.答案:正确According to Littlewood, the first language study has served as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning.答案:正确In TG, determiner is often written as Det.答案:正确A phoneme is a phonetic unit.答案:错误The words ‘buy’and ‘purchase’are dialectal synonyms.答案:错误Linguistics is the systematic study of language.答案:正确Parole is a French word; it means the concrete language events.答案:正确Duality of language means language is a two-level system.答案:正确English is a tone language.答案:错误In the sense set < freshman, sophomore, junior, senior> , ‘junior’and ‘senior’are co-hyponyms.答案:正确' Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purpose of the exchange).' belongs to the maxim of quality.答案:错误About two thirds of languages in the world have not had written form.Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics.答案:正确The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system答案:正确The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误The word ' holiday' has gone through the widening of meaning.答案:正确Accent is an important marker of sociolect.答案:正确[ei] is a monophthong.答案:错误‘His dumb boy spoke good English.’is a contradiction.答案:正确' The room is air-conditioned.' is an expressive.答案:错误Left-handers are generally less lateralized for language than right-handers.答案:正确If you scratch your nose with your left hand, it is the right hemisphere that has controlled the actions.答案:正确[h] is the glottal sound.答案:正确‘I have been to Beijing.’entails ‘I have been to North China.’答案:正确' I fire you!' is a commissive.答案:错误Phonology studies how a sound is produced.Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time.答案:错误The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误The term ' diglossia' was first used by Ferguson in 1959.答案:正确The pronunciation of ' this' as ' dis' is very likely to be caused by interlingual interference.答案:正确The words ‘doctor’and ‘patient’are relational synonyms.答案:正确Linguists are interested in all sounds.答案:错误Phonetics studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication.答案:错误Langue means competence.答案:错误Arbitrariness of language means language can be used freely.答案:错误N. Chomsky is an American linguist.答案:正确Different styles of the same language can be revealed through differences at syntactic, lexical and phonological levels.答案:正确It is standard practice for an English native student to greet his teacher before a lecture by saying ' Good morning, teacher!' .答案:错误Language acquisition is concerned with the acquisition of a foreign language.Some subtle grammatical distinctions may not be mastered much before the age of ten. 答案:正确There have been some 2,500 languages in the world.答案:错误[k], [g] and [n] are velar sounds.答案:错误Tsled’is a possible word in English.答案:错误Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence.答案:错误The expression ' It' s me' is Not acceptable in English.答案:错误For the British people, the Chinese greeting ' Have you had dinner?' would turn into ' It' s fine today, isn' t it?' .答案:正确Such sentences as ' there are more and more people want to be a postgraduate student' indicate the Chinese transfer errors.答案:正确Phonology is of a general nature.答案:错误The word ' mice' , which is pronounced as [mais], was pronounced as [mi:s] in Middle English.答案:正确Psycholinguistics deals with the relation of language to psychology.答案:正确The word ' meat' we use now has gone through the narrowing of meaning.答案:正确Pidgins came from a blending of a few languages.Intercultural communication is also called cross-cultural communication.答案:正确The expression ' mummy play ball' is typical of telegraphic speech.答案:正确General linguistics does not study theories of language.答案:错误The word ' beer' comes from German.答案:正确Subjects take less time to make judgment on frequently used words than on less common words. This is called the frequency effect.答案:正确' We have never met before.' is a representative.答案:正确The use of the expressions ' to update' , ' to host' and ' to check up' indicates the influence of American English.答案:正确The Chinese ' uncle' means the same as the British ' uncle' .答案:错误It is acceptable to translate ' Every dog has his day.' into ' 每条狗都有自己的日子。