初中英语构词法汇总及练习

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(完整版)英语构词法练习题基础篇

(完整版)英语构词法练习题基础篇

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习A:名词后加“y”变成形容词sun---_________( ) wind -—-__________() cloud ——-__________()rain -——________( ) snow --—__________() fun-——__________( ) health —-—________()noise -——__________( )salt—-—__________( )luck -—-__________() sleep ———__________( ) sand -——__________( )B:名词后加“—ful" “—less”变成形容词care -——__________()__________()use--—__________( )__________( )colour---__________()_________( ) help-—-__________( )__________( )hope ---__________()__________( ) harm —-—__________( )__________( )success-—-________( ) wonder———_______( ) peace—-—__________()sleep ———__________( ) home-——__________( ) value———__________()C: 名词后加“—ern”变成形容词east—-—______( )west --—_______()south—-—_______( ) north—--__________( )D: 名词后加“-al"变成形容词person——-__________()education-——__________()tradition———__________( ) medicine--—__________() music —-—__________()nature--—__________( )E: 名词后加“—ly”变成形容词friend-——___________( ) love-——___________( ) week-—-__________( ) F:名词后加“——ous”变成形容词danger——-___________( ) mystery-—-___________( ) fame-—-__________( ) G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool——-___________( ) wood-——___________( ) gold--—__________()H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy——-___________( ) athlete——-___________( ) hunger--—___________() pride-——___________( ) death——-___________() science-——___________()knowledge---___________( )anger—--___________( )Africa---___________() America—-—___________( ) Asia—-—___________( ) Australia--—___________()I:动词变名词①work-——________(工作者) sing—-—________(歌手) teach-—-_________(教师)drive---_________(司机) write--—________(作家) dance———_________(舞蹈家)win——-_________(获胜者) run-—-___________(赛跑者) swim———_________(游泳者)act---_________(演员) collect---__________(收藏家) direct-—-___________(主管)visit———_________(参观者) invent-—-_________(发明家) translate-—-_______ _(翻译家)②educate--—___________(教育) describe-—-___________(描述) predict---___________(预言) collect—--___________(收藏) invent---___________(发明) build-—-___________(建筑物)③mean—-—___________(意思) meet———___________(会议) cross--—___________(路口)turn—-—___________(转弯处) decide---___________(决定) die———___________(死亡)④fly—--___________(飞行) know——-___________(知识) please——-___________(高兴)pronounce--—___________(发音) mix—-—___________(混合物)J:形容词的两种形式—ing/—edplease—-—___________(令人高兴的)---___________(感到高兴的)surprise-—-___________(令人惊讶的的) ---___________(感到惊讶的)excite———___________(令人兴奋的)—-—___________(感到兴奋的)interest—-—___________(令人感兴趣的)---___________(感兴趣的)worry———___________(令人担忧的) ---___________(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等K: 形容词的变化a: 形容词变副词。

初中英语构词法汇总及练习

初中英语构词法汇总及练习

初中英语构词法汇总及练习一。

概念 英语的构词法主要有:转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二。

相关知识点精讲1.转化法 英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如:① Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________ ②He is a man of strong build。

______________________________ 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如:① Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________?②Please hand me the book。

____________________________________。

③She nursed her husband back to health。

______________________________。

④We lunched together。

__________________________________。

3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

例如: We will try our best to better our life。

___________________________________。

4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如: Murder will out。

初中英语中考复习构词法讲解(合成法+派生法+转化法)

初中英语中考复习构词法讲解(合成法+派生法+转化法)

中考英语构词法1.合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。

2.派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。

加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀,前缀改变词意,后缀改变词性。

【注意】形容词+-ly构成副词real- really,usual-usually,final- finally名词+-ly构成形容词friend-friendlylove-lovely3.转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类。

单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。

(1)名词转化为动词show(n.)展览展示→show (v.) 表演展出hand(n.)手→ hand (v.)交给water(n.) 水→water (v.) 浇水colour(n.) 颜色→colour (v.) 给……着色(2)形容词转化为动词slow(adj.) 慢的→ slow(v.) 放慢clean (adj.) 干净的→clean (v.) 把……弄干净dry (adj.) 干的→ dry (v.) 使……变干empty (adj.) 空的→empty (v.) 使……变空(3)动词转化为名词walk(v.)步行→ walk (n.) 散步look (v.) 看→look (n.) 相貌常见的词型变化A.名词后加“y”变成形容词1.sun—sunny2.wind—windy3.cloud—cloudy4.rain—rainy5.snow—snowy6.fun—funny7.noise—noisy8.ice—icyB.名词后加“-ful”或“-less”变成形容词1.care—careful(小心的)—careless(粗心的)e—useful(有用的)—useless(无用的)3.help-helpful(有帮助的)-helpless(无帮助的)4.harm-harmful(有害的)-harmless(无害的)C. 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词1.east—eastern(东方的)2.west—western(西方的)3.south—southern(南方的)4.north—northern(北方的)D.名词后加“-al”变成形容词1.person—personal (个人的)cation—educational(有教育意义的)3.tradition—traditional(传统的)4.medicine—medical(医学的)E.名词后加“-ed”或“d”变成形容词1.talent—talented(有才能的)2.balance—balanced(均衡的)H.名词后加“-en”变成形容词1.wool—woollen(羊毛的)2.wood—wooden(木制的)I.名词转化为形容词的不规则变化1.energy—energetic (有活力的)2.athlete—athletic(体育运动的)3.hunger—hungry (饥饿的)4.pride—proud(自豪的)5.death—dead (死的)6.science—scientific (科学的)7.knowledge—knowledgeable (有知识的)8.anger—angry (生气的)9.Africa—African (非洲的)10.America—American(美国的) 11.Brazil—Brazilian(巴西的)12.Canada—Canadian(加拿大的)13.Italy—Italian(意大利的)14.Russia—Russian(俄罗斯的)15.Swede—Sweden(瑞士的)16.France—French(法国的)17.China—Chinese(中国的)18.England—English(英国的)19.Japan—Japanese (日本的)20. Britain—British (英国的)J.动词变名词1.teach—teacher (教师)2.drive—driver(司机)3.write—writer(作家)4.dance—dancer(舞蹈家)5.win—winner (获胜者)6.run—runner(赛跑者)7.visit—visitor (参观者)8.invent—inventor(发明家)9. translate—translator(翻译家)cate—educator(教育家)11. describe—description(描述) 12.predict—prediction(预言)13.collect—collection(收藏)14.decide—decision(决定)15.build—building(建筑物)16.mean—meaning(意思)17.die—death(死亡)18.fly—flight (飞行)19.know—knowledge(知识)20.please—pleasure(高兴)21. pronounce—pronunciation(发音)22.mix—mixture(混合物)K. 动词变形容词1.please-pleasing(令人高兴)-pleased(感到高兴的)2.surprise-surprising(令人惊讶的)-surprised(感到惊讶的)3.excite-exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(感到兴奋的)4.interest-interesting(令人感兴趣的)-interested(感兴趣的)5.worry-worrying(令人担忧的)-worried(感到担忧的)(类似单词有:amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等)L.形容词的变化1)形容词变副词quick—quickly(迅速地)strong—strongly(强烈地)heavy—heavily(重重地)angry—angrily(生气地)healthy—healthily(健康地)noisy—noisily(吵闹地)terrible—terribly(可怕地)possible—possibly(可能地)2)形容词变名词kind—kindness(善良)happy—happiness(幸福)warm—warmth(温暖)safe—safety(安全)confident—confidence(信心)important—importance(重要性)different—difference(差异)true—truth(真理)long—length(长度)honest—honesty(诚实)。

英语中的构词法(资料版)

英语中的构词法(资料版)

初中英语构词法一、构词法转化法(conversion)、合成法(Compounding)和派生法(Conversion)。

1.转化法(conversion)在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词●Let me have a try. 让我试试。

●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词●He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。

●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 形容词转化为动词●We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

●They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。

4. 形容词转化为名词●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非。

●The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5. 形容词转化为副词●How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

●Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。

●His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

构词法(转换法、合成法、派生法)-定义和实例

构词法(转换法、合成法、派生法)-定义和实例

十、构词法英语主要有三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。

(一)转化法把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种的方法称作转化法。

1.由名词转化成动词,例如:care n.照顾,当心------ v. 关心,担心,照顾cook n.炊事员------v. 烹调water n.水------v. 浇水2.由形容词转化成动词,例如:empty adj.空的------v. 使空、变空free adj. 自由的------v. 使自由right adj. 正确的------v. 改正warm adj. 温暖的------v. 热起来;使温暖wet adj. 潮湿的------v. 使潮湿3.由形容词转化成名词,例如:right adj. 正确的------n. 正确,正义,公正wrong adj错误的------n. 错误4.有一些同形异类的双音节词,作动词时重音在后,作名词时重音在前,例如:record v. [ri’k C:d] 记录,录音;record n. [’ r ek C:d] 记录,唱片有个别词,作形容词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后,例如:perfect adj. [’p∂:f ikt] 完美的;perfect v. [p∂’fekt] 使完善5.有些词,因词尾有清辅音和浊辅音的差别而属不同词类。

一般说来,词尾发清辅音的多为名词,发浊辅音的多为动词。

词尾读音不同,拼法也常不一样。

但s和th既可读作清辅音,又可读作浊辅音,因而有时没有拼法的变化。

例如:advice [∂d’v ais] n. ; advise [∂d’v aiz] v.excuse [iks’kju:s] n. ; excuse [iks’kju:z] v.use [ju:s] ; use [ju:z] v.个别词拼法稍有差别,但读音相同,例如:practice n.; practise v.还有一些词在转变为另一词类时,元音和拼法同时发生变化,例如:food [fu:d]食物n. ; feed[fi:d]喂养,给以食物v.有些词既可作形容词又可作动词,词形不变而读音不同,例如:live adj. [laiv]活的,活泼的; v. [liv] 活着,生活(二)合成法两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法称作合成法。

英语构词法讲解及练习

英语构词法讲解及练习

名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时,测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词:

初中英语词汇复习总结之构词法

初中英语词汇复习总结之构词法

构词法英语中的派生词的构成主要有三种:合成法,派生法,转化法。

一、合成法:定义:由两个或两个以上的单词合成构成单词。

1.合成法构成的名词:newspaper报纸(news 消息+paper纸=有消息的纸=报纸newspaper)blackboard 黑板(black 黑色的+board 甲板=黑色的板blackboard) necklace 项链(neck脖子+lace花边=脖子上的花边二项链necklace)flash-light手电筒(flash闪光的+light灯=闪光的灯二手电筒flash-light)haircut理发(hair头发+cut剪掉=剪掉头发=理发haircut) air-conditioning 空调(air空气+conditioning调节=调节空气=空调)htseeing 观光(sight 景象+seeing 看=看风景=观光sightseeing) sunrise日出(sun太阳+rise升起=太阳升起二日出sunrise)震rthquake地震(earth地球+quake颤抖=地球颤抖=地震)2.合成法构成的形容词: good-looking好看的(good 好的+looking外表=好的外表好好看的)hard-working勤奋的(hard努力的+working工作=努力工作=勤奋的)full-time专职的(full满的+time时间=时间满的二专职,全职)well-meant好意的(well 好的+meant意图=好意的)hand-made手工做的(hand 手+made制作=手动制作的)home-sick想家的(home家乡+sick渴望的=想家的)cold-blooded冷血的(cold 冷的+blooded血=冷血的)waterproof 防水的fresh-baked新烤的(fresh新鲜的+baked烘烤=新烤的)heartbreaking使人心碎的(heart 心+breaking破碎的=心碎的)3.合成法构成的动词:half-close 半关(half一半+close 关闭=半关)broadcast播送(broad宽广的+cast脱落=广泛传播=播送)half—hibernate 半冬眠(half 一半+hibernate 冬眠=半冬眠)whitewash粉刷(white白色的+wash洗=洗白=粉刷)4.合成法构成的副词:whenever 无论somewhere 某处however 然而wherever无论何处5.合成法构成的代词:myself我自己nobody没有人二、派生法:定义:指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词。

初中英语中考练习构词法名词冠词

初中英语中考练习构词法名词冠词

e. g. an eighty-three-year-old grandpa
8.以 -s 结尾的专有名词有两种情况
A. 表示国家、报纸等名词看做单数
e. g. the United States
B. 表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词看做复数,谓语也用复数形式
e. g. The Alps are in Europe.
2.没有主题名词的,则在词尾加 -s
e. g. grown-up — grown-ups
3.以 man 或 woman 开头的复合词,名词都要变为复数形式
e. g. man-doctor — men-doctors
4.其他合成的词,只把最后一个词变为复数
eg. boy friend — boy friends
-tion invention
pronunciation
-ure failure ②形容词后缀
pleasure
-an American African
-en golden wooden
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ful beautiful hopeful useful
-ive active expensive
mis 错误地
mistake misunderstand
re 重新,再次 rebuild ③ 可以改变词性的前缀
retell
a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词 en- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词
asleep aboard aside encourage enable enrich
2) 后缀: 加后缀一般改变词性 ① 名词后缀
对 She often makes a mistake in her homework. 对 She often makes (some) mistakes in her homework. Pandas are found in Sichuan.熊猫生在四川。

史上最全人教版初中英语八年级语法构词法练习题(含答案)

史上最全人教版初中英语八年级语法构词法练习题(含答案)

构词法练习11.That man was ___careful____(careful)enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his ___death____(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.3.The child looked ___sadly____(sad)at his brother who was badly wounded.4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _chemist___. (chemistry)5.The three- _legged______(leg)chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.6.Stephenson became the __leading_(lead)railway engineer in the world.7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths proble,Jacklooked_pridely____(pride)about at his classmates.8.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a__ practiced__(practice)smile.9.My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_latest__ (late)news about Iraq War?10.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ____length____. (long)11.To my____ joy____,(joy)I passed the exam easily.12.How___foolish____ he is! He is always acting ___foolishly_.He is really a ___fool_. (fool)13.The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great _value_.(value)14.There were_dangerous____(danger)fish in the river in South America.15.The child looked at me __strangely_____. (strange)16.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_freedom_______(free)bravely.17.The children live in a village _nearby__.(near)They come here almost every day.18.Mr Black is an _officer_in the army,not an _official___in thegovernment. You can not easily find him in his_office_____. (office)19.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep _healthy__. (health)20.___Honestly_____ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose. (honest)构词法练习题21. It’s October the _ninth__(nine). It’s my mother’s birthday.2. Congratulations!(恭喜) Both of you are the _winners____(win) of the match.3. Computers and printers are now _widely__(wide) used in many companies.4. She was so _careful___(care) that she took my umbrella by mistake.5 .Look at the sun. It always shines _brightly_(bright) in the sky.6. Miss Smith put the new dress on, and looked at __herself___ (she) in the mirror.7. I think the dictionary is _helpful__ (help) to your study.8. Don’t open your books. Please keep them _closed____.(close)9. Children should speak to old people __politely___(polite).10. The time is too short. It’s _impossible___(possible) for Daniel to finish this work.11. Paper catches fire _easily__(easy).12. My sister is _unhappy___(happy) now because she lost her money.13. You have to believe in _yourself__(you) . That’s the secret of success.14. I don’t like travelling by plane. I think it’s _unsafe___ (safe) to travel by air.15 .He speaks Chinese very well though he is a _Canadian____(Canada).16. You may be _worried__ (worry) if you are in trouble and have no oneto help you.17. It’s very _exciting__ to go hiking into the mountains. I’m _excited__ about it.(excite)18 .Beijing is such an _interesting___ city that I’m _interested__ in it very much. There are many places of __interest___(interest).19. The students are listening to the teacher _carefully__(care).20. He’s too old. But he __really__(real) loves plays.21. This lake is _dangerous__(danger) for swimmers.22 .There are a lot of _travellers___(travel) on the train.24. Geography is a _natural___(nature) science. Do you know?27. The driver was very _thankful__(thank) to the policeman for his help.28. Now there was enough light, so the doctor was able to see _clearly___(clear).29. Yunnan University has a long history. It has celebrated its _eightieth_ (eighty) birthday.30.Congratulations on crossing the channel _successfully___(success)!31. How can I improve my _spoken__(speak) English?32. It’s _sunny___(sun) today. Let’s go swimming.33. It rained _heavily____(heavy), so he didn’t go to work yesterday.34 .July is the _seventh___(seven) month of the year.35. Shanghai is in the _eastern___(east) past of China.36. Mrs. Smith smiled _happily___(happy) when she received a presentfrom her son on Mother’s Day.37. Go _across_(cross) the bridge. You’ll find the library on the left.38. The woman looked at the young man _angrily__(angry) and didn’t say a word.39. Rosa eats _less_(little) food than he sister.41. Children need time and _freedom__(free) to have fun.42 .I did rather _badly__(bad) in the race.44 .Lily felt sad because the bird was _died_(die).45 .He put his other shoe under his bed very _quietly__(quiet).47. Godless me! Your _pronunciation___(pronounce) is very good.48. Could you lend me your bike? Mine is _broken___(break).49. It’s a _rainy__ day. Do you still want to swim? (rain)50 .She _nearly__ missed the train this morning. ( near)51. The boy wants to be a _writer__ when he grows up. ( write).52. Her little daughter can study by herself now and the mother is very _pleased_.(please )53 .Are you sure the dish taste _good__? (good)54. When someone knocked at the door, the old man was just falling _asleep__(sleep)55 .Is he the best _player__ in the diving team? (play)56. My uncle _teaches__ me to play the violin every evening. (teacher)57. Mr. Smith is such an _honest__ man that we all trust him. ( honest)58. Today Linda’s parents are out, she has to stay at home _alone_. (lonely)59. What’s the weather like today? It’s _windy__. (wind)60. When spring comes, the snow disappears____(appears).。

初中英语构词法汇总及练习

初中英语构词法汇总及练习

初中英语构词法汇总及练习(一)一。

概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二。

相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词很多动词能够转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如:①Let's go out for a walk。

我们到外面去散散步吧。

②He is a man of strong build。

他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Let's have a swim。

咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词能够用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane 你订好飞机座位了吗②Please hand me the book。

请把那本书递给我。

③She nursed her husband back to health。

她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④We lunched together。

我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词能够转化为动词。

例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions。

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词能够转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out。

(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。

例如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral。

初中英语构词法

初中英语构词法

初中英语构词法英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。

一. 转化英语单词的词性非常活跃,名词用作动词,动词转化为名词,形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。

阅读中经常出现转化词,只要抓住单词的原始意思,结合句子成分,就容易弄清它们的引申义。

1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。

有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。

1) 动词转化为名词。

如:Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行,好吗?句中的drive由动词转化为名词(词意引申为“驱车旅行”)。

I often go there for a walk.我经常去那里散步。

(句中walk由动词转化为名词)2) 名词转化为动词。

如:Have you booked your ticket?你的票订好了吗?(句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”)Hand me your knife, please.请把你的刀子递给我。

(句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”)2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。

The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。

(句中slow由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“减速”)Don't dirty your clothes.别把你的衣服弄脏了。

(句中dirty由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“弄脏”)3. 形容词和名词之间的相互转化。

The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days.那个时候,穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。

(句中poor由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“穷人”)They took the sick to hospital yesterday.昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。

(句中sick由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“病人”)4. 有些词可以词形不变,只因重音变化而发生词类转化,有时词义也可能变化。

英语构词法练习题初三

英语构词法练习题初三

英语构词法练习题初三一、词根词缀1. 在下列单词中,找出含有相同词根的一组。

a) descriptionb) prescribec) ascertaind) inscribe2. 在下列单词中,找出前缀和后缀的组合。

a) misunderstandingb) reorganizec) plentifuld) disagreement3. 在下列单词中,找出含有相同词缀的一组。

a) importantb) carefulc) hopefuld) childish二、构词法根据所给的词根、前缀或后缀,构造新的单词。

1. 词根:graph构造一个带有该词根的单词,并解释其意思。

2. 前缀:un-构造一个带有该前缀的单词,并解释其意思。

3. 后缀:-able构造一个带有该后缀的单词,并解释其意思。

4. 词根:bio-构造一个带有该词根的单词,并解释其意思。

5. 前缀:dis-构造一个带有该前缀的单词,并解释其意思。

6. 后缀:-ful构造一个带有该后缀的单词,并解释其意思。

7. 词根:tele-构造一个带有该词根的单词,并解释其意思。

8. 前缀:pre-构造一个带有该前缀的单词,并解释其意思。

9. 后缀:-er构造一个带有该后缀的单词,并解释其意思。

三、词类转换根据所给的词性,将下列词语转换成不同的词类。

1. 名词 -> 动词a) distanceb) decision2. 名词 -> 形容词a) natureb) youth3. 动词 -> 名词a) inventb) progress4. 动词 -> 形容词a) exploreb) expand5. 形容词 -> 名词a) peacefulb) beautiful6. 形容词 -> 动词a) ancientb) mysterious四、派生词选择选择合适的派生词填空。

1. The novel was ________ by a famous author. (write)a) writtenb) writingc) wroted) writes2. The ________ of the new computer game was impressive. (develop)a) developerb) developmentc) developd) developing3. The actress's performance was ________. (amaze)a) amazingb) amazedc) amazementd) amazes4. The boy was ________ with his excellent grades. (please)a) pleasureb) pleasedc) pleasingd) please5. The ________ of the painting was on display at the museum. (create)a) creationb) creativec) createsd) creating充分运用英语构词法,灵活创建新的单词,并熟练进行词类转换和选择合适的派生词,对于初三学生来说是提高词汇运用能力的重要练习内容。

完整版)初中英语构词法练习

完整版)初中英语构词法练习

完整版)初中英语构词法练习1.That man was XXX not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.2.The soldier died saving the child。

so his death is heavier than Mount Tai.3.XXX.4.He is an expert at chemistry。

We all call him a chemist.5.XXX for a young child。

They may fall off.6.XXX.7.When the teacher praised him for working out the math problem。

Jack XXX.8.XXX。

XXX the job quite well.9."Oh。

my teacher asked me to write a XXX," he replied.Rewritten:1.The XXX the manager of his unwillingness to do the job.2.The soldier's demise。

having sacrificed himself to save a child。

was a weighty event.3.The child gazed upon his XXX.4.His proficiency in chemistry earned him the title of XXX.5.Due to its three legs。

the chair is unsuitable for young children as it poses a risk of falling.6.XXX.7.XXX.8.XXX.9."XXX," XXX asked about his presence.19.XXX he is。

初中英语词汇复习总结之构词法

初中英语词汇复习总结之构词法

构词法英语中的派生词的构成主要有三种:合成法,派生法,转化法。

一、合成法:定义:由两个或两个以上的单词合成构成单词。

1.合成法构成的名词:2.合成法构成的形容词:3.合成法构成的动词:4.合成法构成的副词:5.合成法构成的代词:二、派生法:定义:指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词。

1.前缀1)表示否定或相反意思的前缀:dis-:disappear消失dislike不喜欢discover发现disobey不遵从disbelieve 不相信dishonest不诚实的disadvantage (n.) 不利条件,缺点in-:In-: indirection间接的invisible看不见的inaccurate不准确的incorrect不正确的incapable不能的incomparable无比的insensitive对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的Im-:impossible不可能的impolite 无礼的immoral 不道德的impassive 无动于衷的immortal 不朽的immutable 不变的un-:unhappy不高兴的unfair不公平的unable不能unpleasant不满意的uncommon不常见的unsuccessful不成功的unhealthy不健康的unfortunate不幸的 il-:illegal违法的, 不合规定的illimitable 无限的 illogical 不合逻辑的ir- :irregular 不规则的irrelative 无关的irresolute 无决断力的irresistible不可抗拒的2)re-前缀:表示“重新,再”re-: rebuild 重新建造recycle再循环reconsider 重新考虑review 复习recall回想····recollect回忆····reunion团圆,重聚reconstruction重建3)pre-前缀:表示“….前的,预先”preschool 学龄前的prehistory 史前prepay 预付precaution 预防措施4)sub-前缀:表示“在下面,次一等,副手”subtitle副标题suboffice分办事处subtropics亚热带submerge沉没,淹没5)Inter-前缀:表示“在…之间,相互”international国际的interaction相互影响interrelate相互关连intersect横断2.后缀1)形容词后缀-able (n./v.→adj.)表示“可以……的;显示……性质”。

(完整版)初中英语词汇中常见的构词法

(完整版)初中英语词汇中常见的构词法

(完整版)初中英语词汇中常见的构词法初中英语词汇中常见的构词法1. 合成法合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。

1)名词+名词→名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业2) 形容词+名词→名词black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器3)动词的-ing形式+名词dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸4)名词+动词的-ing形式shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖注意:合成词的构成方式有3种:①词与词之间加连字符“-”;②词与词合成一个词;③词与词分开;3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的4) 名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下2. 派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。

初中英语构词法练习(可编辑修改word版)

初中英语构词法练习(可编辑修改word版)

构词法练习一、选择填空1.T hat man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.T he child looked at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a .A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.The three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.W hen the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked about at his classmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.T o everyone’s ,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English.—You can write passage in English?A.600 words;a 600-wordsB.600-word;a 600-wordsC.600 words;a 600-wordD.600 words;a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it .A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War?telytesttertter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in .A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my ,I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a .A. foolish;foolishly;foolB. fool;foolish;foolC. foolish;fool;foolD. foolishly;foolish;fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great .A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word“doubt” is.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me .A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.We have to learn technology from other countries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.The children live in a village .They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an in the army,not an in the government.You can not easily find him in his .A.official;officer;officeB.officer;office;officialC.official;official;officialD.officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep .A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30. speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan,but there are some difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a factory,which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dan caught two birds in the wood last week and they are still in the cage.A.alive;liveB.live;liveC.live;aliveD.alive;alive36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was and that they had tried their best.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Ann felt so that she could hardly open her eyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.We stood there at the sight.A.frightened;frightfulB.frightening;frightfulC.fright;frighteningD.frightful;fright39.The doctor’s advice him from drinking and smoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40.I’d like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a quiet .A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursD.neighbour’s二、用括号里词适当形式填空1It’s October the (nine). It’s my mother’s birthday.2Congratulations!(恭喜) Both of you are the (win) of the match.3Computers and printers are now (wide) used in many companies.4 She was so (care) that she took my umbrella by mistake.5Look at the sun. It always shines (bright) in the sky.6Miss Smith put the new dress on, and looked at (she) in the mirror.7 I think the dictionary is (help) to your study.8 Don’t open your books. Please keep them (close)9 Children should speak to old people (polite).10 The time is too short. It’s(possible) for Daniel to finish this work.11 Paper catches fire (easy).12My sister is (happy) now because she lost her money.13You have to believe in (you) . That’s the secret of success.14I don’t like travelling by plane. I think it’s(safe) to travel by air.15 He speaks Chinese very well though he is a (Canada).16 You may be (worry) if you are in trouble and have no one to help you.17 It’s very to go hiking into the mountains. I’m about it.(excite)18 Beijing is such an city that I’m in it very much. There are many places of (interest).19 The students are listening to the teacher (care).20 He’s too old. But he (real) loves plays.21 This lake is (danger) for swimmers.22There are a lot of (travel) on the train.23The cinema has two (enter) . Which one should we go into?24 Geography is a (nature) science. Do you know?25 A (library) is a person who works in a library.26 The policeman caught the (rob) at last.27The driver was very (thank) to the policeman for his help.28Now there was enough light, so the doctor was able to see (clear).29Yunman University has a long history. It has celebrated its (eighty) birthday.30Congratulations on crossing the channel (success)!31 How can I improve my (speak) English?32It’s(sun) today. Let’s go swimming.33It rained (heavy), so he didn’t go to work yesterday.34 July is the (seven) month of the year.35Shanghai is in the (east) past of China.36Mrs. Smith smiled (happy) when she received a present from her son on Mother’s Day.37 Go (cross) the bridge. You’ll find the library on the left.38 The woman looked at the young man (angry) and didn’t say a word.39 Rosa eats (little) food than he sister.40 Most people like easy jobs and don’t like todo the (pleasant) work.41 Children need time and (free) to have fun.42I did rather (bad) in the race.43Why do you (like) travelling by air? Because it is dangerous by air.44 Lilyt felt sad because the bird was (die).45 He put his other shoe under his bed very (quiet).46 Thank you for your letter and you (value) advice.47 Goodness me! Your (pronounce) is very good.48 Could you lend me your bike? Mine is (break).49 It’s a day. Do you still want to swim? (rain , rainy)50She missed the train this morning. ( near , nearly)51The boy wants to be a when he grows up. ( write, writer).52Her little daughter can study by herself now and the mother is very .(please , pleased)53 Are you sure the dish taste ? (good , well)54 When someone knocked at the door, the old man was just falling (sleep, asleep)55 Is he the best in the diving team? (play , player)56 My uncle me to play the violin every evening. (teacher , teaches)57 Mr Smith is such an man that we all trust him. ( honest , dishonest)58 Today Linda’s parents are out, she has to stay at home . ( alone , lonely)59 What’s the weather like today? It’s. (wind , windy)60 When spring comes, the snow (appears , disappears).答案:1~5 BDACB 6~10 CBDCB11~15 ACDCB 16~20 BAAAB21~25 CBBCA 26~30 DADBA31~35 BBCCC 36~40 DAADB。

初中英语构词法简单梳理及练习

初中英语构词法简单梳理及练习

agree v.同意 →agreement n. 同意,一致, 协议
argue v. 争论,辩论argument n. 争吵;论据
16) 形容词 + ity →名词 able adj. 能够的 →ability n.能力,才能
possible adj.可能的→possibility n. 可能性 real adj. 真的,真实的 →reality n. 现实,实际,真实
)男警察(
)主席(
)渔夫(
),
Postman( ),英国人(
),loudspeaker(
),
地铁(
),man-made(

),handwriting(
),
早餐(
),飞鱼(
),output (
),
kind-hearted(
),hand-made( ),
color-blind(
), good-looking(

意大利人(
)俄国人(

西方的(
)东南的(

健忘的(
),美妙的(
)多彩的(

foolish(
), childish(
), British(

, bookish(
),运气好的(
) 喧闹的

)careless(

, homeless(
)useless(

serious(
), (
)著名的, 危险的(
different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之处
注意:形容词---名词
important--importance
合成法:

初中英语常见构词法种类

初中英语常见构词法种类

初中英语常见构词法种类1.合成法1)名词+名词→名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball 篮球book(书)+shop(商店)→bookshop书店book(书)+ store(商店)→bookstore书店house(房子)+work(劳动)→housework家务劳动home(家庭)+ work(工作)→homework家庭作业2)形容词+名词→名词black(黑色的)+board(木板)→blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→Englishman 英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者)→loudspeaker扬声器3)动词的-ing形式+名词dining room 餐厅running water 自来水walking stick 拐杖drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌writing paper 信纸4)名词+动词的-ing形式shoe-making 制作鞋子dressmaking 做裙子handwriting书法story-telling 讲故事5)介词+名词→名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午)→afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground(地面)→underground地下的6)名词(形容词)+名词+ed →形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的)→glass-topped 玻璃着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心)→kind-hearted 好心的7)副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边)→inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯)→downstairs在楼下2.派生法◎前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)1)un-(不,非,表示否定,形容词前缀)happy(高兴的)→unhappy(不高兴的)like(像)→unlike(不像)2)im-(不,无,非,表示否定,形容词前缀,常用在p,b,m开头的单词前)possible(可能的)→impossible(不可能的)polite(礼貌的)→impolite(不礼貌的)3)in-(不,无,非,表示否定,形容词前缀)active(活跃的)→inactive(不活跃的)complete(完全的)→incomplete (不完全的)4)dis-(不,非,表示否定,动词或形容词或名词前缀)honest(诚实的)→dishonest(不诚实的)agree(同意)→disagree(不同意)advantage(优势)→disadvantage (不利,不利条件5)mis-(表示错误)understand(理解)→misunderstand(误解)mistake(错误)misuse(误用)6)re-(再,重复)tell(叙述)→retell(复述)build(建筑)→rebuild(重建)write(写)→rewrite (重写)◎后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义1)动词或形容词+er/or→名词write(v.)写→writer(n.)作者travel(v.)旅行→traveler(n.)旅客foreign (adj.)外国的→foreigner(n.)外国人invent(v)发明→inventor(n.)发明家visit(v)参观→visitor(n.)参观者2)动词+(t)ion/sion→名词invent(v.)发明→invention(n.)发明decide(v.)决定→decision(n.)决定attend(v.)注意/参加→attention(n.)注意3)动词+ing/ed →名词或形容词build (v.)建筑→building (n.)建筑物interest (v.)使感兴趣→interesting/interested (adj.)有趣的please(v.)使高兴→pleased(adj.)高兴的4)名词+ese→名词和形容词China(n)中国→Chinese(n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的Japan(n.)日本→Japanese(n.)日本人(adj.)日语的5)名词或动词+ful→形容词help(n.)帮助→helpful(adj.)有帮助的use(n.)使用→useful(adj.)有用的meaning(n.)意思→meaningful(adj.)有用的6)动词+able→形容词enjoy(v.)喜欢→enjoyable(adj.)有趣的forget(v.)忘记→forgettable(adj.)容易被忘的7)名词+en一形容词wool(n.)羊毛→woolen(adj)毛的wood(n.)木材→wooden(adj.)木制的8)名词+y→形容词sun(n.)太阳→sunny(adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud(n.)云→cloudy(adj.)多云luck(n.)运气→lucky(adj.)运气好的noise(n.)响声→noisy(adj.)喧闹的9)形容词+ness→名词good(adj.)好的→goodness(n.)好意kind(adj.)善良的→kindness(n,)和蔼happy(adj.)开心的→happiness(n.)开心10)名词+ly→形容词friend(n.)朋友→friendly(adj.)友好的love(n.)爱→lovely(adj.)可爱的11)名词+less形一容词(词义与加ful 相反)care +less→careless(adj.)粗心的help +less→helpless(adj.)无助的12)+ al→形容词nation(n.)民族→national(adj.) 国家的education(n.)教育→educational(adj.)教育性的tradition(n.)传统→traditional(adj.)传统的13)名词+ist→名词science(n.)科学→scientist(n.)科学家piano(n.)钢琴→pianist(n.)钢琴家tour(n.)旅游观光旅行→tourist(n.)旅行者,观光客14)动词+ment→名词agree(v.)→agreement(n.)同意,一致develop(v.)发展→development(n.)发展argue(v.)争论,辩论→argument(n.)争吵;论据15)形容词+ity→名词able(adj.)能够的→ability(n.)能力,才能possible(adj.)可能的→possibility(n.)可能性3.转化法1)名词→动词rain( n.) 雨→rain (v.) 下雨shop( n.)商店→shop(v.)购物water( n.)水→water(v.)流水land( n.)陆地→land(v.)着陆name( n.)名字→name(v.)命名注:不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词,词义没有什么大变化,易于推测出词义:answer(回答),change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。

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初中英语构词法汇总及练习一。

概念英语的构词法主要有:转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二。

相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如:①Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________②He is a man of strong build。

______________________________2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________?②Please hand me the book。

____________________________________。

③She nursed her husband back to health。

______________________________。

④We lunched together。

__________________________________。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

例如:We will try our best to better our life。

___________________________________。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out。

(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。

例如:People should be dressed in black at the funeral。

______________________________。

The old in our village are living a happy life。

__________________________________。

2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

例如:important重要的→___important appear出现→____appear消失correct正确的→___correct不正确的lead带领→___lead领错(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti- (反对;抵抗),auto- (自动),co- (共同),en- (使),inter- (互相),re- (再;又),sub- (下面的;次;小),tele- (强等。

例如:)调距离__lone单独的___gas防毒气的____chart自动图表cooperate合作__joy使高兴___net互联网___way地铁___phone电话___use再用2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。

例如:differ不同于→differ_____区别write写→write___作家Japan日本→Japan_____日本人act表演→act____女演员mouth口→mouth____一口music音乐→music_____音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

例如:wide→wide___加宽beauty→beaut_____美化real→real____意识到organ→organ_____组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。

例如:nature自然→natur___自然的reason道理→reason____有道理的gold金子→gold___金的east东→east_____东方的child孩子→child_____孩子气的snow雪→snow___雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。

例如:angry生气的→angr_____生气地to到→to______朝……,向……(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。

例如:six六→six____十六→six_______第十六four四→f_____四十→f______第四十3.合成法1)合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词________周末名词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词hand_____ 书法名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer_______名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑代词+名词she-wolf________动词+名词typewriter打字机动名词+名词reading-room_______现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词+名词gentleman_______副词+动词outbreak爆发介词+名词_______下午2)合成形容词名词+形容词snow-white_______ 名词+现在分词______________讲英语的名词+to+名词face-to-face________ 名词+过去分词man-made__________数词+名词one-way单行的数词+名词+形容词___________两岁的数词+名词+ed five-storeyed______ 动词+副词see-through透明的高尚的noble-minded ed 形容词+名词+high-class______ 形容词+名词形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的形容词+现在分词___________(相貌)好看的副词+形容词ever-green常青的副词+现在分词___________勤劳的副词+过去分词well-known著名的副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词downhill下坡的3)合成动词名词+动词sleep-walk_____ 形容词+动词white-wash粉刷副词+动词overthrow推翻4)合成副词形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词+副词_________到处副词+副词_________尽管如此介词+名词beforehand事先介词+副词_________永远5)合成代词代词宾格+self herself她自己物主代词+self myself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西6)合成介词副词+名词________在……里面介词+副词within在……之内副词+介词into进入4.截短法( 缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1)截头telephone→_________ aeroplane→________ omnibus→_______2)去尾mathematics→______ examination→________kilogram→______ laboratory→______ taxicab→_______3)截头去尾influenza→flu ______ refrigerator→fridge __________5.混合法( 混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。

后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。

news broadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast电视播送smoke and fog→_______烟雾helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。

读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。

_______________________________→VIP (读字母音)要人;大人物托福_______________Testing of English as a Foreign Language→练习A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词并写出中文意思。

) ) cloud ---__________( ) wind ---__________( sun---_________( rain ---__________( ) snow ---__________( ) fun---__________( ) health ---__________( ) noise ---__________( ) salt---__________( ) tourist ---__________( ) fur ---__________( )luck ---__________( ) sleep ---__________( ) sand ---__________( )B: 名词后加“-full”“-less”变成形容词并写出中文意思。

care ---__________( )__________( )use---__________( )__________( )colour---__________( ) __________( )help---__________( ) __________( )hope ---__________( )__________( )harm ---__________( ) __________( )success---__________( )wonder---__________( )peace---__________( )play---__________( )sleep ---__________( ) home---__________( )C: 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词并写出中文意思。

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