虚拟语气详解
中的虚拟语气详解
中的虚拟语气详解虚拟语气是指在现实或将来的情况下，描述一种实际不存在的情况或假设的语气。
它在语法上表达一种假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等说话者对现实的否定态度或表示一种假设的情况。
本文将详细解析中文中的虚拟语气及其常见用法。
一、虚拟语气的用途虚拟语气用于表达以下情况：1. 表示非真实可能的情况虚拟语气可以用来描述与现实相反、与事实不符的情况。
例如：如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
(表达与现实不符的假设情况)2. 表示愿望或建议虚拟语气可以用来表达对于现实不满和对将来的期望。
例如：我希望你能够尽早完成这项任务。
(对现实的期望)如果你有时间的话，我们可以一起去旅行。
(提出建议)3. 表示命令、要求或建议虚拟语气可以用来表示命令、要求或建议。
例如：要是你敢再晚归，我就罚你一个月不许出去玩。
(表示命令)我建议你明天就去医院做个检查。
(提出建议)二、虚拟语气的常见形式中文中虚拟语气的常见形式主要包括以下几种：1. 以“要是”、“如果”等引导的条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气通常由“要是”、“如果”等引导。
例如：要是明天不下雨，我们可以去公园玩。
(表示与现实相反的假设情况) 2. 以“愿意”、“希望”等引导的愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气通常由“愿意”、“希望”等引导。
例如：我希望你能够顺利通过考试。
(表示对现实的期望)3. 以“要求”、“建议”等引导的命令、要求或建议虚拟语气命令、要求或建议虚拟语气通常由“要求”、“建议”等引导。
例如：老师要求我们每天都要完成作业。
(表示命令)我建议你多读书，这样会提高你的知识水平。
(提出建议)三、虚拟语气的其他用法除了上述常见形式外，中文中的虚拟语气还有一些其他用法。
1. 表示假设的情况虚拟语气可以用来描述假设的情况，通常由“假如”、“要是”等引导。
例如：假如我有机会去旅行，我一定会选择去日本。
(描述假设的情况)2. 表示与现实相反的假设情况虚拟语气还可以用来表达与现实相反的假设情况。
虚拟语气详解及用法
虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或者让步状语从句中）；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）。
虚拟语气在条件句中：表示假设、猜测、怀疑等一．与现在事实相反的假设句型：从句：If 主语+过去时，主句：主语+should/would/could/might +do 例句：1.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I were you, I would take an umbrella.2.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.3.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.4.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没有带钱）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.5.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：没有努力）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.二．表示与过去事实相反的情况句型：从句：If 主语+had +done，主句：主语+should/would/could/might +have done例子：1．如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.2．如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误。
（事实：没有听我的话）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.三、表示对将来情况的主观推测句型：从句：①if+主语+were to do，主语+should/would/could/might +do②if+主语+did/were ，主语+should/would/could/might +do③if+主语+should +do ，主语+should/would/could/might +do 例子：1．如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
虚拟语气 详解+练习
虚拟语气【与客观事实相反，发生几率低】1. 常规虚拟语气【必讲】（1）与现在事实相反：If I were in your shoes, I would act differently.If I had enough money, I would run a company of my own.（2）与过去事实相反：You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.（3）与将来事实相反：If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.If he were to come here, how would you tell him about this?2. 混合时间虚拟句【必讲】If you had not helped them, they would still be in New York now.If I had studied English at school, I could read The English novel now.If I knew your E-mail address, I would have sent E-mail to you last night. (Even now I still don’t know your E-mail address and I can’t send it.)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(Being careless is part of her nature and she can never change it.)If I were not busy, I would have come with you.(I am still busy now.)练习：1. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. were; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay2. It would have been just as satisfactory if I ______ at home. I learned nothing in class.A. had stayedB. stayedC. was stayingD. would stay3. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned4. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got3. 倒装虚拟句【难句必讲内容，语法课视学生水平和时间条件选讲】Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company. Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car.Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.If I had money, …不能倒装成：Had I money, …练习：1. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be2. ______ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be3. ______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been4. 含蓄虚拟句【选讲】①But for要不是+ N；but that + 句子But for their help, I would not have finished the task.But for the sun, there could be no life on the earth.But that the doctor arrived on time that day(不用虚拟), they would have been dead. (用虚拟) —— 改成ifBut that he needed money desperately, he would never have turned to his brother for help. ——改成if②If it were not for…要不是If it had not been for…要不是【托福阅读中出现过，难句内容】a. If it were not for…对现在虚拟If it had not been for…对过去虚拟b. for + 词组c. 倒装形式were it not for…/ had it not been for____________ the sun, there could be no life on earth.A. Were it not forB. If it were notC. Were it notD. But that【说话人对于听话人的主观意志影响】5. 一坚持、二命令、三建议、四要求【必讲】insist; order, command; advise, suggest, propose; ask, demand, require, requestThe general ordered that his troops (should) move on to the front.They require that visitors (should) not smoke in the workshop.补充：beg, decide, determine, move, prefer, recommend, urge, desireHis father urged that he study medicine.注意：suggest “暗示，说明”, insist “坚持认为”用直陈式His puzzled expression suggested that he didn’t understand.I insisted that I had taken the early train that morning.练习：1. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ________ill, and her parents suggested that she _______ a medical examination.A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has2. The young man insisted that he________ nothing wrong and_________ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set3. Some insisted that we_______ an English evening at weekend, yet some insisted that they _______ no interest in it at all.A. should hold; takeB. were going to hold; showC. hold; tookD. would hold; would show十个动词相对应的名词His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.He made the suggestion that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.6. It is + 形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that…【服务于写作，必讲】It is essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.It is necessary that a high school student (should) master a foreign language.It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of history and geography.It is natural that I should dwell upon his successes rather than upon his failures.It is usual that ...It is requested that all members be present at the meeting.It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.常见形容词：advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable(可取的), imperative, urgent, vital, normal, proper, preferable7. It is a pity / strange / surprising / no wonder that…【选讲】从句谓语动词用虚拟语气should do (should不可省略)，表遗憾、惊奇、怀疑、不满或欣慰等语气。
虚拟语气用法详解
一、什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
（不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，所以用虚拟语气）If I had met Tom, I could have told him.If I had time, I could come to help you.He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.He speaks to us as if he had been there.A).条件从句的虚拟语气条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反be---were/ 动词---过去式would/ should/ might/ could + do与过去事实相反过去完成式would/ should/ might/ could + have done与将来事实相反were to/ should + do/动词---过去式would/ should/ might/ could + doIf I were you, I should/would not watch TV.If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party.If you hadn’t gone to the cinema, you would not have been late for class.If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.The plants in our garden __________ better if it had not rained so much last year.A. had grownB. would have grownC. were growingD. would growNote:a).条件从句中if 的省略，要倒装如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词、情态动词had, should, could，有时可将连词if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could之后。
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
I. 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。
( 真实)If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。
（不可能没有空气。
非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：If I were you,I would take an umbrella.2、表示与过去事实相反的情况:If I had gotten there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）## 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首## 在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等 But for his help,we would be working now.II.动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。
虚拟语气详解及时态
二、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句（常用形式主语it 来代替，结构为It is that…）中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词和过去分词，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
常这样用的形容词有：appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital等。
过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。
例如：It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。
其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
常这样用的名词有：resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request, idea 等。
例如：He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气详解（1）第一部分：语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
（完整版）虚拟语气详解
（完整版）虚拟语⽓详解虚拟语⽓详解虚拟语⽓表⽰说话⼈的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表⽰假象和猜测。
虚拟语⽓⽆论从形式上还是时态上都⽐较复杂，需要归类记忆。
虚拟语⽓⼤体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下⾯会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~（1）be型虚拟（基本是套路）形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略⽤法：1）表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等最常见的形式是这类动词后⾯接着⼀个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed.The manager suggested that we (should) work together.注意：有时候你所见到不⼀定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，⽽是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句)We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句)只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都⽤be型虚拟！特例：suggest和insist这两个⽐较特殊，当suggest作“暗⽰、表明、说明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后⾯⼀般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是⼀个⽐较重要的考点，体会下⾯两组句⼦：We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建⼀个实验室。
虚拟语气公开课全PPT课件
汇报人:
2023-12-22
目
CONTENCT
录
• 虚拟语气基本概念与分类 • 现在虚拟语气详解 • 过去虚拟语气详解 • 未来虚拟语气详解 • 混合时间虚拟语气详解 • 特殊句型中虚拟语气应用 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
01
虚拟语气基本概念与分类
定义及作用
虚拟语气定义
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用于表示与实际情况相反或不 太可能实现的假设、愿望、建议等。
注意事项和误区提示
注意区分虚拟语气和陈 述语气的使用场景，避 免混淆。
在使用虚拟语气时，要 确保主句和从句的时态 和语气保持一致。
注意虚拟语气中动词的 变化和省略形式的使用 。
避免在不需要使用虚拟 语气的场合误用虚拟语 气，导致表达不清或语 法错误。
03
过去虚拟语气详解
结构形式
基本结构
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词
省略形式
在特定的上下文或情景中，有时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，只保留were, had, should等词。
使用场景举例
条件状语从句
表示与现在事实相反的情况或假设，如“If I were you, I would accept the offer.”（如 果我是你，我会接受这个提议。）
宾语从句
省略形式
Had + 主语 + 过去分词，主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词
倒装形式
Had + 主语 + 过去分词，倒装部分（即把if省略， 把were, had, should提到句首）
虚拟语气用法
虚拟语气用法虚拟语气，又称“虚拟假设语气”，是指说话者或写作者在表达某种情况时，通过使用特定的语法形式来表示这种情况实际上并不存在或者与事实相反。
虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，它可以用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测等多种语境。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的各种用法及例句。
一、假设与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的情况或假设。
在这种情况下，谓语动词常以“would/could/should + 动词原形”或“were + 主语”等形式出现。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我有钱，我会环游世界。
If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.如果她学得更努力，她本来可以通过考试的。
2. 虚拟语气用于愿望：I wish I were taller.我希望我更高一些。
I wish you wouldn't be late for the meeting.我希望你不要迟到开会。
3. 虚拟语气用于建议：I suggest that he should see a doctor.我建议他去看医生。
It is recommended that every student study English.建议每个学生都学习英语。
二、与过去事实相反的情况虚拟语气还常用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
在这种情况下，主要使用“had + 过去分词”形式或其他相应的虚拟语气结构。
1. 虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的条件：If he had arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.如果他早点到，他就能赶上火车了。
If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.如果我知道你要来，我就会准备晚餐了。
虚拟语气的种类及用法详解
虚拟语气的种类及用法详解虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法现象，用来表达与事实相反、与现实相悖或假设情况下的语气。
虚拟语气分为几种不同的形式，每种形式都有其特定的用法和意义。
本文将详细介绍虚拟语气的种类以及相应的用法。
一、虚拟语气的种类1. 条件虚拟语气（the conditional subjunctive）条件虚拟语气用来表达假设情况下的语气，指不太可能或不可能发生的情况。
具体形式上，条件虚拟语气由"if"引导的句子中使用"were"代替"was"，虚拟语气的主要动词常为动词不定式。
例句：If I were a bird, I would fly to the highest mountain.（如果我是只鸟，我就飞到最高的山上。
）2. 建议虚拟语气（the subjunctive of suggestion）建议虚拟语气用于表达对他人的建议、命令或要求。
通常以动词原形出现。
需要注意的是，在现代英语中，建议虚拟语气的使用已经相对较少。
例句：I suggest that he eat more fruits and vegetables.（我建议他多吃水果和蔬菜。
）3. 祝愿虚拟语气（the subjunctive of wish）祝愿虚拟语气用来表达对与现实相反的愿望或希望。
主要由"as if"或"as though"引导的从句中使用虚拟语气形式的动词。
例句：I wish I were taller.（但事实上我并不高。
）4. 值得虚拟语气（the subjunctive of value）值得虚拟语气用于表达对某事的怀疑、否认、批评等感觉或观点。
常以"should"引导的从句中使用虚拟语气形式的动词。
例句：It is strange that she should arrive so late.（她竟然这么晚才到，真是奇怪。
(完整版)高中虚拟语气用法详解
一、什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
（不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，所以用虚拟语气）If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了Tom，我就告诉他了。
If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好像他去过那儿。
二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在一般用于简单句，宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，壮语从句以及同位于从句。
（下面我们分别看一下）1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令，它的谓语动词就是原形。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out！你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示建议、要求、决定或命令等，其谓语动词形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气一．条件句中的虚拟语气条件句分真实条件句和虚拟条件句.凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
eg.If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句,一般表示与事实相反的假设, 要用虚拟语气。
虚拟的形式主要反映在条件句中谓语动词的时态上.If条件句中1.if 引导的条件句中，如果所说的与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。
其具体的规则如下：如果他是你的话，他就会帮你。
If the weather were fine, I would go there.如果天气好，我去那儿。
（事实天气不好）If I were you, I would read it again.如果我是你的话, 我再读一遍。
（事实上我不是你）If I had time, I would study French.如果我有时间，我会学习法文。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。
2) If you had been more carefully, you would have passed.（与过去事实相反）如果你能更加细心一些，你就会通过（考试）了。
If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。
（事实上你没有听我的劝告）If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我，我就不会来参加你的舞会。
(事实上你邀请了我)If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
英语虚拟语气语法总结
英语虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气常常使学习英语的人感到困惑。
它需要我们以想象的方式来表达一种与事实不符的情况或假设。
在这篇文章中，我们将对英语虚拟语气进行总结并提供一些实用的例子。
一、虚拟语气的形式和用法虚拟语气的形式主要有：1. 过去式虚拟：用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。
例如："If I were rich, I would buy a yacht."（如果我富有，我会买一艘游艇。
）2. 过去完成式虚拟：用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
例如："If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam."（如果她学得更努力，她本来会通过考试的。
）3. 条件句中的虚拟语气：用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。
例如："If I had more time, I would go on a vacation."（如果我有更多时间，我会去度假。
）4. 愿望虚拟语气：用于表示对目前或过去情况的希望、期待。
例如："I wish I were taller."（但事实是我并不高。
）二、虚拟语气的用法详解1. 表示虚拟条件的句子虚拟条件句常常由“if”引导，其中包含一个假设性的陈述。
在这种情况下，我们使用过去时态来表示与现在事实相反的情况。
例如："If Iwere you, I would apologize."（如果我是你，我会道歉。
）这里的“were”是过去式虚拟的一种形式，用来表示与现实情况不符的假设。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气过去完成式虚拟经常出现在假设条件中。
例如："If she had told him the truth, he wouldn't have been angry."（如果她告诉了他真相，他不会生气。
虚拟语气的构成与用法详解
虚拟语气的构成与用法详解虚拟语气是指在表达某种假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况时使用的一种语气形式。
在汉语中，虚拟语气通常通过词语的选择、句子结构和语调等来表示。
虚拟语气的使用增强了表达者对所述情况的主观态度或情感色彩，具有一定的语气语法特点。
一、虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气的构成主要有以下几种形式：1. 动词的虚拟形式在某些动词后跟不定式或用于表达愿望、建议、推测等意思时，动词会采用虚拟形式。
例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（若我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）- I wish I could play the guitar.（但愿我能弹吉他。
）2. “should + 动词原形”在某些句子中，为了表示一种建议、命令或愿望，可使用“should + 动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。
例如：- It is important that you should arrive on time.（重要的是你应该准时到达。
）- He insisted that she should apologize.（他坚持她应该道歉。
）3. “were to + 动词原形”表示假设情况或对未来的推测，可以使用“were to + 动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。
例如：- If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。
）- Suppose he were to win the lottery, what would he do?（假设他中了彩票，他会怎么办？）二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在英语中常用于以下几种情况：1. 表示假设或假设条件虚拟语气常用于表达与现实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I had more money, I would travel around the world.（如果我有更多的钱，我会周游世界。
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If she had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could /might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。
如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish I had known the answer.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。
虚拟语气的几种形式及用法详解
虚拟语气的几种形式及用法详解虚拟语气是一种语法现象，用来表达说话人所述内容与事实相反，或者是一种假设、愿望、建议等未实现的情况。
虚拟语气在语言表达中起到了非常重要的作用，使得我们能够精准地表达自己的观点和意图。
本文将详细介绍虚拟语气的几种形式及其用法。
1. 虚拟语气的情态动词形式在虚拟语气中，情态动词是最重要的一部分。
我们常见的情态动词有"should"和"would"等。
当我们想要表达一种假设的情况时，可以使用这些情态动词。
例如：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.（如果我有钱，我将会周游世界。
）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I am not rich, so I cannot travel around the world.（我没有钱，所以不能周游世界。
）2. 表达愿望的虚拟语气虚拟语气在表达愿望时也扮演了重要的角色。
我们可以使用"if only"或者"would rather"来表达自己的愿望。
例如：I wish I were taller.（我希望自己长得更高。
）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I am not tall, so I feel a little bit disappointed.（我个子不高，所以有点失望。
）3. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气当我们想要表达与过去事实相反的情况时，也需要使用虚拟语气。
我们可以使用"had"的过去完成时态，并且配合"if"条件从句来表达这种情况。
例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我当时学习更用功，我就能通过考试了。
）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I didn't study hard enough, so I failed the exam.（我没有学习足够努力，所以考试没通过。
虚拟语气详解
考点一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的假设，句中的条件从句与主句1.错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，主从句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。
If the weather had been fine, the crop would be growing still better.If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.2.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。
常见的有but for(if it were not for 或if it had not been for) , without, in the absence of 等引导的短语，以及or, or else , otherwise, but等后面的分句。
Eg. Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him.He telephoned me to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.He could have done the work well, but he was so careless.To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.3.省略连词if采用倒装的非真实条件句if虚拟条件句中如果有should, had或were时，可以省略if，而将should, had 或were提到主语之前，也就是主谓要倒装。
虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气虚拟语气是表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想和建议。
一.虚拟条件句主要有下面两类。
1）表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句（表示怵然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况）：谓语主要形式如下：在从句中，不管第几人称动词be多用were这个形式。
（1）If you hurried, you would catch the bus.你要是赶紧是可以搭上车的。
（2）Y ou might be late if you went on foot.假如你步行你可能会迟到。
（3）If it were not raining, wo wouldn’t stay indoors.要是现在天不下雨，我们就不会呆在屋里了。
（4）If I knew French, I would read the book in the original.如果我懂法语我就要看这本书的原文了。
（5）What would you do suppose he were here?要是他在这里你怎么办？（6）How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!你要是能多停留些时候该多好！2）表示过去情况的虚拟条件句：谓语主要形式如下这类句子表示的是与事实相反的情况。
例如：（1）If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
（2）If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a terrible mistake.我要是不听你的劝告就犯大错了。
（3）She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.要不是忙她就来了（4）If it hadn’t been for him,we would have lost the game.要不是他，我们这场比赛就输了。
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能2. 中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
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虚拟语气详解(一).语气的定义和种类：1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴.陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
There are two sides to every question.Were you busy all day yesterday?How good a teacher she is!⑵.祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again!Don’t forget to turn off the light.⑶.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、推测、怀疑、建议等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.I wish I could pass the examination.May you succeed!(二). 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式。
表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种愿望、假设、推测、怀疑、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等。
语气全体现在主句或从句谓语动词的时态上。
谓语动词的时态是虚拟语气的核心。
虚拟语气题的做题主要分三步：1.判定该句是不是虚拟语气2.是哪种形式的虚拟语气。
即对现在的虚拟，对过去的虚拟还是对将来的虚拟。
3.从而选择相应的谓语动词形式。
下面就对虚拟语气分类详解：一.既含if条件句又含结果主句的虚拟语气谓语动词形式。
1.对现在和将来的虚拟可归为一类。
if条件句谓语动词用一般过去时（其中be动词不分人称始终用were），主句/结果句选择相应的情态动词would、could、should、might＋do （动词原形）。
If I were you, I would take immediate action.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I could pay Mr. Smith a visit.If there were no gravity, we shouldn’t be able to walk.If there were enough people, we could do the work by ourselves.If I had time, I would do some shopping with you.If I knew her address, I would tell you.2.对将来的虚拟也可以单列开来。
If条件句谓语动词也可用were to＋do(表与将来事实相反的假设)，或should＋do（可能性很小常译为“万一”，比较正式常用于书面语中）。
主句/结果句选择相应的情态动词would、could、should、might＋do.If you were to come/came tomorrow, I might have time to see you.If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her about your decision.If it should rain tomorrow, what should we do?If I should see him, I’ll tell him.If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.有时条件句用would表意愿。
If he could give me a hand, he would do so.= could he give me a hand, he would do so.(少用) If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 我仍愿做他妻子。
(少用)3.对过去的虚拟。
If条件句谓语动词用过去完成时had done，主句/结果句选择相应的情态动词would、could、should、might＋have done.If I had left a little earlier, I could have caught the first bus.I wouldn’t have been criticized/punished by our English teacher, if I had finished my homework.If I hadn’t had the accident, I should have met you at the airport.注意：1.if 条件句谓语动词都是朝前推一个时态。
2.充分注意虚拟语气中所暗含的时间状语。
3.条件句与结果句前后根据情况可调换。
二.有时条件句的动作与结果句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据时间加以调整。
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.You would be much better now if you had taken/followed my advice.If I were you, I would have gone with her.If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have finished my work on time and mostly likely I would be still working now.三.有时虚拟条件句中不用if条件句而用介词短语，动词不定式短语,分词短语等来表示。
Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time.Without air, no one could live.Without electricity human life would be quite difficult today.But for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.We didn’t know the phone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.It would be a good idea to go swimming at the Summer Palace.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
I should be happy to go with you.To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.四.把真实句和虚拟句融合在一块。
真实句该用什么时态用什么时态。
I ought to/should have gone with you, but I was too busy.He remained very calm, otherwise he would have been found out.五.如果if条件句中含有were、had、should则可把它们提到句首，省去if半倒装。
（主要用于书面语）Were he to leave today, he would get to Beijing in three days.Were I you, I would do it at once.I will go, should it be necessary.Should she help us, everything would be all right soon.Had you come earlier, you could have met his idol.注：在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do the job, he would fail completing the bridge on time. 而不能说Weren't I to do.六.省去if条件句或结果主句。
（常表愿望）That would be fine.(省略了if you should do/did it.)You might stay here forever. you wanted to.)I wouldn’t have done it. (省略了if I were you.)Who would have thought of it? (谁会想到是这样子呢？)If only he were here.If only I could help you.二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
(1).wish引起的宾语从句。
wish后的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气。
分三类：A)对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去时I wish I were you.I wish I spoke English fluently.I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.B)对将来虚拟也可用could、would、might（should少）＋do.(时间上较后)(请注意：主和从句的主语不相同)。
用wish表示对将来事情的主观愿望.I wish it would stop raining.I wish you would be quiet.I wish he might stay with me.You wished she would arrive the next day.I wish she would change her mind.He will wish we would join him the following week.C)对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，偶尔也可用would、could、might＋have done.I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.I wish you had called earlier.I wish I had taken your advice.I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to school.注意：1.wish后宾语从句的虚拟时态与wish本身的时态无关。