2017高中英语§ 专题二 定语从句提高篇 §

§2017暑假专题二定语从句提高篇§

1. 指人时宜用who 的情况:

a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those, these 时, 关系代词用who。

b. 在there be 开头的句子中。

c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。

d. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who, 以免重复。

e. 在非限定性定语从句中。

2. 指物时宜用that 的情况:

a. 当先行词为all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。

b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

c. 当先行词是疑问词who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词who , what , which 打头时。

d. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

e. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every, few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。

f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。

3. 指物只能用which 不能用that 的情况。

a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。

c. that, those作主语时。

4. whose指物时, 可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系:

5. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

6. 先行词前有such、the same、as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的。

7. 定语从句与强调结构

It is the place where they lived before. / It is in the place that they lived before.

第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place, that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。

8. As 和which的辨析关系。

a. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

b. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which.

【当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.】

He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.

c. as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如be known, be said, be reported等, 如从句中行为动词是主动语态, 一般要用which作主语。

d. 在such…as…、the same…as…、as…、as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。

9. “One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语动词通常用复数形式, 跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

如果one of +复数名词前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，定语从句在意义上修饰的是one而不是那个复数名词。

10. 关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联, 两者之间存在密切的联系。

a. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词＋which/whom”代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,

The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句, 若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时, 需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。

b. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when, where, why, 且that常可以省略。

This is the time （when/that）he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

11. 用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点。按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看例句:

“含有抽象地点意义的名词”, 此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。常表抽象地点的词有point, case, activity, situation, position, job, stage等

拓展：由此类推，定语从句中还会有出现when来引导英语从句来修饰先行词表达抽象的时间的情况。Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.

12. 如同汉语一样, 英语也经常运用"否定之否定"的修饰手段来表达肯定的涵义.

There is no rule but has exceptions. 凡是规则, 都有例外.

这个句子的意思相当于Every rule has exceptions. 是通过"双重否定"(double negation)或"加重否定"(cumulative negation)的no和but的连用来加强语势; 后一句是正面的说法, 语气较弱. 在上一个句型中,but 是关系代词, 表达that(or who)not的意味. There is no one but knows it. / There no man but thanked him.

1. The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

2. There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.

3. I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.

4. The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.

5. She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.

6. All that can be done has been done.

7. He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

8. Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

9. This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.

10. This is one of the very book that I am looking for.

11. Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

12. Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

13. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

14. Those which are on the desk are English books.

15. This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue.

16. He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

17. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

18. --Where did you find your professor? --It was in the lecture hall _____ he delivered the speech last time.

19. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. （不用as）

20. The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. （不用as）

21. She has been late again, as was expected.

22. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

23. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

24. The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

25. Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school?

26. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.

27. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

28. She’ll never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before.