阅读理解之推理判断题——真题再现

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中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义

阅读理解-推理判断题【错题回顾】错题一．Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出结论）that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.52. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .A. may be more talkative and outgoingB. are ordinary people like right-handersC. might remember everyday things betterD. no longer need to use right-handed tools学生解答：52. D正确答案：52. B解析：全文并没有明确的信息判断。

阅读理解之推理判断

阅读技巧之------推理判断题推断隐含意义（Case1）Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle."●The sound of this beetle ________.A. pleased people.B. surprised people.C. frightened people.D. excited people.(Case 2) Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.●The author implies that several types of bison______.A. live outside the United Stated and CanadaB. are well adapted to swampy terrainC. existed before the Ice AgeD. have been killed or have died out(2012重庆卷) To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒) ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的). So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱). What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the "introduction this wonderful new fruit -- or is it a vegetable?" As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit".But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of?" he shouted. "I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.●What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3?A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.●What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To challenge people's fixed concept of the tomatoB. To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomatoC. To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomatoD. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence推断作者的观点和态度（Case 1） Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering —can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’sa natural—and healthy—emotional response.●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.(Case 2) Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival.Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. nervous(2102浙江卷) Easter is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! — but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.●Which best describes the writer's tone in the postage?A. Approving.B. Concerned.C. Enthusiastic.D. Doubtful.推断作者的写作目的（Case 1）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.A. test the readers’ knowledge about wavesB. draw the readers’ attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylor’s importanceD. invite the readers to answer them (Case 2) A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home.●The writer wrote the story in order to________.A. show that elephants are very cleverB. tell how a woman trained a wild animalC. show that women care more for animals than men doD. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife(2012高考湖北卷)Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day’s work is done.So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of t he shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we’d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.●What does the author imply about newspapers?A. They are solution providers.B. They are a source of inspiration.C. They are normally full of bad news.D. They are more educational than websites.●The author writes the last paragraph in order to _______.A. offer practical suggestionsB. summarize past experiencesC. advocate diverse ways of lifeD. establish a routine for the future推断文章出处（Case 1）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.●This text is most probably taken from a ______.A. textbookB. newsreelC. doctor’s notebookD. bottle of medicine (Case2) More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.●This text is taken from _____.A. a medical magazineB. a police reportC. an advertisementD. a government information booklet【2012福建卷】At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life，and he obviously knew it. "You may wonder, Sir Percival,’’ said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from my promise to many you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much.“His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet."No, if we are going to withdraw.(退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine.“Mine?” he said in great surprise. “What reason could I have for withdrawing?’"A reason that is very hard to tell you," she answered. "There is a change in me. ”His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side."What change?" he asked, trying to appear calm.“ When the promise was made two years ago, ” she said, 44 my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?”“I wish you to understand, “ Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow mc to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive mc and keep my secret."‘I will do both those things, “ he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more. "I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage, “ she added quietly.“ No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you, “ he said.●The passage is probably taken out of .A. a novelB. a reportC. a diaryD. an essay推断下文内容（Case1)When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________.A. fireB. huntingC. farmingD. urbanization（Case2）the ability to capture your audience when you walk into a room is sure to start you off on the right foot when going on an interview. Non-verbal signals have five times the impact of verbal signals. So you can count on losing your audience when you walk in with head down, dragging your feet regardless how much you try to change it.●What is mainly talked about in the next?A. How to prepare for a job interview.B. the way we walk says a lot about us.C. How to read a person from the way he walks.D. How to improve our health by walking.课堂练习1（2012江苏高考）Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.We’d just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. "Are you crying?" one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. "I am," I told her, "and the funny thing i s I've read it many times. "But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate .For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic worksof literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school--one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s.Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, "it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness. " I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白)read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white. " His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.●The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________A. realize our dreamsB. give support to our lifeC. smooth away difficultiesD. awake our emotions●The author writes the passage mainly to________.A. introduce classic works of literatureB. advocate teaching literature to touch the heartC. argue for equality among high school studentsD. defend the current testing system课堂练习2【2012山东卷】The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem —their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.●What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems.B. To give a warning to other countriesC. To show the importance of moneyD. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.●What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.C. The island was abandoned by the NauruansD. The phosphate mines were destroyed。

高中英语阅读理解之推断题(思维导图+练习含答案)

阅读理解之推断题（解析版）推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。

解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。

在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。

推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。

推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。

每年每套题通常会有4～6 题。

一、思维导图推断隐含意义思维导图二、方法点拨(一)推理判断题题干常用词一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：know about, learn from, infer, imply, suggest, conclude, purpose, attitude, probably, most likely等。

(二)推理判断题正确选项特征推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。

如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。

(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。

推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。

2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。

题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。

高中英语高考专练07 应用文体类阅读理解(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练

表国家、组织、地点：the USA=the United States of America，the PRC=the People’s Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的”Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip udes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。

阅读理解专题——推理判断题(词义猜测+推断隐含意思)+课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习

这类试题主要是要求考生推断隐含意义，有时也会要求考生评价文本中的相关人物及事物、推断文章出处、识别语篇类型，以及推断文中人物或组织的观点态度等。
推断隐含意思
推断隐含意思
要求推断言外之意或弦外之音常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
题干常有can, could, probably, likely等
练习：名师指津P108 （四）
My mom's annual visits to my school sparked (激发) interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.
than, on the contrary, on the other hand等
考点4：作出判断和推理
这类试题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
练习：名师指津P108 （四） Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. I fretted that my teachers would label me the “Jewish kid”.

阅读理解专项训练之推理判断题(2019年模拟题真题中精选习题)

此类题型要求考生在理解原文的基础上，通过文中细节提示、语义逻辑关系、推测文章隐含的意思，即言外之意。

考生除了准确理解相关答题句，应根据文中提供的已知事实为依据，做出合理的推断。

推断题的某个选项往往涉及文中已知的正确信息，以此干扰学生。

此类题目的答案通常不能从文中直接得出，必须为推断所得，因此当选项为文中明确指出的表面信息时，大都可马上排除。

一.如何推断隐含意义第一题While Solar Foods does not expect Solein to challenge conventional protein production methods in the next two decades, it does expect it to become a “new harvest” for humanity, which is significant considering so far we have only relied on plants and animals for sustenance. The Helsinki-based company plans to open its first Solein factory at the end of 2021 and scale up production to two billion meals per year by 2022.(2019年杭州地区（含周边）重点中学第一学期期中卷)Q：What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The company thinks Solein would have a rewarding future.B. Solein is supposed to challenge traditional protein production.C. There is still a long way for Solein to be put into production.D.Humans can completely rely on Solein to survive.第二题Although some psychologists remain skeptical about whether music may have powerful effects on our thinking, a number of studies he shown that listening to music can increase people's spatial reasoning abilities. Furthermore, it is clear that music can greatly influence our emotions. Personally significant music activates areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward, the same areas that are activated by sex and good food.(2019年湖州、衢州、丽水三地市教学质量检测试卷)Q：It can be learned from paragraph 4 that____________.A. no doubt music can increase people's thinking ability.B. music simply gives people positive emotions.C. only music can give pople pure pleasure and reward.D. music has a great influence on human beings.第三题But many think the campaign against okadas is not mature. Whether Mr. Fasgola can successfully carry out his measures is another matter. After he previously ordered okada riders to buy helmets, many wore old paint cans and melon rinds (瓜皮).(2019年嘉兴市高中学科基础测试)Q：What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply?A. The green concept is most welcome in Nigeria.B. Lagosians are creative and full of imagination.C. Lagosians didn't fully support Mr. Fashola's measures.D. The campaign against okadas didn't catch public attention.二.如何推断作者观点和态度第四题Though the lack of attention on P.E. is often justified as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance. Regular activity during the school day is strongly associated with higher concentration levels. A statewide policy in North Carolina requires that children from kindergarten to eighth grade participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day.(浙江省十校联盟2019年10月高三联考)Q：What is the author's possible attitude towards the policy in North Carolina?A. ScepticalB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D.Objective.第五题Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all this bad news.This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.A. complainB. apologizeC. amuseD. inform第六题According to a 2016 NASA study, if global warming continues, the arctic sea ice could disappear completely by around 2040, leaving polar bears to be seen only in places like aquariums. Andrew Derocher, a professor at the University of Alberta who studies polar bears, said, “Climate changes is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, forcing them to spend more time on land closer to humans. It deserves further attention.”(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟（Z20联盟）2020届第二次联考卷)Q：What is Andrew Derocher's attitude to the rising temperature in the Arctic Circle?A. ConcernedB. Indifferent.C. Satisfied.D. Ambiguous.三.如何推断写作目的第七题People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economie (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which ereated the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but afew people left fives, tens, and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board. (2019年6月浙江高考卷) What did Bridge want to show by mentioning the bride?A. Women tended to be more sociable.B. The activity attracted various people.C. Economic problems were getting worse.D. Young couples needed financial assistance.第八题The greater Northen Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched (炙烤) by both record and near-record temperatures this summer, a consequence of overall rising temperatures. A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while the cold-adapted reindeer (驯鹿) cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.Why is a photo mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To recommend a way to cool off in hot weather.B. To reveal the scorching weather in some places.C. To introduce how Scandinavian folks live in summer.D. To show the relationship between humans and animals.四.如何判断文章出处第九题From ancient stories to modern researches, the label (标签) attached to being left-handed is undeniable. Left-handed people, or “lefties” as they are often called, are generally believed to be good at art—Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso and Michelangelo are all left-handed.Our brain is divided into two parts: the left hemisphere (大脑半球) and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere, linked to logic and analysis, is responsible for the right side of the body. The right hemisphere, linked to creativity and imagination, controls the left side of the body…However, a recent study carried out by scientists from University of Liverpool in the UK and the University of Milan in Italy proved this theory wrong…(2019年嘉兴市高中学科基础测试卷)The text is mostly probably taken from_________?A. a medical reportB. a science magazineC. a biology textbookD. an education essay第十题The Kirtland's warbler (莺) has required protections since the foundation of Endangered Species Act (ESA), but that's about to change. The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) today announced it is removing the songbird from the endangeredspecies list. (2019年“七彩阳光”新高考研究卷)The passage is probably taken from________.A. a science fictionB. a news reportC. a biographyD. a novel第十一题Since then, he has performed many musical vigils (守夜). Sometimes they're almost festive, with terminally ill people surrounded by family, singing and dancing. Other times, they're quieter, as Fuller's experience with his mom was. And sometimes they feel like a miracle.That was the case with Pam Golightly's stepfather, Dennis Strobel. He enjoyed country music, and Swan Songs sent Fuller. When Fuller reached the hospital that day last February, Strobel seemed ready to say goodbye. Golightly and her sister, Paula Guerra, watched their stepdad's every breath, each holding one of his hands. Fuller played some songs, sang the last note, and hit the last guitar chord, and he took his last breath,” Fuller says.(2019年“七彩阳光”新高考研究卷)The author mentioned Strobel's case mainly to________.A. stress the popularity of Swan SongsB. highlight the charm of Fuller's musicC. show Golightly's love for her stepfatherD. share the experience of attending parents.第十二题1. “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.2. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on…at this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.” (2019年全国卷2)What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A. She knows little about the club.B. She isn't good at aports.C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.D. She's unable to meet her schedule.第十三题Studies have shown that damaging a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences. If someone experiences damage to Broca's area (布罗卡氏区), for example, they can understand language but can't speak fluently. (2019年浙江“七彩阳光”联盟期初联考卷)It can be inferred that Broca's area is responble for__________?A. listening.B. writing.C. speaking.D. reading.第十四题Private-school chains are not perfect, but their rivals (对手) are usually worse. Of the 337 million primary-school-age children who cannot reach basic international standards, three-quarters are in school and most of them are in public shools. Not to try something different would be shameful.(2019年浙江省新高考研究卷四)What's the author's attitude towards private schools in developing countries?A. Disapproving.B. Favorable.C. Indifferent.D. Sensitive.第十五题That was the case with Pam Golightly's stepfather, Dennis Strobel. He enjoyed country music, and Swan Songs sent Fuller. When Fuller reached the hospital that day last February, Strobel seemed ready to say goodbye. Golightly and her sister, Paula Guerra, watched their stepdad's every breath, each holding one of his hands. Fuller played some songs, sang the last note, and hit the last guitar chord, and he took his last breath,” Fuller says.“It was a gift for us all,” Golightly says of Fuller's singing. “At a really sad time, it was beautiful.” (2019年“七彩阳光”新高考研究卷)What is Golightly's attitude towards Fuller's singing?A. Ambiguous.B. Grateful.C. Tolerant.D. Doubtful.第十六题Online shopping has become more and more popular these years. Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping, according to a study published last week in the US.For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women, but during the 2019 holiday season 59 percent of those shopping online were women. (2020年山东新高考英语全真模拟卷一)Where does the passage probably come from ?A. an introduction textbookB. a news coverageC. an essay collectionD. brochure答案：ADCBA ABBBB BCCBB B。

新高考2021届高考英语小题必练14阅读理解之推理判断题

(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。

(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。

1.推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论【典例】（2020·全国1卷B 篇节选）There are three books I reread annually.The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast . Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm , her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight : Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He’s an editor.C. He’s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。

阅读理解中的推理判断与推断能力(练习题及)

阅读理解中的推理判断与推断能力（练习题及）一、练习题1. 根据以下短文回答问题：在一个晴朗的早晨，小明骑着自行车去上学。

他经过了一片森林，看到了许多不同种类的树木。

他注意到一种树叶颜色特别鲜艳，决定采一片回家留作纪念。

他发现这种树叶上有小小的红点。

小明观察到这种树叶在树上只长在阳光直射的地方。

他推断这种红点是由阳光引起的，阳光直射的位置养分较多，树叶不太容易受到风雨侵蚀。

问题：小明是如何推断这种树叶上的小红点的？2. 根据以下短文回答问题：李雷和韩梅是好朋友，他们两人分别住在城市的两个不同区域。

有一天，李雷打电话给韩梅说：“我突然发现在我居住的区域里，超市里的菜价比以前贵了很多，而且交通拥堵情况也越来越严重。

你觉得你那边的情况怎么样呢？”韩梅答道：“奇怪，我这边的超市菜价相对较低，交通也没有拥堵的情况。

也许我们可以通过数据来比较一下两个区域的情况。

”问题：韩梅是如何通过数据比较分析两个区域的情况的？二、解答1. 小明推断这种树叶上的小红点是由阳光引起的，基于以下观察：- 小红点只出现在阳光直射的位置；- 阳光直射的位置养分较多，树叶不太容易受到风雨侵蚀。

通过这些观察，小明可以推断阳光引起了这种树叶上的小红点。

2. 韩梅通过数据比较分析两个区域的情况，可能采取以下步骤：- 收集李雷所在区域的超市菜价和交通拥堵情况的数据；- 收集自己所在区域的超市菜价和交通情况的数据；- 对两个区域的数据进行比较分析，包括计算平均菜价、比较交通拥堵指数等；- 根据比较分析的结果得出结论，判断两个区域的情况异同。

通过以上数据比较分析，韩梅可以了解两个区域的超市菜价和交通状况是否存在差异，并得出结论。

热点练03阅读理解之推理判断题(热点话题)-2022年高考英语专练(新高考专用) 解析版

热点练03 阅读理解之推理判断题（热点话题）推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：A.对文章内容，结构等进行判断推理1. We can infer from the Passage that__________.2. What can be inferred from the Passage?3. Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5. The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6. The writer implies that__________.7. It can be inferred that__________.8. It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.9. On the whole, we can conclude that__________.10. From the text we can conclude that__________.11. After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.12. What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?B. 观点态度题的推理判断13. The author is inclined to think that__________.14. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________.15. What’s the writer’s tone/attitude/feeling towards...?16. In the writer’s opinion,...考向1：涉及文章中心思想处常考文章中心思想与作者观点态度是密切相关的，做题思路跟主旨题相似。

专题8.阅读理解---推理判断题(解析版)--(2020-2023)三年新高考英语真题+两年模拟题分

Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.

阅读理解专项—推理判断题

阅读理解专项—推理判断题—高中新课标下的一个英语教学案例设计江苏省宝应县安宜高级中学英语组李玮玮阅读理解专项—推理判断题【教学反思】估计问题：课时容量（加拓展部分）较大，要求内容展开速度较快，学生可能出现跟不上节奏的问题、兴趣低落等问题。

解决方案：从细节上做到每一步骤操作性很强，避免学生在某一步骤受阻。

如经典试题1可以给学生作适当分析，让他们有规律可循。

成功之处：1、该课流程清晰有条理，且能突出重点，注重对学生阅读理解的微技能训练。

2、该课当中采用了较多的教学方法和手段，成功地调动了学生的学习兴趣，并能引导学生进行扎实有效的思维训练，培养了学生的逻辑分析能力和综合概括能力，随堂检测效果明显。

3、多媒体教学直观地呈现了该课教学流程，节省了大量的时间，提高了课堂的教学效率。

4、师生互动频繁，充分锻炼和提高了学生的英语语言表达能力。

5、同时该课也采用了“分层教学”和“任务型教学”的新理念，教学中分别为不同层面的学生设计了学习任务，并且让学生走上讲台自主发挥，锻炼了学生的自主学习能力，让他们能够充分享受到英语学习的乐趣。

6、小组活动，严格遵循本课“为用而学”的设计思路，充分培养了学生的团队合作意识和竞争意识。

7、运用图式理论进行阅读教学，使文章结构化，把其主要内容分层次结合到学生头脑中贮存信息的网络中，这样不仅可帮助学生更好地理解课文内容，更重要的是帮助他们打开阅读思路，掌握阅读技巧，培养阅读能力，提高阅读水平。

不足之处：1、该课作为公开课，同时又是借班上课，因此学生的课堂纪律要好于往常，但也因此带来了一个严重的问题，上课前几分钟，课堂气氛相对紧张，很多学生不敢开口，同时在一定程度上影响了自身的教学情绪，譬如课堂声音较小。

2、由于推理判断题的难度较大以及课堂容量等因素，因此设计该课时更加关注的是如何向学生展示一些解题的实用技能，培养学生的自主学习能力，因此忽视了对学生交流合作意识的培养。

LeeWeiwei2011-6-23。

高三英语阅读理解：推理判断题

B 细节理解题。由最后一段的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages可知，Gershwin去世的消息在各地的头条都被报道出来。
5. Which of the following best describes Gershwin?
(一 )
1. Many of Gershwin’s musical works were ____ . A. written about New Yorkers B. composed for Paul Whiteman C. played mainly in the countryside D. performed in various ways D 事实细节题。由第二段最后一句Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country可知，多年来这些歌曲都以不同的方式 (从爵士乐到乡村乐) 被人传唱着。
解析：最后一句的字面意思“另外900个人极度忧虑不安地观望着他们 (控制武器的那100个人)，担心能否跟他们和睦相处”，根据常识，可推知这 900个人是渴望和平的，只有在和平的世界里，他们才不再忧虑，不再担心。故选A。
［例3］ 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. C. Educators. B. Adolescents. D. People in general.
［例2］ 63.The last sentence in the text implies that most of the people long for ____.

2021高考英语典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解(解析版)

备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解【技巧释义】高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。

一、长难句的常见形式1.复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。

其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。

主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”.分析此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。

在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。

2.分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。

此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。

“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas w here the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.提醒分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。

高三英语阅读理解推理判断题推理依据分析单选题30题

高三英语阅读理解推理判断题推理依据分析单选题30题1.In the passage, it is mentioned that the character is always wearinga hat. We can infer that the character _____.A.is a fashion modelB.likes hats very muchC.has a problem with his headD.is going on a trip答案：B。

解析：文中提到人物总是戴着帽子，由此可推断出这个人很喜欢帽子。

A 选项时尚模特在文中未提及相关依据；C 选项头有问题也没有细节暗示；D 选项去旅行也没有线索表明。

2.The author describes a beautiful garden in the story. From this, we can assume that _____.A.the main character is a gardenerB.the story takes place in springC.the author loves natureD.there will be a party in the garden答案：C。

解析：作者描述了一个美丽的花园，可推断出作者热爱自然。

A 选项主角是园丁文中未提及；B 选项故事发生在春天没有依据；D 选项花园里会有派对也无根据。

3.The text says that everyone in the town is talking about a new movie. We can conclude that _____.A.the movie is very popularB.the town has only one movie theaterC.the movie is free to watchD.the people in the town have nothing else to do答案：A。

高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题(二)含答案

2022高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题（二）1.文章来源和读者对象推断推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识,这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。

比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出正确的答案。

主要设题方式有:1．This passage would be most likely to be found in .2．The passage is probably taken from .3．Where does this text probably come from?4．Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?5．The text is intended for .2.推理判断题选项特点(1)正确选项特点:◆是“弦外之音”,是立足原文推断出来的内容,而不是直接叙述的具体信息。

◆没有绝对概念的字眼,如only,never,all,absolutely等。

因为是根据原文推断出来的内容,略有模糊成分,留有余地,常含有usually,may,some,might,can,possibly等词汇。

(2)干扰选项特点:◆张冠李戴。

使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式,但不是本题的内容。

◆颠倒是非。

选项内容涉及了原文中提及的内容,但是选项意思与之恰恰相反。

◆无中生有。

这类选项往往是基本的生活常识,观点是正确的,但不是本文表示的内容。

◆扩缩范围。

原文中可能出现了像almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,usually等词语对文章内容加以限制,干扰项改变了原文范围。

◆曲解文意。

根据文中某一句话或者利用了里面的字词设计出选项,看似表达了文章的意思,实际上是借题发挥,曲解了文章原意。

典例精析1：Whaley got the idea of this second－grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to _________.A．help students see their own strengthsB．assess students' public speaking skillsC．prepare students for their future jobsD．inspire students' love for politics根据“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。

专题 10 阅读理解之推理判断题-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(上海专用)(解析版)

专题10 阅读理解之推理判断题【考情分析】推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型。

它要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的推理与判断。

推理与判断两者密不可分，推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。

考生要运用逻辑能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。

因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，从而理解文章的深层次含义。

【考点梳理】推理判断题一般分为逻辑推理、观点态度、目的意图、文章出处四个命题方向。

下面就这四个常见出题方式解析如下：在高考英语阅读理解中，推理判断题主要考查学生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的推理判断能力，属理解层次较高的题目。

推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理，推理和判断相互依存。

这类题要求考生在理解字面意思的基础上做出符合情理的推理和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意思或深层的意思。

也就是通过文章的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系以及事物发展的规律，推断出作者没有直接表达出来的观点和态度。

常见的题干有：（1）What can be inferred from the text？（2）What can we conclude from...？（3）When the writer talks about...，what does he really mean？（4）Which of the following can be inferred from the text？判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。

推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。

我们建议学生应该遵循下列四项基本原则：（1）判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意;（2）全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论;（3）善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合;（4）不可直接选取文中的原句。

【辉哥审校】阅读理解之推理判断题

阅读理解之推理判断题老师叮咛：阅读理解题目虽然种类繁多，但解题的钥匙只有“主题”、“态度”、“细节”这三把。

在实战过程中，我们要么可以借助主题和态度直接做答，要么需要在理解主题和态度的基础上，回文章定位查找具体的细节信息。

请记住，一个聪明的主动阅读者，根本不需要从头到尾读完整篇文章，只要有意识地读懂这三件事就行了。

因为只要读懂了主题、态度和重要细节，其实就等于读懂文章了，后面的题目当然能够迎刃而解！于是，只要你有意识地训练“找到并读懂主题”、“找到读懂态度”、“找到并读懂重要细节”这三大能力，阅读理解满分指日可待。

在后面的正式课程中，辉哥会带你对三大法宝进行集中训练，只要听话照做，没有学不会的。

不久之后你也能像阅读高手一样，分分钟读完一篇文章、明明白白地斩获满分！下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理、审核、校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生免费下载、打印、学习、背诵。

一、解题指导所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。

即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。

据以推断的有关文字信息有可能是几个词，也有可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。

推理判断题主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断写法意图等。

但以推断隐含意义的题目居多。

推断隐含意义的题干中常常含有infer (推断), suggest (暗示), imply (暗示), indicate (暗示),conclude (推断、得出结论) 等词语。

二、解题技巧既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。

1. 推断题答题步骤：(1) 定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。

(2) 字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。

2021届高考英语高三二轮复习：阅读理解之推理判断题含答案

阅读理解之推理判断题推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。

它包括判断和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。

所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

常见的题干有：1. It can be inferred from the text that…2. We can conclude that…3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that…4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，根据高考对阅读理解之推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。

细节推断题常见的设问方式：It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.The author mainly suggests that ________.It can be concluded from the passage that_______.The writer implies but not directly states _______.What does the author imply about newspapers?细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。

专题15科学技术类阅读理解-2020年高考英语语法和题型考前一遍过(解析版)

2020年高考英语语法和题型考前一遍过15 科学技术真题1.C【2019·全国I】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.D. It'll help speed up typing.C. It'll be made of plastics.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.2.D【2019·全国II】Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a ha rd business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says hisstudents are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.3.D【2019·全国III】Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it."This indicates that there is a certain way quant ity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.答案2019全国1-31.C【2019·全国I】【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

专题05阅读理解(记叙文)--2021年新高考英语题型分类研读与训练 (真题+新题)(解析版)

05 阅读理解-记叙文一．考点综述阅读理解记叙文类从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解故事或事情的始末。

命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

二．真题再现【2020·山东卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed （牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 3224. What did Jennifer do after high school? （）A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? （）A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? （）A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （）A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.【答案】4. C 5. A6. B 7. C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

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阅读理解之推理判断题——真题再现
【2015·广东】
Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular wor d game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purcha sing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box haven’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”
Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in facto ry-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.
“You should put that up for auction (拍
卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.
“Yes, you’re right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I can’t imagin e there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”
“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled. “No problem.” P eter said.
After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for hi s game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit S earch. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes o f the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking fo r various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.
Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.
“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”
The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh,hi!”
“I’ve got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000.
Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.
“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”
26. Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game?
A. It was made around 40 years ago.
B. It had game boards in different sizes.
C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.
D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.
27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game?
A. Old and handy.
B. Rare and valuable.
C. Classic and attractive.
D. Colorful and interesting
28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _________.
A. an auction
B. the Internet
C. a game shop
D. the second-hand shop
29. What happened at the end of the story?
A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.
B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.
C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.
D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.
30. What is the main theme of the story?
A. It’s important to keep a promise.
B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.
C. We should be grateful for the help from others.
D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.
【文章大意】：本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的游戏盒子，并到网上拍卖。

结果他挣了1000美元。

为了感激这位女销售员，他给了她300美元做为回报。

26. A细节理解题。

根据“I can’
t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years lat er.”可知这个游戏盒子大约在40年前制造的。

故选A。

27. B推理判断题。

根据the salesgirl said,“Oh, look, the game box hasn’
t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.”可知这个女销售员认为这个游戏盒子没有打开过，可能值钱，有价值。

故选B。

28. B推理判断题。

根据
The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the g ame…..He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the gam
e.可知Peter是从网上得知这个游戏爱好者的名字。