中国文化概况---建筑(英文)

Simple and elegant
Beijing Quadrangles
The front courtyard is the courtyard with the house closed. If a "mouth" shape called a into the courtyard; shaped for binary courtyard; eye shaped said three courtyards. in general, stately homes first for the door of the house. The second is the hall, the ternary or backward for the den or boudoir, women or their families, generally not free to enter
四合院就是三合院前面有加门房的屋舍来封闭。若呈“口”字 形的称为一进院落；“日”字形的称为二进院落；“目”字形 的称为三进院落。 一般而言，大宅院中，第一进为门屋，第二 进是厅堂，第三进或后进为私室或闺房，是妇女或眷属的活动 空间，一般人不得随意进入
合院住宅中的庭院四 周闭合而露天，可以 营造出内部良好的小 气候，减少不良外在 气候的影响。夏天可 以有效地遮荫纳凉， 冬天可以很好地采光， 保暖，抵御风沙。
圆楼是当地土楼群中最具特色的建筑，一般它以一个圆心出发， 依不同的半径，一层层向外展开，如同湖中的水波，环环相套， 非常壮观
圆楼消灭了角房间光线暗、 通风差，紧临木楼梯，噪音 干扰大。
与方楼相比，圆楼房间朝向 好坏差别不明显，有利于家 族内部分配。 省料,木构件尺寸统一.
Round out dark corner of the room, poor ventilation, close to the wooden stairs, large noise interference. Compared with the square floor, round room towards the quality difference is not obvious, is conducive to the internal distribution family. The material, wood size uniform.
客家土楼客家土楼是以土作墙而建造起来的集体建筑， 呈圆形、半圆形、方形、等，各具特色，其中以圆形 的最引人注目，当地人称之为圆楼或圆寨。 客家土楼 属于集体性建筑，其最大的特点在于其造型大。
The round house is the most characteristic of the local buildings construction, in general it in the center of a circle of according to different radius, a layer to expand outward, like ripples of the lake, ring set, very spectacular.
窑洞民居可分为地坑式、沿崖式和土坯式三种。地坑式窑 洞在地面挖坑，内三面或四面开凿洞穴居住，有斜坡道出 入。沿崖式窑洞是沿山边及沟边一层一层开凿窑洞。
In the mountain cave is dug out a vaulted cave. Due to the Loess itself has the nature of erect does not collapse, and the bearing capacity of the arch and is better than the flat, so the cave are generally take vault to ensure its stability.
Gorgeous color Solemn atmosphere, reflecting the Royal demeanor; Neat layout, multi totem (Dragon) of the divine right of kings
Solemn atmosphere
Taihe palace 64 meters long, 37 meters wide, high 26.92m, high 35.05m based on. The temple has a broad platform, called Danbi, commonly known as the platform. Display sundial on the platform, Scarlett amount of each one, each of the copper, copper turtle crane, tripod 18.Under the security fence are the leading stone drainage during the rainy season, can present Qianlong spit water spectacle.
Shanxi Cave Dwellings
Cave dwellings can be divided into the pit, along the cliff and adobe type three. Pit cave in ground digging, three or four sides were living in caves, with ramp access. Along the cliff cave along the side of the mountain and Mizobe a layer of excavated cave.
Closed and open air in the courtyard of the courtyard houses, can create a good internal climate, reduce the impact of bad weather. Can effectively shade in summer, winter can be well lit, warm, against the wind.
陕北取黄土高 原土层厚实、 地下水位低的 特点，挖窑洞 作民居，有冬 暖夏凉的优点。
Hakka Earth Buildings
Hakka Earth Buildingsis based on soil wall and built up of collective construction, round, half round, square, quadrangular, pentagonal shape, spot shape, dustpan shaped showed equal, have their own characteristics, which to round the most striking, known locally as round or round castle. The Hakka belongs to collective construction, its biggest feature is the other big
风水认为圆楼可制煞，科 学的解释是圆楼对寒风的 阻力较方楼小，因此邪气 对居室的影响也相对小。
圆楼能更均匀地传递水平 地震力，因此比方楼有更 强的抗震性能
Mongolian Yutrs
Mongolia package to round as the total style, no prism, a flow line. The top of the bag is arched, the bearing capacity of the strongest, the bag body is approximately cylindrical, forming a strong overall under the. Therefore, on the grassland and snow storm, will make Mongolia a crowning calamity. Build a strong Mongolian package, can withstand the winter ten levels of gales, due to the top of the bag is round not hold water, rain snow, the yurt felt top cover, it forms the a spherical enclosure. It can also withstand the heavy rain on the prairie. For several days a few nights of rain, the next to the house collapsed, it is safe and sound, and then the big rain will not leak into the bag.
露天通透的庭院即使 入风口，也是出风口， 通过自然的风压得到 流畅的通风，保证健 康清新的空气质量。
Open air permeability of the courtyard even into the outlet, but also o百度文库t of the outlet, through natural ventilation, ventilation, to ensure the health and fresh air quality.
蒙古包以圆形为总风格，无棱无角，呈流线形。包顶为拱形，其承受力 最强，包身近似圆柱形，上下形成一个强固的整体。搭盖坚固的蒙古包， 可以经受冬春的十级大风，由于包顶是圆的存不住水，下雨落雪的时候， 把蒙古包的顶毡盖上，它就形成了一个球状封闭体。因此它还能经得住 草原上的大雨，再大的雨也不会漏进包里。
Traditional Chinese Architecture
Traditional Chinese architecture were usually based on the principle of balabce and symmetry .
故宫简图
Imperial Architecture
Geomantic think yuanlou can brake, scientific explanation is small round of wind resistance than the side building. Therefore, the influence of the evil of the room is relatively small. Round more evenly transfer horizontal seismic force, so the seismic performance such as building stronger
陕北的窑洞 是依山势开 凿出来的这 样一个拱顶 的窑洞。由 于黄土本身 具有直立不 塌的性质， 而拱顶的承 重能力又比 平顶要好， 所以窑洞一 般都是采取 拱顶的方式 来保证了它 的稳固性。
The characteristics of Northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau soil from thick, underground water level is low, be dug cave houses, have the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer.