2010年中山大学考博英语真题
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年考研英语真题及答案真题部分:Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Is Feeling the Real Skill?A fundamental difference between our brain and a computer is the size of our working memory. Working memory holds the 1_______ (1) we need to think and make sense of the world. A bit like the whiteboard we have2_______ (2) school, it's where we do our mental 3_______ (3). But crucially, our working memory has a severely limited capacity: it can hold only four items at 4_______ (4). By contrast, the long-term memory at our fingertips via Google is 5_______ (5).The notion that 6_______ (6) it is to "download information" nowadays ruins the cerebral fun. After 7_______ (7) we have four items in our working memory or fewer, the space is 8_______ (8) for daydreams, fantasies and emotion. An obsession with 9_______ (9) multitudes of facts and figures challenges our brain's ability to learn, as well as how much it can deal 10_______ (10) partly because it's usually uninteresting despite the onslaught 11_______ (11) compelling facts.In addition, 12_______ (12) heavy reliance on technology is forcing radical changes to a century-old system of 13_______ (13) that may notwork properly. We will need to teach people differently if heavy use of Google is 14_______ (14) our mental approach. A good lesson for education is to ensure learners are curious and engaged and to 15_______ (15) the chance for them to find answers.0. A. notion B. information C. imagination D. fiction1. A. aspect B. measure C. truth D. thought2. A. left on B. bought from C. written on D. brought up3. A. show B. work C. process D. effect4. A. once B. yet C. even D. instead5. A. bare B. limited C. vast D. everlasting6. A. easy B. common C. difficult D. ironic7. A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion D. occasions8. A. left B. driven C. taken D. given9. A. learning B. memorizing C. forgetting D. sharing10. A. of B. into C. with D. for11. A. at B. on C. of D. for12. A. this B. that C. a D. an13. A. marking B. studying C. examination D. assessment14. A. to change B. changing C. to have changed D. to be changing15. A. limit B. take C. keep D. set参考答案:0. A 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A5. C6. C7. D8. A9. B10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B15. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1There are two classic neurological accounts of how you recognize your home. One says you look for a particular place surrounded by a globally unique set of buildings in an overall configuraTION that is familiar. The other says you come in by one of the roads that lead up to your front door. Each theory is about equally correct, which necessarily means each is about equally wrong—for reasons we shall come to.Then after you park—it’s only now that you feel you have really come home. You open the front door. And you step in. There is no flash of lightning, no sudden, overpowering sensation that says “this is home, I definitely know that…”—in fact, the sensation is so weak and unremarkablethat it would not even pass most psychologists’ test for “awareNESS”. Your sense of you and your sense of home come together in the end, we suggest, only by good organization of the interaction of several different areas of the brain.The particular way the familiar street geometry fits together around your home may indeed form a key part of the representation of home place in your brain. But surely this information reaches your brain only after the composition and layout of the buildings have been spatially coded by the areas that subserve perception of shape, tracings and layout? Then again, how could you, even in principle, perceive the streets around your home layout and location, without the functioning of your long-term memory and your personality-mood-system?And in what format does this memory of place exist? It obviously includes the ability to recognize and recall particular street sequences, but does it also include the ability to monitor your speed and keep track of how far you have moved through the world?What, for example, is the home place in the reference frame of the dynamic optic flow that you see as you walk or drive on the streets around your house? It would surely be an absurd proposition to suggest that the mathematical model of the optic flow should be used to retain and recall your memory of place?Our point, then, is that we expect both theories of landmark recognition to be correct and at the same time not to be correct. Home is a bit like pornography: a marriage of Flemish property porn, soft pornography ofbuildings and space, of streets as well as buildings, and some hardporn that comes in from the optic flow of moving around.16. The author argues that both neurological accounts of recognition of home are equally wrong because _______.A. their approaches are globally uniqueB. they are based on the same kind of reasoningC. all psychologists agree that they are unreliableD. each only focuses on one piece of the puzzle17. The author suggests that the sense of being at home is not immediately recognizable because _______.A. it is not a true awarenessB. people have difficulty organizing their interactionsC. it involves the activation of several brain areasD. it is not supported by psychologists' tests18. According to the text, how do people recognize the familiar geometry of the streets around their home?A. By perceiving their relationship to the house firstB. By tracking their speed as they move along the streetsC. By recalling the layout of the buildings in the areaD. By monitoring their long-term memory and mood19. The author suggests that the memory of place is not limited to recalling street sequences but also involves _______.A. recognition of the optic flowB. frequent monitoring of locationC. understanding of mathematical modelsD. perception of shape and layout20. The final sentence of the text suggests that the memory of home consists of _______.A. a collection of buildings and streetsB. a mixture of visual and emotional experiencesC. a series of mathematical and spatial equationsD. a combination of different neurological approaches参考答案:16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. BPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The Coming Golden AgeEconomic forecasting is a mug's game.But if the next ten years are like the 1990s or the 1950s,even the most cautious fund manager will need to position themselves furiously for the coming golden age.Between 1948-73 the world economy grew at an underlying rate of 4% a year;trade grew at twice that rate.The sheer amounts of people being conned into borrowing huge amounts of money set the scene for a financial crisis.But the reaction to the recession has set the stage for the coming boom.The acceleration of globalization over the past 18 months strongly suggests that the persistent trends of the past 30 years will carry on.Oil and commodities aside,the prices of goods have been falling ever since Richard Nixon ended the gold standard in 1971.The Internet boom of the late 1990s helped damp down inflation still further.We are thus in a world economy where the 7 billionth consumer is about to join our club in China.And the 8 billionth consumer is 30-40 years away,in Africa.China and India have absorbed at least 300 million people intothe market–oriented economy over the past 20 years.China and India are going to surprise on the upside,for years.Efficiency gains and per capita income growth in these two countries will emerge as the two big drivers of the world economy.So why do investors think high productivity and low inflation are bad news for shares? We think the productive use of facilities and labourtranslates into high profits.If 4% trend growth is back,say hello to profit margins around the world at least 20% higher in the next decade than in the previous one.The coming golden age is going to be very good indeed for profits.21.However A.The accelerating trend of globalization22.Furthermore B.Per capita income in Asian emerging markets 23.Meanwhile C.The current low inflation environment24.Moreover D.Efficiency gains in the global economy25.Thus E.The rising affluence of consumers in emerging markets参考答案:21. D 22. B 23. E 24. A 25. CSection III TranslationPart ADirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The presence of carefully selected plants inside malls, workplaces, and other buildings where people spend a lot of time can help create healthier, more pleasant environments. This is not just an aesthetic judgment; the effect has been proven in numerous studies. For example, in a Seattle office building, workers with a view of trees took fewer sick days and made fewer errors in their work than those without such a view. Other studies in hospitals and workplaces have found plants have similar effects, including enabling people to recover more quickly from surgery, improve concentration, and reduce stress.参考答案:商场、工作场所和其他人们长时间待在的建筑物内安置精心选取的植物可以帮助营造更健康、更愉悦的环境。
2010年医学博士英语真题及答案
2010 医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with question Number 1.1. A. She's looking for a girl.B. She needs a new purse.C. She's going to give a birthday party.Sample AnswerA B C DD. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She bears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He'll go to see Mr. White at 10:30.B. He'd like to make an earlier appointmentC. He'd like to cancel the appointment.D. He'd like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he makes the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn't do anything in particular.B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went t skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man's mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B. It feels like a kind of unsteadinessC. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is goingaround.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B. John himself should be blamedC. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult,B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.I2. A. His backache.B. His broken leg,C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles14. A. Saturday morning, B. Saturday night.C. Sunday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He's lost his notebook.B. His handwriting is messy.C. He'll miss class later this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney stone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn't be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080,D. More than 60,008.23. A. Seven-hour sleeper gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained mote weight over t/me than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-sleepers consume fewer calories than long sleepers:24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep,25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor B. A teaching assistant.C. A Ph.D. student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no. B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident. B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas .30. A. Be easy on your teen. B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Don't care about your teen's feelings.Part II. Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. inoculatedD. intoxicated33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don't have definite proof.A. suspend B: supervene C. supervise D. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the properly rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent D, intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the general public.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following statements has a word or. phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark. the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET,41. The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42. It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43. He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44. The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitment C; honesty D. talent45. He left immediately on the pretext that hah ad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. circumstance46. The nurse was filled with remorse for not believing her.A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47. The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48. Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49. The doctor ruled out Friday's surgery for the patient's unexpected complications.A, confirmed B. facilitated C. postponed D. cancelled50. It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.' A. cautious B. motionless C: calm D. alertPart IlI Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below the passage, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at least 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or {he disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 6l pounds.A person with anorexia first develop joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in theblood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman's breathing, heartbeat,, and. blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, sometimes causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may suffer from fearfulness or continued deep sadness. Called depression. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 . lf it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A, specifically B. purposely C. particularly D .passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54, A. When B. While C . As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A, good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C motion D. action :60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, 13, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emitThe independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don't fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have sort ofbiological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation andResearch Agency's site at Portan Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. "If you have a developing nervous system, it's known to be more susceptible to environmental insults," he says. "So if phones did prove to be hazardous -- which they haven't yet -- it would be sensible."In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain. "What we've found is an effect, but we don't know if it's hazardous," he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children's exposure would be greater. "There's a lot less tissue in the way, and the skull is thinner, so children's heads are considerably closer," he says.Stewart's report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. "The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary," says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. "But we accept that it's difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body."61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, it does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in term ofA. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UKA. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stewart's planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones' energy emissions65. Which of the following can be the best candidate for the title of the passage?A. Brain Wave.B. For Adults Only.C. Catch Them Young.D. The Answer in the Air.Passage TwoAdvances in cosmetics dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and mom openly today than even in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile's ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs, voluptuous nudes, or middle-classfamily members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains (like the torturers inmartyrdom and crucifixion scenes) may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator of Yale University's Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples of Leonardo's Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the "Smiley Face" logo perfected (though not invented) in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarilyindicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. "Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the 'true' smile," and .therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow's beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one's favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except "Have a nice day"?66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A. people would not have been as happy as they are today .B. the rate of facial birth defects would not have declinedC. there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile et not in the portraits or pictures is decidedbyA. one's internal sense of the external worldB. one's identity or social positionC. one's times of existenceD. all of the above68. Trumble's study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB. the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB. further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70. At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB. an identical smile for everybodyC. future changes in life styleD. the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the help of penicillin made by theAllies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from- bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffiel , a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Thee Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler's desk, Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recenttranslation of Morrell's own diary .I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillinjumped out at me," he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got thedrug. At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies; German and Czechoslovakian: teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. "It's generally accepted that it was no good," says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infectious if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. "My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy position as Hitler's doctor, would only have used pure stuff." And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright's investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such as Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children."I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries," says Wainwright. 'I'm saying thiswould have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler's doctor and the higher echelons of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.""We can never be certain it saved Hitler's life," says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler's henchmen, Reinhard Heydrich, otherwise known as the "Butcher of Prague died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. "Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicaemia," says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf HitlerA. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, Hitler's personal doctorA. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third ReichA. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain penicillin75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B. Morrel Loyal to His German Premier?C. Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D. Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories, Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while themachine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."And it is not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients remover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radiowaves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that is not fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method does not take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designedA. to picture the body's hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is thatA. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C, A water tank.D. All of the above.79. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scannerA. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80. For scanning, all the subject has to do isA. take up a form of workout in the gymB. mm round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. stand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula atuniversities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject.Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint yon see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science, Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd" or "technocrats", generalists are often criticized for being too "soft" or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering.81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see。
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. CPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31 . A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. C41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. CPart ⅢCloze51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. CPart Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension61. D 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. C71. C 72. D 73. A 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. A 78. D 79. C 80. D81. B 82. C 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. A 88. C 89. C 90. BPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31. A 本句大意:一些黑人青年投诉说受到了警察骚扰。
选项A. 骚扰;B. 分散注意力;C. 判刑;D. 释放。
选项A符合原句意思,是正确答案。
32. D 本句大意:他迅速沉湎于他的权力。
选项A. irrigated灌溉;B. irradiated照射;C. inoculated接种过疫苗的;D. intoxicated沉湎于。
中山大学考博历年真题分析
2000年中大博士英语真题1 custodian [kʌs'təudiən] n. 管理人;监护人;保管人reputation [,repju'teiʃən] n. 声望;名声,名誉averse [ə'və:s] adj. 不愿意的;反对的reluctant[ri'lʌktənt] adj. 勉强的;不情愿的;[罕]顽抗的entrepreneur [,ɔntrəprə'nə:] n. 企业家;承包人;主办者faith [feiθ] n. 信任;信念;信仰;忠实capital ['kæpitəl] n. 首都,省会;大写字母;资金;资本家;adj. 重要的;大写的;首都的venture capital风险资本,风险投资['ventʃə]fortune ['fɔ:tʃən, -tʃu:n]n. 运气;财富;命运vt. 给予财富vi. 偶然发生pooling n. 联营,合并;池化v. 积水成池;淤积(pool的ing形式)pound [paund]n. 英镑;loan [ləun]n. 贷款;借款vi. 借出firm['fə:m]n. 商号;公司adj. 坚定的;结实的;牢固的;严格的handsome salary可观的薪水customer ['kʌstəmə] n. 顾客restrict [ri'strikt]vt. 限制;限定;约束single handed单枪匹马; a share of:一部分2 crush [krʌʃ]vt. 压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入brutal ['bru:təl]adj. 残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的aggression [ə'ɡreʃən]n. 进攻;侵略;侵犯;侵害invade [in'veid]vt. 侵略;侵袭;vi.侵犯remorse [ri'mɔ:s]n. 懊悔;同情sincerity [sin'serəti, -'siərəti]n. 真实,诚挚sorrow ['sɔrəu, 'sɔ:-]n. 悲伤;vt. 为…悲痛tremendous [tri'mendəs]adj. 极大的,巨大的;惊人的sponsored ['spɔnsəd]v. 赞助(sponsor的过去分词);发起adj. 赞助的;发起的ceremony ['seriməuni]n. 典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪;客套surrender [sə'rendə]n. 投降;交出;vt. 放弃;交出;bills n.议案(bill的复数);账单guideline ['ɡaidlain]n. 指导方针defense [di'fens]n. 防卫,防护;防御措施;防守;vt. 谋划抵御parliament ['pɑ:ləmənt]n. 议会,国会militarism ['militə,rizəm]n. 军国主义;尚武精神,好战态度;haunt [hɔ:nt]vt. 常出没于…;萦绕于…;n. 栖息地;常去的地vi. 出没;作祟perpetrate ['pə:pitreit]vt. 犯(罪);做(恶)solemn ['sɔləm]adj. 庄严的,严肃的;隆重的,郑重的ultra- ['ʌltrə]comb. 表示“极端,过度”pref. 极端;在……之外emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 浮现;暴露;摆脱brandish ['brændiʃ]vt. 挥舞;炫耀prime minister首相,总理savage ['sævidʒ]adj. 残酷的;野蛮的;狂怒的;荒凉n. 未开化的;粗鲁的人;vt. 乱咬permanent ['pə:mənənt]adj. 永久的,永恒的;sidestep history 回避历史emperor ['empərə]n. 皇帝,君主3 monitor ['mɔnitə]n 监控器vt.监控cosmetic [kɔz'metik]adj. 美容的;化妆用的n. 化妆品;装饰品toiletries ['tɔilətriz] n. 化妆品;化妆用具via ['vaiə]prep. 取道,通过;psychologist [psai'kɔlədʒist]n. 心理学家,心理学者finalist ['fainəlist]n. 参加决赛的选手participant [pɑ:'tisipənt]adj. 参与的;有关系的ministry ['ministri]n. (政府的)部门turn down 拒绝,关小4 smooth [smu:ð] vi. 变平静;adj. 光滑的;顺利的portuguese [,pɔ:tju'ɡi:z, -'ɡi:s]adj. 葡萄牙的;n. 葡萄牙人;lisbon n. 里斯本(葡萄牙首都counterpart ['kauntə,pɑ:t]n. 副本;配对物;极相似的人或物prospect ['prɔspekt]n. 前途;预期;vi. 勘探degree [di'ɡri:]n. 程度,等级;度;学位;阶层autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi]n. 自治,自治权state [steit]adj. 正式的;国家的;州的;n. 情形;国家;vt. 陈述;规定;声明reiterate [ri:'itəreit]vt. 重申;反复地做consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]vt. 商量;查阅;serve as担任…,充当…;起…的作用announce [ə'nauns]vt. 宣布;述说;预示;vi. 宣布参加竞选;当播音员secretary ['sekrətəri]n. 秘书;书记;大臣;部长retain vt. 保持;雇;记住sovereign ['sɔvərin, 'sʌv-]adj. 至高无上的;有主权的;n.独立国diplomatic [,diplə'mætik]adj. 外交的;老练的;territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl]adj. 领土的;土地的;5 annual ['ænjuəl]adj. 年度的;n. 年刊,年鉴;forum ['fɔ:rəm]n. 论坛,讨论会;法庭;humble ['hʌmbl]adj. 谦卑的,低下的edition [i'diʃən]n. 版本summit ['sʌmit]n. 顶点;最高级会议;adj. 最高级的;prominent ['prɔminənt]adj. 突出的,显著的;杰出的;卓越的resort [ri'zɔ:t]n. 凭借,手段;常去之地;vi. 求助,诉诸;ski resort滑雪胜地ministerial [,mini'stiəriəl]adj. 部长的;内阁的;公使的;牧师的confrontation [,kɔnfrʌn'teiʃən]n. 对抗;对质;面对site [sait]n. 地点;场所intention [in'tenʃən]n. 意图;目的;意向;[医]愈合overlapping [,əuvə'læpiŋ]adj. 重叠;覆盖v. 与…重叠;盖过(overlap的ing形式6 contact lenses['kɔntækt, kən'tækt]lenses ['lensiz]隐形眼镜cornea ['kɔ:niə]n. [解]角膜misshape [,mis'ʃeip]vt. 使造型不佳;弄成畸形satisfactory [,sætis'fæktəri]adj. 满意的;符合要求的;赎罪的comprise [kəm'praiz]vt. 包含;由…组成avocation [,ævəu'keiʃən]n. 副业;嗜好;业余爱好vocation [vəu'keiʃən]n. 职业;天职;天命;aviator ['eivieitə]n. 飞行员endanger [in'deindʒə]vt. 危及;使遭到危险handicap ['hændikæp]n. 障碍;不利条件,vt. 妨碍,阻碍;descendant [di'sendənt]adj. 下降的;祖传的n. 后裔;子孙assembly [ə'sembli]n. 装配;集会,集合Terra-cotta Warrior['wɔriə, 'wɔ:-]秦始皇兵马俑Terra-cotta['terə'kɔtə]n. 赤土陶器;赤陶土;Warrior战士former name曾用名impressive [im'presiv]adj. 感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的aggregate ['æɡriɡət, 'æɡriɡeit]vi. 集合;聚集;adj. 聚合的;集合的Although QuY uan has passed away for more than 2000 years, but he has left us with preciousheritage. His poems have been translated into various languages and published all over the world. In 1953when it is the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan, the World Peace Congress listed him as one of the four world cultural celebrit ies for commemoration. Qu Yuan will live in world people’s heart forever.旅游业对环境的损害Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact(灾难性影响) on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that(深信不疑)too much tourists bring harm to the environment.The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the process of exploiting a new scenic spot.( 开发风景区) In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities(人造设施) have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects (不利影响)on the environment. This process usually breaks the ecological balance(破坏生态平衡) of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides(滑坡,土崩) and mud-rock flows (泥石流)come up. Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don't have the awareness to protect the environment, and ignorantly(无知地)throw their garbage here and there(乱丢垃圾). Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.2002年中大博士英语真题1 at no time adv. 决不,从不infrastructure ['infrə,strʌktʃə] n. 基础设施;公共建设;additional [ə'diʃənəl]adj. 附加的,额外的enlarge [in'lɑ:dʒ]vi. 扩大;放大;steam engine 蒸汽机railway line 铁路线modernization [,mɔdənai'zeiʃən, -ni'z-]n. 现代化staff [stɑ:f, stæf]n. 职员;参谋;commuter [kə'mju:tə]n. 通勤者,经常乘公共车辆往返者;proportion [prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n]n. 比例;部分;面积;urgent ['ə:dʒənt]adj. 紧急的;急迫的convenient [kən'vi:njənt]adj. 方便的2 divorcee [divɔ:'si:, -'sei]n. 离了婚的人contact with与……联系fixes bag 修复包organize ['ɔ:ɡənaiz]vi. 组织起来;vt. 组织;使有系统化;laundry ['lɔ:ndri, 'lɑ:n-]n. 洗衣店,洗衣房snack [snæk]n. 小吃,快餐;bake [beik]vt. 烤,烘resent [ri'zent]vt. 怨恨;愤恨tardiness ['tɑ:dinis]n. 缓慢,迟延terminate ['tə:mineit]vt. 使终止;使结束;3 constantly ['kɔnstəntli]adv. 不断地;时常地probing ['prəubiŋ]adj. 好探索的;atmosphere ['ætmə,sfiə]n. 气氛;大气;vigor ['viɡə]n. [生物] 活力planetary ['plænitəri ]adj. 行星的assurance [ə'ʃuərəns]n. 保证;保险;确信;断言tribe [traib]n. 部落;族;marvel ['mɑ:vəl]n. 奇迹dwell [dwel]vi. 居住;存在于;altitude ['æltitju:d]n. 高地;高度slope [sləup]n. 斜坡;倾斜;vegetation [,vedʒi'teiʃən]n. 植被;植物,草木;delicately ['delikət] adv. 微妙地;精致地chill [tʃil]n. 寒冷;寒意;shelter ['ʃeltə]n. 庇护;避难所;crevice ['krevis]n. 裂缝;burrow ['bə:rəu]n. (兔、狐等的)洞穴,地道;anthill ['ænthil]n.人群密集的地方;蚁冢desolate ['desələt, 'desəleit]adj. 荒凉的;无人烟drafty ['drɑ:fti, 'dræfti]adj. 通风良好的eagle ['i:ɡl]n. 老鹰乐队,鹰;老鹰soaring ['sɔ:riŋ]adj. 翱翔的;高耸的;cavern ['kævən]n. 洞穴;rival ['raivəl]n. 对手;vigorous ['viɡərəs]adj. 有力的;establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt. 建立;创办;hostile ['hɔstail, -təl]adj. 敌对的,敌方的4 radiator ['reidieitə]n. 散热器;暖气片;ounce [auns]n. 盎司;少量;cubic ['kju:bik]adj. 立方体的centimeter ['senti,mi:tə ]n. [计量] 厘米gram [ɡræm]n. 克;鹰嘴豆tiny ['taini]adj. 微小的;shrew [ʃru:]n. 泼妇,悍妇mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物starve [stɑ:v]vi. 饿死;挨饿give off 发出(光等);长出(枝、杈等5 criticism ['krɪtɪsɪzəm]n. 批评;考证;validity [və'lidəti]n. [计] 有效性;正确;rigorous ['riɡərəs]adj. 严格的,严厉的;elusive [i'lju:siv,-səri]adj. 难懂的;易忘的;逃避的;难捉摸demonstration [,demən'streiʃən]n. 示范;证明;示威游行submit [səb'mit]vt. 使服从;主张;previously ['pri:vju:sli]adv. 以前;预先;objective [əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-]adj. 客观的;目标的;formulation [,fɔ:mju'leiʃən]n. 构想,规划;公式化;简洁陈述subtle ['sʌtl]adj. 微妙的;精细的;frustrating [frʌ'streitiŋ]v. 使沮丧attempted [ə'temptid]adj. 企图的;currently ['kʌrəntli]adv. 当前;一般地excess [ik'ses]n. 超过,超额;过度,过量;react [ri'ækt, ri:-]vi. 反应;影响;反抗;budget ['bʌdʒit]n. 预算6 marine [mə'ri:n]adj. 船舶的;海生的n. 海运业;舰队;水兵;tenant ['tenənt]n. 承租人;房客;ingenuus n. 自由人telescopic [,teli'skɔpik]adj. 望远镜的owl [aul]n. 猫头鹰;枭;惯于晚上活动的人feeler ['fi:lə]n. [动] 触角;试探;试探者;stray [strei]vi. 流浪;迷路;radius ['reidiəs]n. 半径,半径范围inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n. 居民;居住者torch [tɔ:tʃ]n. 火把,火炬;手电筒spots n. 斑点(spot的复数);squid [skwid]n. 鱿鱼;乌贼;squirt [skwə:t]n. 喷射;luminous ['lju:minəs]adj. 发光的;明亮的;fluid ['flu(:)id]adj. 流动的;流畅的;vicinity [vɪ'sɪnɪtɪ]n. 邻近,附近;neat [ni:t]adj. 灵巧的;整洁的;优雅的;未搀水的cousin ['kʌzən]n. 堂兄弟姊妹;表兄弟becloud [bi'klaud]vt. 蒙蔽;使变暗darken ['dɑ:kən]vt. 使变暗;varieties n. 品种;种类(variety的复数);illumination [i,lju:mi'neiʃən]n. 照明;[光] 照度;启发;灯饰(需用复数);阐明luminous ['lju:minəs]adj. 发光的;明亮的;I wish back to the era when life is simple and all you know is just about colors, multiplication and nursery rhymes, but you don’t feel regretful and needn’t to care what you don’t know. Being unware towards all the anxieties and sadness, what you care is all about happiness. I would like to think that the world is with justice and every is honest and kind, for I want to believe that everything is possible.How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic. It has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development.To solve the problem, some pieces of advice are put forward. Some people suggest that more streets and roads should be built. In this way, the traffic density can be redncedi hence speeding up the flow of buses and cars.But the new roads and streets will be filled with many cars and buses soon.Some people advise to limit the number of bikes and cars. This can decrease the traffic flow. But on the other haad, this will affect the consumption and make buses more crowded.In my opinion, the number of private cars should be put under control. And at the same time, buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles. Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly. ( 151 words)20031 taxas tech探讨科技brick wall 砖壁,砖墙circus ['sə:kəs]n. 马戏;马戏团circus boards马戏团董事会hire [haiə] n. 雇用,租用;test equipment测试设备fellowship ['feləuʃip]n. 友谊;奖学金;congressman ['kɔŋɡresmən]n. 国会议员;众议院议员movement ['mu:vmənt]n. 运动;活动;运转;乐章occupationsn. 职业;行业;politician [,pɔli'tiʃən]n. 政治家,政客calculus ['kælkjuləs]n.结石;微积分学2 mathematical [,mæθi'mætikəl]adj. 数学的,数学上的;精确的philosophy [fi'lɔsəfi, fə-]n. 哲学;哲理;人生观sought [sɔ:t]v. 寻找(seek的过去式和过去分词)fulfil [ful'fil]vt. 履行;完成;实践;满足intrinsic [in'trinsik,-kəl]adj. 本质的,固有的consubstantial [,kɔnsəb'stænʃəl]adj. 同质的;同体的;三位一体的permit [pə'mit]vi. 许可;允许autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi]n. 自治,自治权foreseeable ['fɔ:si:əbl]adj. 可预知的;能预测的scope [skəup] n. 范围;余地;视野revolutionary [,revə'lju:ʃənəri] adj. 革命的;旋转的;大变革apply to适用于;应用于conic section圆锥曲线navigate ['næviɡeit] vt. 驾驶,操纵;shore [ʃɔ:]vt. 支撑,使稳住;mere [miə]adj. 仅仅的;只不过intellectual curiosity求知欲scarcely ['skεəsli]adv. 几乎不,简直不;conceive [kən'si:v]vt. 怀孕;构思;以为resign [ri'zain]vt. 辞职;放弃;委托;contemporary [kən'tempərəri]n. 同时代的人;同时期的东西ignorance ['iɡnərəns]n. 无知,愚昧;不知disinterestedly [dis'intristidli]adv. 公正地;无私地;advances [əd'va:nsiz]n. 前进astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]n. 天文学anthropology [,ænθrə'pɔlədʒi]n. 人类学sake [seik]n. 目的;利益;理由;3 psychologists [sai'kɔledʒist]n. 心理学家symphonic [sim'fɔnik]adj. 交响乐的;concert [kən'sə:t, 'kɔnsə:t]n. 音乐会;一致;tempted ['temptid]adj. 有兴趣v. 诱惑;冒…的险orchestra ['ɔ:kistrə, -kes-]n. 管弦乐队;conductor [kən'dʌktə] n.乐队指挥,售票员;competent ['kɔmpitənt]adj. 胜任的;有能力的;能干的derive [di'raiv]vt. 源于;motion ['məuʃən]n. 动作;移动;手势;4 brilliant ['briljənt]adj. 灿烂的,闪耀的;杰出的;有才气poorly off贫困的;没钱的tuition [tju:'iʃən]n. 学费;讲授guard [ɡɑ:d]n. 守卫;警戒;near-bankrupt濒临破产的stationsn. 车站;位置(station的复数形式);extraordinary [ik'strɔ:dənəri, ,ekstrə'ɔ:di-]adj. 非凡的;特别的;离奇的;prodigious [prəu'didʒəs]adj. 惊人的,异常的,奇妙的tight [tait]adj. 紧的;密封的;embrace [im'breis]vt. 拥抱;信奉,皈依5 composed [kəm'pəuzd]adj. 镇静的;沉着v. 组成;作曲myriad ['miriəd]adj. 无数的;n. 无数,极大数量public utility 公用事业randomly ['rændəmli]adv. 随便地,任意地;无目的,胡乱地valid ['vælid]adj. 有效的priviledgen. 特权;专用权comprise [kəm'praiz]vt. 包含;由…组成inherent adj. 固有的;内在的allocation [,æləu'keiʃən]n. 分配,配置;sector ['sektə]n. 部门;扇形,insurance [in'ʃuərəns]n. 保险;保险费;6 grueling ['ɡruəliŋ]n. 惩罚;adj. 累垮人的;rough [rʌf]. 艰苦;adj. 粗糙的;exhaustion [iɡ'zɔ:stʃən]n. 枯竭;耗尽;精疲力竭contestant [kən'testənt]n. 竞争者pack [pæk]背包respectably [ri'spektəbli]adv. 相当好地;体面地;可敬地split [split]vt. 分离;使分离;slamming ['slæmiŋ]v. 砰地关上(门、窗等);猛烈抨击rocky dicth岩石substantial [səb'stænʃəl]adj. 大量的;实质的;spectator [spek'teitə, 'spekt-]n. 观众;旁观者Madurese [,mædju'ri:z]adj. 马都拉人的counterpart ['kauntə,pɑ:t]n. 副本;配对物;endurance [in'djuərəns]n. 忍耐力;忍耐;giant ['dʒaiənt]n. 巨人;伟人rebound n. 回弹device [di'vais]n. 装置;策略;20071 justly ['dハstli]adv. 公正地;正当地;恰当地;touch with 接触possessive [pə'zesiv] adj. 占有的;所有的;所有格的crises ['kraisi:z] n. 危机,紧要关头(crisis的复数形式)underestimate [,ʌndə'estimeit]vt. 低估;irritate ['iriteit]vt. 刺激,使兴奋;entertainer [,entə'teinə]n. 演艺人员,表演者cut off中断;使死亡;剥夺继承权resistant [ri'zistənt]adj. 抵抗的,反抗的;assuming [ə'sju:miŋ]adj. 傲慢的;不逊的;v. 假设underdog ['ʌndədɔɡ]失败者;受压迫者;passive ['pæsiv]adj. 被动的,消极的;charm [tʃɑ:m]n. 魅力,吸引力initiative [i'niʃiətiv, -ʃətiv] n. 主动权;adj. 自发的;dominance ['dɔminəns,-nənsi]n. 优势;统治obedient [əu'bi:diənt]adj. 顺从的,服从的;2 condemn [kən'dem]vt. 谴责;判刑,定罪;corrupt [kə'rʌpt]adj. 腐败的,贪污的;堕落charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]n. 费用;电荷;掌管;控告;命令;负载penalty ['penəlti]n. 罚款,罚金;press sb into doing sth迫使某人做某事unsurpassed ['ʌnsə(:)'pa:st]adj. 非常卓越的;未被超越conservative [kən'sə:vətiv]n. 保守派,守旧previously ['pri:vju:sli]adv. 以前;预先;submit [səb'mit]vt. 使服从;主张;vi. 提交;sentence ['sentəns]宣判,判决hemlock ['hemlɔk]n. 铁杉;毒芹属植物;presence ['prezəns]n. 存在;出席;参加;风度;grief - stricken 极度悲伤grief [ɡri:f] 悲伤的stricken ['strikən]adj. 患病的;受挫折的;sequence ['si:kwəns]顺序;续发事件radical ['rædikəl]adj. 激进的;根本的;unequalled adj. 无与伦比的;不等同的reputed [ri'pju:tid]adj. 名誉好的;3 tolerant ['tɔlərənt]adj. 宽容的;容忍的weigh [wei]vt. 权衡;考虑;voter ['vəutə]n. 选举人,投票人;district ['distrikt]n. 区域;地方;operator ['ɔpəreitə]n. 经营者;操作员;话务员;content n. 内容,目录;满足;historian [his'tɔ:riən]n. 历史学家misled [mis'led]v. 把…带错方向inference ['infərəns]n. 推理;推论;推断frame [freim]n. 框架;结构;5 fluctuate ['flハtjueit]vi. 波动;涨落;动摇intriguing [in'tri:ɡiŋ]adj. 有趣的;迷人的interglacial [,intə'ɡleisjəl]adj. 间冰期的geologic [,dʒiəu'lɔdʒik] adj. 地质的;holocene ['hɔləsi:n]adj. 全新世的;epoch ['i:pɔk, 'epək]n. [地质] 世;新纪元glacial ['ɡleisjəl adj. 冰的;冰冷的;Pleistocene ['plaistəusi:n]n. 更新世;Wisconsin [wis'kosin]n. 威斯康星州(美国州名)impend [im'pend]vi. 迫近;即将发生amount [ə'maunt]vi. 总计,合计;moisture ['mosi tʃən. 水分;湿度;潮湿;region n. 地区;范围;snowfall ['snəufɔ:l]n. 降雪;melting ['melting adj. 融化的;溶解的;polar ['pəulə]adj. 极地的;两极的accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]vi. 累积;unanticipated ['ʌnæn'tisipeitid adj. 意料之外的;implication [,impli'keition n. 含义;暗示;6 shrank v. 收缩(shrink的过去式);缩小acute [ə'kju:t]adj. 严重的,[医] 急性的;respiratory ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]adj. 呼吸的syndrome ['sindrəum, -drəm-]n. [临床] 综合征;hospitality [,hɔspi'tæləti]n. 好客;sector ['sektə]n. 部门;扇形,扇区;rolling ['rəuliŋ] n. 旋转;动摇expansion[ik'spænʃən]n. 膨胀;阐述;snap up抢购,匆匆吃下manufacturing [,mænju'fæktʃəriŋ] adj. 制造业的生产vehicle ['viːɪk(ə)l]n. [车辆] 车辆;工具;传播媒介;domestic [dəu'mestik]adj. 国内的;家庭stalled [stɔ:ld]失速的residential [,rezi'denʃəl]adj. 住宅的;与居住有关retailing ['ri:teiling v. 零售(retail的ing形式isolate ['aisəleit, -lit]vt. 使隔离;使孤立;crude [kru:d]adj. 粗糙的;天然的,未加工的;durable ['djuərəbl]adj. 耐用的,持久的翻译:brutality [bru:'tæləti]n. 无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式hatred ['heitrid]n. 憎恨;怨恨;beastliness ['bi:stli:nis]n. 淫猥;兽性barbarianadj. 野蛮的;未开化的20081 giant ['dʒaiənt]n. 巨人;伟人adj. 巨大的;enterprise ['entəpraiz]n. 企业;事业;进取心;bureaucratic [,bjurəu'krætik]adj. 官僚的;官僚政治cog [kog]vt. 给…装配齿轮;well-oiled ['wel'oild]adj. 谄媚的;平滑的;烂醉的machinery [mə'ʃi:nəri]n. 机械;机器;机构;wages ['weidʒis]n. [劳经] 工资;报酬ventilate ['ventileit]vt. 使通风;给…装通风设备;psychologist [psai'kɔlədʒist] n. 心理学家puppet ['pʌpit]n. 木偶;傀儡;受他人操纵的人automate ['ɔ:təmeit]vt. 使自动化,使自动操作confront [kən'frʌnt]vt. 面对;遭遇;比较emotionally [i'məuʃənli]adv. 感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;intellectually [inti'lektʃjuəli]adv. 智力上;理智地;知性上tight [tait]adj. 紧的;密封的;Subordinate[sə'bɔ:dineit]n. 下属,下级;部属,insecure [,insi'kujə]adj. 不安全的;不稳定的promote [prəu'məut]vt. 促进;提升;推销intelligence [in'telidʒəns]n. 智力;情报工作;mixture ['mikstʃə] n. 混合;混合物;submissiveness [səb'misivnis]n. 柔顺;服从get along(勉强)生活;进展;(使)前进;与…和睦相处constant['kɔnstənt]恒定的;经常的consumption [kən'sʌmpʃən]n. 消费;消耗;arrangements [ə'rendʒmənts]n. 安排;准备;整理serve [sə:v]vt. 招待,供应;为…服务;ruling ['ru:liŋ] adj. 统治的;主要的;支配的;流行negligible ['neɡlidʒəbl]adj. 微不足道的,可以忽略harmony ['hɑ:məni]n. 协调;和睦;融洽comparison [kəm'pærisən]n. 比较;对照;比喻;humble ['hʌmbl]谦卑的,谦虚的,谦恭的,component [kəm'pəunənt]adj. 组成的,构成的granted ['gra:ntid]conj. 算是如此,但是resort [ri'zɔ:t]n. 凭借,手段;度假胜地;vi. 求助,诉诸;常去;approval [ə'pru:vəl]n. 批准;认可;赞成2 decade ['dekeid]n. 十年,十年期veterans ['vetərənz]n. 老兵;退伍军人atmospheric [,ætməs'ferik,-kəl]adj. 大气的,大气层的exposure [ik'spəuʒə] n. 暴露;曝光;leukemia [lju'ki:miə]n. 白血病atomic [ə'tɔmik]adj. 原子的definitive [di'finitiv]adj. 决定性的;最后的elusive [i'lju:siv,-səri]adj. 难懂的,易忘难捉摸marines [mə'ri:ns]n. 海军陆战队intensive [in'tensiv]adj. 加强的;集中的;3 hall [hɔ:l]n. 门厅,会堂;食堂;学生宿舍line with按照,与…一致;沿着…排列Vending v. 贩卖,出售obesity [əu'bi:səti, -'be-]n. 肥大lucrative ['lju:krətiv]adj. 有利可图的,赚钱的;contract with承包;与…订有合约steering ['stiəriŋ] n. 操纵;指导;beverage ['bevəridʒ]n. 饮料stock [stɔk]vt. 进货;备有;n. 股份,股票;库存dispense [dis'pens]vt. 分配,分发;demonstrate ['demənstreit]vt. 证明;展示;access to接近;有权使用motivator ['məutiveitə]n. 动力;激励因素surgeon ['sə:dʒən]n. 外科医生institute ['institjut, -tu:t]vt. 开始(调查);制定;创立;n. 学会,协会implement ['implimənt, 'impliment]vt. 实施,执行;实现n. 工具,器具mandated [mæn'deitid]adj. 委托统治的v. 托管;强制执行congress ['kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres] n. 国会;代表大会professionals [prə'feʃənl]n. 专业人员pessimistic [,pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的,厌世的;condemn [kən'dem]vt. 谴责;判刑,定罪4 crumbling ['krʌmbliŋv. 破碎;崩溃ruins n. 遗迹graveyard ['ɡreivjɑ:d]n. 墓地glimpse [ɡlimps]n. 一瞥,一看domes [dəumz]n. 穹顶;拱形结构;mosque [mɔsk]n. 清真寺tomb [tu:m]n. 坟墓;死亡glitter ['ɡlitə]vi. 闪光;闪烁evocative [i'v iv]adj. 唤起的;唤出的thrill [θril]n. 激动;震颤;orchard ['ɔ:tʃəd]n. 果园;果树林prophet ['prɔfit]n. 先知;预言者;overawe [,auvə'rɔ:]vt. 威慑;吓住;使大感敬畏elm tree n. 榆树flock [flɔk]n. 群;棉束minaret ['minəret, ,minə'ret]n. 尖塔donkey ['dɔŋki]n. 驴子;傻瓜;dismount [,dis'maunt]vt. 下车;使下马;possessed [pə'zest]adj. 疯狂的;着魔的drew [dru:]v. 牵引(draw的过去式);描绘;adventure [əd'ventʃə, æd-]n. 冒险;冒险精神;trinket ['triŋkit]n. 小装饰品fizzy ['fizi]adj. 起泡沫的5 component [kəm'pəunənt]adj. 组成的manifestation [,mænife'steiʃən]n. 表现;显示;infant ['infənt]n. 婴儿;幼儿;shortcut ['ʃɔ:tkʌt]n. 捷径;被切短的东西convey [kən'vei] vt. 传达;运输;observation [,ɔbzə:'veiʃən]n. 观察;监视;grossly ['grəusli]adv. 很;非常element ['elimənt]n. 元素;要素;原理;abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂;infancy ['infənsi]n. 初期;婴儿期;unfavourable [,ʌn'feivərəbl]adj. 不利的;不适宜的;反对的inadequate [in'ædikwit]adj. 不充分的,不适当facilitiesn. 设施;工具feature ['fi:tʃə]n. 特色,特征;容貌immobility [i,məu'biləti]n. 不动,固定quietness ['kwaiətnis]n. 平静,安静investigation [in,vesti'ɡeiʃən]n. 调查;substitute ['sʌbstitju:t, -tu:t]n. 代用品;代替者climax ['klaimæks]n. 高潮;顶点;significant [sig'nifikənt]adj. 重大的;有效的;有意义的n. 象征;perceive [pə'si:v]vt. 察觉,感觉;理解;认知shatter ['ʃætə]vt. 粉碎;打碎;fondle ['fɔndl]vt. 爱抚;ministration [,mini'streiʃən] n. 援助;服侍;职务spontaneous [spɔn'teiniəs]adj. 自发的;无意识的wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地,全神贯注exaggerate [iɡ'zædʒəreit]vt. 使扩大;vi. 夸大sensory ['sensəri]adj. 感觉的;知觉的employ [im'plɔi]vt. 使用,采用;雇用;master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə]vt. 控制;精通;n. 硕士;主人;6 monopoly [mə'nɔpəli]n. 垄断;垄断者rail [reil]n. 铁轨;扶手;vi. 抱怨freight [freit]vt. 运送;装货;supporter [sə'pɔ:tə]n. 支持者;拥护者merger ['mə:dʒə]n. (企业等的)合并;并购;吸收fierce [fiəs]adj. 凶猛的;猛烈的substantial [səb'stænʃəl]adj. 大量的;实质的reduction [ri'dʌkʃən]n. 减少;下降;bulk [bʌlk]n. 体积,容量;vt. 使扩大commodity [kə'mɔditi]n. 商品,货物;grain [ɡrein]n. 粮食;颗粒;throat [θrəut]n. 喉咙;consolidation [kən,sɔli'deiʃən]n. 巩固;合并captive ['kæptiv]adj. 被俘虏的;被迷住的appeal [ə'pi:l]vi. 呼吁,恳求;上诉relief [ri'li:f]n. 救济;减轻,解除;discrimination [dis,krimi'neiʃən]n. 歧视;区别,辨别;option ['ɔpʃən]n. [计] 选项;选择权switch [switʃ] vt. 转换;subscribe [səb'skraib]vi. 订阅;捐款;认购vt. 签署;赞成;flourish ['flauriʃ]n. 兴旺;茂盛arbiter ['ɑ:bitə]n. [法] 仲裁者Brightening v. 擦亮;照明invest [in'vest]vt. 投资;覆盖;surging ['sə:dʒiŋ]v. 冲击(surge的ing形式);transaction [træn'zækʃən]n. 交易;事务;办理;Grip n. 紧握;柄;支配coordination [kəu,ɔ:di'neiʃən]n. 协调,调和;indifferent [in'difərənt]adj. 漠不关心的;indignant [in'diɡnənt]adj. 愤愤不平的;apprehensive [,æpri'hensiv]adj. 忧虑的;不安的rival ['raivəl]n. 对手;作文:University mergence is a new trend in university development. As a hot topic on and off campus,(校内和校外)it has received much of public attention. People's attitudes towards it vary 变化greatly.People who against it see it as a hasty轻率的decision, which has some potential problems. They claim, for instance, located far away from each other, universities involved with mergence are usually faced with the tough problem of management.Other people who favor it see it as a step that universities take towards the goal of first-rate world university. They argue that, only through mergence can university take full play of advantages and make up their disadvantages. Like the mergence between Tsinghua University and the Institude of Applied Arts. The university's strengths in the field of high techonology complement补足the latter university that has a reputation名声for art. They also point out that by mergence the Chinese universities will increase their competitie power in the world.In my opinion, the university mergence has more advantages than disadvantages, but the university should take into account考虑the potential dangers resulting from the mergence.。
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始,全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语(一)和英语(二)。
英语(一)即原统考“英语”。
英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上,将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)考试内容试题分三部分,共52题,包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度,而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20小题,每小题0.5分,共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成,考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题,每小题2分,共60分。
A节(20小题):主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和引申,根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题):主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有:1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章,其中有5段空白,文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中,各段落的原有顺序已被打乱,要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序,其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷一、阅读理解0 My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing; but the desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. I first wanted to be a cabin boy, so that 1 could come out with a white apron on and shake a tablecloth over the side, where all my old comrades could see me. Later I thought I would rather be the deck hand who stood on the end of the stage plank with a coil of rope in his hand, because he was particularly conspicuous.But these were only daydreams—too heavenly to be contemplated as real possibilities. By and by one of the boys went away. He was not heard of for a long time. At last he turned up as an apprentice engineer or "sinker"on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday-school teachings. That boy had been notoriously worldly and I had been just reverse—yet he was exalted to this eminence, and I was left in obscurity and misery. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty bolt to scrub while his boat was docked at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him and envy him and loathe him.He used all sorts of steamboat technicalities in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them. He would speak of the "labboard" side of a horse in an easy, natural way that would make you wish he was dead. And he was always talking about "St. Looy" like an old citizen. Two or three of the boys had long been persons of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now. They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless "cub" engineer approached. This fellow had money, too, and hair oil, and he wore a showy brass watch chain a leather belt, and used no suspenders. No girl could withstand his charms. He "cut out"every boy in the village. When his boat blew up at last, it diffused a tranquil contentment among us such as we had not known for months. But when he came home the next week, alive, renowned, and appeared in church all battered up and bandaged, a shining hero, stared at and wondered over by everybody, it seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river, four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the country judge became pilots, the grandest position of all. But some of us could not get on the river—at least our parents would not let us.So by and by I ran away. I said I would never come home again till I was a pilot and cold return in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.1 The author makes the statement that" I supposed he ... offended him"(Para. 1, Lines 1 -2)primarily to suggest______.(A)the power held by a justice of the peace in a frontier town(B)the naive view that he held of his father's importance(C)the respect in which the townspeople held his father(D)the possibility of miscarriages of justice on the American frontier2 The author decides that he would rather become a deck hand than a cabin boy because______.(A)he believes that the work is easier(B)he wants to avoid seeing his old friends(C)deck hands often go on to become pilots(D)the job is more visible to passersby3 The author most likely mentions his "Sunday-school teachings"(Para. 2)to emphasize______.(A)the influence of his early education in later life(B)his sense of injustice at the engineer's success(C)his disillusionment with longstanding religious beliefs(D)determination to become an engineer at all costs4 The author most likely concludes that the engineer is not " generous"(Para. 2)because he______.(A)has no respect for religious beliefs(B)refuses to share his wages with friends(C)flaunts his new position in public(D)takes a pride in material possessions5 The author mentions the use of "steamboat technicalities"(Para. 3)in order to emphasize the engineer's______.(A)expertise after a few months on the job(B)fascination for trivial information(C)inability to communicate effectively(D)desire to appear sophisticated6 According to the passage, the glory of having visited St. Louis was overbecause______.(A)the boys' knowledge of St. Louis was much less detailed than the engineer's (B)St. Louis had changed so much that the boys' stories were no longer accurate (C)the boys realized that traveling to St. Louis was not a mark of sophistication (D)the engineer's account revealed that the boys' stories were lies7 The author's response to the engineer's survival(Para. 3)is one of______.(A)thankfulness for what he believes is God's providence(B)astonishment at the engineer's miraculous escape(C)outrage at his rival's undeserved good fortune(D)sympathy for the extent of the engineer's wounds8 The major purpose of the passage is to______.(A)sketch the peaceful life of a frontier town(B)relate the events that led to a boy's first success in life(C)portray the unsophisticated ambitions of a boy(D)describe the characteristics of a small-town boaster8 The ozone layer, the fragile layer of gas surrounding our planet between 7 and 30 miles above the earth's surface, is being rapidly depleted. Seasonally occurring holes have appeared in it over the Poles and, recently, over densely populated temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The threat is serious because the ozone layer protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to all living organisms.Even though the layer is many miles thick, the atmosphere in it is tenuous and the total amount of ozone, compared with other atmospheric gases, is small. Ozone is highly reactive to chlorine, hydrogen , and nitrogen. Of course chlorine is the most dangerous since it is very stable and long-lived. When chlorine compounds reach the stratosphere, they bond with and destroy ozone molecules, with consequent repercussions for life on Earth.In 1958, researchers began noticing seasonal variations in the ozone layer above the South Pole. Between June and October the ozone content steadily fell, followed by a sudden increase in November. These fluctuations appeared to result from the natural effects of wind and temperature. But while the low October levels remained constant until 1979, the total ozone content over the Pole was steadily diminishing. In 1985, public opinion was finally aroused by reports of a"hole"in the layer.The culprits responsible for the hole were identified as compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are compounds of chlorine and fluorine. Nonflammable, nontoxic and noncorrosive, they have been widely used in industry sincethe 1950s, mostly as refrigerants and propellants and in making plastic foam and insulation.In 1989 CFCs represented a sizable market value at over $1.5 billion and a labor force of 1.6 million. But with CFCs implicated in ozone depletion, the question arose as to whether we were wiling to risk an increase in cases of skin cancer, eye ailments, even a lowering of the human immune defense system—all effects of further loss of the ozone layer. And not only humans would suffer. So would plant life. Phytoplankton, the first link in the ocean food chain and vital to the survival of most marine species, would not be able to survive near the ocean surface, which is where these organisms grow.In 1990, 70 countries agreed to stop producing CFCs by the year 2000. In late 1991 , however, scientists noticed a depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic. In 1992, it was announced that the layer was depleting faster then expected and that it was also declining over the northern hemisphere. Scientists believe that natural events are making the problem worse. The Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, which erupted in June 1991, released 12 million tons of damaging volcanic gases into the atmosphere.Even if the whole world agreed today to stop all production and use of CFCs, this would not solve the problem. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 10, 000-100, 000 molecules of ozone. Furthermore, CFCs have a lifespan of 75 - 400 years and they take ten years to reach the ozone layer. In other words, what we are experiencing today results from CFCs emitted ten years ago.Researchers are working hard to find substitute products. Some are too dangerous because they are highly flammable; others may prove to be toxic and to contribute to the greenhouse effect—to the process of global warming. Nevertheless, even if there is no denying that atmosphere is in a state of disturbance, nobody can say that the situation will not improve, either in the short or the long term, especially if we ourselves lend a hand.9 As it is described in the passage, the major function of the ozone layer is closest to that of______.(A)an emergency evacuation place for a skyscraper(B)a central information desk at a convention centre(C)the filtering system for a city water supply(D)the structural support for a suspension bridge10 The word "tenuous"(Para. 2)most nearly means______.(A)hazy(B)tense(C)clear(D)thin11 Which of the following does the passage imply about the"seasonal variations in the ozone layer"(Para. 3)observed by scientists in 1958?(A)They were caused by industrial substances other than CFCs.(B)They created alarm among scientists but not the public.(C)They were least stable in the months between June and November.(D)They opened the public eyes to the threat of ozone depletion.12 The author mentions market and workforce figures related to CFC production in order to point out that______.(A)responsibility for the problems of ozone depletion lies primarily with industry (B)the disadvantages of CFCs are obvious while the benefits are not(C)the magnitude of profits from CFCs has turned public opinion against the industry's practices(D)while the economic stakes are large, they are overshadowed by the effects of CFCs 13 In Para. 6, the author cites the evidence of changes in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere to indicate that______.(A)the danger of ozone depletion appear to be intensifying(B)ozone depletion is posing an immediate threat to many marine species(C)scientists are unsure about the ultimate effects of ozone loss on plants(D)CFCs are not the primary cause of ozone depletion in such areas14 Which of the following scientists apparently believe about the" volcanic gases" mentioned in Para. 6?(A)They are hastening ozone loss at present.(B)They contribute more to global warming than to ozone loss.(C)They pose a greater long-term threat than CFCs.(D)They contain molecules that are less destructive of ozone than CFCs.15 The author's reference to the long life of chlorine molecules(Para. 7)is meant to show that______.(A)there is more than adequate time to develop a long-term strategy against ozone loss(B)the positive effects of actions taken against ozone loss will be gradual(C)the long-term effects of ozone loss on human health may never be known(D)it is doubtful that normal levels of ozone can ever be reestablished16 In the final paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that______.(A)researchers are unlikely to find effective substitutes for CFCs(B)human action can alleviate the decline of the ozone layer(C)people must learn to line with the damaging effects of industrial pollutants(D)atmospheric conditions are largely beyond human control16 Maman-Nainaine said that when the figs were ripe Babette might go to visit her cousin down on the Bayou-Lafourche where the sugar cane grows. Not that the ripening of the figs had the least thing to do with it, but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was.It seemed to Babette a very long time to wait; for the leaves upon the trees were tender yet, and the figs were like little hard green marbles.But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, and Babette as restless as a hummingbird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summertime. Every day Babette danced out to where the fig trees were in a long line against the fence. She walked slowly beneath them, carefully peering between the gnarled, spreading branches. But each time she came disconsolate away again. What she saw there finally was something that made her sing and dance the whole day long.When Maman-Nainaine sat down in her stately way to breakfast, the following morning, her muslin cap standing like an aureole about her white, placid face, Babette approached. She bore a dainty porcelain platter, which she set down before her godmother. It contained a dozen purple figs, fringed around with their rich, green leaves. "Ah, "said Maman-Nainaine arching her eyebrows, " how early the figs have ripened this year!""Oh, "said Babette. "I think they have ripened very late. "" Babette, " continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knives, "you will carry my love to them all down to Bayou-Lafourche. And tell your Tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaint—when the chrysanthemums are in bloom.17 Which of the following does the phrase "but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was" suggest about Maman-Nainaine?(A)She was not aware of the seriousness of the situation.(B)She was an overtly strict woman.(C)Her actions had their own logic.(D)She gave out punishment for no reason.18 All of the following pairs of words illustrate the difference between Maman-Nainaine and Babette EXCEPT______.(A)patient and "restless"(B)ripe and "bloom"(C)purple and green(D)early and late19 Which of the following does the word "though"(Line 1 , Para. 3)imply in the context of the sentence?(A)The two women were in disagreement.(B)Patience is a virtue when waiting for something.(C)Maman-Nainaine's patience was annoying to Babette.(D)Their patience and impatience had no effect on nature.20 The narrative point of view of the passage as a whole is that of______.(A)a third-person objective observer(B)a first-person impartial observer(C)the protagonist(D)a disapproving observer二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a" √" or write "No error"on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Very convincing was the saleswoman's pitch about the value of the used car that Herbert nearly missed the fallacy in its logic.22 Barbara Walters distinguished herself as journalist by asking famous people the kinds of questions that other reporters shied away from.23 Because the ancient Egyptians defined the hour as one-twelf of the time from dawn to dusk, its length varied during the course of the year.24 Moira forced herself to eat every morsel on her plate, although she found the food practically inedible, she wanted to avoid protesting her kind hosts.25 Because of her conservative views the professor frequently found herself defending traditional values and the status quo in arguments with her more radical students.26 Although the whale shark is found in equatorial waters around the world, it is rarely encountered by divers in spite of its low numbers and solitary nature.27 The British social philosopher Thomas Malthus predicted that population growth would eventually surpass world food production, resulting massive famine and political unrest.28 In the early nineteenth century, some British agricultural workers felt that newly invented farm machinery risked their jobs, and they displayed their fear of technology by smashing machines.29 The famous movie star regarded her mountain cabin as a haven; she felt safe there from the annoying intrusions of reporters and photographers.30 The features of Noh, the oldest fonn of Japanese drama, are highly prescribed; verse sections must be sung, and the vocal style in the prose passages has to base on the chanting of specific Buddhist prayers.三、写作31 Read the following quote and write an argumentation of about 400 words on the true reader." Ignorant of the daily news, though versed in the catalogues of the second hand booksellers, in whose dark premises he spends the hours of sunlight—the true reader is essentially young—he is open minded and communicative, to whom reading is more of the nature of brisk exercise in the open air than of sheltered study; he trudges the high road. "by Virginia Woolf, British writerIn the first part of your writing you should introduce your argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the final part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.四、英译汉32 Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh's legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains * ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh's global * apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives' ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists' painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous;existing or found everywhere* apotheosis; the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory五、汉译英33 接读朋友的来信,尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风情的航空信件,如果无需回信的话,确是人生一大快事。
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2010年广东学位英语试题学位英语考试真题(含答案)
2010年广东学位英语试题学位英语考试真题2010广东省成教英语学位统考全真试题Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. —— What day is it today?——_______________.A. MondayB. It’s fineC. June 14D. Nine o’clock2. ——Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please?——____________.A. Sure, pleaseB. Thank you so muchC. It’s six o’clockD. Yes, I can3. ——May I use the telephone?——_____________.A. Go aheadB. Thank you so muchC. Don’t worryD. You are welcome4. ——Would you like to come to the party Friday evening?——______________.A. That’s rightB. Yes, I’d like toC. I’ll be lateD. No, never mind5. ——I’m sorry I can’t give you any help.——That’s OK. ____________.页脚内容1A. What a pityB. I don’t careC. Thank you all the sameD. Don’t mention it6. ——How did you find your visit to the museum, Eddie?——____________.A. I went there all by myselfB. Oh, wonderful, indeedC. My friend showed me thereD. By taking a No. 2 bus.7. ——I didn’t know this was a one-way street, sir.——___________A. It’s different.B. How do you do?C. How dare you say that?D. Sorry, but that’s no excuse.8. ——I don’t want to eat anything. I’m not feeling well today.——_____________, Carlos. I hope you’ll be better soon.A. It doesn’t matterB. Don’t botherC. I’m better nowD. I’m sorry to hear that9. ——Are you going to take part in the English contest to be held at the end of this term?——___________.A. I’m afraidB. I doC. It dependsD. It’s a pleasure10. ——Today’s Sunday. What about going to the Science Museum?——__________.A. Take it easyB. Let’s call it a day页脚内容2C. That’s a good ideaD. It’s kind of you to say so11. ——I have just passed my exam. I feel so relieved now.——____________!A. Thank youB. Well doneC. Cheer upD. My pleasure12. ——Don’t forget to pass on the message to my teacher.——___________.A. Yes, I don’tB. I don’t think soC. No, I won’tD. Sorry, I wouldn’t13. ——How could you say that?——_____________. I didn’t mean to hurt you.A. It doesn’t matterB. That’s all rightC. I am really sorryD. None of your business14. ——You have given us a wonderful party, Mrs. Johnson.——____________.A. Don’t say toB. I’m glad you enjoyed itC. It is interesting for you to say soD. Oh, I’m afraid I didn’t organize it well15. ——What’s the matter? You really look upset.——_____________.——Well, better luck next time.A. I have won a prizeB. I failed an important testC. Why, I always look up to youD. Me? I never look down upon anybody页脚内容3Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWe are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know the history of the Internet?Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up as recently as the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn’t work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sen through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.At first the Internet was only used by the government, but in the 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks began to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. At the beginning of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. And scientists developed software that made Internet “surfing”more convenient.Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day.16. The Internet was set up in _____________.A. 1960B. the 1960sC. 1970D. the 1970s17. Computer networks didn’t work well at first because ___________.A. computers were large and expensiveB. computers couldn’t send information fastC. computers didn’t fit into the same networkD. if one computer failed, the whole network stopped18. Which of the following was the first to use the Internet?页脚内容4A. Governments.B. Universities.C. Banks.D. Hospitals.19. Which of the following statements is true?A. People use the internet mainly to send emails.B. Computers are now more costly then ever before.C. Computers were costly and hard to use until the early 1990s.D. In the 1970s the Internet was easy to use but computers were costly.20. The best title for the passage is ____________.A. The Future of the InternetB. The History of ComputersC. The history of the InternetD. Convenient Internet SurfingPassage TwoAlan Chang was a handsome young man with good manners.One morning he was walking along a street on his way to an appointment. He did not want to be early or late. He had forgotten to put on his watch so he went up to a man who was waiting for a taxi.“Excuse me, sir,”he said, very politely, “but could you tell me the time?”The man, who was very well-dressed and looked quite rich, said nothing. He did not even look at Alan. Alan spoke to him again. “Excuse me, sir,”he said, “but could you please tell me what time it is?”This time the man looked at him, but he did not speak and looked quickly away. Alan thought to himself: well, he can hear me; he must be just rude. So Alan asked again, “Why wouldn’t you tell me the time, sir?”The man turned towards him and said, “Put yourself in my shoes. I am standing here waiting for a taxi. You come up to me and ask me for the time. If I tell it to you, you will thank me. I will say ‘That’s all right.’You may then say ‘It’s a beautiful day,’to which I may reply ‘Yes, I like these sunny winter days.’Before we know what is happening we have a friendly conversation. You are a pleasant, polite yo7ung man, so when my taxi comes, I offer you a ride. You accept. We talk. I like you. You like me. I invite you to my home. You meet my daughter. She is a very页脚内容5pretty girl. You are a good-looking man. You like each other. Soon you fall in love. You want to marry. Now do you understand my problem?”Alan shook his head. “No, sir, I’m sorry, I don’t. Everything you have said seems very natural to me.”“Exactly,”the man said, “and I do not want my daughter to marry a man who is too poor to buy a watch. Good morning to you.”And with these words he hurried away.21. Why did Alan ask the man what time it was?A. He was too late.B. He was very early.C. He had left his watch home.D. He wanted to meet the man’s daughter.22. What did Alan think of the man when he would not tell him the time?A. He was impolite.B. He was deaf.C. He was stupid.D. He spoke no English.23. What did the man mean by the underlined part “Put yourself in my shoes”?A. Don’t interrupt me.B. My shoes hurt me.C. Come and try my shoes.D. Try to understand me.24. What kind of a man was Alan Change in the man’s opinion?A. thief.B. A poor man.C. A cheat.D. A rich man.25. The story is mainly about ____________.A. how rude a person can beB. how one thing leads to anotherC. where a person can’t tell the timeD. why you shouldn’t speak to strangersPassage ThreeWhat are the beauties of Hawaii? Let’s start with four.页脚内容6The beach, famous for its water temperature, air temperature and waves, is the first beauty. There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii. They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world.Then, what do you think would be the second beautiful thing? It is volcanoes (火山), of course. These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands; they made the islands in the first place. Because of them the islands are still growing.What would be the third thing of beauty that the first visitor to Hawaii would notice? It probably wouldn’t be just one thing, but many things: all the wonderful fruits and flowers of the islands. Sugar cane, bananas and pineapples areHawaii’s biggest exports. Sugar cane has been growing in Hawaii for a thousand years. As for pineapples, the islands produce more than any other places in the world, which has made Dole Company the biggest fruit-packing company in the world.The fourth and most beautiful thing about Hawaii is the people who live there. The Hawaiians never rush, and perhaps this is because they care more for human life than they care for the machine. There is an old Hawaiian law that a man can go to sleep in the middle of the road if he wants to. What makes the people of Hawaii so beautiful is their feeling about people. There are 64 different combinations of races on the islands, and they all live in peace. They believe “Above all nations is humanity.”That is the most beautiful thing of all.26. According to the passage, Hawaii is made up of ___________.A. one islandB. twenty islandsC. sixty-four islandsD. hundreds of islands27. Why are the volcanoes so special to the islands?A. They are not a part of the islands.B. They actually made the islands.C. They are the first in the world.D. They are growing.28. What has made Dole Company the biggest fruit-packing company in the world?A. Sugar.B. Sugar cane.C. Bananas.D. Pineapples.29. The people in Hawaii are the most beautiful thing because ___________.A. they had a peaceful historyB. they can sleep in the middle of the roadC. there are 64 different races on the islandsD. they care more for people than anything else页脚内容730. According to the passage, “above all nations is humanity”might mean ___________.A. not all nations have humanityB. humanity is as important as a nationC. humanity has no national boundariesD. all human beings should live in peacePassage FourThere is a measurable relation between how much a person learns and his attitude toward the subject to be learned. When faced with a difficult learning task, one path to success is to concentrate on the positive aspects of the subject matter. If a student has a boring teacher, one solution is to look for the positive aspects of completing the course, regardless of how boring the teacher happens to be. To accomplish this might require a private tutor or some independent reading, but with the right attitude, success is possible.Over-achievers –students who do better than their test scores show –usually have a positive interest toward learning. They may learn some things more slowly, and they may make more efforts, but, to compensate (补偿), they are often better at applying what they have learned. As long as they do not have emotional problems, they are successful.Under-achievers –those who function below their ability shown by test scored –often tend to allow a few negative factors to affect them. Because of their negative attitudes, they sometimes become unfairly critical of teachers. They allow themselves to get bored when it is not necessary. In short, their attitudes often cause them to learn less than over-achievers.If you learn to replace a negative attitude toward learning with something more positive, you are on the road to achieving almost any goal you desire. For example, if you realize a personal computer with a word processor would improve your performance, but have an attitude that keeps telling you that a computer is difficult to operate, you tend to make all kinds of excuses. In short, you resist making full use of a terrific tool, simply because your negative attitude prevents you from learning.31. What does the author think a student should do if he has a boring teacher?A. Look for a new course.B. Be critical of the teacher.页脚内容8C. Complete the course with a good score.D. Have a right attitude toward the teacher.32. The writer thinks that over-achievers and under-achievers mainly differ in ___________.A. their test scoresB. their judgment of othersC. their attitudes toward learningD. their skills in using computers33. The underlined phrase function below their ability shown by test scores means the under-achievers_____________.A. often get low scores in testsB. do worse in actual learning than in testsC. usually do better in tests than the over-achieversD. are always slow in learning and have to make more efforts34. The example of the personal computer shows that ___________.A. finding excuses helps in learningB. to react negatively can be harmfulC. hard-working is the key to successD. making use of the computer is important35. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Attitudes play an important role in learning.B. Students should learn how to use personal computers.C. Teachers are not so important in the learning process.D. There are many differences between over-and under-achievers.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.页脚内容936. This photo __________ me of the days when I worked on the farm many years ago.A. remindsB. recallsC. retellsD. remembers37. I can’t get online because my ___________ broke down.A. cameraB. watchC. computerD. recorder38. Would you please __________ the TV a little? The children are doing their homework.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down39. Few houses in this district __________ the terrible earthquake and many people were killed.A. lastedB. survivedC. deservedD. passed40. We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all ___________.A. given awayB. kept awayC. taken upD. used up41. We are at your service. Don’t __________ to turn to us if you have any problems.A. begB. hesitateC. desireD. seek42. My boss did not __________ from his desk when I entered his office.A. look outB. look aroundC. look downD. look up43. I love thinking of new designs. It keeps my mind clear and active and fills my retired life with _______.A. joyB. anxietyC. sorrowD. anger44. The company is starting a new advertising campaign to __________ more customers.A. joinB. attractC. stickD. transfer45. —— Where is the new camera I borrowed last week?页脚内容10—— It is on the top shelf, out of the __________ of our little kid.A. orderB. sightC. reachD. touch46. Herman’s success is _________ his hard work and his academic ability.A. used toB. equal toC. due toD. close to47. The bookseller cannot get enough books to _________ the needs of their customers.A. makeB. pleaseC. fillD. meet48. —— He looks so young?—— I agree with you. He looks 30, but he is __________ 45.A. actuallyB. basicallyC. accordinglyD. entirely49. Parents have __________ their concern about violence in some children’s shows.A. expressedB. acceptedC. complainedD. expected50. It was Thomas Edison that __________ the electric lamp.A. inventedB. discoveredC. designedD. developed51. The doctors successfully completed a 20-hour operation to ________ the one-year-old twins at the head.A. isolateB. separateC. divideD. remove52. In __________ Chinese culture, children’s marriage decisions were often made by parents.A. traditionalB. historicC. remoteD. initial53. We decided to leave the waitress a big __________ because her service was excellent.A. billB. moneyC. fareD. tip54. Experiments show that different temperatures have different ___________ on human feelings.页脚内容11A. resultsB. troublesC. endingsD. effects55. The cost of the products ___________ to 56,000 Yuan.A. reachesB. numbersC. amountsD. counts56. The mother asked the boys to put __________ everything in __________ order before they left the room.A. the; aB. an; theC. /; aD. /; /57. —— Do you like pop music or country music?—— ____________. I only like sports.A. EachB. EitherC. NeitherD. Both58. It was not known __________ he had said during the interview.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. what59. Don’t get off the bus __________ it has stopped completely.A. untilB. whenC. ifD. since60. ___________ does it take you to wash all the dishes?A. How oftenB. How muchC. How longD. How fast61. __________ all her friends and money gone, Kate felt totally hopeless.A. BecauseB. Owing toC. WithD. But for62. __________ bad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of the difficulty.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a63. I don’t think __________ possible to finish the work in time without his help.A. whatB. thisC. thatD. it页脚内容1264. It is ___________ from my school to the railway station.A. two-hours walkB. two-hour’s walkC. two-hour walkD. a two-hour walk65. It’s not a good habit to leave your work ___________.A. done halfB. half doneC. a half doneD. done a half66. We like our English teacher because she often tells __________ funny stories in class.A. usB. ourC. weD. ours67. His little car isn’t _________ for five people.A. enough bigB. big enoughC. as enough bigD. so big enough68. When and where to hold the meeting _________ not decided yet.A. isB. areC. hasD. have69. A new house will have been built here _________.A. in this yearB. for one yearC. by the end of the yearD. during the last year70. It was already ten o’clock in the evening __________ we arrived at the hotel.A. sinceB. whileC. thatD. when71. __________, we will review all the lessons before the final exam.A. If time will permitB. Time permittingC. If time permittedD. Time permits72. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, _________ effects can still be felt now.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. that73. _________ you do, you should put your heart into it.页脚内容13A. No matter howB. WheneverC. No matter whatD. Wherever74. _________ has already been pointed out before, English grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. As75. These university students are looking for a cheap hotel __________.A. to stay inB. to be stayingC. which to stayD. where to stay inPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Mr Smith gave his wife fifty pounds for her birthday. The day after her birthday, Mrs Smith 76 shopping. She queued 77 a bus, got on and sat down next to an old lady. After a while, she noticed that the old lady’s handbag was 78 . Inside it, she saw some pound notes exactly like the ones her husband had given her. So she quickly looked into her own bag –the notes had 79 ! Mrs Smith was sure the old lady who was sitting next to herhad 80 them. She thought she would have to call 81 ; but as she disliked making a fuss and making people into trouble, she decided to take back the money from the old lady’s bag and say 82 more about it. She looked round the bus to make sure nobody was watching; then she carefully put her hand into the old lady’s bag, took the notes and 83 them in her own bag.When she got home that evening, she showed her husband the beautiful dress she had bought.“ 84 did you pay for it?”he asked.“With the money you gave me for my birthday, of course,”she replied.“Oh? What’s that, then?”he asked, as he pointed to the 85 on the table.76. A. made B. went C. took D. decided页脚内容1477. A. in B. on C. for D. to78. A. open B. closed C. old D. empty79. A. dropped B. missed C. lost D. gone80. A. stolen B. kept C. found D. mistaken81. A. herself B. her C. the lady D. the police82. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything83. A. took B. put C. left D. saved84. A. How B. How much C. What D. For what85. A. bag B. money C. dress D. gift2010年广东省学位外语试题答案Part Ⅰ1-5 ACABC 6-10 BDDCC 11-15 BCCBBPart Ⅱ16-20 BAADC 21-25 CAAAB26-30 BBDDD 31-35 DCBBAPart Ⅲ36-40 ACDBC 41-45 BDABC 46-50 CDAAA 51-55 BADDC56-60 DCCAC 61-65 CADDB 66-70 ABCCD 71-75 BBCDAPart Ⅳ页脚内容1576-80 BCACA 81-85 DCBABPart ⅤTo Work or to Study Further?To work or study further?Probably no two persons would give us exactly the similar answers.Some believe that they need work for money and self-improvement,while other think that to study further for better work and more money.As far as I am concerned,I like to work instead of study further,because work can help me lean how to communicate with others in order to build my network of social relations,and nowadays communication skills are as important as intellectual growth to compete in society.By means of good commication in the sociely during work,we can show our wit and abilities to impress others thus more opportunities can be created.Good communication can build good cooperation.By talking and interacting with others,we can exchange information,and know what strengths each can bring to the table.Maxim Gorky once said that when work is a pleasure,life is a joy;when work is a duty,life is slavery,and Iagree with him totally.Ishall take any job that makes me happy and requires my qualifications for the bright future.To be in brief,Ishould work to invest life with meaning.In fact work isn’t just for wages but for a daily meaning and daily bread,for recognition as well as money,and for enjoyment as well as achievement.页脚内容16。
中山大学2010真题
中山大学二〇一一年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题普通心理学一、选择题(请选择一个最合适的答案,每题2分,共72分)。
答题时请在答题纸上写上题号和相应答案。
1.控制无意识以及重要生命功能(如呼吸和血液循环)的脑部结构是A. ponsB. medullaC. cerebellumD. corpus callosum2.动觉系统(kinesthetic system)与以下什么有关?A. maintaining the relative position of body partsB. the location of the body in spaceC. the sense of forward accelerationD. sensing body movement, as in a car3.下面哪位心理学家最先提出“自由意志是一种错觉”("free will is an illusion")?A. Abraham MaslowB. WilhelmWundtC. B.F. SkinnerD. Carl Rogers4.小王对一个疗养院的住户进行有关年龄的描述性统计。
她算出来住户的平均年龄是75岁,标准差是10岁:后来她发现她的计算有错误:其中一位住户是72岁而被误写成了27岁。
如果纠正了这个错误,那么:A. the standard deviation for the data set will decreaseB. the standard deviation for the data set will not changeC. the standard deviation for the data set will increaseD. the correlation coefficient for the data set will become negative5.研究人员设计了一项研究来考察儿童的行为是否会受到其他儿童在场影响。
中山大学大学博士研究生考试英语真题
博士研究生入学考试英语试卷第一部分基础英语试题Part I: Grammar & Vocabulary (15%)Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.1. The governor was ___ by the public for misusing his power for personal interests.[A] sneaked [B] praised [C] flailed [D] rebuked2. He ___ at his watch before he left the office.[A] glanced[B] glimpsed [C] glared [D] scribbled3. A recent poll shows that, while 81 percent of college students are eligible for some form of financial aid, only 63 percent of these students are __________ such aid.[A] complaining about [B] recipients of[C] dissatisfied with [D] turned down for4. The ____ landlord refused to return the security deposit, claiming falsely that the tenant had damaged the apartment.[A] unscrupulous [B] resplendent [C] divine [D] deceased5. Moby Dick, now regarded as a great work of American literature, was virtually ____ when itwas first published, and it was not until many years later that Melville’s achievements were ____.[A] renowned ... relegated [B] notorious ... justified[C] hailed ... understood [D] ignored ... recognized6. He refused to _____ that he was defeated.[A] burlesque [B] conceive [C] acknowledge [D] probe7. The people stood ______ at the beautiful picture.[A] glaring [B] gazing [C] peeping [D] gasping8. The judge is committed to maintaining a _____ of impartiality.[A] stance [B] motto [C] pretense [D] commotion9. Dell quit dealing in souped-up versions of other companies’products, and started designing,_______ and marketing his own.[A] fashioning [B] assembling [C] pruning [D] slashing10. This law ______ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road whenthey get off the bus.[A] intends reducing [B] intends to be reduced[C] is intended to reduce [D] is intended reducing11. By the time you arrive in London, we_____in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay [B] have stayed [C] will have stayed [D] have been staying12. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge_____ our thinking.[A] which to be based on [B] which to base upon[C] upon which to base [D] to which to be based13. The little man was _____ one meter fifty high.[A] almost more than [B] hardly more than[C] nearly more than [D] as much as14. The young applicant is under great ___ at the thought of up-coming job interview.[A] comprehension[B] apprehension[C] miscomprehension [D] concern15. The successful launch of the Special Olympic Games has demonstrated that ___ Shanghai iswell on its way to become one of the most internalized metropolises worldwide.[A] imperceptibly [B] conceivably [C] deceivably [D] imaginatively16. I would rather ______ trouble and hardship like that than ____ by others.[A] had….take care of [B] have…taken care of[C] had…taken care of [D] have …be taken care of17. One difficulty _______ the components of economic movements lies in the fact that thosecomponents are not completely independent of one another.[A] of isolation [B] in isolating [C] will isolate [D] to isolate18. Interest on short-term government debt soared to an almost unimaginable 210%, which _____a total collapse of investor confidence.[A] amounts to [B] equals to [C] is added up to [D] reaches to19. It’s a general practice for small factories to _____ mor e workers during times of prosperity,and lay off some when recession hits.[A] take in [B] take over [C] take on [D] take up20. To ______ freedom against tyranny, our fathers laid down these rules.[A] ensure [B] guarantee [C] assure [D] fulfill21. Merdine is her own woman, with an identity from her mother's.[A] discrete [B] distinctive [C] distinct [D] discreet22. She gave him back the money she'd stolen for the sake of her .[A] conscientious [B] consciousness[C] conscious [D] conscience23. They had the attempt to Anderson to the presidency.[A] evolve [B] elevate [C] evoke [D] evince24. I’m afraid our food stock will be ___ before long.[A] put up [B] stayed up [C] saved up [D] used up25. Mr. Morrison has a great ___ for anything that is oriental and exotic[A] vision [B] emotion [C] contribution [D] passion26. The subways and buses tend to be ___ during the rush hours.[A] overcrowded [B] overwhelmed[C] overshadowed [D] overgrown27. Every ___ has been taken to evacuate the stranded sailors from Hurricane Betty.[A] pleasure [B] measure[C] pressure [D] leisure28. We were greatly surprised by the way things were done here.[A] what [B] in which[C] as [D] which29. I __________ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.[A] meant [B] has meant [C] was meaning [D] had meant30. When it comes __________ his wife with the housework, John never grumbles.[A] to help [B] and helps [C] to helping [D] to have helpedPart II: Reading Comprehension (20%).Direction: There are 2 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Three Yale University professors agreed in a panel discussion tonight that the automobile was what one of them called “Public Health Enemy No.1 in this country.” Besides polluting the air and congesting the cities, cars are involved in more than half the disabling accidents, and they cause heart disease “because we don’t walk anywhere anymore,” said Dr. H. Richard Weinerman, professor of medicine and public health. Dr. Weinerman’s sharp criticism of automobile came in a discussion of human environment on Yale Reports, a radio program broadcast by Station WTIC in Hartford, Connecticut. The program opened a three-part series on “Staying Alive.” “For the first time in human history, the problem of man’s survival has to do with his c ontrol of man-made dangers,” Dr. Weinerman said. “Before this, the problem had been the control of natural dangers.”Relating many of these dangers of the automobile, Arthur W. Galston, a professor of biology, said it was possible to make a kerosene-burnin g car that would “lessen smog by a very large factor.” But he expressed doubt that Americans were willing to give up moving about the countryside at 90miles an hour in a large vehicle. “America seems wedded to the motor car - every family has to have at l east two, and one has to be a convertible with 300 horsepower,” Professor Galston continued. “Is this the way of life that we choose because we cherish these values?”For Paul B. Sears, professor of conservation, part of the blame lies with “a society that regards profit as a supreme value, under the false idea that anything that’s technically possible is, therefore, ethically justified.” Professor Sears also called the country’s dependence on its modern automobile “lousy economics” because of the large horsepower used simply “moving one person to work.” But he agreed that Americans have painted themselves into a corner by allowing the national economy to become so reliant on the automobile industry.According to Dr. Weinerman, automobiles, not the factories, are responsible for two-thirds of the smog in American cities, and the smog presents the possibility of a whole new kind of epidemic, not due to one germ, but due to polluted environment. “Within another five to ten years, it’s possible to have an epidemic of lung cancer in a city like Los Angeles. This is a new phenomenon in health concern,” he said.The solution, he continued, is “not to find a less dangerous fuel, but a different system of inner-city transportation. Because of the increasing use of cars, public transportation has been allowed to wither and degenerate, so that if you can’t walk to where you want to go, you have to have a car in most cities,” he asserted. This, in turn, Dr. Weinerman contended, is responsible for the “arteriosclerosis” of public roads, for the blight of the inner city and for the middle-class movement to the suburbs.31. The main idea of this article is that _______.[A] Americans are too attached to their cars.[B] American cars run too fast and consume too much fuel.[C] the automobile industry has caused all this to happen.[D] automobiles endanger both the environment and people.32. In paragraph 2, Professor Galston implies that _______.[A] people are more interested in fast automobiles than in their health.[B] kerosene-burning cars would pollute the environment more seriously thangasoline-burning engines do.[C] Americans feel more closely connected to their cars than to the environment.[D] it is not right for every family to have at least two cars.33. In paragraph 3, Professor Sears implies that _______.[A] technology is always good for people.[B] technology is not always good for people.[C] financial profit is more important than technological advancement.[D] technological advancement will improve financial profit.34. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _______.[A] a fuel less dangerous than gasoline must be found.[B] people should get rid of their cars and take the bus to work.[C] public transportation should be improved so that people can become less dependent upontheir cars for inner-city transportation.[D] the only solution to this problem is to build more high ways and more subways.35. Dr. Weinerman would probably agree that _______, if public transportation were improved.[A] the inner city might improve[B] the middle class would move to the suburbs[C] public roads would get worse[D] there would still be an urgent need to build more highwaysPassage TwoQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Food and Drug Administration said on Wednesday that it is trying to track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.The focus of the FDA investigation is on pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: one is a cow gene that increases milk production in the sow; the other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness, but critics warn that potential side effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes, but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they won’t get into the food supply.The FDA, in a quickly arranged news conference on Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY, said the University of Illinois would face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker, who in turn sold them to processing plants.Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the investigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500,000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a burgeoning(新兴的)area of scientific research. “This is a small incident, but it’s incidents like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence,” says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufact urers of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to which we export are going to look at this.”The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadn’t inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didn’t were sold to the pig broker. “Any pig that was tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market,” says Charles Zukoski, vice chancellor f or research.But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the university’s agreement with the FDA, the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA approval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA t o see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food.”The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.36. The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from ________.[A] Europe[B] an American research organization[C] a meat processing plant[D] an animal farm37. The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to ________.[A] get pigs of larger size in a shorter time[B] make sows produce more milk[C] make cows produce more milk[D] make pigs grow more lean meat38. The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois ________.[A] was criticized by the FDA[B] is in great trouble[C] is required by the FDA to call back the sold piglets[D] may have to pay the penalty39. The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets ________.[A] may have side effects on consumers[B] may be harmful to consumers[C] are safe to consumers[D] may cause human illness40. It can be inferred from this passage that ________.[A] all the offspring have their mothers’ genetic engineering[B] part of the offspring have their mothers’ genetic engineering[C] none of the offspring have their mothers’ genetic engineering[D] half of the offspring have their mothers’ genetic engineeringPart III: English Writing (15%)DIRECTIONS: For this part, you are going to write a short essay on the title. You should write about 250 words and write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Title:How to handle psychological pressure in today’s competitive lifeNOTES:Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.第二部分专业英语试题Part I. Reading comprehensionThere are altogether 12 sections. Please choose from the items given under each question the best one as your answer. 2 marks for each question with a total of 40 marks.Note:You should answer questions to 5 sections only,one of which should be the section corresponding to the major you are applying for and the other 4 sections can be selected at your will. 每名考生最多回答5节下的选择题,其中必须有一节与考生所报专业对应,其余4节考生可以任选。
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(广东卷,含答案)
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(广东卷,含答案)本试卷共12页,四大题,满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一井交回。
Ⅰ听力(共两节。
满分35分)第一节听力理解(5段,共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题,各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。
请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题,在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中,选出最佳选项.并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话.回答第1~3题.1. Why does the man want to borrow the woman’s notes?A. He raised the classes.B. He is not satisfied with his notes.C. He has not taken any notes in class.2. When does the man feel sleepy?A. On his way to class.B. At the beginning of the class.C. Thirty minutes after class begins.3. Where will the speakers go?A. To the library.B. To the c afeteria.C. To the supermarket.听第二段对话,回答第4~6题。
中山大学考博英语真题试题试卷
中山大学考博英语真题试题试卷中山大学考博英语真题试题试卷详解一、文章类型本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中山大学考博英语考试的试题构成、考试形式和难度等方面。
文章结构清晰,逻辑性强,对于准备参加中山大学考博英语考试的学生具有很高的参考价值。
二、思路梳理1、引言:简述中山大学考博英语考试的意义和重要性。
2、试题构成:详细介绍中山大学考博英语考试的试题构成,包括听力、阅读、翻译和写作等部分。
3、考试形式:阐述各部分考试形式的安排和特点。
4、难度分析:对不同部分的难度进行深入分析,为学生提供备考建议。
5、应对策略:提出有效的应对策略,帮助学生顺利通过中山大学考博英语考试。
三、展开论述1、引言中山大学考博英语考试是面向博士生申请者的重要英语水平测试,旨在评估申请者的英语综合应用能力和学术交流能力。
该考试对于申请者的重要性不言而喻,因此本文将详细介绍其试题构成、考试形式和难度等方面,为学生提供参考和指导。
2、试题构成中山大学考博英语考试主要包括听力、阅读、翻译和写作等四个部分。
其中,听力部分主要测试考生在听力理解方面的能力,包括听力和填空两个题型;阅读部分主要测试考生在阅读理解方面的能力,包括单项选择和多项选择两个题型;翻译部分主要测试考生在英语翻译方面的能力,包括中译英和英译中两个题型;写作部分主要测试考生在学术写作方面的能力,包括议论文和说明文两个题型。
3、考试形式中山大学考博英语考试采用闭卷、笔试形式,考试时间为180分钟。
听力部分通过录音设备播放,考试时间为30分钟;阅读部分考试时间为40分钟;翻译部分考试时间为60分钟;写作部分考试时间为50分钟。
整个考试过程中,考生需在规定时间内完成相应题型的答题,并在考试结束前将答案填涂在答题卡上。
4、难度分析听力部分的难度主要集中在听力和填空题型上,其中填空题需要考生在理解听力材料的基础上进行填空,难度较大。
阅读部分的难度主要集中在单项选择和多项选择题型上,其中多项选择题容易出现模棱两可的选项,难度较大。
2010医博统考听力题答案原文
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let's begin with question Number 1.1. A. She's looking for a gift. B. She needs a new purse.C. She's going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She bears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her tight ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear tings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He'll go to see Mr. White at 10:30. B. He'd like to make an earlier appointmentC. He'd like to cancel the appointment.D. He'd like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign tight away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he makes the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn't do anything in particular. B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went t skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man's mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around. B. It feels like a kind of unsteadinessC. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree. B. John himself should be blamedC. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult. B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg,C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D. Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles14. A. Saturday morning, B. Saturday night.C. Sunday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He's lost his notebook. B. His handwriting is messy.C. He'll miss class later this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C. He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs. B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney stone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn't be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68, 000. B. More than 60, 800.C. More than 60, 080,D. More than 60, 008.23. A. Seven-hour sleeper gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-steepers consume fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor B. A teaching assistant.C. A Ph.D. student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no. B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident. B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen. B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Don't care about your teen's feelings.Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文Transcript of Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once.After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: " What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerABCD Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. M: You said that you wanted to go shopping this evening. What do you want to get?W: I think I Want to get my mom a new purse for her birthday.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: My ears are always ringing. Day and night I can’t sleep.M: Which is your bad ear?W: My right ear hurts.Q: Why does the woman have trouble sleeping?3. M: My tooth is bothering me. When can I see Dr. White?W: How about tomorrow? Is 10:30 OK?M: isn’t there anything earlier?W: No. but I will call you if there is a cancellation before then.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Are we going to be late?M: We will be unless we hurry.W: When does the show start?M: At 8:30. We’ve got 15 minutes to get there.Q: What time is it now?5. M: I can’t find the instant soup.W: Did you look next to the canned soup?M: I looked there. But there isn’t anything on the shelf.W: Why don’t you try the spice section? It ought to be there.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?6. M: I’ve a headache. I am resigning from the job of chairman right now. I can’t stand it another day.W: Do you really mean that you want to quit?M: Well, maybe, I’ll give it a second thought.Q: What is the man going to do?7. W: Did you do anything over the weekend?M: Not much. What did you do?W: I had planned to go skiing. But I wound up working in the ER.Q: What did the woman do over the weekend?8. W: We understand that you are not attending school.M: I’ve been attending, but, I’ve been sick recently.W: You’ve attended only three days since last July.M: Three days? No. it’s been morn than that.W: We are going to have to take away your visa.Q: What is the woman?9. M: Does the dizziness feel like spinning or is it just a kind of unsteadiness?W: It feels like spinning.M: How would you describe it? Is it as if the room is going around or do you feel as if it is you that is going around?W: I feel the latter.Q: How does the woman describe her dizziness?10. W: Did you know that John failed in the math exam?M: Yes. And he blamed it on bad luck. But I really think he is barking up the wrong tree.Q: What does the man imply?11. M: Catherine, how is the math homework coming?W: That’s a piece of cake. But the chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack.Q: What does the woman mean?12. W: What’s the problem?M: I’ve had an itching rash on my body, and arms and legs for the last two months.W: Can you describe it?M: It’s pink with red oval spots.Q: What has brought the man here?13. M: I’d like to ask you about your past medi cal history. Can you tell me if you had any childhood diseases?W: When I was small, I had measles, chickenpox and whooping cough. But I don’t think I ever had German measles.Q: What diseases did the woman have when she was small?14. W: If you go to the football game on Saturday night and concur or play on Sunday, you won’t have much time to study.M: Oh, well, I can do that the weekend after this one.Q: When does the man plan to study?15. M: I need to be absent from class on Friday morni ng because I have a doctor’s appointment. And I need to borrow someone’s notes.W: Well, you can certainly borrow mine, if you don’t mind my messy handwriting.Q: What is the man’s problem?Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. ConversationW: HelloM: Hello.W: So, did you have a comfortable night?M: No, not really.W: Sorry to hear that. And how are you feeling at the moment?M: A bit better.W: You don’t feel sick at all?M: No, I’m okay.W: That’s good. Are you having si ps of water?M: No.W: Would you like some?M: Well, I don’t really feel like.W: Ah, you can’t drink anything at the moment.M: The nurses have been giving me mouth washes.W: Yes, I think you will begin to pick up as the day goes on. And we’ll carry on giving you something to ease the discomfort. Does it hurt much?M: Well. it does when I move about.W: Right, but the sooner we have you on the move, the quicker you’ll start to heal. So, we’ll have you sitting in the chair this afternoon. Enjoy the sunshine.M: OK, I can’t say that 1 am really looking forward to that.W: Mm, you have a pretty big gall stone, the gallbladder is quite inflamed. There was a lot of infection around it and inside it. Well it’s out now. So no need to worry about it. It won’t cause you any more trouble.M: Mm.W: Any more questions? Or anything we can do for you?M: No, I think I’m okay. I’m feeling a bit weak at the moment. Oh, when will my wife be able to come and see me? The nurses told me befo re, but I can’t remember.W: The visiting hours are from 6 to 8 in the evening.M: Okay, thank you. She’ll be here tonight in that case.W: Fine, well, I’ll be stopping to see you tomorrow.M: Thank you.Questions:16. What is true about the man in the conversation?17. What was wrong with the man?18. How is the man feeling now?19. What is the man supposed to do according to the doctor’s orders?20. What are the hospital’s visiting hours?Passage OneHere’s a dreamy weight-lo ss plan: take a nap. That’s the message from work by Sanjay Pate, 1 at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. His study of more than 68,000women has found that those who sleep less than 5 hours a night gain more weight over time than those who sleep 7 hours a night.Controlling for other differences between the groups, Patel found that women who sleep5hours or less gained 0. 7 kilograms more on average over 10 years than 7-hour sleepers. The short-sleeping group was also 32 per cent more likely to have gained 15 kilograms or more, and 15 per cent more likely to have become obese.Significantly, the short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than those who slept 7 hours, says Patel, who presented his results this week at the American Thoracic Society International Conference in San Diego, California. This finding overturns the common view that overeating among the sleep-deprived explains such weight differences.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep may be the reason behind the weight gain,Patel suggests. "It obviously also suggests that getting people to sleep more might he a relatively easy way to help people lose weight," he says,Questions:21. What did Patel’s study indicate?22. How many subjects did Patel have in his study?23. According to Patel’s study, which of the following is not tree?24. According to Patel, what might be the reasons behind the weight differences ?25. What suggestion would Patel give to those who want to lose weight?Passage TwoI am th e meanest mother in the neighborhood. I’m too strict. I ask too many questions. No one else’s parents are as different as I am, Don’t I know that all the cool kids are out until 2:00 or 3:00 in the morning and can go wherever they want? This is the point of view of my 16-year-old daughter. Although she is frequently annoyed when I try to gather what I consider basic information - about where she’s going, who’s driving, and what the plan is for getting home — I know she is also relieved that someone is watching out for her. Discipline— or, to use today’s more popular phrase, setting limits takes on a whole new meaning when your child hits adolescence. "When kids are young and do something unsafe, parents have no trouble saying no," says Daniel Kindlon, Ph. D. , assistant professor of child psychology at the Harvard School of Public Health, who has two daughters, 15 and 12. "You don’t care that your two-year-old cries if you don’t let him put the fork in the toaster. But saying yes to your teen can almost becom e a reflex, because you so desperately want to avoid conflict. " New research confirms what parents have known all along: Adolescents simply lack the ability to make smart decisions consistently. For example, peer relationships — which are so important to teenagers—can easily overwhelm the need to be safe. Scientists have discovered that this has to do with the way the human brain grows. During the teen years, the brain develops rapidly, but some areas mature much earlier than others. But you have to hold the line. Your teen is secretly counting on you to do so. And too much is at stake if you don’t.Questions:26. What would the speaker’s daughter least likely say about her mother?27. What does Daniel Kindlon do?28. According to Kindlon, how do p arents usually respond to their teen’s requests?29. Why are adolescents unable to make smart decisions consistently according to scientists?30. What would the speaker advice parents to do?。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救,其大意是:如果鸟类无法控制害虫,那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
(完整word版)年中山大学考博英语真题
2010年中山大考博英语真题Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked。
Write your choices on the Answer Sheet。
31. The secretary was harshly-—by her boss for misplacing some important files.A) rebuked B) teased C) washed D) accused32。
The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers' small airplane.A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality。
A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English.A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify35。
I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation.A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment36. I’ve had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem.A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling38。
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2010年中山大考博英语真题Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet.31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files.A) rebuked B)teased C) washed D) accused32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane.A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality.A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English.A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation.A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem.A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city.A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning.A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often,A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it.A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations.A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly.A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offencesA). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity.A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area.A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm47. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any timeA) in hand B) at hand C) on her hands D) at her hand48. Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable -`_ of patience; and understanding.A) means B) stocks C) provisions D) resources49. He still suffers from a rare t2-opical disease which he, while working to Africa.A) infected B) incurred C ) contracted D) infested50. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart diseases.A) ward off C) push off B) put off D) throw off51. There is no for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed.. A) alteration B) equivalent C) alternative D)substitute52. What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of roles.A) diverse B) versatile C) variable D) changeable53. With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon the older vessels in the race.A) overran B) exceeded C) outstripped D) caught up54. Research suggests that, heavy penalties do not act as a to potential criminals. .A) deterrent B) prevention C) safeguard D) distraction55. There has been so much media of the coming election that people have got bored with it.A) circulation B) concern C) broadcasting D) coverageA) applications B) connotations C) implications D) complications64. I thought 1 saw water in the distance but it must have been an opticalA) perception B) delusion C) illusion D) deception61. He was intensely_____ by the way the shop assistant spoke to him.A) intervened C) injected B) irritated D) insulated62. The people who were _ hurt in the accident were taken to the only hospital in the immediate_________A) vicinity B) mobility C) velocity D) integrity63. With all his experience abroad he was a major to the company.A) attendant B) asset C) attachment D) attribute64. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was pleasure to be working out of doors.A) mere B) sheer C) plain D) simple65. The peace of the public library was by the sound of a transistor radio.A) shuttered B) shattered C) smashed D) fractured66. It is doubtless that those who wish to succeed should beA) aggressive B) possessive C) cooperative D) conventional56. You've done more of the work than I have recently so I'll give up my day off' inA) offset B)redress C)herald D) compensatewith the usual formalities since we all know each other57. I think we can______with the usual formalities since we all know each other already.A) dispose B) dispatch C) dispense D) discharge58. He joined a computer dating scheme but so far it hasn't a suitable patter.A) come by B) some across C) come up with D) come round to59. Have you thought what the _ might be if you didn't win your case in court?67. The damp and cold weather had painfully the patient's rheumatism.A) activated B)aggregatedC) aggravated D) accelerated68.1 utterly your argument. In my opinion, you have distorted the facts.A) dispute B) refute C) confound D) decline69.1 think you will find that the inconvenience of the diet is by the benefits.A) out looked B) outranked C) outfought D) outweighed70. A good friend is one who will you when you arc in trouble.A) stand for B) stand by C) stand up to D) stand overPart III. Reading Comprehension (30 paints)DirectionsThere are 6 passages in this pail. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each question or unfinished statement is given four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSome of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found near Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently, been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones.The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as 'boars'and 'carbonado' arc clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle lice those you sec on a ring--they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the Middle Ages it became 1Lidcspread iii north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name 'boast' is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels, that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called `industrial' diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds--though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they arc cut and polished. Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge.A fully cut 'brilliant' diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones arc fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colour, or `water' as it is called. The usual colours of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue- Surrounding rocks and take on their color. thus black ,red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds Is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists' drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it--in your wristwatch!71. 'Carbonado' is the name given toA) only the very best diamonds B) lumps of pure carbonC) Spanish diamonds D) diamonds made up of many small crystals72. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude untilA) the fourteenth century B) the fifteenth centuryC) the sixteenth century D) the seventeenth century73. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holdersA) to facilitate accurate cutting B) to make them shine more brilliantlyC) so that they can revolve more easily D) as a steel holder might damage the diamond74. The value order of `water' in diamond, _A) is more important than their colour B) ranges from blue-white upwardsC) ranges from blue-white downwards D) has never been reliably established75. Industrial diamonds are usedA) for a wide range of purposes B) mainly for dentists' drillsC) for decoration in rings and watches D) principally in mass-produced jewelleryPassage TwoJust about everyone knows the meaning of `value" though you'd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It worked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers work up. Now, to the extent that they're buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the money--not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up wit something new: "value marketing".A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphos into buzzwords--and value is no exception. We're not taping about ads that merely boast of a product's value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with adds, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself:In value marketing, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value t( the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club: that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer. through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly.These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tncar added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices, Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced =Nice, and added features--are just %fiat U_S_ business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. That's why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business.76. Consumers have waken up because ofA) the poor products they bought B) the high price they paid for what they boughtC) the difficult economic times D) a horrible dream77. Many consumers are choosing the commoditiesA) that are precious B) that are warrantedC) that can show their status D) that deliver the most for the money78. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the productsA) that were most expensive B) that were up-to-dateC) that could show their status D) that were in fashion79. Communications with customers malj be improvedA) through annual customers congress B) through ton free 800 numbersC)through membership clubs D) through frequent education80. A value marketing program may not includeA)daily visits to customers B)longer warrantiesC)membership clubs D)environmentally friendly packagesPassage ThreeGreat emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreller; the craft must be learned.There are two generally recognised apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoons, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-rate quarrelling.The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, arc not about an)1hing, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity. I fence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, probably no less quarrelsome by inclination than anyone else, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of roiling this old acquaintance a lying fraud. Too late! With a cheerful wave the old acquaintance has left the room.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enrol in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a licence for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that, some of our most tenacious black belt quarrellers have come to it late in fife and mastered every throw, from the Crushing Silence to the Gloating Apology, in less than ten years of marriage.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types Kith time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honour ate the crucial issues, which is why quarrelling… like jealousy, is an all-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreller's very self-hood is on the fine. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel ... rather bite offyour tongue and spread it at your opponent's feet.81. Unschooled quarrellers are said to be at a disadvantage becauseA) their insults fail to offend their opponent B) they reveal their nervousness to their opponentC) they suffer from remorse for what they've said D) they are apprehensive about speaking their minds82. According to the writer, quarrels between married couples may be_-__- A) physically violent B) extremely IYitterC) essentially trivial D) sincerely regretted83.when quarrelling both children and married couples may, according to the writerA) be particularly brutal B) use politeness as a weaponC) employ skillful manoeuvres D) exaggerate their feelings84. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is said to be thatA) the former involves individual egos B) the former concerns strong points of viewC) the latter has well-established miles D) the latter concerns trivial issues85. In the passage as a whole, the writer treats quarrelling as if it wereA) a military campaign B) a social skillC) a moral evil D) a natural giltPassage Four`I just couldn't do it. I don't know what it is. It's not embarrassment. No that's not it. You see, you're putting your head in a noose; that's what it seems to me.' Derek am armed robber with a long record of bank jobs, was talking about hoisting (shop-lifting). `No I just couldn't do it. I mean just going in there.' He paused to try to fund a more exact way of fixing; his antipathy. `I tell you what. It's too blatant for my liking.'It seemed a fanny way to put it. Pushing a couple of ties in your pocket at a shop was hardly the last word in extroversion, and even a bit on the discreet side when compared to all that firing of shotguns and vaulting over counters which made up the typical bank raid.But my ideas of shop-lifting were still bound up with teenage memories of nicking packets of chewing gum from the local newsagents. A lot of guilt and not much loot_ After a few conversations with professional holsters, I realised that `blatant' was just about right.Nobody took a couple of ties they took the whole rack. The fast member of the gang would walk in nice and purposefully. Their job was to set up the goods: perhaps put an elastic bawd round the ends of a few dozen silk scarves; move the valuable pieces of jewellery nearer the edge of the counter; slide the ties on the rack into a compact bunch. Then, wine somebody else diverts the assistant or provides some fort of masking, the third member lifts the lotIf the walk to the door is a little long, then there mm be someone else to take over for the last stretch. No one is in possession for more than a few seconds, and there's always a couple of spare bodies to obstruct any one who seems to be getting too near the carrier.Store detectives who move forward with well-founded suspicions may still find themselves clutching empty air. Store detectives watch for three main give-sways: am- sort of loitering which looks different from the usual hanging around and dithering that characterises the real customer; any covert contact between individuals %N-ho %v shown no other sign of knowing each other, any over-friendliness towards sales staff which might be acting as a distraction. 'There's one other little angle', said one detective. 'l often pop round the back stairs; that's where you'll occasionally find one of them; trying to relax and get themselves in the right mood before starting the next job.'86. The bank robber wouldn't consider shop-lifting becauseA) it was beneath his dignity B) the penalties were too highC) it wasn't challenging enough D) the risks were too great87. The writer's experience led rum to think that most shop-liftersA) were I their teens B) stole modest amountsC) used violent methods D) stole for excitement88. The; role of the first member of the gang is toA) convince the staff he's a serious shopper B) remove die goods from the shelvesC) establish the easiest goods to steal D) smooth the. path for his accomplice .89. Professional shop-lifters avoid being caught in the act byA) passing goods from one to another B) hiding behind ordinary shoppersC) racing for the nearest exit D) concealing goods in ordinary bath90. Potential shop-lifters may be identified when the:.A) seem unable to decide what to buy B) openly signal to apparent strangersC) are unusually chatty to assistants D) set off towards emergency exitsPassage FivePerhaps there are far more wives than I imagine who take it for granted that housework ii neither satisfying nor even important once the basic demands of hygiene and feeding have been met. But home and family is the one realm in which it is really difficult to shale free: of one's upbringing and create new values. My parents' house was impeccably kept; cleanliness was a moral and social virtue, and personal untidiness, visibly old clothes, or long male hair provoked biting jocularity. If that had been all, maybe I could have adapted myself to housework on an easy-going, utilitarian basis, refusing the moral overtones but shill believing in it as something constructive because it is part of creating a home. But at the same time my mother usedto recant doing it, called it drudgery, and convinced me that it wasn't a fit activity for an intelligent being. I was an only child, and once I was at school there was no reason why she should have continued against her will to remain housebound, unless, as I suspect, my father would not hear of her having a job of her own.I can now begin to understand why a woman in a small suburban house, with no infants to look after, who does not enjoy reading because she has not had much of an education, and who is intelligent enough to find neighbourly chit-chat boring, should carry the pursuit of microscopic specks of dust to the point of fanaticism in an attempt to fill hours and salvage her self-respect. My parents had not even the status-seeking impetus to send me to university that Joe's had; my mother wanted me to be `a nice quiet person who wouldn't be noticed in a crowd', and it was feared that university education results in ingratitude (independence)..It is constantly niggling not only to be doing jobs that require so little; valuable effort, but also jobs which are mainly concerned with simply keeping level with natural processes--cleaning jobs, whether of objects or people. which once done are not done for good, and will have to be done all over again, just as if I have not alreadv made the effort; the next day, or even within a few hours. There is something so negative about this role that society heaps entirely un to the shoulders of women. flat of making sure that things do not get dirty, and people do not get unhealthy. I want to believe in health as something basic, neutral, to assume that all the essentials are cared for, or at least will not magnify themselves into a full-time occupation.Can you imagine what would happen to a man who was suddenly uprooted from a job in which he placed the meaning of his life, and delegated to a mindless task, in performing which he was also cut off fairly completely from the people who shared his interests'? I think more of the men I know would disintegrate completely.9l . 'The writer attributes her attitude towards housework toA) her rejection of her parents' old-fashioned standards B) her determination to avoid her mother's mistakesC) her inherited feelings of duty and resentment D) her spoil upbringing as an only child92. The writer's parents reacted to a slovenly appearance by .._.._._.A) criticising the offender bitterly B) stressing the social importance of cleanlinessC) making sarcastic comments about the matter D) expressing a sense: of moral indignation93. It scems to the wrik r that some suburban houscwivcs mayA) engage in tedious gossip merely to pass file time B) allow routine tasks to become cut obsessionC) come to regret their lack of a proper education D) come to find housework a fulfilling occupation94. Her parents didn't encourage her to go to unnrisity because they thoughtA) she wouldn't appreciate the sacrifice it would invohr B) she might feel intellectually superior to themC) higher education wasn't suitable for a housewife D) it might change her relationship with them95. She objects to her role because it is soA) undemanding B) unimportantC) unpleasant D) unproductivePassage: SixHow many hypochondriacs are there? Can anybody- in the great social science industry tell me? Even to the nearest ten thousand?I doubt it, and I think I know why. The trouble about being a hypochondriac (and I speak from a lifetime of practice) is that you feel silly-.qty rational mind tells me that, just because the cut on my forger has been throbbing for two days, I am unlikely to die of gangrene; but in a hypochondrraacl mood I can sec the gangrene creeping up my arm as my finger turns black. My hypochondria is fed, in constant doses, by half the scientific knowledge I need, and twice the imagination. I know enough anatomy to identity the twitch in my chest as the first spasm of coronary llirombosis(ie-ilkO U.K tylrr'' Ti~), and to point to my duodenum (+-4V_*) with the authority of a second-year medical student.Of course, like many hypochondriacs. I er~joy (not exactly the word) sound health. My fat mc&al file contanu very Wile of substance. though there is a fine selection of nrgatirv barium meal tests. In fact, the only Spell I cvrr had in hospital took place when I actually- had something. 1Lhat I thought was a cold turned out to be pneumonia. So much for my diagnostic accuracy.Ilypochondria lies between the rational self which says, `Nonsense, you're fine,' and the deeply pessimistic self, which fingers a swelling discovered under the jaw as you shave and converts it into the first lump of a fatal cancer of the lymph gland.'llicse feelings are embarrassing enough but they are made worse by the brisk treatment I get from the many overt anti-hypochondriacs about: people like wives or editors, who say, `Get up! There's nothing wrong with you', or `Never seen you looking better, old boy', when the first stages of a brain tumour have begun to paralyse my left aim.Such persons know nothing. They are capable of astonishing, acts of self fiargetfulncm. They walk about with lips so chapped that a penny could fit in the cracks. 'Ilicy go so far as to forget to take medicine prescribed for them. For these creatures of the light, die world is a simple place. You are either well or sick and that's that, categories, which admit of no confusion. 'if you are ill,' anti-hypochondriacs say, `you ought to go to bed and stop moping.' They remind me of the story told of the economist, Keynes, a'ld his Russian ballerina wife, staring silently into the fire. Keynes asked, `What are you thinking, my dear?' She replied, `Nothing.' And he said, I wish I could do that.'There is not much comfort to be had from other hypochondriacs, either. I had lunch once with a distinguished writer whom I very much wanted to impress. H greeted me with the words, `Please excuse the condition of my nose.' During the next few minutes, fascinated but trying not to be caught staring, I established two things: fast, that he had a small inflammation by his right nostril, and second, that he was a fellow hypochondriac. The combination meant that I could have been three other people for all he cared. As we parted, he again apologized about his nose. I was furious.96. The author suggests that the exact number of hypochondriacs is not known because hypochondriacsa) Are not taken seriously by social scientists B) feet too embarrassed about their fears to admit themC) Don’t take their fears seriously enough to discuss them D) are aware that they represent a tiny minority97. The author describes how his own hypochondria can be set off byA) Reading articles in medical journals B) noticing unusual physical sensationsC) Studying his personal medical files D) asking for advice from student doctors98. The author's medical history suggests thatA) He has never had any serious illnesses B) his diagnoses have sometimes proved correctC) He has had very few medical examinations D) most of his fears have proved groundless99. Anti-hypochondriacs are described as people whoA) Pay no attention to minor ailments B) don't accept that people get illC) Have little faith in the medical profession D) smile cheerfully however ill they are100. The author recognized a fellow-hypochondriac by the I'M thata) The conversation centered around the writer's health B) the writer was so sympathetic towards himC) A minor complaint so concerned the writer D) the writer seemed to want attention from more peoplePart II. Writing (25 points)In this part, you are required to write a composition of at last 300 words on the topic:"The Relationship That Exists Between Humans and Nature." Remember you shouldWrite your composition on the Answer Sheet.。