短文改错 学案

短文改错试题分析与答题技巧

In our everyday lives, if we make some mistakes, we should correct them, and then we are still a good fellow.——Chairman Mao’s words

★一、教学目标（Teaching Aim）

1. 通过评讲，使学生掌握短文改错题的基础做题技巧。

2. 积累词汇，短语，及其用法。

★二、命题特点和高考概况：

1、“短文改错”主要考查学生对英语语言运用的准确性。短文往往选用一篇130个词左右

2、近两年的高考试题中“短文改错”主要是学生在日常学习中的常见错误，词汇、语法、语篇理解行文逻辑以及惯用法的错误。

3 、命题的总原则是要求学生能够整篇理解，分行识错，从错误的类型看可分为对、错、加、减四个方面，即，正确打√，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要求以规范的符号进行表示。

★三、临场应试技巧:“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”

三歩：

1.No context, no text. 通读全文，掌握大意。

2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系.

3.复读全文，验证答案.

六原则：

1. 一行一错, 在有错行改动一词。

2. 改变实词（n./ v./adj./ adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.

3. 最小限度地改变单词形式.

4. 添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等).

5. 多改正，少添加或删除.

6. 最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.

★四、短文改错应注意的问题

四不改:

①标点符号不改。

②大小写不改。

③词序错误不改。

④单词拼写不改。

文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。

★五、单句改错练习

1. 冠词

a. (98) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. ______

b. (96) Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a American family. ______

c. (91) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were, but it was no use .

d. What a great progress he has made .

2.代词

a.(01 春季) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works.

b. I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading.

c. He is sitting between you and I. _____

d. Tom and Bob all needed some new clothes.

3.名词

a.(2000) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.

b.(91) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters. ______

c.(98) We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV . ________

d. He collected some informations about computers.

4.介词

a.(91) Bill insisted in staying near the car.

b. (96) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. _____

c. (98) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves

d. She married with a man with a lot of money.

e. (92) When I have free time I go a long walk.

5.动词

a.(97) Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. ______

b. When I got home , I found my house had broken into.

c.(2000) I remembered her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first prize.

d. In front of my house stand a tall tre

e.

6.形容词/ 副词

a. Who works the most careful in

your class? ______

b. This book isn’t as cheaper as that one . _________

_____

c.The bad meat smells terribly.

_______

d.The hard you work, the greater progress you’ll make . _____

7.连词

a. (2000) She was smiling but nodding at me .

b. Though he worked hard , but he didn’t pass the exam. ____

c. Let’s set off immediately, and we’ll miss the train. ___

d. I like the coat, and it was more than I would like to pay. ____

8.非谓语动词

(95)I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. ____

b.I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holiday.

c. The boss make them to work twelve hours a day. ____

d. (98) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. _______

9.句子结构

a. I live in Beijing , where is the capital of china.

b.(93) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

c. In the last five years that they have climbed churches.

★六、真题演练

I hate mobile phones. First of all, very few people real need a mobile phone. If you need to speak to someone, there are a good many public phone box around in Britain. Most people leike being seen with one. They think it makes them look importance and successful. In addition, mobile phones were often used in public places like trains and restaurants and other people around have no choice but listen to the conversation. It is very pleasant. Sometimes it can actually be dangerous at some situations to use a mobile phone, for example when driving. According to the police, speak on the phone while drive is a major cause of accident.

四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率

例１[2012•课标全国卷] From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.

例 2 [2012•课标全国卷] ―That's it. No more toys to you.‖ My punishment lasted a year.

例3 [2012•陕西卷] We lived in a comfortably doubleroom with a big bath.

例4[2012•陕西卷] I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.

★探究点二句法型

句法的测试包括：主谓语在人称和数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。

例5 [2012•课标全国卷] But before long they began to see which was happening.

例6 [2012•四川卷] Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.

例7 [2007•天津卷]I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but …

★探究点三语篇型

语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。

例8 [2012•课标全国卷] I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.

例9 [2012•课标全国卷] I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it.

例10 When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said，…

例11 [2012•陕西卷] It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

四、应试点睛