Evolution RC_low
EPSON RC+ 7.0 选件 Force Guide 7.0 SPEL+ Language Re
EPSON RC+ 7.0选件Force Guide 7.0 SPEL+ Language Reference Rev.5EPSON RC+ 7.0选件Force Guide 7.0SPEL+ Language ReferenceRev.5Copyright © 2015-2018 SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION. All rights reserved.Force Guide 7.0 SPEL+ Language Reference Rev.5 i前言感谢您购买本公司的机器人系统。
本手册记载了正确使用Force Guide 7.0所需的事项。
使用该软件时请仔细阅读本手册与其他相关手册。
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枪骑兵进化论——三菱Lancer Evolution
维普资讯
三 菱 Ｌ ｎ ｅ ｖ ｌｔ ｎ Ｉ ａ ｃ ｒ ｏｕ ｉ Ｒ０ＡＤ ＳＴ Ｅ ｏ ＴＥ
Ｅ ｏｌ ｔ，ｎ ｖ ｉ ｕ ｏ
无需改装即可参赛的 Ｗ Ｒ Ｃ冠军车型三菱 Ｅ ０ Ｉ Ｖ Ｘ将于 ２０ ０ ６年 １ Ｏ月进入国内 ， 请崇尚性能的车迷耐心等待。
撰文 ／ 魏 涛 图片 ／ 魏 涛 三 羹
Ｌ
三代
Ｌ ｎ ｅｒ— Ｌ ｎ ｅｒＦｏｒ ａ ｃ ａ ｃ ｉ ｅ。
在 日本 称 为 Ｍｉ ｇ 。 完 成 了 ｒ ｅ在 ａ Ｌ ｎ ｅ ａ ｃ ｒ及 Ｍｉ ｇ 的 交 接 期 ｒ ｅ ａ
后 ． ９ ３ 年 正 式 推 出 了 第 四 代 １８ ａ ｃ ｒ这 ＣＵ 的 赛 事 前 列 名 次 中 总 能 看 到 它 Ｌ ｎ ｅ ． 代 开 始 采 用 Ｅ 的身 影。 它 和斯 巴鲁翼 豹 被并 控 制 发 动 机 。 ８ １ ６年 推 出 四 ９ 称 为低 价 高 性 能 车 的 代 表 。 国 驱 型 号 。 受 欢 迎 。 第 五 代 的 甚 ａｎ ｅ ９８ 内 所 生 产 的 东 南 菱 帅 是 台 湾 Ｌ ｃ ｒ于 １ ８ 年 诞 生 ，这 代 分 四 门 及 四 门 舱 背 两 种 。 第 一 款 车 型 ． Ｅ Ｏ 恰 好 也 是 在 代 的 ＧＴｉ 系 便 是 由 此 代 诞 而 Ｖ 车 生 。 到 了 １ ９ 年 。 ａ ｃ ｒ正 ９ １ Ｌ ｎｅ ＧＴ 车 诞 生 的。 由 于 一 直 没 有 引 进 式进 入 第 六 代 。 同 时 ． ｉ
系 亦进 入 第 二代 。 动 机 由原 发 帅 改 装 成 Ｅ Ｏ 的 样 子 。 这 先 编 号 ４Ｇ３ 的 发 动 机 转 为 Ｖ 但 ７
只 能 是 外 形 上 的 变 化 。 能 相 更 先 进 可 靠 的 编 号 ４ ３ 发 性 Ｇ９ 动 机 。 １９ 年 ，厂 方 为 使 三 ９２ 两 个 月 ． 国 内 就 可 以 买 到 正 菱 于 世 界 越 野 锦 标 赛 上 争 取 在 更佳 成 绩 ． 定 以 Ｌ ｎ ｅ 决 ａ ｃ ｒ代 替 Ｇａａ ｔ Ｒ 出 战 各 大 越 野 ｌｎ ４ Ｖ 赛。 因此 特 别 推 出 了 Ｌ ｎ ｅ ａ ｃ ｒ
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标
高速离心机是一种用于分离液体混合物中的固体和液体成分的设备。
Evolution RC高速离心机一般具有以下技术指标：
1. 最大转速：Evolution RC高速离心机通常可以达到很高的转速，一般在10,000到30,000转/分钟之间。
高速转动能够有效
地分离混合物中的固体和液体成分。
2. 最大离心力：离心机的离心力是以重力为单位的力，它可以用来计算离心机对样品的分离能力。
Evolution RC高速离心机
通常具有较高的离心力，可以达到数万到十多万倍重力。
3. 容量：离心机的容量指的是离心离心杯或离心管内可放置液体的最大体积。
Evolution RC高速离心机的容量可以根据型号
而不同，一般可以容纳几毫升到几升的样品。
4. 温度控制：一些Evolution RC高速离心机具有温度控制功能，可以在离心过程中控制样品的温度，以适应特定的实验需求。
5. 安全性：高速离心机转速较高，安全性也是一个重要考虑因素。
Evolution RC高速离心机通常配备有安全锁定装置、过速
和不平衡保护等安全功能，以降低操作风险。
需要注意的是，具体的技术指标可能会因为不同的型号和厂家而有所差异，建议根据实际需求选择适合的型号和规格的离心机。
FOX FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 后置摇动杆靠拢摇动器用户指南说明书
2.5 PODIUM-X AFTERMARKET SHOCK OWNER’S MANUALFLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 FACTORY SERIESOWNER’S MANUALCONTENTSCONGRATULATIONS (3)CONSUMER SAFTEY (3)UNDERSTAND THE FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 (4)FOX PUMP (5)AVAILABLE OPTIONS (5)ADJUSTABLE PROGRESSIVE DUAL STAGE AIR SPRING (6)REFERENCE AIR PRESSURE (7)TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY (7)INSTALLING YOUR SHOCKS (8)SETTING UP THE FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 (9)MEASURING AND SETTING RIDER SAG (11)TUNING THE FLOAT 3 RC2 (13)REBOUND ADJUST (13)DUAL SPEED COMPRESSION (DSC) ADJUST (14)TUNING NOTES (15)MAINTENANCE (16)REBUILD / SERVICE INTERVALS (16)WARRANTY (16)SERVICE (16)Reference print standards 604-00-300 revCONGRATULATIONSThank you for choosing FOX FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shock absorbers for your ATV. In doing so webelieve you have chosen the finest suspension products in the world.FOX shocks have been designed, tested and assembled in the United States for more than 35 years.As a consumer and supporter of FOX products, you need to be aware of the importance of setting up your shocks correctly to ensure maximum performance. This manual provides step-by-step instructions on how to set-up and maintain your shocks. It is a good idea to keep your proof of purchase with this manual and refer to it for service and warranty issues.This manual does not contain step-by-step shock rebuild instructions. FOX recommends that this only be carried out by an authorized FOX service center.CONSUMER S AFETYWARNING: Driving a ATV can be dangerous and can result in death or serious injury.Take your responsibility for yourself and others seriously, and heed the following safety tips:- Keep your vehicle and its suspension systems in optimal working condition.- Always wear protective clothing, eye protection and a helmet.- Know your limits and drive within them!The Fox FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shock contains a high pressure nitrogen charge. The shock should onlybe opened by an authorized FOX technician.WARNING: Opening a nitrogen pressurized shock can be dangerous and can result in serious injury or death. NEVER attempt to disassemble the damper of your FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shock. Do not puncture or incinerate the shock absorber or damper portion. Always wear eye protection when installing or adjusting your shock absorber.UNDERSTANDING THE FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2FOX FLOAT (FOX Load Optimizing Air Technology) 3 EVOL SERIES air shocks arehigh-performance shock absorbers that use air as springs, instead of heavy steel coilsprings or expensive titanium coil springs. Underneath that air sleeve is a high-performance, velocity-sensitive, shimmed damping system. FLOAT 3 EVOL SERIES airshock dampers contain high pressure nitrogen gas and FOX high viscosity index shockoil separated by an Internal Floating Piston system. This helps to ensure consistent, fade-free damping in most riding conditionsFLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shocks are built using 6061-T6 aluminum for light weight and strength. The chromed damper shaft is super-finished for low friction and long seal life. All of the seals and wipers are engineered specifically for FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2. The Air Sleeve and Reservoir are Genuine Kashima coated for reduced friction and long seal life. The damper shaft and seals arecontained within the air sleeve, protecting them from debris, dirt and water.DUAL SPEEDCOMPRESION ADJUSTERINTERNALFLOATING PISTONNITROGEN CHAMBER AIR SLEEVEMAINAIR CHAMBER RESERVOIRREBOUND ADJUSTER NEGATIVESPRING MAINAIR SEALMAIN AIR SPRINGFILLER VALVEEVOL INTERNAL FLOATINGPISTONEVOLAIR CHAMBER RESERVOIR DAMPING PISTON & VALVING EVOLAIRSPRINGFILLER VALVE OILBODY NITROGEN FILLER VALVE (DO NOT REMOVE)OILFOX PUMPYour FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shock absorbers are shipped with a FOX dual scale air pump, shown below.0-300psi Dual Scale Pump P/N 027-00-008AVAILABLE OPTIONS0-300psi Digital Pump P/N 027-00-010ADJUSTABLE PROGRESSIVE DUAL-STAGE AIR SPRINGAir springs are not just lightweight they are also progressive. What does that mean? As the graph below shows, during the second half of shock travel, the spring force builds rapidly. This virtually eliminates any harsh bottoming of the suspension and provides a “bottomless” feel.With just one pump you can make quick, easy changes to your setup to fine tune your shock’s spring curve. Using air, there is an infinite number of spring rates available.As you can see, by changing the pressures in the MAIN air chamber and the EVOL air chamber, you can get much softer or much firmer than a coil-over shock without ever having to change out a spring.Your FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shocks come in the box ready-to-ride, but we encourage you to follow the procedures outlined in this manual to optimize their performance.The air pressure in the EVOL air chamber is adjusted to control the vehicle corner roll and bottom-out characteristics in the last 1/3 of shock travel; the pressure in the MAIN air chamber is adjusted to change ride height and the suspension stiffness of the ATV.Reference Air PressuresRider Weight EVOL Air Chamber Main Air Chamber100-140LB 100-195PSI 25-45PSI141-199LB 110-210PSI 25-50PSI200-250LB 120-225PSI 30-55PSICALL 1.800.FOX.SHOX to get air pressure settings for your application and weight.The effects of changing the EVOL air chamber pressure and MAIN air chamber pressure are shown in the graphs below:TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCYThe air pressures in the FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 air shocks are slightly temperature dependent with roughly a 10psi air pressure change over a 100-degree temperature change. Because of this, it is best to set the air pressure in temperature conditions close to ambient temperature anticipated during riding. When temperatures change by more than 30 degrees Fahrenheit—or 17 degrees Celsius—it is recommended that the pressure settings be reset.For example, if the temperature outside is 40°F (4°C) and the pressures are set while the ATV is in a garage in which the ambient temperature is 70°F (21°C), the shocks will be under-pressurized when taken outside due to the cold air temperature. Therefore, it is imperative that the pressures are re-adjusted when the ATV/shocks are taken from extreme warm to cold temperatures and vice-versa. Once the pressures are set for a given temperature, they will remain stable throughout the ride.INSTALLING YOUR SHOCKSYour shock absorber should come supplied with the correct o-rings and reducers set to mount the shock correctly to your vehicle.WARNING: Contact FOX if these reducers do not fit correctly. Correct shock mounting is critical for correct operation and for your safety.WARNING: DO NOT REMOVE RESERVOIR NITROGEN FILLER CAP OR ATTEMPT TO CHANGE NITROGEN PRESSURE. DAMAGE TO SHOCK ABSORBER CAN OCCUR .FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shock absorbers are equipped with rebound adjust and compression adjust low speed and high speed,both rebound and compression settings are preset in the middle of the adjustment range.But it is recommended that you check the settings by counting the number of clicks in clockwise until adjuster stops. Back the adjuster out the same number of clicks you turned the adjuster in. Note these settings in TUNING NOTES Section.STEP 1 Install shock absorbers as per above photo with DSC mounted to the top with the DSC onoutboard side of ATV.Torque the original hardware to manufacturer’s specifications. FOX FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 air chambers do come pre-pressurized, but it is recommended that you check air pressures and perform the initial setup procedures before riding.DO NOT REMOVE NITROGEN FILL VALVEREBOUNDADJUSTERDSCSETTING UP THE FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2STEP 1 Ensure that your ATV is safely supported on a stand with the front wheels off the ground and the suspension fully extended.NOTE: ALWAYS SET EVOL CHAMBER AIR PRESSURE BEFORE SETTING MAIN CHAMBER AIR PRESSURESTEP 2 Thread the pump onto the EVOL air filler valve until it is fully seated and air pressure registers on the pumps high pressure scale.NOTE: WHEN YOU ATTACH THE PUMP, THE HOSE AND GAUGE WILL FILL WITH AIR FROM THE AIR CHAMBER RESULTING IN A LOWER AIR PRESSURE READING THAN THE SHOCK WAS ORIGINALLY SET AT. THIS IS NORMAL.STEP 3 Pump the shock up to the desired air pressure setting.You can decrease air pressure by pushing the BLACK-BLEED valve on pump.(WARNING: DO NOT EXCEED 300PSI IN THE EVOL CHAMBER)Pushing the bleed valve halfway down and holding it there will allow air to escapecontinuously from the pump and shock. Pushing the bleed valve all the way down andreleasing it will allow only a small amount of pressure to escape (micro-adjust). Whenunthreading the pump from the air filler valve, the sound of air loss is from the pumphose only and not the shock. Your shock pressure will not change.STEP 4 Thread the pump onto the MAIN air filler valve until it is fully seated and air pressureregisters on the pumps low pressure scale.STEP 5 Pump the shock up to the desired air pressure setting. You can decrease airpressure by pushing the BLACK-BLEED valve on pump.(WARNING: DO NOT EXCEED 150PSI IN THE MAIN CHAMBER)STEP 6 Position floor jack under vehicle so that when the vehicle is raised both front andrear wheels come off the ground at the same time. Raise vehicle until both wheels would be able to rotated with a little drag.Full Extension – Ride Height = SAGSTEP 7 Lower the ATV to the ground. Measure and set rider sag as described in nextsection.Full extension measuring point.MEASURING AND SETTING RIDER SAGTo get the best performance out of your FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2, it is necessary to adjust the vehicle ride-height or “sag”. Sag is how much the shocks compress — or sag — when you sit on your ATV . As a general rule, your vehicle’s sag should be 35%–45% of full wheel travel. There are many factors that will influence your sag setting and ride height preference, including tire diameter, terrain and riding style. Use the following procedure to accurately measure and setthe correct ride-height (sag) for your ATV . (Measuring assistance will be required)STEP 1 Position the bike on a flat surface and clear of any obstacles.STEP 2 Place pieces of cardboard under each wheel. As the suspension is compressed, the front wheels move outward. This is called “scrub.” Placing the cardboard under the wheelsallows the suspension to move more freely.STEP 3 While wearing your normal riding gear, mount the ATV and stand in your normal riding position with both hands on the bars.STEP 4 Aggressively bounce up and down on the quad several times and allow the quad to settle.STEP 5 Have the assistant push down on the front end of the ATV. While the suspension is compressed turn the handle bars full left and full right then straighten handle bars andrelease the front suspension. Bounce a couple more times.STEP 6 Gently assume your seated riding position.STEP 7 While still seated on the ATV, have the assistant measure the vertical distance from theground to the bottom of the frame, under the front motor mount (front frame height).Then measure the vertical distance from the ground to the bottom of the frame just ahead of the rear foot peg (rear frame height).STEP 8 I f your ATV is sitting too low in the front, increase the MAIN air chamber pressure in theFLOAT 3 EVOL RC2. The following the procedures outlined previously and repeat all the steps above until you reach the desired ride height setting.Measure from the ground to the bottom of the frame just below front motor mount. Measure from the ground to the bottom of the frame just ahead of the rear foot peg.TUNING THE FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2SPRING FORCEAt this point you have set the sag of your vehicle by adjusting the air chamber pressure. Your spring force should be near its optimal setting. If you feel that the front of the vehicle is too low as you are riding, increase the air chamber pressure by 5psi. If the vehicle is too high, decrease the air chamber pressure by 5psi.If you feel that you are passing through your available travel too quickly on big bumps or have too much roll in corners, try increasing the EVOL air chamber pressure by 10 PSI. If you feel that you are not fully utilizing your available travel, try decreasing the EVOL air chamber pressure by 10 PSI.Step 1 Lift the vehicle’s front end off the ground.Step 2 Release the air pressure from the MAIN air chamber.Step 3 Re-set the EVOL air chamber pressure. (Do not exceed 300 psi) Step 4 Re-set the MAIN air chamber pressure. (Do not exceed 150 psi) Step 5 Reinstall air spring filler caps.REBOUND ADJUSTThe Rebound Adjust feature on your FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shocks gives you the ability to externally adjust the shock rebound damping. Adjustments are made by turning Rebound Adjuster using a Quarter or a small flat-bladed screwdriver to turn adjuster on the Air Sleeve Body Cap located on the end of the shock absorber.For slower rebound, turn the knob/screw clockwise. The rebound adjuster has about 20 clicks of adjustment. The factory setting is 12 clicks out. The performance of the shock at this setting is close to the performance of the non-adjustable shock and is a good all-around setting.The rebound damping affects how quickly the shock extends (rebounds). This adjustment affects how quickly the wheel will rebound when travelling through a series of large bumps and how quickly the front end responds in the corner. The optimum rebound setting is usually found with the minimum damping required to give acceptable control. Excessive rebound damping will typically be felt as the suspension "packing." This can often be seen or felt as the vehicle travels through a series of similar-sized, successive bumps. It works well for the first two or three bumps and then bottoms hard on the third or fourth. This is because the shock has not rebounded quickly enough, and the shock "packs" into compressionRebound AdjusterDUAL-SPEED COMPRESSION (DSC) ADJUSTThe FOX DSC valve is standard on FLOAT 3 EVOL RC2 shocks and gives you the ability to externally adjust the damping. The DSC has about 24 clicks of low-speed adjustment and about 22 clicks of high-speed adjustment. The factory setting is 12 /12. The performance of the shock at this setting is close to the performance of the non-adjustable shock and is a good all-around setting. The DSC valve gives the driver the ability to tune the shock for different terrain /personal preference on either side of this setting (softer or stiffer).LOW-SPEED COMPRESSION (LSC) ADJUSTLSC (LOW-SPEED COMPRESSION) ADJUSTMENTThe LSC is adjusted using a dime or flat-blade screwdriver in the middle of the adjuster. More damping =stiffer =clockwiseLSC primarily affects the compression damping during slow suspension movements such as G-outs or smooth jump landings. It also affects ride comfort of the vehicle.Choose a LSC setting that gives good body control anti-roll in corners, without causing excessive harshness or loss of front end traction. The graph above shows the typical range of adjustability for the LSC adjuster from full-firm to full-soft with the HSC adjuster held constant at 10 clicks out.HSC (HIGH-SPEED COMPRESSION) ADJUSTMENT The HSC is adjusted using a 17 mm socket More damping = stiffer = clockwiseThe HSC adjuster affects the compression damping during medium-to-fast suspension movements such as steep jump faces, harsh flat landings and aggressive whoops. The goal is to run as little high-speed compression damping as possible without bottoming. The graph above shows the typical range of adjustability for the HSC adjuster from full-firm to full-soft with the LSC adjuster held constant at 10 clicks:LSC AdjusterHSC AdjusterTUNING NOTESSAG ÷ Full Extension = SAG%DATE COMMENTSFULL R IDEEXTENSION -‐-‐-‐ H EIGHT= === S AGEVOLAIRPSIMAINAIRPSILSCADJHSCADJREBADJMAINTENANCEPROPER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAIN THE PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF YOUR SHOCK ABSORBERS.You should keep the shock clean and free of debris, dirt and water.It is important to keep the shock absorbers clean and free of residue. The Samurai Sealing System in the air sleeve will clean deposits from the shock body and reduce the amount of debris entering the air sleeve. This will add to main air sleeve seal life. When cleaning the vehicle avoid using a high-pressure washer near the seals as this could drive debris inside the shock air sleeve.Ideally the shocks should be clean around the adjusters when changing the damping setting.A small blast of contact cleaner or brake cleaner before making adjustments will keep these parts clean and operating smoothly for years.REBUILD / SERVICE INTERVALSJust like the oil in your car engine, the oil in your shock absorber breaks down over time and must be replaced. The service interval depends on how frequently and severely the vehicle is driven. For optimum performance racing applications the shocks may require rebuilding every 10-20 hours of use. Air sleeves should be service at a minimum of once per year. In non-racing environments to keep your shocks performing at optimum performance we recommend at least every 100-200 hrs. of use.WARNING: Shock rebuilds take specialist knowledge and tools. It is essential that this is performed by an authorized FOX technician or service center.WARRANTYAll FOX products have a one-year warranty on defects in materials or workmanship. Please view thefull warranty terms and conditions at /ps-warranty or contact a representative at1.800.FOX.SHOX (1.800.369.7469).SERVICEContact FOX Service Center at 1.83*********************************************return authorization number before shipping shocks to one of the following service centers:FOX Powersports Service FOX Midwest Service Center130 Hangar Way 13461 Dogwood DriveWatsonville, CA 95076 Baxter, MN 56425。
Honeywell C300控制器用户指南说明书
Process SolutionsHoneywell’s C300 controller provides powerful and robust control for the PlantCruise by Experion® platform. With the C300 and the Control Execution Environment,customers can improve engineering productivity and maintenance, maximize process uptime, and reduce production costs.At the core of the C300 in PlantCruiseis Honeywell’s field-proven deterministic Control Execution Environment (CEE) core software. The CEE provides a superior control execution and scheduling environment. Control strategies are configured and loaded through Control Builder, an easy to use and intuitive engineering tool.The C300 controller hardware offers unique space saving, installation, and maintenance benefits consistent with its innovative Series 8 form factor.The C300 is optionally redundant, requiring no additional hardware other than an identical second hardware module.The ‘designed-vertical’ C300 controller provides a superior control execution and scheduling environment.With the C300 controller, customers can:• Improve engineering productivity with a rich set of function libraries and a seamless and intuitive user environment, • Maximize process uptime and minimize maintenance effort with robust diagnostics and full hardware redundancy, and, • Reduce production costs with flexible and efficient control strategies, on-process migration, and efficient hardware processing power.Easy Control Strategy Creation through Rich Function LibrariesThe Control Execution Environment function blockssupport:• Continuous Control • Logic Based Control • Sequential Control • Model Based ControlEach function block contains a rich set of predefined features, such as alarm limits and priorities, various control algorithms, and maintenance statistics, all of which are configurable parameters. Function blocks are linked together in Control Modules to perform specific control tasks, which provide a foundation for efficient control engineering.Embedded functionality guarantees consistent control strategyexecution and delivers consistent alarming and operations behavior. This consistency reduces operator errors and saves implementation time by eliminating the need to develop low-level basic functions.The CEE fully supports the ISA S88.01 batch standard and integrates sequences with devices. The devices will track the state of the sequences and perform pre-configured actions based on those sequences. This reduces the implementation and complexity of handling abnormal situations. The SCMs support abnormal handling, recipe parameters, and on-line monitoring of the execution through chart visualization.One Seamless Environment through Easy Data CommunicationParameters provide access to every imaginable piece of information in the controller. This data can be used throughout the Experion system, whether for other control strategies or for operator purposes. For example, in custom displays, parameters such as setpoints or outputs can be historized and used in trend views. The engineer does not need to know where the information resides. Instead, he can just reference it, and the system manages the underlying logistics of that information. The system will notify the user based on the status information associated with the value and take appropriate action when required.Each parameter is also protected from accidental changes through a security access level, and certain parameters can only be changed off-line. Communication is based on report- by-exception and publish-subscribe, making efficient use of communication bandwidth by accessing data only when needed and avoiding duplication.Consistent and Predictive Behavior Makes Engineering and Maintenance EasierThe C300 CEE supports an execution period per control strategy, ranging from 50 msec to 2000 msec. The user can make changes to existing or add new control strategies without interrupting other control strategies executed by the controller. The user has full control over the function block execution order within the control strategy and the execution order of multiple control strategies. Control strategies can be easily moved between control environments by using the convenient drag-and-drop feature within Control Builder. Easy and Intuitive Engineering EnvironmentControl Builder is the control engineering and maintenance tool for the Control Execution Environment, and improves the control engineer’s productivity by simplifying configuration with a graphical user interface and predefined function blocks ready for wiring into a specific control strategy. The control engineer can enable and change standard function block features without the need to build these from the ground up. The control strategy can be documented with embedded objects such as text, documents or web-links.Online Monitoring Is Available to the Engineer and OperatorOnce control strategies are created and loaded to the C300 controller, the engineer can monitor the strategy on-line using the same graphical interface. This is helpful for verifying a control strategy or for troubleshooting a process problem. The control or maintenance engineer can directly modify parameters from the engineering environment without needing an operator interface. Controller Based Model Predictive Tuning with ProfitLoopProfit Loop is Honeywell’s patented algorithm that provides a single input / single output model-predictive function block that is included in the standard C300 controller function block library. It has the operating simplicity and computational efficiency of a standard PID function block, yet provides tight, robust control, increasing process stability by up to 30 percent. Profit Loop creates a simple model of the process to predict the effect of control moves on the process (controlled) variable. Because Profit Loop can anticipate future process behavior, the controller knows exactly how much to move the process to meet the desired control objectives. Profit Loop incorporates the best elements of both traditional PID algorithms and the model-based control and optimization technologies of Profit Controller at the regulatory level.For More InformationTo learn more about how Honeywell’sPlantCruise by Experion C300 Controller can improve plant performance, visit our website or contact your Honeywell account manager. Honeywell Process Solutions Honeywell1250 West Sam Houston Parkway South Houston, TX 77042Honeywell House, Arlington Business Park Bracknell, Berkshire, England RG12 1EB Shanghai City Centre, 100 Junyi Road Shanghai, China 20051 Custom Algorithm Blocks Custom Algorithm Blocks (CABs) are similar in purpose and structure to native function blocks included with Control Builder. These blocks have predefined algorithms and data structures. By contrast, Custom Algorithm Blocks have user defined algorithms and data structures. CABs are developed using Visual Basic integrated into Control Builder.The C300 controller supports the execution of CABs in Experion LX. CABs can greatly reduce the effort required to create complex control strategies that require the robust control environment offered by the C300.Investment ProtectionHoneywell is committed to protecting customer investments by supporting and integrating previous control products. Consistent with this philosophy, the Control Execution Environment, which holds the user application, is platform- independent. This allows the user to make use of new, more powerful hardware platforms when they become available, while retaining the specific user application.PN-13-16-ENG February 2014© 2014 Honeywell International Inc.。
Creek EVOLUTION CD 播放器使用说明书
EVOLUTION CDDAC / CD PlayerInstruction ManualCongratulations on purchasing a Creek EVOLUTION 50 or 100 CD. Please read this man-ual thoroughly as it will explain in detail the features and operation of your EVOLUTION CD and help to ensure a trouble free installation. Unpack the player carefully, as it is recom-mended that you save the carton and packing material for future use, should you need to move home or return it for service etc.SAFETY INFORMATIONThe EVOLUTION 50CD and 100CD are designed to operate on either 220-240 Volts - 50 Hz AC, or 110-120 Volts - 60 Hz AC. The voltage selector switch is located on the bottom of the case; to select a different voltage range, use a small flat-blade screwdriver to push the switch from one position to the other. A mains fuse is fitted to a sliding tray inside the IEC socket. There is a spare one also fitted inside and they are designed to work in both voltage ranges. If the mains fuse fails and the spare fails also when fitted, it usually indicates a se-rious internal fault and the product should be returned to the dealer or a specialised service company for inspection and or repair. Do not attempt to effect repairs yourself.The product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable pro-tection against harmful interference in residential installations.TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE FROM YOUR EVOLUTION 50CD or 100CD: Install the equipment in a location which is relatively free of moisture and dust, and is well ventilated. The equipment may not be able to perform at its best in an extremely cold or hot environment. Do not attempt to use below 5 C / 41 F or above 35 C / 95 F.Always handle compact discs with clean hands. Avoid using scratched discs. Do not attempt to clean the CD player or discs with chemical solvents, as this may cause irreparable damage. Use a clean, dry cloth, or spe-cially designed cleaning materials for discs. If the CD player malfunctions, do not open the unit and attempt to repair it yourself. This is a highly technical product and requires specialist service – please return it to your dealer.Use two batteries (2 x AA) of the same type in the remote control handset. Do not use odd or different type cells as it may affect the performance.Keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.GETTING STARTEDThe EVOLUTION 50/100CD is not just a CD Player; it is a Digital to Analogue Converter and Pre-Amplifier, fitted with a Slot Drive CD transport as one of its digital sources. The DAC has 2x SPDIF and 2x TOSLINK digital inputs capable of reading digital signals up to 24 bit 192 kHz high-resolution.Connect your EVOLUTION 50/100CD to a suitable audio amplifier. Creek Audio recom-mends its EVOLUTION 50A or EVOLUTION 100A integrated amplifiers, or EVOLUTION 50P or EVOLUTION 100P power amps as a perfect cosmetic and performance match, but virtually any stereo integrated amplifier with a line-level input should be OK. If you enable the EVOLUTION 50A’s digital volume control, it is also possible to use it with a power amp like the EVOLUTION 50P or 100P. Alternatively, use the integrated amp like a power amp by configuring your EVOLUTION50/100A for AV Direct mode on Line 3 or 4. This will bypass the volume control for those inputs only.Connect the mains supply using the 3-core mains cord supplied. Push the 3 pin IEC plug into the socket on the rear panel and plug the other end into a suitable wall socket. Ask your dealer for advice if in doubt.Use a pair of good-quality stereo interconnects to join the analogue output of the DAC/CD Player to the input of your amplifier. There are both un-balanced and balanced outputs avail-able. Although it is possible to use both outputs simultaneously we do not recommend it, as it can unbalance the signal and reduce the performance.Note: Balanced outputs can be connected directly to an EVOLUTION 50A or 100A series amplifiers. If the distance between them is greater than 5 metres (26.4 feet), it may provide better sound quality. Balanced audio, using XLRs is a professional standard and designed to reject unwanted noise or hum over long cable lengths. For shorter cable runs it may not improve the sound of your system, because of the additional circuitry required, so please experiment to see what works best for you. Just as with un-balanced interconnects, cable quality can affect the sound quality. Creek follows the EAS48-2005 standard for balanced connections. Ask your dealer for advice if you are not sure.Output level EVOLUTION 50CDThe output level is set at ‘Line Level (0dB max)’, by default. If you wish to change this to be-come variable, Pre-Amplifier Mode must be enabled through the Start-Up Menu. To enable ‘Preamplifier Mode’ turn the power off. Press and hold the MENU button while simultane-ously powering-on the EVOLUTION 50CD to reveal the Start-Up Menu.The Start-Up Menu will display the following: ‘Analogue Output’ and ‘Factory Defaults’.To enable the digital volume control, select Analogue Output by pressing the Play/Pause button. Press the Track Back/Forward button until Preamplifier Mode is highlighted. Press the MENU button again to confirm and start the product. The window will briefly display theCREEK logo and the unit will then start working with digital volume controlled output.You will see there is now a volume level symbol shown in the bottom right hand corner of the display. Volume adjustment can be made using the remote handset blue + or – button, after the CD or DAC button at the top has been pressed. When using the volume control the display will switch to showing the full level setting for a short time and then return to show the input with a small level display only.To return to a fixed level output follow the same path as above, but select LINE LEVEL (0dB) and then MENU. Alternatively, select Factory defaults, then press ‘Reset to Defaults’. Press Menu to return to normal operation.Output level EVOLUTION 100CDVolume control is adjustable from the front panel control knob and the remote handset. If you require the output level to be set to maximum (0dB) for all inputs, you should follow the EVOLUTION 50CD volume instructions to change it. Please Note, the headphone output will always have volume control, even if the output setting is for 0dB Line level.Note: The maximum volume level, when switching-on, are limited to -20dB. However, if the last volume level before switching off was < -20dB it will be remembered.REAR PANELThe rear panel contains all the input and output connections, with the exception of EVOLU-TION 100CD headphones.INPUTS1. USB input, Class 2, is for connection to a computer or streaming device to extract high-res-olution digital audio data.2. Co-ax SPDIF digital input, which can connect to a CD transport, or other digital device.3. Optical TOSLINK digital input, which can connect to a CD transport, or other digital device.4. Co-ax SPDIF digital input, which can connect to a CD transport, or other digital device.5. Optical TOSLINK digital input, which can connect to a CD transport, or other digital device.6. Bluetooth is enabled on the EVOLUTION 100CD. COMET BT is available as an optional plug-in module for the EVOLUTION 50CD.Please check with your dealer or for price and availability of the plug-in COMET BT module.Mains input - 3 pin IEC with ground connection and fuse.Use the power cord supplied, which is suitable for use in your country or region.RC Bus:The In and Out sockets connect either EVOLUTION 50A or 100A amplifiers to the matching EVOLUTION 50CD or 100CD, controlling two products with the IR remote sensor in one product only, to maintain functional synchronisation between both products. OUTPUTS1 x Co-ax digital output SPDIF1 x Optical digital output2 x RCA un-balanced audio outputs, Left and Right (red).2 x XLR balanced audio outputs, Left and Right.FRONT PANEL CONTROLSPOWERPress the push button on the right to switch power On or Off. Please note that the EVOLU-TION 50CD and 100CD do not have a Standby power function.Headphone output - EVOLUTION 100CD onlyThe 6.35mm (1/4”) headphone jack can power most types of headphones and will output whatever is present on the output sockets on the rear panel. Line output will not be muted when headphone are in use. The headphone output level is adjusted by the front panel or remote volume control. Output level will always be minimised to -20dB when a headphone jack is inserted, or the previous level will be remembered, if it was below -20dB. Suitable for a wide-range of headphones from 8 Ohms to 1 k Ohms. High impedance headphones can also be used, but the maximum output level will be proportionally lower.Volume control - EVOLUTION 100CD only.The rotary volume knob adjusts the output level. Press the knob once to Mute and again to un-mute. Push and turn the knob to adjust balance. Note that balance only works when the normal display screen is present. So wait five seconds, after changing the volume, to change the balance. Output level is displayed in decibels. 0db is maximum level and -79dB in minimum; -80dB is Muted.INFOPressing INFO will allow CD time to be toggled between elapsed and remaining track time. SRC = Source.Press SRC to select the various inputs: Internal CD drive, external Input 1 = USB, Input 2 = Co-Ax, Input 3 = Optical, Input 4 = Co-Ax Input 5 = Optical. Input 6 on EVOLUTION 100CD = Bluetooth, which is an option for EVOLUTION 50CD. Check with your dealer for price and availability.MENUPressing the MENU button will reveal a selection of options that affect the way the product operates. These should be set to taste and the option tree looks like this:DISPLAY SETTINGSAlways on Display is always switched-onAuto off Display goes off after a short time.Selecting any function will cause the display to light again for a few seconds. Display Brightness Low - Medium – FullCD OPERATONThere is a group of 5 buttons next to the slot for CD operation, plus a Repeat button in the group of 4 buttons right of the display. Listing buttons in a clockwise order:PLAY/PAUSEPress the Play button once to play the first track. Press once again to Pause while playing. Press Play to release Pause.STOPPress the Stop button to end disc play.LOADING/EJECTING A DISCTo load a disc, simply post one through the slot aperture on the left hand side of the front panel, with the label facing upwards, being careful not to put finger prints or dirt on the play-ing surface. The mechanism will sense the proximity of the disc after it is half-way in. It will then automatically draw the disc inside completely and read its Table of Contents (TOC), which will be displayed. It will then be in the Stop position. To save time, it is possible to press Play before the disc has finished Reading. Once it has read the TOC it will then play the first track.EJECTTo remove a disc, press the Eject button to force the disc out of the slot drive. Pressing Eject while the disc is playing will not harm the disc.SKIP FORWARD/SCAN FORWARDPress once to Skip-forward through the tracks. Press and hold to Scan-forward through the track currently playing.SKIP BACKWARDS/SCAN BACKWARDSPress once to Skip-back to the start of the track and again to Skip-back to the previous track, or tracks. Press and hold to Scan backwards through the track currently playing. REPEATRepeat toggles between single tracks, a whole CD, or repeat-off. Press and hold repeat longer to turn the Random play function on/off.DISPLAY FEATURES:With a disc loaded, the display will indicate the total number of tracks and total playing time when in STOP mode. During playback, the track number and track time will also be dis-played. Symbols are also shown for Repeat, Random, Headphones, Volume level and Mute functions.DAC AND CD OPERATIONEVOLUTION 100CD onlyUsing the front panel or remote CD buttons will enable Human Interface device (HID) func-tions for USB input:Play/Pause = Start/PauseNext/Previous moves to the next or previous trackREMOTE CONTROL OPERATIONSELECT A SPECIFIC TRACK Array Press the track numbers at the top, 0 - 9. The number will appear in the display and the track will begin to play after a short delay.RANDOMWill select random track playback.INFOToggles the display between elapsed and remaining time. REPEATCauses the current track or the whole disc to be repeated. Press the REPEAT button once and the current track will be repeated. Press REPEAT a second time and the entire disc will be repeated. Press the REPEAT button a third time and the player will revert to normal play.DIMAdjusts the display brightness.FILTEROffers 5 optional digital filter shapes. see further FILTER description below.VOLUMEBlue buttons +/- will adjust the volume level, provided the product has been configured to Preamplfier Mode. see ex-planation on earlier page. Select either CD or DAC buttons at the top first.FUNCTIONS NOT IN USE:PROGRAMIs not yet enabled.PHASENot yet enabled.DAC OPERATIONPress DAC button first. The internal DAC will operate like a digital pre-amp, allowing you to select a different input for various digital sources. Some digital devices output their signal optically, so use a good quality TOSLINK cable to pass the signal to the DAC. Some prod-ucts use only co-axial connections. Use a dedicated ‘digital interconnect’ for the best results. Ask your dealer for advice.The incoming signal will be checked and the sample and bit-rate will automatically be dis-played.All digital signals are output via the co-ax, or optical connector, to allow another device to receive the same signal.DIGITAL FILTERSToggling the FILTER button on the remote handset selects five available digital filter options. These are used by the DAC to reconstruct the analogue waveform from the digital signal provided by the source. The five filters offer differing compromises between performance and suppression of ultrasonic noise. The best option will be system dependant so try experi-menting to see which option you prefer. The differences are very subtle so it may take some time to find your favourite! None of the filters significantly affect the frequency response in the critical 20Hz – 20kHz audible range so don’t be worried about having the “wrong” selec-tion; there is no right or wrong option.USB OperationThe Class 2 USB input is capable of playing high resolution music files, up to 24 bit 192 kHz, from either a PC or MAC computer. Streaming from a PC requires an additional (ASIO) driver software to be installed and possibly a USB2 driver, if your computer hasn’t already got one. USB cables up to 5 metres (16.4 feet) may be used.Drivers for PCs can be downloaded from the Creek website at the following address: /drivers/USB2.0.zip/drivers/SaviAudioBravoHDS.rarUSB input, allows the DAC to behave like a sound card. Once the link is established audio data can be transferred and converted at the highest resolution of 24/192. The remote con-trol handset and CD buttons on the front panel will allow limited control of the tracks (HID), such as play, pause, forward and back. However, if a media player such as iTunes or J-River is used, it is much more convenient to control files using an appropriate remote App to view and control your library via a tablet computer, smart phone, or other remote device. Bluetooth OperationScrew the antenna into the F socket marked BT on the rear panel. Do not over-tighten and fold parallel to the rear panel. It may provide slightly better reception if the antenna is adjust-ed vertically, if required.Select Bluetooth input to enable the device to be paired with your Phone or mobile device such as a tablet computer. In Bluetooth settings look for a device called EVOLUTION BT to appear. Select it and wait for it to be paired successfully. No more than one device can be used with the EVOLUTION BT input at a time. So, if multiple BT devices, that have previous-ly been paired, are in reception range there may be a conflict. Turn BT off unused devices to avoid a conflict.You can now choose music files stored on your mobile device and stream them to the EVO-LUTION 100CD. EVOLUTION 50CD must be fitted with a COMET BT module to enable this function. If BT input is deselected, the source will Pause the music.Check with your dealer for more information.Technical Specifications:Digital inputs 2 x SPDIF, 24 Bit 192 kHz, via RCA sockets, transformer isolated2 x TOSLINK, 24 Bit 192 kHz, optically isolated1 x Class 2, High-resolution 24 Bit 192 kHz, asynchronousBluetooth Input 6 on EVOLUTION 100CD.Optional Comet BT module required for EVOLUTION 50CDCD transport Custom designed, ICE quality, CD slot-loader, externally clocked forperformance.perfectbitSignal to Noise ratio> 115 dBATHD typ. 0.001% @ 1kHz 0dBFSFrequency Response+/-0.1dB 20Hz-20kHz (at 48kHz and higher sampling rates)Channel Separation>95dB 20Hz-20kHz, typ. 110dB @ 1kHzDigital output 1 x SPDIF and 1 x Toslink optical output, pass-on all input signals Digital filter 5 digital filters are selectable via the remoteAudio output 2.0V max. Gold plated RCA un-balanced.Gold over solid brass RCA sockets fitted to EVOLUTION 100CD only.4.0V max. XLR balanced output (AES48-2005)Audio buffering High-grade symmetrical FET Op-amps for audio output buffer and filtering. Headphone output EVOLUTION 100CD only.Output impedance <22 Ohms. 6.35mm or ¼” socketOutput impedance47 Ohms unbalanced and 94 Ohms balancedPower supply25 Watt toroidal mains transformerRC Bus Input/output connection for external IR remote and serial link to EVO 50A DAC type 2 x in double differential configurationInput receiver WM8805, multichannel digital input receiverUSB type Class 2, 24bit 192kHzOperating Voltages100 - 120V/ 200 - 240V, SwitchableConsumption6W idle, 10W During CD PlaybackWeight 5.5Kgs (12.12 lbs)Dimensions W/H/D430 x 60 x 280mm (16.9 x 2.36 x 11 inches)Finish Silver or black engraved front panelsCreek Audio Ltd reserves the right to change or modify the specification of its products without prior warning.Page: 10WARRANTYIf within two years of purchase date your Creek product proves to be defective for any reason other than accident, misuse, neglect, unauthorized modification, or fair wear and tear, Creek Audio Ltd. will, at its discretion, replace the faulty parts without charge for labour or return carriage within the United Kingdom. For warranty outside the UK, please consult your dealer or the importer. Worldwide distributors details are shown on the Creek website.This warranty is valid only in the United Kingdom and given in addition to statutory rights. Service enquiries outside the United Kingdom should be addressed first to the supplying dealer and/or the Creek distributor/importer.Warranties granted in countries other than the UK are entirely at the discretion of the distributor/importer.Creek Audio Ltd12 Avebury Court, Mark Road, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7TA England***************************************+44(0)1442260146。
电子专业名词中英对照
ASCi AICl LTAO AlsC
GYTT
Gyro Temperature Table
ClrC Wmac
Color mask Identifier for the Cover Glass WiFi mac address (18-byte string)
Bmac
Bluetooth mac address (18-byte string)
Emac VBST BLCC BLCl PxCl
Ethernet mac address (18-byte string)
BackLight Current Calibration Backlight Calibration Prox Calibration
BCMS
Back Camera Serial Number
Software Behavior Values HW version Acoustic Transducer Scale Multitouch (Grape) Calibration Gyro['dʒaiərəu] Sensitivity Calibration
GSCi GICl ASCl
Gyro Sensitivity Calibration inverse Gyro Interrupt Calibration Accelerometer[ækˌsɛləˈrɑmɪtɚ] Sensitivity Calibration Accelerometer Sensitivity Calibration inverse Accelerometer Interrupt Calibration Low temperature Accelerometer zero offset ALS Calibration
金字塔原理完整版
SOME ARGUMENT PATTERNS 部分逻辑论证模式
TRPA000615TP-RC-1(GB)
Success requires X 需有X才能成功
Success requires X 需要X才能成功
You are pursuing X 你正朝X发展
You thought X was a problem 你认为X是问题
I hate you 我恨你
Reason #1
第一个理由
Reason #2
第二个理由
Reason #3
第三个理由
5
SOLVING THE PROBLEM 解决问题
TRPA000615TP-RC-1(GB)
Facts 事实
Analyses 分析
Conclusions 结论
Recommen-
dations 建议方案
How do you know the recommendations are sound? 怎麽知道这建议方案是完善 的？
6
TRPA000615TP-RC-1(GB)
DEVELOPING A STRUCTURE FOR "WRITING BACKWARDS" 如何建构「从结论说起」的作品
Governing thought 中心思想
本公司应积极打入新 兴起的市场区隔之中 ，以及早占有优势竞 争地位
11
AGENDA 课 程
• Writing Backwards -- The Pyramid 从结论说起
• The Governing Thought (TOPS) 中心思想
• Logical Arguments 逻辑论证
• Logical Groupings 逻辑组合
Sennheiser evolution wireless G4 ew 300 耳机设置 1 8说明
Bodypack Headmic SetFEATURES• Easy to use, fast setup time• Integrated network port allows control, monitoring and setup via Sennheiser Control Cockpit and WSMSoftware• Broad range of products and existing accessories (such as microphones) allows usage in any kind of environ-ment• Up to 88 MHz bandwidth, up to 32 channels• Increased RF output power (10/30/50 mW)• Transmission Range: up to 100 meters / 330 feet• Compatible with wireless speaker system LSP 500 PRO • RC (remote control) switch available for the bodypack transmitter DELIVERY INCLUDES• EM 300-500 G4 true diversity receiver • SK 300 G4• SL Headmic 1• GA 3 rackmount set• power supply• 2 AA batteries• 2 rod antennas• quick guide• safety guide• manufacturer declaration sheetBest choice for your business, top of the class in education. The G4 300 Series uses the power of an increased switching bandwidth of up to 88 MHz. New frequency ranges allow to operate multi-channel setups with dozens of channels while securing reliable operation - despite digital dividend.The powerful professional HEADMIC1 is the pro’s choice for lively lectures and speeches. Its high speech intelligibility ma-kes the headset microphone – besides its good look – absolutely reliable. Remote mute switch available for the bodypack transmitter.ACCESSORIESBA 2015rechargeable battery Art. no. 009950L 2015charger Art. no. 009828RMS 1Remote mute switch Art. no. 503164Bodypack Headmic Set SPECIFICATIONSEM 300-500 G4RF characteristicsModulation Wideband FMFrequency ranges Aw+: 470 - 558 MHzAS: 520 - 558 MHzGw1: 558 - 608 MHzGw: 558 - 626 MHzGBw: 606 - 678 MHzBw: 526 - 698 MHzCw: 718 - 790 MHzDw: 790 - 865 MHzJB: 806 - 810 MHzK+: 925 - 937.5 MHzReceiving frequencies Max. 3520 receivingfrequencies, adjustable in25 k Hz steps20 frequency banks, eachwith up to 32 factory-pre-set channels, no intermo-dulation6 frequency banks withup to 32 programmablechannelsSwitching bandwidth up to 88 MHzNominal/peak deviation±24 kHz / ±48 kHzReceiver principle True diversitySensitivity (with HDX, peak deviation)< 2.5 μV for 52 dBAeff S/NAdjacent channel selection Typically ≥ 75 dB Intermodulation attenua-tionTypically ≥ 70 dB Blocking≥ 75 dB Squelch 5 to 25 dBμVin steps of 2 dBPilot tone squelch Can be switched off Antenna inputs 2 BNC socketsAF characteristicsCompander system Sennheiser HDXEQ presets (switchable,act on line and monitoroutputs)Preset 1: FlatPreset 2:Low Cut (-3 dB at 180 Hz)Preset 3:Low Cut/High Boost(-3 dB at 180 Hz,+6 dB at 10 kHz)Preset 4:High Boost(+6 dB at 10 kHz)Signal-to-noise ratio (1 mV,peak deviation)≥ 115 dBATotal harmonic distortion(THD)≤ 0.9 %AF output voltage (at peakdeviation, 1 kHz AF)6.3 mm jack socket(unbalanced): +12 dBuXLR socket(balanced): +18 dBu Setting range “AF Out”48 dB (3 dB steps) Overall deviceTemperature range-10 °C to +55 °CPower supply12 V DCCurrent consumption350 mADimensions Approx. 202 x 212 x 43 mm Weight Approx. 980 gCONNECTIONSBodypack Headmic Set SPECIFICATIONSSK 300 G4RF characteristicsModulation Wideband FM Frequency ranges Aw+: 470 - 558 MHzAS: 520 - 558 MHzGw1: 558 - 608 MHzGw: 558 - 626 MHzGBw: 606 - 678 MHzBw: 526 - 698 MHzCw: 718 - 790 MHzDw: 790 - 865 MHzJB: 806 - 810 MHzK+: 925 - 937.5 MHz Transmission frequencies Max. 3520 frequencies,adjustable in 25 kHz steps20 frequency banks, eachwith up to 32 factory-pre-set channels, no intermo-dulation6 frequency banks withup to 32 programmablechannelsSwitching bandwidth up to 88 MHzNominal/peak deviation±24 kHz / ±48 kHz Frequency stability≤ ±15 ppmRF output power at 50 Ωswitchable:Low: typ. 10 mWStandard: typ. 30 mWHigh: typ. 50 mWPilot tone squelch Can be switched off AF characteristicsCompander system Sennheiser HDXAF frequency response Mic: 80 – 18,000 HzLine: 25 – 18,000 Hz Signal-to-noise ratio (1 mV,peak deviation)≥ 115 dBATotal harmonic distortion(THD)≤ 0.9 %Max. microphone/lineinput voltage3 VeffMicrophone/line inputimpedance40 kΩ, unbalanced / 1 MΩInput capacitance SwitchableSetting range for inputsensitivity60 dB,adjustable in 3 dB steps Overall deviceTemperature range-10 °C to +55 °CPower supply 2 AA batteries, 1.5 V orBA 2015 accupack Nominal voltage 3 V battery /2.4 V rechargeable battery Current consumption at nominal voltage:typ. 180 mAwith transmitter switchedoff: ≤ 25 μAOperating time Typically 8 h Dimensions Approx. 82 x 64 x 24 mm Weight (incl. batteries)approx. 160 gSPECIFICATIONSSL Headmic 1Frequency response20 to 20,000 H z ± 3 d B Pick-up pattern omni-directional Nominal impedance@ 1 k Hz1 kΩMin. terminatingimpedance4.7 kΩSensitivity 5 m V/Pa ± 3 d B Diameter of mic capsule 3.3 m mMax. sound pressure level143 d BEquivalent noise level27 d B(A)Supply current approx. 240 μA Power supply 4.5 to 15 V Temperature range Operation:Storage:-10 °C to 50 °C(14 °F to 122 °F)-20 °C to 70 °C(-4 °F to 158 °F) Relative air humidity max. 95 %Cable length 1.6 mDiameter of boom arm 1.1 m mConnector 3.5 m m jack plug orSennheiser special connec-tor (-4 variant)Weight (without cable)approx. 7 gBodypack Headmic Set DIMENSIONSBodypack Headmic Set DIMENSIONS3,5mm Klinke2,5mm KlinkeBodypack Headmic SetDIMENSIONS SL Headmic 164.91[ca. 1600mm]Kabel mit 3,5 mm Klinkenstecker / cable with 3.5 mm jack plugKabel mit 3-poligem Spezialstecker / cable with 3-pin special connectorSignal64.91[ca. 1600mm]Bodypack Headmic SetARCHITECT‘S SPECIFICATIONA wireless RF transmission system designed for presentation use and other applications where maximum speech intelli-gibility is required.The system shall consist of a stationary receiver, a bodypack transmitter and a condenser headset microphone.The system shall operate within ten UHF frequency ranges, with a switching bandwidth of up to 88 MHz: 470 – 558 MHz, 520 – 558 MHz, 558 – 608 MHz, 558 – 626 MHz, 606 – 678 MHz, 626 – 698 MHz, 718 – 790 MHz, 790 – 865 MHz, 806 – 810 MHz, 925 – 937.5 MHz; receiving frequencies shall be 3520 per range and shall be tunable in 25 kHz steps. The system shall feature 20 fixed frequency banks with up to 32 compatible frequency presets and 6 user banks with up to 32 user programmable frequencies.The receiver shall be menu-driven with a backlit OLED display showing the current frequency, frequency bank and chan-nel number, metering of RF level, metering of AF level, lock status, pilot tone evaluation, muting function, and battery status of the associated transmitter. An auto-lock feature shall be provided to prevent settings from being accidentally altered. The receiver shall provide a sound check mode.Some receiver parameters such as receiving frequency, receiver name and pilot tone setting shall be synchronizable with the associated transmitter via an integrated infrared interface.The receiver shall feature a balanced XLR-3M audio output with a maximum output of +18 dBu along with an unbalanced ¼“ (6.3 mm) audio output with a maximum output of +12 dBu. A headphone output with headphone volume control shall be provided and shall utilize a ¼“ (6.3 mm) stereo jack socket. The receiver shall have an Ethernet port (RJ-45) for remote network-based monitoring and control using the Sennheiser Control Cockpit or the Sennheiser Wireless System Manager software. Two BNC-type input sockets shall be provided for connecting the antennas.Nominal/peak deviation shall be ±24 kHz/±48 kHz. Squelch threshold shall be defeatable (off) or adjustable from 5 - 25 dBμV in steps of 2 dB.PRODUCT VARIANTSew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Aw+470 - 558 MHz Art. no. 509666ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-AS 520 - 558 MHz Art. no. 509701ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Gw1558 - 608 MHz Art. no. 509672ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Gw 558 - 626 MHz Art. no. 509703ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-GBw 606 - 678 MHz Art. no. 509948ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Bw 626 - 698 MHz Art. no. 509704ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Cw 718 - 790 MHz Art. no. 509705ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-Dw 790 - 865 MHz Art. no. 509706ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-JB 806 - 810 MHzArt. no. 509702ew 300 G4-HEADMIC1-RC-K+925 - 937.5 MHz Art. no. 509947Bodypack Headmic SetSennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG · Am Labor 1 · 30900 Wedemark · Germany · The receiver shall incorporate the Sennheiser HDX compander system and a defeatable pilot tone squelch. Sensitivity shall be < 2 μV for 52 dBA eff S/N with HDX engaged at peak deviation. Adjacent channel rejection shall be ≥ 75 dB (ty-pical). Intermodulation attenuation shall be ≥ 70 dB (typical); blocking shall be ≥ 75 dB. Four selectable equalizer presets shall be provided: “Flat”, “Low Cut” (−3 dB at 180 Hz), “Low Cut/High Boost” (−3 dB at 180 Hz/+5.5 dB at 10 kHz) and “High Boost” (+5.5 dB at 10 kHz). Signal-to-noise ratio at 1 mV and peak deviation shall be ≥ 115 dBA. Total harmonic dis-tortion (THD) shall be ≤ 0.9 %. The audio output level shall be adjustable within a 48 dB range in steps of 3 dB.The receiver shall operate on 12 V power supplied from the NT 2-3 CW mains unit (for 100 – 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz). Power consumption shall be 350 mA. The receiver shall have a rugged metal housing; dimensions shall be approximately 202 x 212 x 43 mm (7.95“ x 8.35“ x 1.69“). Weight shall be approximately 980 grams (2.16 lbs). Operating temperature shall range from −10 °C to +55 °C (+14 °F to +131 °F).The receiver shall be the Sennheiser EM 300-500 G4.The transmitter shall be menu-driven with a backlit LC display showing the current frequency, frequency bank and chan-nel number, metering of AF level, transmission status, lock status, pilot tone transmission, muting function, and battery status. An auto-lock feature shall be provided to prevent settings from being accidentally altered.The transmitter parameters shall either be configurable in the associated receiver’s menu and synchronized with the transmitter via an integrated infrared interface or shall be programmable in the transmitter menu.The transmitter shall be equipped with a mute switch, which shall be switchable between “AF on/off”, “RF on/off” and “Disabled” via the receiver’s user interface. A 2.5 mm jack socket shall be provided for connecting a Sennheiser RMS 1 ex-ternal mute switch. The settings for the external mute switch shall be switchable between “AF on/off”, “RF on/off”, “Push to mute” and “Push to talk” via the user interface.Nominal/peak deviation shall be ±24 kHz/±48 kHz. Frequency stability shall be ≤ ±15 ppm. RF output power at 50 Ω shall be switchable between 10 mW (typical, low) and 30 mW (typical, standard) and 50 mW (typical, high).The transmitter shall incorporate the Sennheiser HDX compander system and a defeatable pilot tone squelch. Audio fre-quency response shall range from 80 – 18,000 Hz (microphone) or 25 - 18,000 Hz (line). Signal-to-noise ratio at 1 mV and peak deviation shall be ≥ 115 dBA. Total harmonic distortion (THD) shall be ≤ 0.9 %. Input sensitivity shall be adjustable within a 60 dB range in steps of 3 dB.Power shall be supplied to the transmitter by two 1.5V AA size batteries or by one Sennheiser BA 2015 rechargeableaccupack. Nominal voltage shall be 2.4 V, current consumption shall be typical 180 mA at nominal voltage; ≤ 25 μA when transmitter is switched off. Operating time shall be typical 8 hours. The transmitter shall have a rugged metal housing; dimensions shall be approximately 82 x 64 x 24 mm (3.23“ x 2.52“ x 0.94“). Weight including the batteries shall be appro-ximately 160 grams (5.64 oz). Operating temperature shall range from −10 °C to +55 °C (+14 °F to +131 °F).The transmitter shall be the Sennheiser SK 300 G4-RC.The headset microphone shall be designed for professional …hands free“ applications. Its high-quality microphone capsule shall be a pre-polarized condenser with an omni-directional pick-up pattern and shall be optimized for speech intelligibil-ity.The headset microphone shall have an adjustable, visually unobtrusive neckband and an extremely thin microphone boom that shall be adjustable in length. The headset microphone shall be available in black (BK variant), beige (BE variant) or silver (SB variant).The frequency response of the headset microphone shall be 20 H z-20,000 H z (± 3 d B) and sensitivity shall be 5 m V/Pa (± 3 d B). Nominal impedance at 1 k Hz shall be 1 k Ω, with a min. terminating impedance of 4.7 k Ω. Maximum SPL shall be 143 d B, equivalent noise level shall be 27 d B(A). The current consumption shall be approximately 240 μA. Operating voltage shall range from 4.5-15 V . Diameter of the microphone capsule shall be 3.3 m m (0.13”), diameter of the boom arm shall be 1.1 m m (0.04”). The cable shall be 1.6 m long and shall provide connection via a 3.5 m m jack plug or a lockable 3-pin special connector. Weight without cable shall be approximately 7 g rams (0.25 o z). Operating temperature shall range from -10 °C to +50 °C (+14 °F to +122 °F).The headset microphone shall be the Sennheiser SL Headmic 1.。
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标
Evolution RC高速离心机是一款高性能的实验室设备，主要用于生物、医学和材料科学等领域。
以下是其技术指标的详细描述：
1. 最大转速：该离心机最高可以达到每分钟100,000转，这样的高转速可以使得样品在短时间内达到较高的离心力，缩短实验时间。
2. 最大离心力：由于其出色的高速性能，该离心机能够产生的最大离心力可达到133,000 x g，能够满足大多数实验需求。
3. 温度控制：该离心机具有精确的温度控制功能，可以在-20°C至40°C 之间调节温度，以满足不同实验对温度的严格要求。
4. 样品容量：该离心机可以容纳最高12个标准试管，使得一次可以处理多个样品，提高实验效率。
5. 控制系统：该离心机采用先进的微处理器控制系统，可以精确控制速度、时间和温度等参数，保证实验结果的准确性和可重复性。
6. 安全性能：该离心机具有多种安全保护功能，如过热保护、过载保护、不平衡保护等，确保实验过程的安全性。
7. 机身设计：该离心机采用优质不锈钢材料制成，外观简洁美观，且易于清洁和维护。
总体来说，Evolution RC高速离心机以其卓越的性能、精确的温度控制、大容量样品处理能力以及多种安全保护功能等特点，成为了生物、医学和材料科学等领域实验室的理想选择。
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标【原创实用版】目录1.Evolution RC 高速离心机的概述2.技术指标的详细说明3.应用范围和优势正文【概述】Evolution RC 高速离心机是一款性能卓越的实验室设备，适用于生物学、化学和医药等领域的科研和生产工作。
其主要功能是通过高速旋转将样品进行离心，以实现样品中不同成分的分离和纯化。
该设备具有结构紧凑、操作简便、运行稳定等特点，是实验室不可或缺的重要工具。
【技术指标详细说明】Evolution RC 高速离心机的主要技术指标如下：1.最高转速：该离心机最高转速可达到 30,000 转/分钟，能够满足各种离心需求。
2.离心力：最大离心力可达到 350,000g，可以实现对样品的精细分离。
3.温度控制：设备具有良好的温度控制系统，可在离心过程中实时监测并调整温度，确保实验的准确性和样品的稳定性。
4.容量：离心机具有多种容量的离心管架，可以适应不同样品量的离心需求。
5.安全性：设备具备自动刹车系统，当离心机达到设定的最高转速时，会自动停止加速，保证实验过程的安全性。
6.控制面板：采用触摸式控制面板，操作简便，便于实验者进行参数设置和实时监控。
【应用范围和优势】Evolution RC 高速离心机广泛应用于生物学、化学、医药等领域的实验研究，包括样品的沉淀、分离、纯化等过程。
其主要优势如下：1.高效：高速旋转和强大的离心力，使得样品分离和纯化效果更为显著，提高实验效率。
2.安全：设备具备自动刹车系统和良好的温度控制系统，保证实验过程的安全性和稳定性。
3.多功能：离心机具有多种容量的离心管架，可以适应不同样品量的离心需求，满足各种实验要求。
4.易操作：采用触摸式控制面板，操作简便，便于实验者进行参数设置和实时监控。
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Evolution_of_p53_pathway-related_genes_provides_in
Evolution of p53 pathway-related genes provides insights into anticancer mechanisms of natural longevity in cetaceansDEAR EDITOR,Despite the generally increased cancer risk in large, long-lived organisms, cetaceans, among the largest and longest-living mammals, appear to possess a counteracting mechanism.Nevertheless, the genetic basis underlying this mechanism remains poorly understood. The p53 pathway serves as an ideal target for studying the mechanisms behind cancer resistance, as most cancer types have evolved strategies to circumvent its suppressive functions. Here, comparative genetic analysis of 73 genes involved in the p53 pathway in cetaceans (Supplementary Table S1) was undertaken to explore the potential anticancer mechanisms behind natural longevity. Results showed that long-lived species contained three positively selected genes (APAF1, CASP8, and TP73)and three duplicated genes (IGFBP3, PERP , and CASP3)related to apoptosis regulation. Additionally, the evolutionary rates of three genes associated with angiogenesis (SERPINE1, CD82, and TSC2) showed a significant relationship with longevity quotient (LQ) and maximum lifespan (MLS), suggesting angiogenesis inhibition as another potential strategy protecting cetaceans from cancer.Interestingly, several positively selected tumor suppressor genes with high copy numbers were correlated with body size in the large-bodied and long-lived cetacean lineages,corroborating Peto’s paradox, which posits no link between cancer incidence and body size or longevity across species. In conclusion, we identified several candidate genes that may confer cancer resistance in cetaceans, providing a new avenue for further research into the mechanisms of lifespan extension.Mammalian lifespans and body masses (BM) exhibit considerable variability, with the shortest- and longest-living mammals differing by more than 100-fold and the smallest and largest mammals differing by more than 100-million-fold (Tacutu et al., 2018). The largest extant mammal, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus ), has an average adult weight of 136 000 kg and MLS of 110 years, while the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus ), has an average weight of over 100 000 kg and an MLS of 211 years.Typically, large and long-lived organisms face elevated cancer risk due to increased cell divisions, which increases the likelihood of DNA damage and potential cellular transformation to malignancy. Nonetheless, large whales, possessingapproximately 1 000 times more cells than humans,demonstrate an unexpectedly low cancer risk, despite their extended lifespans (Nagy et al., 2007). These observations align with Peto’s paradox, suggesting that these cetaceans have evolved an effective mechanism for suppressing cancer (Peto et al., 1975). The p53 pathway, vital for tumor suppression and lifespan extension, acts as a transcription factor to prevent tumor formation and development by selectively regulating target genes to induce cell cycle arrest,promote cell apoptosis or senescence, and accelerate DNA repair (Cha & Yim, 2013). Thus, studying the p53 pathway is a promising approach for uncovering the mechanisms by which large and long-lived species inhibit cancer.Based on MLS and BM records of non-flying eutherian mammals from the AnAge online dataset (Supplementary Table S2), a new allometric equation was derived:The LQ of all cetacean species was calculated using the allometric equation:Species with an LQ or MLS greater than 0.5 standard deviations (SD ) from the mean of 65 cetaceans were classified as long-lived. This determination was made after computing sequential thresholds ranging from 0 to 1.0 SD from the cetacean mean, with species designated as long-lived consistently falling within the 0.4 to 0.8 range (Supplementary Figure S1). The mean LQ value for the 65cetaceans was 0.97 with a 0.5 SD of 0.17 (LQ=0.97±0.17;Supplementary Table S3). Six cetacean species, including bowhead whales, long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas ), Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ), killer whales (Orcinus orca ), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus ), and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T.aduncus ) were classified as long-lived (LQ>1.14) and five species were classified as short-lived (LQ<0.80), with the remaining intermediate species (0.8<LQ<1.14) serving as controls (Figure 1A). In terms of MLS, the mean value across all cetaceans was 47.90±15.67. Five long-lived species,including blue whales, bowhead whales, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae ), killer whales, and sperm whalesReceived: 09 April 2023; Accepted: 11 September 2023; Online: 11September 2023Foundation items: This work was supported by the National Key Program of Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2022YFF1301600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070409, 32270453 to S.X.X.), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions to G.Y. and S.X.X., and Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province to S.X.X.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original work is properly cited.Copyright ©2023 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesLiu et al. Zool. Res. 2023, 44(5): 947−949https:///10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.058(Physeter catodon) were identified with an MLS>63.57 and four short-lived species were identified with an MLS<32.23. Ancestral reconstructions based on MLS and LQ were performed to classify long-lived lineages in ancestral nodes (Supplementary Figure S2). Subsequent analyses were then performed on cetacean species identified as long-lived based on both standards (LQ>1.14, MLS>63.57).In this study, 23 genes exhibited copy number gains in at least one cetacean lineage (Figure 1B; Supplementary Table S4, S5). Among these, four genes (BCL2L1 in long-finned pilot whales, IGFBP3 and STEAP3 in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, and PERP in bottlenose dolphins) contained two copies unique to the long-lived cetacean lineages (LQ>1.14), whereas only one copy was identified in the other cetacean lineages. In addition, the long-lived sperm whale contained three copies of CCNB2 and two copies of MDM4, while only one copy of each was found in the other cetacean lineages. Results also showed CASP3 and CCNG1 duplication in all large, long-lived cetacean species (MLS>63.57), except for the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). Ancestral state reconstructions estimated that the last common ancestor of baleen whales lived to over 110 years of age (Supplementary Figure S2), suggesting that increased copy numbers of both genes in common minke whales was the same as that of other baleen whales classified as long-lived based on MLS. In contrast, only one RCHY1 copy was identified in the five large, long-lived species, while two copies were found in the other cetacean species. Expanded analyses of 17 non-cetacean mammals indicated higher CASP3 and PERP copies in notable cancer-fighting species, including primates and naked mole-rats (Gorbunova et al., 2014). Neither genome assembly length nor scaffold N50 number influenced the estimated gene copy number (Supplementary Figure S3).A total of 46 “one-to-one” orthologous genes were identified among the 73 genes involved in the p53 pathway (Supplementary Table S6). To detect signatures of episodic selection in genes occurring in long-lived cetaceans, four different methods were used, including the free-ratio and branch-site models from PAML v4.9 and aBSREL and BUSTED from Datamonkey v2.0. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) indicated that the free-ratio model, which assumes an independent ω for each branch, provided a superior fit to the data compared to the one-ratio model for the APAF1, CASP8, and AIFM2 genes (P<0.05, Figure 1A; Supplementary Table S7). An ω value greater than one was observed exclusively in specific branches of APAF1 and CASP8, including the last common ancestor (LCA) of the humpback whale and the terminal branch for the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin for APAF1, as well as the LCA of delphinids and the branch leading to the Pacific white-sided dolphin for CASP8. The branch-site model from CODEML, designed to detect pronounced positive selection on a limited number of sites amidst predominant purifying selection, yielded consistent results. Evidence of positive selection was observed in the two long-lived branches leading to the sperm whale for TP73 and the long-finned pilot whale for AIFM2 (Figure 1A; Supplementary Table S7). Based on the BEB approach, twoFigure 1 Evidence of p53 pathway-related gene evolution in cetaceansA: Long-lived species identified based on LQ and MLS are marked in green and red, respectively. Short-lived species and control group are marked in purple and gray, respectively. Significant positive selections identified by free-ratio model, branch-site model, and aBSREL are indicated by a circle, pentagram, and triangle, respectively. Photo credit: NOAA Fisheries. B: Copy number variation in p53 pathway-related genes in cetaceans. Colors correspond to number of copies, with red indicating increasing copy number. Red bars represent long-lived species. C: Regression analyses between root-to-tip (ω) and three longevity traits (MLS, BM, and LQ).948 positively selected sites identified in both genes (TP73: 506; AIFM2: 459) exhibited radical changes in at least one property. The alternative branch-site model aBSREL in Datamonkey v2.0 appeared to be markedly more sensitive in detecting episodic selection than the branch-site methods in PAML v4.9. After multiple testing correction, TP73 displayed positive selection in the large, long-lived humpback whale (Supplementary Table S8). The BUSTED program, which may be particularly effective at testing for selection limited to foreground branches, further revealed positive selection in TP73 within the long-lived cetaceans (P<0.05, Supplementary Table S9). Employing these four methods of selection, three positively selected genes (APAF1, CASP8, and TP73) emerged as unique to the long-lived cetacean species. Collectively, all three positively selected genes (APAF1, CASP8, and TP73) and most genes with multiple copy numbers (IGFBP3, PERP, and CASP3) play roles in apoptosis regulation in the long-lived cetacean species (Supplementary Figure S4). This suggests that these long-lived lineages may have evolved apoptosis mechanisms to prevent cancer. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression was performed between the evolutionary rate of each orthologous gene (represented by root-to-tip ω) and the three lifespan-associated traits (MLS, BM, and LQ). Results showed that the evolutionary rates of two angiogenesis-inhibiting genes (SERPINE1: R2=0.343, P=0.010; and CD82: R2=0.392, P=0.004) were significantly correlated with LQ (Figure 1C). SERPINE1, which encodes endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), plays an important role in inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in mice (Wu et al., 2015). The tumor suppressor gene TSC2 (R2=0.364, P=0.008) was significantly positively associated with MLS in the cetaceans. TSC2 is implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis. Notably, absence of this gene results in elevated levels of hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF, and the subsequent activation of the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, which mediates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis (Brugarolas et al., 2003). In addition, research has shown that TSC2 is negatively regulated by mTOR signaling, with genetic inhibition of TOR activity leading to a two-fold extension in lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (Brugarolas et al., 2003; Vellai et al., 2003). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the TP73 evolution rate and BM (R2=0.226, P=0.031). Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in cancer development, facilitating the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors, and promoting tumor metastasis to distant organs (Al-Ostoot et al., 2021). Thus, inhibition of angiogenesis may represent another anticancer mechanism in cetaceans.Peto’s paradox states that large-bodied, long-lived species do not exhibit a greater lifetime risk of cancer compared to small, short-lived species (Peto et al., 1975). For instance, despite the 100-fold difference in cell number between African elephants and humans, the former does not show a higher incidence of cancer compared to the latter (Abegglen et al., 2015). A similar observation has also been observed in large-bodied, long-lived cetaceans (Nagy et al., 2007). Our research findings provide strong evidence in support of Peto’s paradox. Notably, a series of positively selected genes and tumor suppressor genes with copy number variations were identified in the large, long-lived species. Moreover, a significant positive relationship between gene evolution and body size was identified for the tumor suppressor gene TP73,suggesting that cetaceans evolved mechanisms to counteract the risk of cancer caused by the accumulation of cellular mutations. However, further laboratory experiments are needed to verify this.SUPPLEMENTARY DATASupplementary data to this article can be found online.COMPETING INTERESTSThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONSS.X.X. designed the study. X.L. was responsible for the data collection and analysis. S.X.X. and X.L. drafted the manuscript. S.X.X. revised the manuscript. F.Y., Y.L., X.H., and L.X.S. participated in the data collection. Z.P.Y., W.H.R., and G.Y. helped edit the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank members of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, for their contributions to this paper. We thank Mr. Tian-Zhen Wu and Mr. Xu Zhou for their helpful suggestions. We are particularly grateful to Dr. Ran Tian and Dr. Wei-Jian Guo for their technical support.Xing Liu1, Fei Yang1, Yi Li1, Zhen-Peng Yu1, Xin Huang1, Lin-Xia Sun1, Wen-Hua Ren1, Guang Yang1, Shi-Xia Xu1,*1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023, China*Corresponding author, E-mail: *****************.cnREFERENCESAbegglen LM, Caulin AF, Chan A, et al. 2015. Potential mechanisms for cancer resistance in elephants and comparative cellular response to DNA damage in humans. JAMA, 314(17): 1850−1860.Al-Ostoot FH, Salah S, Khamees HA, et al. 2021. Tumor angiogenesis: Current challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Treatment and Research Communications, 28: 100422.Brugarolas JB, Vazquez F, Reddy A, et al. 2003. TSC2 regulates VEGF through mTOR-dependent and-independent pathways. Cancer Cell, 4(2): 147−158.Cha HJ, Yim H. 2013. The accumulation of DNA repair defects is the molecular origin of carcinogenesis. Tumor Biology, 34(6): 3293−3302. Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Zhang ZD, et al. 2014. Comparative genetics of longevity and cancer: insights from long-lived rodents. Nature Reviews Genetics, 15(8): 531−540.Nagy JD, Victor EM, Cropper JH. 2007. Why don't all whales have cancer?A novel hypothesis resolving Peto's paradox. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47(2): 317−328.Peto R, Roe FJ, Lee PN, et al. 1975. Cancer and ageing in mice and men. British Journal of Cancer, 32(4): 411−426.Tacutu R, Thornton D, Johnson E, et al. 2018. Human ageing genomic resources: new and updated databases. Nucleic Acids Research, 46(D1): D1083−D1090.Vellai T, Takacs-Vellai K, Zhang Y, et al. 2003. Influence of TOR kinase on lifespan in C. elegans. Nature, 426(6967): 620.Wu JB, Strawn TL, Luo M, et al. 2015. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits angiogenic signaling by uncoupling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-αVβ3 integrin cross talk. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 35(1): 111−120.Zoological Research 44(5): 947−949, 2023 949。
PowerBox Evolution 电源系统说明书
Instruction Manual EVolutionDear customer,We are delighted that you have decided to purchase the PowerBox Evolution from our range.We wish you every success with your new PowerBox Evolution, and hope you have loads of fun with it.1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONThe PowerBox Evolution is a modern power supply system containing all the elec-tronic components required to power modern receivers, servos and models. Every single element, ICs, micro-controller and electronic circuit which is essential to a reliable power supply is duplicated!Features:- Dual regulated output voltage- Enlarged heat-sink area for even higher performance- Signal amplification for a total of six channels- Three voltage indicator LEDs- Minimum value memory displays any voltage collapses which occur in-flight- Support for four battery types: LiPo, LiIon, NiMH/NiCd, LiFe- Suppression of any servo feedback currents which might occurThis range of functions makes the PowerBox Evolution the ideal battery backer for large model aircraft with wingspans in the range 2.0 m to 2.6 m, as well as helicopters and gliders.2. CONTROLSThe illustration below shows the essential control elements:Servo OutputsBattery SocketsInputs (from receiver)SensorSwitch socket3. FIRST STEPS, THE UNIT IN USEa) Connections- F irst plug in all the servos to the desired channels. The channel assignment is left up to you; for example, input 4 corresponds to output 4.- C onnect the receiver to the PowerBox Evolution using the six patch-leads sup-plied in the set. Power is fed to the receiver via these leads.- N ow connect the SensorSwitch to the appropriate socket on the unit, ensuring that the ribbon cable faces up as shown. In models subject to severe vibration we recommend that you secure the ribbon lead by at least one additional point to avoid the connector working loose. If the connector were to fall out, it would have no effect on the switched state of the backer, but would prevent you swit-ching the system off.- T he optional ultra-bright external LEDs can now be connected to the unit. We urge you to connect them and mount them in the fuselage side, as they enable you to detect battery problems when the model is flying.- T he final step is to connect the batteries to the backer’s integral MPX connec-tors. We recommend the use of batteries or 1500 mAh or 2800 mAh capacity from PowerBox-Systems. If you prefer to use other makes of battery, or wish to make up your own packs, it is absolutely essential to maintain correct polarity. -C heck twice rather than make a mistake! Connecting a battery with reversed polarity will instantly ruin the backer’s regulators. In order to minimise power losses, the backer does not feature reverse polarity protection. The + (positive) indicator can be seen on the case cover.b) The procedure for switching on and offSwitching the unit on and off is very simple, and the process effectively prevents accidentally changing the backer’s status. This is the procedure:Locate the SET button on the SensorSwitch and hold it pressed in until the cent-ral LED glows red. Now press buttons I and II in turn; the backer is now switched on. Repeat the procedure to switch off: hold the SET button pressed in, wait until the central LED glows red, then confirm by pressing buttons I and II in turn. Once switched on, the backer can only be turned off again using the switch unit. Intermittent contacts or interruptions in the power supply cannot cause the ba-cker to be switched off permanently.c) Setting the battery typeThe default battery type setting is Lithium Polymer. If you wish to use two-cell LiPo/LiIon packs, you therefore need to make no changes at this point. For all other battery types adopt this procedure:- Switch both batteries on.- Hold the SET button pressed in, and watch the central LED on the SensorSwitch. - The LED will light up, and then go out again after a brief period.- A fter a few seconds the LED emits one brief red flash. If you now release the button, you have selected the battery type LiPo/LiIon.- I f you allow the LED to flash twice before releasing the button, you have selec-ted five-cell NiCd/NiMH as the battery type.- I f you hold the button pressed in until the LED has flashed three times, the vol-tage indicator is prepared for LiFe (A123) packs.This process only takes a few seconds, and is designed to eliminate the dan-ger of accidental changes to the setting. In any case it only has to be carried out once, as your selected battery type is permanently stored in the backer’s EEProm.d) Reading out the minimum value memoryThe minimum value memory shows you the extent to which the battery voltage collapsed during the last flight. Control surfaces with a tendency to jam, stiff linkages, or simply batteries which fade under load, may be the cause of any pro-blem in this respect. Please make it part of your routine to read out this minimum value memory after every flight, as this enables you to detect any weakness in the system before the next flight.The method of calling up the memory is simple:After the flight, press both switch buttons Battery I and Battery II simultaneously, and hold them pressed in as long as you like. The LED which now lights up in-dicates the lowest voltage value which occurred during the flight. The memory does not record voltage collapses which were of very short duration; only those lasting longer than one second.e) Changing the output voltage 5.9 V / 7.4 VYou can set your PowerBox Evolution to either of two different output voltages. The default stabilised voltage is 5.9 Volts. If you wish to raise the voltage to 7.4 Volts, please check carefully that all the components in your model are designed and approved for the higher voltage.In 7.4 Volt mode the dissipated power is lower, and this means that the power of your PowerBox Evolution is about 30% higher.By default both voltage regulators are set to 5.9 V. If you wish to use high-voltage servos (HV servos, designed for up to 8.4 V), the PowerBox Evolution allows you to operate the servos on a regulated voltage of 7.4 V instead of 5.9 V. The advantage of a regulated 7.4 V voltage compared with an ‘open’ 8.4 V battery is that the regulated voltage causes all servos to work constantly at the same speed and generate the same torque. This is an important advantage which is particularly appreciated by all our competition pilots, as it makes all manoeuvres more predictable and easier to fly.A further advantage of a regulated 7.4 V servo voltage is a longer effective life for your servos, as it eliminates the voltage peaks which occur when the batteries are freshly charged.Setting the servo voltage:The procedure for switching the unit to 7.4 Volts is quick and simple, and only needs to be carried out once. The setting is stored permanently, but can also be changed again at any time. The change must be carried out for each of the two voltage regulators, as the PowerBox Evolution features two regulators which work independently of each other.To change the output voltage, connect both batteries and switch the PowerBox Evolution on.Now disconnect both batteries from the PowerBox Evolution.Press the SET button and hold it pressed in. With the SET button pressed in, reconnect Battery 1 and Battery 2.The selected setting is indicated by the LED monitor on the PowerBox Evolution: all the LEDs on the appropriate side light up:1 x flash means that the regulator is now operating at 5.9 V3 x flashes means that the regulator is now operating at 7.4 VThe output voltage is switched by a toggle process. Example: the set voltage is 5.9V; if you connect the batteries with the SET button pressed in, the output voltage changes to 7.4 V, and the LEDs flash three times. If you wish to revert to 5.9 V, you must disconnect the batteries and repeat the procedure.Caution: it is essential that both regulators are set to the same voltage. If you set only one regulator to 7.4 V, the voltage at the output is 7.4 V.4. SPECIFICATIONOperating voltage: 4.0 Volt to 9.0 VoltPower supply: 2 x 5-cell NiCd or NiMH batteries,2 x 2-cell LiFe batteries (A123)2 x 2-cell LiPo/LiIon batteries, 7.4 VoltCurrent drain: Switched on: approx. 80 mASwitched off: approx. 4 µADropout voltage: approx. 0.25 VMax. receiver/servo voltage: 2 x 10 A (stabilised), according to cooling measuresPeak 2 x 20 AServo sockets: 16 sockets, 6 channelsTemperature range: -30°C to +75°CDimensions: 93 x 67 x 19 mm (incl. base plate)Weight: 86 gSensor-Switch: 15 gEMV approval: EN 55014-1:2006CE approval: 2004/108/EGWEEE Reg. No.: DE 639 766 11Registered design: DE 203 13 420.6This battery backer fulfils the EMV protective requirements, EN 55014-1:2006 with certificate dated 10th February 2009. EMC approval 2004/108/EG.The unit must not be connected to a mains PSU!5. DIMENSIONS6. SET CONTENTS- PowerBox Evolution- SensorSwitch- 6 patch leads- 2 external LEDs- 4 rubber grommets and brass spacers - 4 retaining screws- Operating instructions7. SERVICE NOTEWe are anxious to offer good service to our customers, and to this end we have set up a Support Forum which deals with all queries concerning our products. This relieves us of a great deal of work, as it eliminates the need to answer frequently asked questions time and again. At the same it gives you the opportunity to obtain help quickly all round the clock – even at weekends. All the answers are provided by the PowerBox Team, guaranteeing that the information is correct.Please use the Support Forum before you telephone us.You can find the forum at the following address:8. GUARANTEE CONDITIONSAt PowerBox-Systems we insist on the highest possible quality standards in the development and manufacture of our products. They are guaranteed “Made in Germany”!That is why we are able to grant a 24 month guarantee on our PowerBox Evolution from the initial date of purchase. The guarantee covers proven material faults, which will be corrected by us at no charge to you. As a precautionary measure, we are obliged to point out that we reserve the right to replace the unit if we deem the repair to be economically unviable.Repairs which our Service department carries out for you do not extend the originalguarantee period.The guarantee does not cover damage caused by incorrect usage, e.g. reverse polarity, excessive vibration, excessive voltage, damp, fuel, and short-circuits. The same applies to defects due to severe wear.We accept no liability for transit damage or loss of your shipment. If you wish to make a claim under guarantee, please send the device to the following address, together with proof of purchase and a description of the defect:SERVICE ADDRESS PowerBox-Systems GmbH Ludwig-Auer-Straße 5D-86609 Donauwoerth Germany9. LIABILITY EXCLUSIONWe are not in a position to ensure that you observe our instructions regarding ins- tallation of the PowerBox Evolution, fulfil the recommended conditions when using the backer, or maintain the entire radio control system competently.For this reason we deny liability for loss, damage or costs which arise due to the use or operation of the PowerBox Evolution or which are connected with such use in any way. Regardless of the legal arguments employed, our obligation to pay compensation is limited to the invoice total of our products which were involved in the event, insofar as this is deemed legally permissible.We wish you every success using your new PowerBox Evolution! Donauwoerth, January 2021。
Thermo King TriPac Evolution产品说明书
Built on the industry-leading TriPac auxiliarypower unit (APU) and supported by theThermo King dealer network, the TriPacEvolution raises the bar even higher withunrivaled performance, low operating costs,easy operation and true peace of mind.The TriPac Evolution was not only designed tomeet Tier IV EPA final regulation requirements;it was designed to respond to and anticipate evolving customer needs by leveraging newpatented technologies that drive unit efficiencyand user productivity. Its performance is uncompromised. The operational savings are real.MAXIMUMDRIVER COMFORTDrivers spend long days away from home on the road, and a comfortable sleeper is important for well-rested and safe drivers. The TriPac Evolution brings the comforts of home to wherever home is for the night: virtually unlimited cooling and heating andthe power to run the appliances and devices drivers require.For fleets, attracting and retaining the best drivers is a challenge, and offering TriPac Evolution APUs can be a key recruitment and retention tool. There’s a reason why drivers ask for TriPac Evolution by name!SERIOUSFUEL SAVINGSNo matter the current price, fuel costsrepresent a significant portion of youroperating expenses. Adding the TriPacEvolution will significantly reduce yourfuel consumption - by up to 2,500 gallonsper year.* The TriPac Evolution: cashflow positive from the beginning!REDUCEDTRACTOR IDLINGIdling the tractor engine to provide cabpower causes excessive engine wearand run time, increases maintenancecosts, may lower the residual value ofthe tractor, and releases unnecessaryemissions into the environment. Addingan APU, like the TriPac Evolution,virtually eliminates tractor engineidling, putting more money back inyour pocket.* Based on actual customer experiences. Reduced costsexperienced by individual customers will vary.The TriPac Evolution heater is typically installed in the cargo compartment.UNRIVALED PERFORMANCEWith virtually unlimited heating and cooling and a new control system to accurately diagnose issues, the TriPac Evolution’s performance is industry-leading. The control system is flash-loadable and includes a data logger. Diagnostics are improved with 22 alarm codes, and the charging system has been enhanced with amperage-based decision making. The new system gives flexibility to users, allowing customers to focus on fuel consumption, driver comfort or battery life to enhance their needs as appropriate.EASY OPERATIONOperating the TriPac Evolution is easy. By moving to a three-knob design that aligns with automotive architecture, the need for in-depth operator training has been eliminated.PEACE OF MINDThermo King is the only APU manufacturer to offer nationwide 24/7 service through its world class dealer network. The TriPac Evolution unit’s reliability is built on over 160,000 units of experience. The peace of mind offered is priceless.GREATER FUEL SAVINGSProgrammable settings within the controller means the TriPac Evolution doesn’t heat or cool the cab during out-of-service days; it simply monitors and maintains battery voltage and engine coolant temperatures so that the tractor starts dependably.CHOOSE THE NUMBER ONE APUIN THE INDUSTRYHMI controller is installed in the cab.DATA LOGGERWith 22 alarm codes for improved diagnostics and maintenance cost savings.SIMPLE HMIEasy-to-use HMI reduces the need for driver training.FLASH LOADABLEBoth controller and HMI are flash-loadable to allow for future upgrades without new hardware.CONFIGURABLE, EASY-TO-USEIN-CAB CONTROLLERPROGRAMMABLE TEMPERATURE CONTROLSet your desired temperature and the system will automaticallymaintain the desired setting.ADVANCED RANGE OF PROGRAMMABLE FEATURESOptimize performance and driver comfort for yourbusiness needs.THE TriPac EVOLUTION:CASHFLOW-POSITIVE FROM MONTH ONETractor TriPac Savings Per Tractor TriPac Savings PerTractor TriPac Savings Per Idling Evolution Month Idling Evolution MonthIdling Evolution Month3,000 $500 $72 $428 $625 $108 $642 2,500 417 60 357 521 75 90 535 2,000 333 48 60 72 428 1,500 250 36 268 375 54 321 1,000 167 24 178 250 36 214 500 83 12 89 125 18 107$2.00 A GALLON$2.50 A GALLON$3.00 A GALLONDIESEL-FIRED HEATER TheTriPac Evolution is paired with a diesel fired heater making the Evolution the most operationally efficient APU on the market.TRACTOR IDLING ASSUMPTIONSAnnual Miles.................100,000Idling Fuel Cost .............1.0 gphTriPac EVOLUTION ASSUMPTIONSYour Idling Hours AnnuallyCooling 60% 0.2*% per year gphHeating 40% 0.06*Find your cost per month savings with TriPac Evolution (based onfuel consumption only). Does not include fuel savings from start/stop off time.*Fuel consumption will vary based on ambient temperature and tractor cab insulation characteristics.EXAMPLE: If you idle 2,500 hoursper year with a fuel price of $2.50 per gallon, you can save up to $446 per month on fuel alone with TriPac Evolution!CUSTOM CONFIGURE YOUR TriPac EVOLUTION WITH A WIDE ARRAY OF OPTIONSBASE TriPac EVOLUTIONProvides sleeper and cab cooling/heating, battery charging with automatic voltage sensing and has auto start/stop for maximum fuel efficiency.• 2-cylinder, Tier IV final-compliant diesel engine • 13,000 BTU air conditioning system including compressor, evaporator, controller (systemcharged with R-134a at Thermo King dealership during installation)• 7,500 BTU fuel-powered heater • Single HVAC controller • 65-amp alternator• Thermo King DPF-compatibleThermoLite ®SOLAR PANELSThermoLite solar panels can deliver clean, reliable performance in a wide variety of applications, resulting in longer battery life, decreased waste, lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions.Given these potential benefits, ThermoLite solar panels can be an important part of a comprehensive sustainability program for your business.n DRIVER CONVENIENCE PACKAGE (073035)Includes 1,800 watt inverter and two receptacles. 120 ampalternator provides quicker battery charging under heavyaccessory loads. Ideal for supersized sleepers and drivers withheavy appliance usage during rest periods.n1,000 WATT PACKAGE (073003)n STAND-BY TRUCK INTEGRATION (073015)Provides seamless activation of the TriPac Evolution controlsystem based on tractor engine off/on indication.n STAND-BY TRUCK INTEGRATION WITHDASH-MOUNTED SELECTOR SWITCH (073016)Provides the driver the ability to place the TriPac Evolution in a non-start mode (used during tractor fueling,service situations or when exiting the tractor)from the driver’s seat.n DUAL REMOTE HOUR METER (005029)Provides separate heater and TriPac Evolution engine timetracking for accurate and effective preventive maintenance.Allows technician to access and record hours of operationwithout entering tractor cab.n REMOTE ENGINE HOUR METER (073022)Provides engine time tracking for accurate and effectivepreventive maintenance.n CLOSED LOOP COOLING (073026)Lets the TriPac Evolution run independently of tractorcoolant and allows “limp home” capabilityin case of tractor alternator failure.n DIESEL PARTICULATE FIL TER (DPF) (073027)Certified CARB-compliant for operationin the state of California. Standard mount.n HIGH OUTPUT AL TERNATOR (073023)120 amp power for quicker battery charging.n ARCTIC PACKAGE (073025)Monitors tractor engine coolant temperature and automatically starts the TriPac Evolution to heat the shared engine coolant.Reduces cold weather starting issues for the tractor even afterextended periods of no operation in cold temperatures.n APPEARANCE PACKAGE (073036)The diamond plate top cover dresses upany rig, moving or standing still.n BRUSHED STAINLESS STEELCONDENSER COVER (005011)Adds additional corrosion protectionas well as that finishing touch.n EXHAUST TUBE EXTENSION (073030)Extension for standard short tube exhaust pipe.n FLUSH MOUNT KITS(SEE DEALER FOR ORDERING INFORMATION)Special mounting kit which keeps the top of theunit flush with the top of the tractor frame rail.n HIGH OUTPUT HEATER (005018)With 13,600 BTUs of heat, this heater will keep you warmon the coldest of nights. With only slightly higher fuelconsumption than the standard heater, this option is popularwith drivers operating in the northern United Statesand in Canada.OPTION ORDERING GUIDEEXPERT SERVICE ANDSUPPORT ARE AS CLOSE AS THIS SIGN.THE ONLY APU AVAILABLE WITH THE SUPPORT OF NEARLY 200 FACTORY-AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTERS NATIONWIDECHOOSE TriPac EVOLUTION AND ENJOY THE SUPPORT OF THE THERMO KING DEALER NETWORK.2,000-HOUR MAINTENANCE INTERVALTriPac Evolution was designed with an unequaled 2,000-hour maintenance interval, allowing for maintenance to be performed typically only once per year, aligning better to the tractormaintenance schedule, saving time and eliminating additional downtime for APU maintenance.Actual maintenance intervals on the TriPac Evolution are even further extended when the auto start/stop function is taken into account. This feature turns the TriPac Evolution on only when needed, saving fuel and reducing the number of hours the unit runs compared to the competition.DESCRIPTIONThe TriPac Evolution provides truck engine preheating, battery charging, truck cab sleeper compartment climate control and electric power.ENGINEThermo King Tier IV final-compliant 2-cylinder diesel engine EVAPORATOR AIRFLOW3/minALTERNATOR14.5V, 65 amp14.5V, 120 amp (optional) REFRIGERANTHFC R-134a COMPRESSORThermo King QP15HDAir Conditioning CompressorAIR CONDITIONING CAPACITY*BTU/hr Watts13,000 3,810CONTROLSThe TriPac HMI Controller featuresa simple three-knob design for easyoperation.HEATING CAPACITYBTU/hr Watts7,500 2,20013,600 3,986 (optional)SYSTEM WEIGHT (APPROX.)WARRANTY SUMMARYTerms of the Thermo King LimitedExpress Warranty are available uponrequest.(599.44)25.8 (655.32)26.9 (607.06)(190.5)(563.88)13.0(330.2)12.2(309.88)21.7(551.18)9.3(236.22)CondenserEvaporator18.8(477.52)1938.。
上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题一、单项选择1．Learning that I couldn’t afford the rent, my boss ______ me a month’s salary.A．committed B．chopped C．charged D．advanced2．The court decided to ______ the charge against the suspect as no solid evidence was found against him.A．file B．answer C．drop D．assume 3．Businesses are pushing the government to pass new laws to ______ late payments of debts, a problem that has been threatening their financial stability.A．encounter B．counter C．expose D．facilitate4．It was the love and support of his family and friends that ______ him during his time in prison.A．sustained B．boosted C．accompanied D．emerged5．The world of advertising is obviously less ______ by convention than the world of banking, allowing for more innovation and experimentation.A．bound B．bordered C．boomed D．grasped 6．Believe it or not, newborns are able to ______ between a man’s and a woman’s voice.A．forecast B．discriminate C．integrate D．accommodate 7．To this day, Michael Jordan is regarded as one of the best basketball players ever to have______ the game, whose unmatched skill and exceptional sportsmanship inspire players and fans alike.A．drawn B．graced C．explored D．commanded 8．According to the analyst, ______ pricing allows greater pricing flexibility by taking into account real-time changes in consumer demand.A．domestic B．dynamic C．initial D．earnest9．The man arrived for the ceremony with old jackets and ______ jeans that the average person would save for mowing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.A．faded B．humble C．equivalent D．fine10．There is no quicker way to ______ a word to a respectable principle, system and movementthan to stick to the end of it the suffix “-ism”.A．coin B．exchange C．elevate D．confuse二、语法填空Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better.As a kid, I often had nosebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favorite. It didn’t stop me from wolfing them down 11 the dozen, however. After we settled in a suburb of Quebec City, lychees became harder to find, and thus an infrequent treat.12 I’ve grown older, my obsession with exotic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. 13 natural or genetically modified, beautiful or misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding of the world and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encountered every natural smell, a fruit named lulo appears at my favorite store. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavored gummy, it’s a scent so rare that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination 14 accept that it just happens to grow in some people’s backyards.There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert poem that has inhabited a corner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the soul ate; the way a child knows the world is by putting it part by part into his mouth.” I think of the line 15 I prepare to eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance to be reunited with my inner child, to be left wide-eyed as I get to know it, part by part. For me, the experience is no less expansive than seeing the ocean for the first time. You catch yourself 16 (wonder) what else this world has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable of.17 tasked with naming these fruits appear to be equally under a spell, producing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragon fruit.Most fruits I try only a couple of times, but there’s one to 18 I keep returning: the soursop (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wonderful combination of banana, strawberry and papaya. 19 (wait) just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, emitting a smellthat registers more like feet than fruit.This rapid decaying actually comforts me. An approaching expiration date is only encouragement 20 (taste) these joys as they come. We, too, will soon wake up and find our bodies softened and bruised. Will we have let our sweetest days go to waste?三、选词填空Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are 21 to existence.When one of these noneconomic categories is in 22 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with 23 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid.A 24 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 25 by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a benefit, real or 26 , to itself.Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 27 crops. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some havebeen found to have a valuable role in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 28 species and ground plants and animals is taken for granted.To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to ignore, and thus 29 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which are nevertheless essential to its healthy 30 .四、完形填空In praise of anxietyNobody likes to feel anxious. An entire industry has sprung up to aid us in eliminating it, from self-help books to cognitive behavioral therapy. Yet with rates of anxiety disorders rising sharply worldwide, it seems that our efforts to 31 anxiety aren’t working.But feeling anxious isn’t the problem. The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond 32 to anxiety. This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure of mental health. It’s a victory of human 33 , a response emerging with our ability to cope with the uncertain future. It was Charles Darwin who saw that 34 emotions like anxiety offers a profound evolutionary advantage. Fear, 35 , signals that you may be in danger — from a predator or a bully — and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with 36 threats. 37 , it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead. Will you succeed or fail in a big job interview? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into 38 . Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp, prepared to pursue your goals.Over the years, research has also shown higher levels of dopamine when we’re anxious. We have long known dopamine increases when an experience is pleasurable and also in anticipation of 39 . The fact that anxiety also boosts dopamine levels points to its role in making positive possibilities into reality.Sadly, many of us feel overwhelmed by lasting anxiety and don’t see any 40from it. We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. But treating anxiety as a disease prevents us from telling ordinary anxiety from anxiety disorders, and creates huge 41 costs when it comes to using anxiety to our benefit.Here’s the difference between anxiety and an anxiety disorder: a disorder is only diagnosed when our ways of coping with anxiety disturb our ability to function normally in life. These problematic ways usually involve 42 , like never leaving a house because we fear a negative evaluation, or taking drugs to dull our emotional pain. They also involve the belief that we can’t cope with anxiety. Countless research shows when we instead are curious about our negative emotions, and learn to name them and 43 them, they become more manageable.Therefore, we need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion. Reframing anxiety as a(n) 44 and a valued part of being human isn’t easy. It takes practice and it doesn’t mean anxiety becomes enjoyable. Anxiety can’t do its job unless it makes us 45 , forcing us to sit up and pay attention. We don’t need to like anxiety — just to use it in the right way.31．A．contain B．understand C．express D．appreciate 32．A．rapidly B．naturally C．constructively D．cautiously 33．A．behavior B．experience C．intelligence D．evolution 34．A．intense B．unpleasant C．conflicting D．real35．A．in general B．on the other hand C．for example D．in other words 36．A．immediate B．constant C．potential D．deadly 37．A．Consequently B．However C．Moreover D．Rather 38．A．reality B．decision C．wonder D．action 39．A．requirements B．changes C．rewards D．threats 40．A．solution B．benefit C．difference D．lesson 41．A．opportunity B．labor C．unexpected D．extra 42．A．panic B．avoidance C．addiction D．absence 43．A．make sense of B．do away with C．take refuge in D．make up for 44．A．cure B．praise C．edge D．emotion 45．A．fascinated B．patient C．calm D．uncomfortable五、阅读理解Not long ago I joined in a forum on the role of the American press. The purpose of the forum, as I understood it, was to examine the responsibilities of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those responsibilities.During the open-discussion period, a gentleman addressed a question to a distinguished anchorman. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? The anchorman reacted as if he had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen, he said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating or modifying it.It didn’t seem to me that he had answered the question. The gentleman was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition — the way newsmen and newswomen are accustomed to responding to daily events?Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news for this is where the problem begins. News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain…Focusing only on these details, however, produces a misshapen picture. Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its disasters. The most important ingredient in any civilization is progress. But progress is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better.It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism, which in themselves tend to prevent progress. A persistent diet of eruptive news drains the essential human energies a free society needs.I am not suggesting “positive” news be designed as a countermeasure to the disasters on page one. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events whether or not they come under the heading ofconflicts or disasters. The world is a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and both call for attention and examination.The anchorman was right in saying newsmen were not responsible for shaping the world, but they are responsible for affecting our attitude. News people provide us with the only picture of ourselves and the world. It had better be a true portrait-and not a caricature (漫画)— for it’s this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future.46．The author learned from the forum that ______.A．the public tended to blame newsmen for reporting only bad newsB．there were concerns about the media’s too much focus on bad newsC．the American press failed to deliver on its promise to reform the mediaD．the public expected factual and unmodified news reports from newsmen47．What does the author suggest is the primary reason for the dominance of negative news coverage?A．The news media works on the principle that all news is bad news.B．News reporters are professionally trained to report daily disasters.C．News traditionally refers to events that occur suddenly within a day.D．Reporting only tragic events may blind the public to social progress.48．Which of the following statements might the author agree with?A．News reporters should give their attention to a wider range of important issues.B．The conflicts and disasters cause public despair and rob society of human energy.C．Newsmen are duty-bound to create more positive news to fight against disasters.D．Newsmen can strive to find a balanced portrayal of events to shape the world. 49．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Why is all news bad news?B．Where is the news leading us?C．Why is it time to create more positive news?D．How can the news media thrive against all odds?Below are three sports documentaries that make perfect viewing for fans of sporting drama.No 1. Formula 1: Drive to surviveThe world’s hottest sport was barely on the radar of most Americans — and then Drive to Survive arrived. Since its first release, the series has been credited for the surprising rise in popularity of the European racing association, Formula 1.Over six seasons, it has taken fans inside every team and shown the lives and preparation of the owners, managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamilton, whose headline-making race for the 2021 title was at the center of Season 4. The series’ success has also inspired similar shows for other sports looking to grab a bigger share of the global market.No 2. Race to the SummitThis climbing documentary records the race between two great climbers to secure the fastest time to conquer the Alps’ great north faces. As with all climbing documentaries, non-climbers will struggle to understand what drives a person to risk his life like this, but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedication to their sport needs no explanation. Viewers with fears of heights may want to steer clear, however: these shots are guaranteed to raise your heart rate and take your breath away.No 3. Slaying The BadgerThe 1986 Tour de France had a battle at its heart, one between the two fastest riders in the game. As defending champion, Bernard ‘The Badger’ was the home hero, a serious Frenchman who was no stranger to challenges. The competitor was his opposite in personality: the sunny American rider LeMond, whose openness couldn’t conceal a strong determination to become the first non-European to win the race. The only trouble was that the pair were members of the sameteam. This documentary is a fascinating study of the two impulses of professional road cycling — individual glory versus team duty. And LeMond, who had played the role of dutiful assistant the previous year, believed it was his turn to try the winner’s yellow jersey for size.50．What can we learn about the documentary Formula 1: Drive to survive?A．It improves Formula 1’s global viewership, particularly in Europe.B．It offers fans chances to go behind the scenes of Formula 1 racing.C．It leads to the rise of Lewis Hamilton as a world-famous sports star.D．It helps other similar sports enjoy a larger slice of the global market.51．Which of the following information about Race to the Summit might be CORRECT?A．The film is intended for non-climbers who want to learn about climbing.B．The race between the climbers overshadows the scenic beauty of the Alps.C．The film features splendid mountain views and thrilling scenes of climbing.D．The film details the reasons behind climbers’ pursuit of extreme climbing.52．What major theme does Slaying The Badger explore?A．The success story of a young cyclist defeating the defending champion.B．The dominance of Europeans in road cycling and the challenges they face.C．The challenge of balancing personal attainments with collective responsibilities.D．The fierce battle between top riders of different personalities from different teams.The recent trust crisis has led many scientists to take up arms to defend their enterprise, but in their attempt to fight back against various forms of science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true - and you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.One popular move is to insist that science is right - full stop - and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such truths is ignorant. Or, as Nobel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus (共识), it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, no. Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method”. But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experiment to test hypotheses (假设). Recently some prominent scientists claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not, and vice versa.Each of these commonly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular scientific method is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests of significance, have been developed with the idea of avoiding wishful thinking and self-deception, but that hardly constitutes “the scientific method”. Scientists have bitterly argued about which methods are the best, and, as we all know, bitter arguments rarely get resolved.In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is dumb. Science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and portray the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. Understanding the beautiful, complex world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is both its own reward and why taxpayers should be happy to fund research.Scientific theories are not perfect copies of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.53．The quote from Steven Weinberg is intended to ______.A．illustrate that scientific theories are free from cultural influencesB．stress what was believed to be true may turn out to be false theoriesC．show even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the history of scienceD．serve as an example of the belief that science produces permanent truths54．What can be learned from all the popular opinions on “the scientific method” mentioned in thepassage?A．One way to make scientific discovery is doing experiments to observe and describe the world.B．Some hold the scientific method focuses on proving hypotheses correct throughexperiments.C．Some suggest employing the scientific method to avoid self-deception in scientific inquiry.D．The scientific method has evolved over time and varied across scientific disciplines. 55．The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.A．fail to achieve a goal B．lie on one’s backC．fall behind the times D．rise to challenges56．Which of the following statements does the author probably agree with?A．It’s pointless to agree on a single scientific method as science is right in itself.B．Science can’t supply absolute truths about the real world, but it brings us closer.C．Reflection on the history of science may help scientists restore public trust in science.D．Making scientific theories easily understandable is the biggest challenge for scientists.What happened to the noble art of the manly cry?One of our most firmly established ideas of masculinity (男子汉气概) is that men don’t cry. Although he might shed bitter tears at a funeral, a real man is expected to quickly regain control. Crying openly is for girls.57 One study found woman report crying five times more often than men do. So it’s perhaps surprising to learn that the gender gap in crying seems to be a recent development. Historically, men routinely wept. In documents of the Middle Ages, we find ambassadors bursting into tears when addressing the king; in medieval romances, knights cried because they missed their girlfriends. There’s no mention of men trying to hold back their tears.So where did all the male tears go? There was no anti-crying movement. No leaders of church or state introduced measures to discourage them. 58 From there, it was a short leap to the poker-faced heroes of Ernest Hemingway, who couldn’t express their grief by any means but drinking and shooting buffalo.The most obvious possibility is that this shift is the result of changes that took place as wemoved from an agricultural society to one that was urban and industrial. In the Middle Ages, a typical village had only a small number of inhabitants related by blood or marriage. 59 But from the 18th century, the population became increasingly urbanized, and people were living amid thousands of strangers. Furthermore, changes in the economy required men to work together in factories and offices where emotional expression was discouraged as time-wasting.60 There’s reason to believe that holding back tears can be harmful to your well-being. Research has suggested a link between stress-related illness and inadequate crying. So it might be better to return to the free-flowing tears of the past. When misfortune strikes, feel free to cry until our sleeves are soaked. As the Old Testament has it: “They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.”A．Nevertheless, by the Romantic period, masculine tears were reserved for poets.B．So it’s time for men to give up being stone-faced and open the floodgates.C．If men cried, they did so with people who would empathize.D．Nor did their companions make fun of this public crying.E．Yet human beings weren’t designed to swallow their emotions.F．This isn’t just a social expectation; it’s a scientific fact.六、书面表达61．Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The long and winding careerAcross the developed world, the workforce now comes in various shades of grey. Since2008, the average labor-force participation rate of 55-to 64-year-olds in developed countries has risen by eight percentage points.Many people will be more than happy to work longer. A recent survey of 1, 000 British retired people found that a quarter thought they had stopped too early. It doesn’t mean retirement loses its appeal. Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning commute. On a hot summer’s day, you can enjoy the sunshine; on a winter’s day, you can avoid the cold and rain. No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email obsessively.But work has many benefits. As the survey reveals, it gives people a purpose in life. The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but boredom is bound to follow. Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly fall through. Furthermore, the friendship of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness.Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to quit. Companies have been phasing out pensions linked to final salaries and workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be reinvested. The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates. Therefore, they need to keep working.However, employers may be held back. One in three 55-to 65-year-olds in developed countries either lacks computer experience or cannot pass technology tests. Such deficits can be tackled with proper training, organized by the government or by companies themselves so that the over-55s can become silver surfers as their livelihood may depend on that._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________七、翻译62．我刚刚冲出教室，这时脚下一滑，重重地摔了一跤。
雪佛龙(加德士)与主要竞争对手产品对应表
雪佛龙（加德士）润滑油与主要竞争竞争品牌竞争产品规格BP BP AUTRAN 10 COMPETITORBP BP AUTRAN 30BP BP AUTRAN 50BP BP AUTRAN DX IIIBP BP AUTRAN MBXBP BP AUTRAN MT 75BP BP BARTRAN 32BP BP BARTRAN 46BP BP BARTRAN 68BP BP BIOHYD SE 46BP BP BP ANTIFREEZEBP BP ENERGEAR EP 80WBP BP ENERGEAR EP 80W-90BP BP ENERGEAR EP 90BP BP ENERGEAR HT 80W-90BP BP ENERGEAR HYPO 75W-90BP BP ENERGEAR HYPO 80W-90BP BP ENERGEAR HYPO 85W-140BP BP ENERGEAR HYPO 90BP BP ENERGEAR LIMSLIP 90BP BP ENERGEAR SHX-MBP BP ENERGOL CS 100BP BP ENERGOL CS 150BP BP ENERGOL CS 22BP BP ENERGOL CS 460BP BP ENERGOL CS 68BP BP ENERGOL DCWBP BP ENERGOL GHL 68BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 100BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 150BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 220BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 320BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 460BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 68BP BP ENERGOL GRXP 680BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM 10BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM 100BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM 32BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM 46BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM 68BP BP ENERGOL HLP-HM BLUEBP BP ENERGOL HP 0BP BP ENERGOL HP 5BP BP ENERGOL HPDX 40BP BP ENERGOL JS-A BP BP ENERGOL LPT 32 BP BP ENERGOL LPT 68 BP BP ENERGOL LPT-F 32 BP BP ENERGOL RC 100 BP BP ENERGOL RC 68 BP BP ENERGOL RC-R 32 BP BP ENERGOL RC-R 46 BP BP ENERGOL THB 32 BP BP ENERGOL THB 46 BP ENERGOL THB 68BP ENERGOL TH-HT 32 BP ENERGOL TH-HT 46 BP ENERGOL TH-HT 68 BP ENERGOL WM 2BP ENERGOL WM 6BP ENERGREASE L21M BP ENERGREASE LC 2BP ENERGREASE LCX 222 BP ENERGREASE LS 2BP ENERGREASE LS 3BP ENERGREASE LS-EP 00 BP ENERGREASE LS-EP 1 BP ENERGREASE LS-EP 2 BP ENERGREASE LS-EP 3 BP ENERGREASE MM-EP 0 BP ENERGREASE MM-EP 1 BP ENERGREASE MM-EP 2 BP ENERGREASE PR 2BP ENERGREASE ZS 00 BP ENERSYN EP - XF 150 BP ENERSYN EP - XF 220 BP ENERSYN EP - XF 320 BP ENERSYN EP - XF 460 BP ENERSYN EP - XF 680 BP ENERSYN EPX 320BP ENERSYN HTX 220BP ENERSYN HTX 320BP ENERSYN RC-S 46BP ENERSYN RC-S 68BP ENERSYN RX 100BP ENERSYN SF-C 14BP ENERSYN SF-C 15BP ENERSYN SG 150BP ENERSYN SG-XP 150 BP ENERSYN SG-XP 220 BP ENERSYN SG-XP 460BP ENERSYN SG-XP 680BP FLUSHING OILBP MACCURAT D 100BP MACCURAT D 220BP MACCURAT D 68BP SUPER 2 - STROKEBP TERRAC15W-30BP TERRAC ADVANCED MOTOR BP TERRAC EXTRABP TERRAC SUPER GEAR 85W-140 BP TERRAC SUPER GEAR GL-5BP TERRAC SUPER HYDRAULIC BP TERRAC SUPER MOTOR 15W-40 BP TERRAC SUPER TRANSMISSION BP TERRAC SUPER TRANSMISSION S BP TERRAC SUPER UNIVERSAL 10W-30 BP TERRAC UNIVERSAL 15W-30 BP TRACTRAN 8BP TRACTRAN 9BP TRANSCAL NBP TURBINOL 32BP TURBINOL 46BP TURBINOL 68BP VANELLUS C3 20WBP VANELLUS C3 30BP VANELLUS C3 40BP VANELLUS C4 GLOBALBP VANELLUS C5 GLOBALBP VANELLUS C6 GLOBALBP VANELLUS C6 GLOBAL PLUS BP VANELLUS C7 GLOBAL 15W-40 BP VANELLUS DD40BP VANELLUS E6BP VANELLUS E6 PLUSBP VANELLUS E7 LE 10W-40BP VANELLUS E7 PLUSBP VANELLUS ECO LOW SAPSBP VANELLUS MBP VANNELUS C3 10WBP VISCO 2000BP VISCO 3000BP VISCO 5000 5W-40BP VISCO 5000 FEBP VISCO 7000 0W-40BP VISCO 7000 FE 0W-30BP VISCO 7000 LONGLIFE IIBP VISCO 7000 SPORT 5W-40BP VISCO 7000 TURBO DIESEL BP VISCO DIESEL CASTROL 778 CASTROL ACL 000 GREASE CASTROL AGRI GEAR PLUS GL-4 CASTROL AGRI GEAR PLUS GL-5 CASTROL AIRCOL MR 46 CASTROL AIRCOL PD 100 CASTROL AIRCOL PD 150 CASTROL AIRCOL PD 32 CASTROL AIRCOL PD 46 CASTROL AIRCOL PD 68 CASTROL AIRCOL SN 100 CASTROL ALPHA SP 100 CASTROL ALPHA SP 1000 CASTROL ALPHA SP 150 CASTROL ALPHA SP 220 CASTROL ALPHA SP 320 CASTROL ALPHA SP 460 CASTROL ALPHA SP 68 CASTROL ALPHA SP 680 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 100 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 150 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 220 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 320 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 460 CASTROL ALPHA ZN 68 CASTROL ALPHASYN EP 150 CASTROL ALPHASYN EP 220 CASTROL ALPHASYN EP 320 CASTROL ALPHASYN PG 150 CASTROL ALPHASYN PG 220 CASTROL ALPHASYN PG 320 CASTROL ALPHASYN PG 460 CASTROL ANVOL WG 46 CASTROL ASSURON MAX CASTROL ASSURON PLUS CASTROL ASSURON T MAX CASTROL ASSURON T PLUS 10W CASTROL ASSURON T PLUS 20W CASTROL ASSURON T PLUS 30 CASTROL ASSURON T PLUS 40 CASTROL CLS GREASE CASTROL CRESTA DCX 150 CASTROL CRESTA DCX 220 CASTROL CRESTA DCX 320 CASTROL CRESTA VCASTROL CRX 10W-30 CASTROL DD 40 CASTROL DYNAMAX CASTROL EDGE 5W-30 CASTROL EDGE TURBO DIESEL 5W-40 CASTROL ENDURON 10W-40 CASTROL ENDURON EURO 4 10W-40 CASTROL ENDURON LOW SAPS 10W-40 CASTROL ENDURON PLUS 5W-40 CASTROL EP 90CASTROL EP140 CASTROL EP80CASTROL EPX 75W-80W CASTROL EPX 80W-90 CASTROL EPX 85W-140 CASTROL FMT MANUAL TRANS FLUID CASTROL GTD MAGNATEC 10W-40 CASTROL GTD MAGNATEC 5W-40 CASTROL GTX5W-30 CASTROL GTX 10W-40 CASTROL GTX MAGNATEC 5W-40 CASTROL HEAVY GREASE CASTROL HYPOY LS CASTROL HYSPIN AWH-M 100 CASTROL HYSPIN AWH-M 15 CASTROL HYSPIN AWH-M 32 CASTROL HYSPIN AWH-M 46 CASTROL HYSPIN AWH-M 68 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 10 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 100 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 15 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 150 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 32 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 46 CASTROL HYSPIN AWS 68 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 10 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 100 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 150 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 32 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 46 CASTROL HYSPIN VG 68 CASTROL HYSPIN ZZ 32 CASTROL HYSPIN ZZ 46 CASTROL HYSPIN ZZ 68 CASTROL ICEMATIC 266 CASTROL ICEMATIC 66 CASTROL ICEMATIC 99CASTROL IMPERVIA MMO CASTROL INSULATING OIL CLASS 1 CASTROL LM GREASE CASTROL LMX GREASE CASTROL MAGNA BD 68 CASTROL MAGNA BDX 68 CASTROL MAGNA CF 220 CASTROL MAGNA CFX CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 10 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 100 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 150 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 2 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 22 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 220 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 32 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 320 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 46 CASTROL MAGNA LUBRICATING OIL 68 CASTROL MAGNA PM 100 CASTROL MAGNAGLIDE D 220 CASTROL MAGNAGLIDE D 68 CASTROL MAGNATEC 10W-40 CASTROL MEDIUM GREASE CASTROL MG 15W-40 CASTROL MG SUPER CASTROL MOLY GREASE CASTROL MULTIPLANT CASTROL PERFECTO AWT 32 CASTROL PERFECTO AWT 46 CASTROL PERFECTO HPG 32 CASTROL PERFECTO HPG 46 CASTROL PERFECTO HPT 32 CASTROL PERFECTO HPT 46 CASTROL PERFECTO LIGHT CASTROL PERFORMANCE A1 CASTROL PSG-ECASTROL PUREMOR WOT 14 CASTROL PUREMOR WOT 16 CASTROL PUREMOR WOT 65 CASTROL PYROPLEX RED CASTROL RESPONSE DOT 4 CASTROL RUS-X 40 CASTROL RX 10CASTROL RX 15W-40 CASTROL RX 20CASTROL RX 30CASTROL RX SUPER 15W-40 CASTROL RX SUPER MAX CASTROL RX SUPER PLUS 15W-40 CASTROL SLX LONGLIFE III 5W-30 CASTROL SMX 80W-90 CASTROL SMX 80W-90 CASTROL SPHEEROL AP2 CASTROL SPHEEROL AP3 CASTROL SPHEEROL APT2 CASTROL SPHEEROL EPL 0 CASTROL SPHEEROL EPL 00 CASTROL SPHEEROL EPL 1 CASTROL SPHEEROL L-EP 2 CASTROL SPHEEROL LMM CASTROL SPHEEROL M2 CASTROL SPHEEROL MP2 CASTROL SPHEEROL MP3 CASTROL SPHEEROL SX2 CASTROL ST 90 CASTROL SUPER TT CASTROL SYNTRAX UNIVERSAL CASTROL SYNTRUCK 5W-40 CASTROL TAF-X CASTROL TAF-X CASTROL TECTION 15W-40 CASTROL TECTION EURO 4 15W-40 CASTROL TECTION T CASTROL TFC-4 10 CASTROL TFC-4 30 CASTROL TFC-4 50 CASTROL TQ-D CASTROL TQF CASTROL TRANSMAX M CASTROL TURBOMAX CASTROL TURBOMAX 15W-40 CASTROL TXT 505.01 CASTROL TXT LL 04 5W-30 CASTROL VACUUM PUMP OIL C CASTROL VACUUM PUMP OIL H CASTROL VETA BS 100 CASTROL VETA BS 32 CASTROL VETA BS 46 CASTROL VETA BS 68 CASTROL VITALUBE RA CASTROL WBL ELF 2 STROKE OILELF 310ELF ALBELF C15ELF ALBELF C68ELF ALBELF EB 15ELF COMPETITION ST 10W-40 ELF CYLELF 1000ELF DACNIS P 100ELF DACNIS P 32ELF DACNIS P 46ELF DACNIS P 68ELF DISAL FLEET 15W-40 ELF DISAL SHPDELF ELFMATIC EELF ELFMATIC FELF ELFMATIC G3ELF ELFOLNA HM 10ELF ELFONA HM 100ELF ELFONA HM 15ELF ELFONA HM 150ELF ELFONA HM 32ELF ELFONA HM 46ELF ELFONA HM 68ELF ELFRIMA FR 68ELF ELITE 20W-50ELF ELITE DIESEL TURBO 15W-40 ELF ELITE FC 5W-30ELF ELITE PREMIER 10W-30 ELF ELITE PREMIER 10W-40 ELF ELITE PREMIER 15W-40 ELF ELITE PREMIER PLUS 10W-40 ELF EP GREASE 0ELF EP GREASE 00ELF EP GREASE 000ELF EP GREASE 2ELF EVOLUTION CRV 0W-30 ELF EXCELLIUM DID 5W-40 ELF EXCELLIUM LDX 5W-40 ELF EXCELLIUM NF 5W-40 ELF EXCELLIUM XLL 5W-40 ELF FORESTIEREELF FRELUB 650ELF FRIGA 32ELF FRIGA 68ELF GIRELF 90ELF HT IIIELF HYDRAULIC OIL 32ELF HYDRAULIC OIL 46ELF HYDRAULIC OIL 68ELF HYDRELF BIO 46ELF HYDRELF HV 32ELF HYDRELF HV 46ELF HYDRELF HV 68ELF HYGLISSELF INSULOLELF MILKING MACHINE OILELF MOGLIA 220ELF MOGLIA 68ELF MOVIXA 100ELF MOVIXA 150ELF MOVIXA 22ELF MOVIXA 3ELF MOVIXA 68ELF MULTIGRADE SPECIAL 15W-40 ELF MULTIGREASE MULTI 1ELF MULTIGREASE MULTI 2ELF MULTIGREASE MULTI 3ELF MULTIGREASE MULTI MOS2 ELF MULTIMOTIVE GB2ELF MULTIPLEX EP2ELF PERFORMANCE EXPERTY 10W-40 ELF PERFORMANCE EXPERTY LSX ELF PERFORMANCE SUPER D 15W-40 ELF PERFORMANCE TROPHY DX 15W-40 ELF PERFORMANCE VICTORY 15W-40 ELF PF 46 HYDRAULIC FLUIDELF PRESTIGE DIESEL TELF PRESTIGE RELF PYRELF CM 46ELF REDUCTELF SP 100ELF REDUCTELF SP 150ELF REDUCTELF SP 220ELF REDUCTELF SP 320ELF REDUCTELF SP 460ELF REDUCTELF SP 68ELF REDUCTELF SP 680ELF SOLARIS LLX 5W-30ELF SOLARIS LSX 5W-30ELF SOLARIS RNX 5W-30ELF SPORTI TXI 15W-40ELF SUPAGRADE 20W-50ELF SUPER DISAL 15W-40ELF TECNIC 3000 15W-40ELF TECNIC 3500 15W-40ELF TECNIC 4000 15W-40ELF TECNIC DD40ELF TECNIC RLDELF TECNIC SUPER 15W-40ELF TECNIC TIR 10WELF TECNIC TIR 15W-40ELF TECNIC TIR 20W-20ELF TECNIC TIR 30ELF THERMELF 32HTELF THERMELF ETA 32ELF TRACTELF BF80ELF TRACTELF SF3ELF TRACTORELF 2000ELF TRACTORELF MULTIGRADE 10W-30 ELF TRACTORELF MULTIGRADE 15W-40 ELF TRACTORELF STOUELF TRANSELF 80W-90 LSELF TRANSELF B 75W-90ELF TRANSELF B 80WELF TRANSELF B 80W-90ELF TRANSELF B 85W-140ELF TRANSELF B 90ELF TRANSELF EP 75W-90ELF TRANSELF EP 80WELF TRANSELF EP 80W-90ELF TRANSELF KTR4 30ELF TRANSELF KTR4 50ELF TRANSELF SYNTHESE FE 75W-90 ELF TRANSELF TRP 75W-80WELF TRANSELF TRX 75W-80WELF TRANSELF TRX 80WELF TRANS-O-MATICELF TURBELF SA 32ELF TURBELF SA 46ELF TURBELF SA 68ELF TURBO DIESEL 10W-40ELF ULTIMATE 5W-40ELF UNIVERSAL ANTIFREEZE ESSO 4T SYNTHETIC 10W-40 ESSO AROX EP 100ESSO ATF D 2ESSO ATF D 3ESSO ATF DEXRON II QUALIFIED ESSO ATF F 30320ESSO ATF TYPE GESSO BEACON 2ESSO BEACON 3ESSO BEACON EP 0ESSO BEACON EP 2ESSO CANTHUS 1000 ESSO CAZAR K 2ESSO DIOL 13 RD 40ESSO ENMIST EP 100 ESSO ENMIST EP 150 ESSO ENMIST EP 220 ESSO ENMIST EP 320 ESSO ESSOLUBE HDX 20W ESSO ESSOLUBE HDX 40 ESSO ESSOLUBE HDX PLUS 20W ESSO ESSOLUBE HDX PLUS 20W-50 ESSO ESSOLUBE HDX PLUS 30 ESSO ESSOLUBE HYDRAULIC 10W ESSO ESSOLUBE MHX 15W-40 ESSO ESSOLUBE X 201 10W ESSO ESSOLUBE X 201 20W ESSO ESSOLUBE X 201 30 ESSO ESSOLUBE X 201 40 ESSO ESSOLUBE X 202 40 ESSO ESSOLUBE X 301 10W ESSO ESSOLUBE X 301 20W ESSO ESSOLUBE X 301 30 ESSO ESSOLUBE X 301 40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XD-3 10W ESSO ESSOLUBE XD-3 20W ESSO ESSOLUBE XD-3 30 ESSO ESSOLUBE XD-3 40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XT 2 15W-40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XT 201 15W-40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XT 301 15W-40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XT 401 15W-40 ESSO ESSOLUBE XTS 501 10W-40 ESSO ESSOTHERM 300 ESSO ESSOTHERM 500 ESSO EXXCOLUB 100 ESSO EXXCOLUB 32ESSO EXXCOLUB 46ESSO EXXCOLUB 68ESSO FEBIS K 220ESSO FEBIS K 68ESSO FIREXX HF-CESSO GEAR OIL GP 80W ESSO GEAR OIL GP 80W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL GP D 80W ESSO GEAR OIL GP D 85W-90ESSO GEAR OIL GX 85W-140 ESSO GEAR OIL GX 85W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL GX D 85W-140 ESSO GEAR OIL GX D 85W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL GX SYNTHETIC 75W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL LSA 85W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL RX 85W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL ST 90ESSO GEAR OIL TDL 75W-90 ESSO GEAR OIL TDL 80W-90 ESSO GREASE TCL 435ESSO HIGH SPEED COUPLING GREASE ESSO LIDOK EP 0ESSO LIDOK EP 2ESSO LIDOK EP 000ESSO LIDOK EP 1ESSO LIDOK EP 2 MOLYESSO NEBULA EP 2ESSO NURAY 100ESSO NURAY 150ESSO NURAY 220ESSO NURAY 320ESSO NURAY 460ESSO NURAY 68ESSO NUTO 100ESSO NUTO 68ESSO NUTO H 10ESSO NUTO H 100ESSO NUTO H 15ESSO NUTO H 150ESSO NUTO H 32ESSO NUTO H 46ESSO NUTO H 68ESSO NUTO HP 32ESSO NUTO HP 46ESSO NUTO HP 68ESSO RONEX EXTRA DUTY 1 ESSO ROXTONE VK 220ESSO SPARTAN EP 100ESSO SPARTAN EP 150ESSO SPARTAN EP 220ESSO SPARTAN EP 320ESSO SPARTAN EP 460ESSO SPARTAN EP 68ESSO SPARTAN EP 680ESSO SUPERFLOW 10W-40ESSO SYNESSTIC 100ESSO TERESSO 100ESSO TERESSO 150ESSO TERESSO 220ESSO TERESSO 32ESSO TERESSO 320ESSO TERESSO 46ESSO TERESSO 68ESSO TERESSTIC 32ESSO TERESSTIC 46ESSO TERESSTIC 68ESSO TERESSTIC T 32ESSO TERESSTIC T 46ESSO TERESSTIC T 68ESSO TORQUE FLUID 10ESSO TORQUE FLUID 30ESSO TORQUE FLUID 50ESSO TORQUE FLUID 56ESSO TORQUE FLUID 62ESSO ULTRA 10W-40ESSO ULTRA 5W-30ESSO ULTRA DIESEL 10W-40ESSO ULTRON 5W-40ESSO UNIFARM 10W-30ESSO UNIFLO 10W-40ESSO UNIFLO 15W-40ESSO UNIFLO DIESEL 15W-40ESSO UNIREX EP 1ESSO UNIREX EP 2ESSO UNIVERSAL LD 0W-30ESSO UNIVIS HEES 46 SYNTHETIC ESSO UNIVIS HVIESSO UNIVIS N 100ESSO UNIVIS N 15ESSO UNIVIS N 32ESSO UNIVIS N 46ESSO UNIVIS N 68ESSO ZERICE 68FUCHS AGRIFARM 10W-40 ENGINE OIL FUCHS AGRIFARM 4 STROKE 30 ENGINE OIL FUCHS AGRIFARM CHAINSAW OIL LIGHT FUCHS AGRIFARM CHAINSAW OIL MEDIUM FUCHS AGRIFARM MILKING MACHINE OIL FUCHS AGRIFARM MP GEAR OIL 80W-90 FUCHS AGRIFARM SUPER TRACTOR OIL FUCHS AGRIFARM SUPER TRACTOR OIL PLUSFUCHS AGRIFARM UNIVERSAL HYDRAULIC OIL FUCHS AGRIFARM WET BRAKE OIL FUCHS AQUACENT LIGHTFUCHS AQUACENT LT 68FUCHS BOA 80WFUCHS BOA 80W-90FUCHS BOA 90 EPFUCHS BOA SAE 80WFUCHS BOA SAE 90 LSFUCHS CENSO 0 GREASEFUCHS GEARTRAN 80WFUCHS GLYCENT 346FUCHS HYDRAULIC OIL SAE 10W-20 FUCHS LUPUS COMPLEX GREASEFUCHS LUPUS COMPLEX SPFUCHS P198FUCHS P79AFUCHS PLANTOFLUX 46 AT SFUCHS PLANTOSYN 46 HVIFUCHS PWLDFUCHS PWLLFUCHS PWLMFUCHS RENEP C 100FUCHS RENEP C 220FUCHS RENEP C 68FUCHS RENISO REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR RB 32 FUCHS RENISO REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR RB 68 FUCHS RENISO SP 32FUCHS RENISO SP 68FUCHS RENOFLUID TF 1500FUCHS RENOGEAR PG 150FUCHS RENOGEAR PG 220FUCHS RENOGEAR PG 320FUCHS RENOGEAR PG 460FUCHS RENOGEAR PGW 120FUCHS RENOGEAR SG 150FUCHS RENOGEAR SG 220FUCHS RENOGEAR SG 320FUCHS RENOGEAR V 100 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 150 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 220 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 320 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 460 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 68 EPFUCHS RENOGEAR V 680 EPFUCHS RENOLIN UNISYN CLP 680FUCHS RENOLIN AC 100FUCHS RENOLIN AC 32 FUCHS RENOLIN AC 46 FUCHS RENOLIN AC 68 FUCHS RENOLIN AF 32 FUCHS RENOLIN AF 46 FUCHS RENOLIN AF 68 FUCHS RENOLIN B 10 FUCHS RENOLIN B 15 FUCHS RENOLIN B 20 FUCHS RENOLIN B 3 FUCHS RENOLIN B 30 FUCHS RENOLIN B 4 FUCHS RENOLIN B 40 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 10 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 100 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 15 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 150 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 220 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 32 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 46 FUCHS RENOLIN CL 68 FUCHS RENOLIN ELTEC FUCHS RENOLIN GP 100 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 150 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 22 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 320 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 46 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 460 FUCHS RENOLIN GP 68 FUCHS RENOLIN HV 15 FUCHS RENOLIN HV 32 FUCHS RENOLIN HV 46 FUCHS RENOLIN HV 68 FUCHS RENOLIN HVZ 15 FUCHS RENOLIN HVZ 32 FUCHS RENOLIN HVZ 46 FUCHS RENOLIN HVZ 68 FUCHS RENOLIN MR 310 FUCHS RENOLIN PG 150 FUCHS RENOLIN PG 220 FUCHS RENOLIN PG 320 FUCHS RENOLIN PG 460 FUCHS RENOLIN PG 680 FUCHS RENOLIN PW 32 FUCHS RENOLIN PW 46 FUCHS RENOLIN PW 68FUCHS RENOLIN TL 100FUCHS RENOLIN TL 32FUCHS RENOLIN TL 46FUCHS RENOLIN TL 68FUCHS RENOLIN UNISYN CLP 150FUCHS RENOLIN UNISYN CLP 220FUCHS RENOLIN UNISYN CLP 320FUCHS RENOLIN ZAF 32BFUCHS RENOLIN ZAF 46BFUCHS RENOLIN ZAF 68BFUCHS RENOLIT AQUA 2FUCHS RENOLIT CXIFUCHS RENOLIT CXI 2FUCHS RENOLIT DURAPLEX EP 00FUCHS RENOLIT EP 0FUCHS RENOLIT EP 00FUCHS RENOLIT EP 000FUCHS RENOLIT EP 1FUCHS RENOLIT EP 2FUCHS RENOLIT EP LITH 00FUCHS RENOLIT EXTREME LOAD 2FUCHS RENOLIT LEP 2FUCHS RENOLIT LITMOL 2FUCHS RENOLIT LX-EP2FUCHS RENOLIT LZR 000FUCHS RENOLIT MO 2FUCHS RENOLIT MP 2FUCHS RENOLIT MP 3FUCHS RENOLIT SO-GF 0FUCHS RENOLIT SO-GF 00FUCHS RENOSAFE HFD-U 2368FUCHS S500FUCHS SILKOCHAIN CHAIN SAW LUBRICANT FUCHS SILKOLENE ARCTIC HIGH PERFORMANCE DE ICER FUCHS SILKOLENE ASHFORD 15W-40FUCHS SILKOLENE ASHFORD 40FUCHS SILKOLENE ASHFORD TXE 15W-40 FUCHS SILKOLENE ASHFORD TXE 20W-40 FUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 80W-140FUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 80W-90FUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 85W-140FUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 85W-90FUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 90 EPFUCHS SILKOLENE BOA 90 LSFUCHS SILKOLENE BOA SAE 80WFUCHS SILKOLENE GEARTRAN EP GEAR OIL 80WFUCHS SILKOLENE GEARTRAN EP GEAR OIL 80W-90 FUCHS SILKOLENE GEARTRAN EP GEAR OIL 90FUCHS SILKOLENE GEARTRAN MD 80W-90FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK 10FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK 20FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK 30FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK 40FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK EXTRA 10W-30 STOU FUCHS SILKOLENE HARDWICK UNIVERSAL SUPER TRACTOR OIL FUCHS SILKOLENE HARTINGTON ENGINE OIL 20 FUCHS SILKOLENE HARTINGTON ENGINE OIL 30 FUCHS SILKOLENE JD 303FUCHS SILKOLENE MP-ATFFUCHS SILKOLENE OSMASTON 90FUCHS SILKOLENE PERMAVISCO 10W-40FUCHS SILKOLENE PERMAVISCO 20W-50FUCHS SILKOLENE SCREENWASHFUCHS SILKOLENE SILKOLUBE SAE 20W-50FUCHS SILKOLENE TRANSMISSION FLUID E-85 GREEN FUCHS SILKOLENE TURBOLENE D 15W-40FUCHS SILKOLENE TURBOLENE D PLUSFUCHS SILKOLENE UNIVERSAL BRAKE / CLUTCH FLUID FUCHS SILKTRAN HD 10FUCHS SILKTRAN HD 30FUCHS SILKTRAN HD 50FUCHS SILKTRAN MP-ATFFUCHS SILKTRAN PSV ATFFUCHS SILKTRAN SYN 5 75W-90FUCHS TITAN ATF 3000FUCHS TITAN ATF 4000FUCHS TITAN CARGO MAXX 10W-40FUCHS TITAN CARGO MC 10W-40FUCHS TITAN CG4FUCHS TITAN CYTRAC HSY 75W-90FUCHS TITAN CYTRAC LD 75W-80FUCHS TITAN CYTRAC MB SYNTHFUCHS TITAN GEAR HYP 80W-90FUCHS TITAN GEAR HYP 85W-140FUCHS TITAN GEAR LS 90FUCHS TITAN GEAR MP 80FUCHS TITAN GT 1 5W-30FUCHS TITAN HD 10FUCHS TITAN HD 30FUCHS TITAN HD 50FUCHS TITAN HPE 15W-40FUCHS TITAN MARINE 30FUCHS TITAN SHD 15W-40FUCHS TITAN SUPER GEAR 80W-90 FUCHS TITAN SUPER GEAR MC 80W-90 FUCHS TITAN SUPERSYN SL 0W-30 FUCHS TITAN SUPERSYN SL 5W-40 FUCHS TITAN SUPERSYN SL LL 5W-30 FUCHS TITAN SUPERSYN SL OW-40 FUCHS TITAN TO-4 30FUCHS TITAN TO-4 50FUCHS TITAN TRUCK 15W-40FUCHS TITAN TRUCK PLUS 15W-40 FUCHS TITAN TXE 15W-40FUCHS TITAN TXE MONO 10WFUCHS TITAN TXE MONO 30FUCHS TITAN UNIC ULTRA MC 10W-40 FUCHS TITAN UNIVERSAL HD 1540 FUCHS TITAN UTTO ZFFUCHS TITAN XPD 15W-40FUCHS TITAN XPD PLUSFUCHS TITAN XTR 10W-40FUCHS TITAN XTR 5W-30FUCHS TRANSFLUID ATF GFUCHS TRANSFORMER AND SWITCH OIL BS 148 FUCHS TRANSFORMER OILFUCHS TRANSGEAR SSFUCHS TURBINE MARINE HYDRAULIC 32 FUCHS TURBINE MARINE HYDRAULIC 46 FUCHS TURBINE MARINE HYDRAULIC 68 FUCHS TURBOLENE DXFUCHS TURBOLENE HPE 15W-40FUCHS TURBOLENE XTR 2FUCHS UNIVERSAL 2 STROKE OIL MILLERS CFS 5W-40MILLERS CLASSIC DIFFERENTIAL OIL SAE 90 MILLERS CLASSIC GEARBOX OIL EP 80W-90 MILLERS CLASSIC RUNNING IN OIL 30 MILLERS CLASSIC SPORT TRANSMISSION OIL 80W-90 MILLERS CRX 80W-90MILLERS CRX LS 80W-90MILLERS CRX SYNTH 75W-90MILLERS CSS 10W-40MILLERS DELTA 00 EPMILLERS DELTA 000 EPMILLERS DELTA GBOMILLERS DELTA MP 1MILLERS DELTA MP 2MILLERS DELTAPLEX EP 2MILLERS EP 80W-90MILLERS GREEN GEAR OIL 90 MILLERS GUARDEINE SAE 30 MILLERS MILLERMATIC UN MILLERS MILLGEAR 10.5 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 11 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 12 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 13 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 14 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 15 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 16 EP MILLERS MILLGEAR 9 EP MILLERS MILLMAX 7 HV MILLERS MILLMAX 8.5 HV MILLERS MILLMAX 9 HV MILLERS MILLWAY 4 MILLERS MILLWAY 8 MILLERS TRX 75W-90 MILLERS TRX SYNTH 75W-90 MILLERS XF LONG LIFE 0W-30 MILLERS XF LONG LIFE 5W-30 MILLERS XFE-PD MILLERS XFS 5W-40 MILLERS XMD 15W-40 MILLERS XML 10W-40 MILLERS XSS 10W-40 MILLERS XSS 5W-30MOBIL 15W-40MOBIL 1 DIESEL 5W-40 MOBIL AGRI FLUID 424 MOBIL AGRI GREASE EXTRA MOBIL AGRI SUPER SERIES MOBIL ALMO 527MOBIL ATFMOBIL ATF 210MOBIL ATF 220MOBIL DELVAC 1 SHC MOBIL DELVAC 1110 MOBIL DELVAC 1120 MOBIL DELVAC 1130 MOBIL DELVAC 1140 MOBIL DELVAC 1210 MOBIL DELVAC 1220 MOBIL DELVAC 1230 MOBIL DELVAC 1240 MOBIL DELVAC 1240D MOBIL DELVAC 1300 SUPER 15W-40 MOBIL DELVAC 1310MOBIL DELVAC 1320 MOBIL DELVAC 1330 MOBIL DELVAC 1340 MOBIL DELVAC 1400 SUPER 15W-40 MOBIL DELVAC 1410 MOBIL DELVAC 1420 MOBIL DELVAC 1430 MOBIL DELVAC 1440 MOBIL DELVAC SPECIAL 10W-30 MOBIL DELVAC SPECIAL 15W-40 MOBIL DELVAC SPECIAL 20W-40 MOBIL DELVAC SUPER 15W-40 MOBIL DELVAC XHP 30 MOBIL DELVAC XHP 40 MOBIL DELVAC XHP LE 10W-40 MOBIL DTE 10MOBIL DTE 100MOBIL DTE 11MOBIL DTE 11MMOBIL DTE 13MOBIL DTE 13MMOBIL DTE 15MOBIL DTE 15MMOBIL DTE 16MOBIL DTE 16MMOBIL DTE 18MOBIL DTE 18MMOBIL DTE 32MOBIL DTE 46MOBIL DTE 68MOBIL DTE 724 SERIES MOBIL DTE 797MOBIL DTE 798MOBIL DTE 799MOBIL DTE 832MOBIL DTE 846MOBIL DTE EXCEL 32 MOBIL DTE EXCEL 46 MOBIL DTE EXCEL 68 MOBIL DTE FM 460MOBIL DTE OIL AAMOBIL DTE OIL BBMOBIL DTE OIL EXTRA HEAVY MOBIL DTE OIL HEAVY MOBIL DTE OIL HEAVY MEDIUM MOBIL DTE OIL HHMOBIL DTE OIL LIGHTMOBIL DTE OIL MEDIUMMOBIL EXTRA HECLA SUPER CYLINDER OIL MOBIL GARGOYLE ARCTIC 155 MOBIL GARGOYLE ARCTIC 300 MOBIL GLYGOYLE 30MOBIL GLYGOYLE HE 220MOBIL GLYGOYLE HE 320MOBIL GLYGOYLE HE 460MOBIL GLYGOYLE HE 680MOBIL HD 10WMOBIL HD 20W-20MOBIL HD 30MOBIL HD 40MOBIL HD 50MOBIL HYDRAULIC OIL EXTRA HEAVY MOBIL HYDRAULIC OIL HEAVY MOBIL HYDRAULIC OIL HEAVY MEDIUM MOBIL HYDRAULIC OIL LIGHT MOBIL HYDRAULIC OIL MEDIUM MOBIL HYDROFLUID HFC 46MOBIL MOBILAND SUPER UNIVERSAL 10W-30 MOBIL MOBILAND SUPER UNIVERSAL 15W-30 MOBIL MOBILFLUID 422MOBIL MOBILFLUID 423MOBIL MOBILFLUID 424MOBIL MOBILGEAR 626MOBIL MOBILGEAR 627MOBIL MOBILGEAR 629MOBIL MOBILGEAR 630MOBIL MOBILGEAR 632MOBIL MOBILGEAR 634MOBIL MOBILGEAR 636MOBIL MOBILGEAR SHC 220MOBIL MOBILGEAR SHC 320MOBIL MOBILGEAR SHC 680MOBIL MOBILGREASE 322MOBIL MOBILGREASE 77MOBIL MOBILGREASE HP 152MOBIL MOBILGREASE HP 222MOBIL MOBILGREASE MPMOBIL MOBILGREASE SPECIAL MOBIL MOBILITH SHC PMMOBIL MOBILPLEX 47MOBIL MOBILTAC 81MOBIL MOBILTHERM 603MOBIL MOBILTHERM 605MOBIL MOBILTRANS HDMOBIL MOBILTRANS HDMOBIL MOBILTRANS HD 10MOBIL MOBILUBE 1 SHCMOBIL MOBILUBE C 90MOBIL MOBILUBE GX 80MOBIL MOBILUBE GX 80W-90 MOBIL MOBILUBE GX 90MOBIL MOBILUBE GX-A 80WMOBIL MOBILUBE GX-A 85W-90 MOBIL MOBILUBE HD 80WMOBIL MOBILUBE HD MULTIGRADE 80W-90 MOBIL MOBILUBE HD MULTIGRADE 85W-140 MOBIL MOBILUBE HD-A 80WMOBIL MOBILUBE HD-A 80W-90-A MOBIL MOBILUBE HD-A 90-A MOBIL MOBILUBE XHP 75W-80W MOBIL MOBILUBE XHP 75W-90 MOBIL MOBILUX 2MOBIL MOBILUX 3MOBIL MOBILUX EP 0MOBIL MOBILUX EP 004MOBIL MOBILUX EP 023MOBIL MOBILUX EP 1MOBIL MOBILUX EP 2MOBIL MOBILUX EP 3MOBIL NYVAC 20MOBIL NYVAC FR 200DMOBIL RARUS 424MOBIL RARUS 425MOBIL RARUS 426MOBIL RARUS 427MOBIL RARUS 429MOBIL RARUS SHC 1025MOBIL RARUS SHC 1026MOBIL SHC 629MOBIL SHC 630MOBIL SHC 632MOBIL SHC 634MOBIL SHC 636MOBIL SHC 824MOBIL SHC 825MOBIL SUPER 10W-40MOBIL SUPER 15W-40MOBIL SUPER 2TMOBIL SUPER 4TMOBIL SUPER DIESEL 10W-40 MOBIL SUPER DIESEL 15W-40MOBIL SUPER S 10W-40 MOBIL SUPER S 5W-40 MOBIL SUPER S DIESEL 10W-40 MOBIL SUPER XHP 10W-40 MOBIL SUPER XHP 15W-40 MOBIL TRACK GREASE MOBIL TURBINE OIL 32 MOBIL TURBINE OIL 46 MOBIL TURBINE OIL HEAVY MEDIUM MOBIL TURBINE OIL LIGHT MOBIL TURBINE OIL MEDIUM MOBIL VACTRA OIL AA MOBIL VACTRA OIL BB MOBIL VACTRA OIL EXTRA MOBIL VACTRA OIL HEAVY MOBIL VACTRA OIL HEAVY MEDIUM MOBIL VACTRA OIL HH MOBIL VACTRA OIL MEDIUM MOBIL VACTRA OIL NO.2 MOBIL VACTRA OIL NO.4 MOBIL VACTRA OIL SLC 220 MOBIL VACTRA OIL SLC 68 MOBIL VACUOLINE OIL 1409 MOBIL VACUOLINE OIL 1419 MOBIL VACUUM PUMP OIL MOBIL VACUUM PUMP OIL HEAVY MOBIL VELOCITE OIL NO.3 MOBIL VELOCITE OIL NO.4 MOBIL VELOCITE OIL NO.6 MOBIL VELOCITE OIL NO.8 MOBIL VISCOLITE OIL BB MOBIL VISCOLITE OIL EXTRA HEAVY MORRIS 2TMORRIS AG 90MORRIS AIR FORCE 4000 100 MORRIS AIR FORCE 4000 32 MORRIS AIR FORCE 4000 46 MORRIS AIR FORCE 4000 68 MORRIS ALTO 1000 MORRIS AMBESTA 265 MORRIS ARCATO R32 MORRIS ARCATO R68 MORRIS ARIA EP 100 MORRIS ASTRA SLDEWAY 220 MORRIS ASTRA SLIDEWAY 68 MORRIS ATV SEMI SYNTHETIC 10W-40 MORRIS CRYSTAL WHITE OIL 15MORRIS CRYSTAL WHITE OIL 68 MORRIS DRIVE LIGHT GEAR OIL MORRIS DRIVE MEDIUM GEAR OIL MORRIS DUPLEX CDX 15W-40 MORRIS ELITE 30 MORRIS ELITE 40 MORRIS EP 75W-80W MORRIS EP 80W-90 MORRIS EP 85W-140 MORRIS EP 90MORRIS EP HYPOID 75W-90 MORRIS EP HYPOID 80W-90 MORRIS EP HYPOID 90 MORRIS GROUND FORCE SAE 10W-40 MORRIS GROUND FORCE SAE 30 MORRIS K16MORRIS K2 EPMORRIS K25MORRIS K3 CALCIUM EP GREASE MORRIS K40MORRIS K400MORRIS K4000MORRIS K41EPMORRIS K42EPMORRIS K43EPMORRIS K48MORRIS K99MORRIS LIQUIMATIC 33G MORRIS LIQUIMATIC 4 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC 5 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC 6 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC CT 10 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC CT 30 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC CT 50 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC DII MORRIS LIQUIMATIC HV 10 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC HV 32 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC HV 46 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC HV 68 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC HY MORRIS LIQUIMATIC JDF MORRIS LIQUIMATIC SB 46 MORRIS LIQUIMATIC SUPER ATF MORRIS LIQUISAFE 46 MORRIS LODEXOL 100 MORRIS LODEXOL 1000 MORRIS LODEXOL 150MORRIS LODEXOL 220MORRIS LODEXOL 320MORRIS LODEXOL 460MORRIS LODEXOL 68MORRIS LODEXOL 680MORRIS LODEXOL 80W-90MORRIS LODEXOL FS 150MORRIS LODEXOL FS 220MORRIS LODEXOL FS 320MORRIS LODEXOL FS 460MORRIS LODEXOL FS 75W-90MORRIS LODEXOL MT 75MORRIS LODEXOL MTFMORRIS LODEXOL PG 150MORRIS LODEXOL PG 220MORRIS LODEXOL PG 320MORRIS LODEXOL PG 460MORRIS LODEXOL SS 43MORRIS LODEXOL SS 75W-90MORRIS MAGNOL DIESEL ENGINE OIL 15W-40 MORRIS MAGNOL MOTOR OIL 20W-50 MORRIS MAGNOL STOU 15W-30MORRIS MILKING MACHINE OILMORRIS MLR AG 90MORRIS MLR EP 80W-90MORRIS MLR EP 90MORRIS MULTILIFE 5W-30MORRIS MULTILIFE 5W-40MORRIS MULTILIFE SYNTHETIC 0W-30 MORRIS MULTILIFE SYNTHETIC 5W-30 MORRIS MULTITRANS BCMORRIS MULTIVIS 10W-40MORRIS RACE 4 5W-40MORRIS RING FREE DD40MORRIS RING FREE EURO 3 PLUS 15W-40 MORRIS RING FREE ULTRA 10W-40 (SYNTHETIC) MORRIS RING FREE V.S. PLUS 15W-40 MORRIS RING FREE XC 15W-40MORRIS RING FREE XHD 10WMORRIS RING FREE XHD 10W-40MORRIS RING FREE XHD 15W-40MORRIS RING FREE XHD 20WMORRIS RING FREE XHD 30MORRIS RING FREE XHD PLUS 15W-40 MORRIS SERVOL 10W-40MORRIS SERVOL 15W-40 PERFORMANCE MOTOR OIL MORRIS SERVOL DIESEL PLUSMORRIS SERVOL EP 80W-90MORRIS SUPER FARM UNIVERSAL 10W-30 MORRIS SUPER SPORT 4 10W-40MORRIS SUPER VERSITRAC 10W-30MORRIS TEMPO 100MORRIS TEMPO 32MORRIS TEMPO 46MORRIS TEMPO 68MORRIS TEMPO S 100MORRIS TRIAD 32MORRIS TRIAD 46MORRIS TRIAD 68MORRIS UNIVERSAL BRAKE AND CLUTCH FLUID MORRIS XEP 90OVOLINE 2000 RANGE COMPRESSOR OIL - PART NO. 2032 OVOLINE 2000 RANGE COMPRESSOR OIL - PART NO. 2046 OVOLINE 2000 RANGE COMPRESSOR OIL - PART NO. 2068 OVOLINE 2000 RANGE COMPRESSOR OIL - PART NO. 2100 OVOLINE 2000 RANGE COMPRESSOR OIL - PART NO. 2150 OVOLINE 5000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 5150 OVOLINE 5000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 5220 OVOLINE 5000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 5320 OVOLINE 5000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 5460 OVOLINE 5000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 5680 OVOLINE 6000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 6220 OVOLINE 6000 RANGE IGO - PART NO. 6320 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8010 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8015 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8032 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8046 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8068 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8100 OVOLINE 8000 RANGE HYDRAULIC OIL - PART NO. 8150 OVOLINE 9000 + TAC LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9068+TAC OVOLINE 9000 + TAC LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9100+TAC OVOLINE 9000 + TAC LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9220+TAC OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9032 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9046 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9068 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9100 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9150 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9220 OVOLINE 9000 RANGE LUBRICATING OIL - PART NO. 9320 OVOLINE AGRIFLEET - PART NO. 595AOVOLINE ANTIFREEZE - PART NO. MEG OVOLINE ATF DII - PART NO. 564OVOLINE ATF DIII - PART NO. 563。
潍柴汽车产品说明书
I
INDEX
v w
Main Menu
Index
Changing Oil How to......................................... 147 When to...................................Байду номын сангаас... 135
Charging System Indicator .... 46, 186 Checklist, Before Driving............. 123 Child Safety ...................................... 29
Booster Seats ............................... 38 Child Seats.................................... 34 Important Safety Reminders ...... 32 Larger Children ........................... 37 Risk with Airbags ........................ 30 Small Children.............................. 33 Child Seats........................................ 34 Cleaning Seat Belts........................ 160 Clock.................................................. 54 Clutch Fluid.................................... 154 CO in the Exhaust ......................... 207 Cold Weather, Starting in ............. 124 Compact Spare Tire....................... 174 Consumer Informationˎ................ 212 Controls, Instruments and.............. 43 Convertible Top ............................... 70 Convertible Top Cover................ 72 Lowering the Convertible Top... 70 Maintenance................................. 74 Raising the Convertible Top ...... 73
linux 接收邮件的方法
linux 接收邮件的方法在Linux 系统中，你可以使用邮件客户端来接收邮件。
以下是一些常见的邮件客户端及其使用方法：1. Thunderbird：Thunderbird 是一款由Mozilla 开发的免费邮件客户端。
以下是安装和使用Thunderbird 的步骤：-安装：打开终端，输入以下命令安装Thunderbird：```sudo apt-get install thunderbird```-配置：安装完成后，运行Thunderbird，点击“配置”按钮，选择“账户”选项，添加你的邮箱账户。
按照向导设置邮箱类型（如IMAP 或POP3），输入邮箱地址和密码。
完成后，Thunderbird 将自动收取邮件。
2. Evolution：Evolution 是Linux 系统上的一款邮件客户端，以下是如何安装和使用Evolution：-安装：打开终端，输入以下命令安装Evolution：```sudo apt-get install evolution```-配置：安装完成后，运行Evolution，点击“邮件”菜单，选择“账户设置”。
添加你的邮箱账户，按照向导设置邮箱类型（如IMAP 或POP3），输入邮箱地址和密码。
完成后，Evolution 将自动收取邮件。
3. Mailx：Mailx 是一款命令行邮件客户端，适用于喜欢命令行操作的用户。
以下是安装和使用Mailx 的步骤：-安装：打开终端，输入以下命令安装mailx：```sudo apt-get install mailx```-配置：使用mailx 之前，需要创建一个.mailrc 配置文件。
在主目录下创建一个名为.mailrc 的文件，添加以下内容：```set smtp=smtp://your_smtp_serverset smtp-auth-user=your_usernameset smtp-auth-password=your_passwordset smtp-auth=login```根据你的实际情况修改上述配置，保存文件。
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标
evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标摘要：一、evolution rc高速离心机简介二、evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标概述1.离心机转速2.离心机容量3.离心机控制系统4.离心机安全性5.离心机附件和应用领域三、evolution rc高速离心机的优势四、总结与展望正文：一、evolution rc高速离心机简介evolution rc高速离心机是一款具有高性能、高可靠性的实验室设备，广泛应用于生物科学、化学、医药等领域。
它由德国制造商生产，以精湛的工艺和严谨的设计闻名于世。
这款离心机在我国市场备受好评，为广大科研工作者提供了高效的离心分离解决方案。
二、evolution rc高速离心机的技术指标概述1.离心机转速evolution rc高速离心机具备卓越的转速性能，最大转速可达到100000转/分钟，满足了不同实验需求。
高速离心机采用先进的电机驱动技术，确保在高转速下运行稳定，降低噪音。
2.离心机容量evolution rc高速离心机拥有较大的容量，可以容纳不同规格的离心管，适用于多种实验需求。
其容量范围从30毫升到750毫升，满足了从微量到大量样品的处理需求。
3.离心机控制系统evolution rc高速离心机采用先进的控制系统，实现精确的转速控制和温度控制。
用户可以通过触摸屏轻松设置参数，实现智能化操作。
同时，离心机具备多种预设程序，方便用户快速启动实验。
4.离心机安全性为确保用户安全，evolution rc高速离心机采用了多项安全措施。
其中包括自动断电保护、不平衡保护、超温保护等。
此外，离心机还配备了紧急停止按钮，以应对突发情况。
5.离心机附件和应用领域evolution rc高速离心机配备了多种附件，如普通离心管、高速离心管、角转子、水平转子等，满足不同实验需求。
此外，该离心机还可应用于生物制品、药物制剂、血液制品等的分离和纯化。
三、evolution rc高速离心机的优势evolution rc高速离心机凭借其出色的性能、可靠的品质和丰富的功能，为实验室提供了高效、便捷的离心分离解决方案。
电化学基本知识
由控制与测量电位的 仪器、WE、RE、盐桥 等组成。
实现控制或测量极化的变化
测量WE通电时的变化情况
功能
目的
调节或控制流经WE的电流
实现极化电流的变化与测量
两回路
电解池／容器 装电解质溶液、WE、CE所用，是一种容器，要求稳定性好，不溶出杂质，不与电极物质、电解液发生反应。大部分无机电解质是玻璃的。具体要求如下： ① 化学稳定性高 ② 体积适中 太小：研究体系浓度变化；太大：浪费 浓度变化： ，可见c与J0有关→η。
参比电极
常见的参比电极 ③ 汞-氧化汞电极； Hg|HgO|OH- Hg2+，比较稳定，但具有较强的氧化性，应防止还原性物质对Hg2+的影响。
参比电极
常见的参比电极 ④ 银-氯化银电极； Ag|AgCl|Cl- 络合离子Ag2Cl2 不稳定 Ag+→Ag2+ (光敏性强) Cl-、Br-和I-中，Cl-溶解度最大，所以： （控制Cl-纯度）的影响。
参比电极
测量与被测体系组成或浓度不同时用盐桥。 1.2.3.1 作用 ① 消除或减小液接电位； ② 消除测量体系与被测体系的污染。 1.2.3.2 要求（盐桥制备的注意事项） ① 内阻小，合理选择桥内电解质溶液的浓度； ② 盐桥内电解液阴阳离子当量电导尽可能相近，扩散系数相当（常用： KCl、NH4NO3），以消除液接电位； ③ 盐桥内溶液不能和测量、被测量体系发生相互作用； ④ 固定盐桥防止液体流动 采用4%的琼脂溶液固定。
稳定性条件（stability）: 扰动不会引起系统内部结构发生变化，当扰动停止后，系统能够回复到原先的状态。可逆反应容易满足稳定性条件；不可逆电极过程，只要电极表面的变化不是很快，当扰动幅度小，作用时间短，扰动停止后，系统也能够恢复到离原先状态不远的状态，可以近似的认为满足稳定性条件。
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目录号
最大速度 (rpm)
最大RCF (xg)
50,230 24,340 34,160 35,790 27,750 15,810 15,180 17,600 29,990 49,054 41,840 48,930 67,510 51,970 70,450 51,430 31,940 51,250 41,370 48,550 38,397 26,727 55,193
当 转 头 不 平衡
时，G Y R O向 两边弯曲以抵 消不平衡力。
强大的不平衡耐受系统
EVOLUTIONTM RC的驱动系统包括一个功率强大的无碳 刷电机和我们的专利产品GYRO。这种系统提供了现在 市场所有高速离心机对不平衡的最大耐受性。使用者可 通过目视平衡，并且保证在操作失误时，驱动系统几乎 不受损害。
TM
高速冷冻离心机
■
最大的可靠性
无论何种样品，无论何者操作，准确的操作就能产 生一致的结果——日复一日，年复一年。
RC 高速离心机是无可比拟
■
为工业提供最快的生产流程
使用新型SLC-6000 SUPER-LITE ®（超轻）聚合 物转头，9分钟内可以处理6升样品。 最高26000 r p m的转速和更快的加/减速， EVOLUTION RC不仅减少了运行时间，还将优化您 整体的生产率。
使用EVOLUTIONTM RC， 您可 以显著提高生产率——不仅通 过更高的转速和离心力， 还可 通过对整个操作流程中多个事 件的调整来缩短全过程所需时 间， 包括： 样品的放置， 程序的 设定， 分离过程和样品的取出。 什么地方速度是最重要的， 什 么地方EVOLUTIONTM RC为您 提供最好的。
TM
EvolutionTM RC
只有克服了一 个简单的障碍 ——为使用 者提 供 更高的生 产率时，所 谓的先进离 心 技术 才可以称之为先 进。由此而 言， EVOLUTION 的。 EVOLUTION RC 采用了 一种已被证实的平 台——索福RC 2B高速冷冻离心机。 RC 2B 于35年前生产， 是全世界第一台商用高速 冷冻离心机， 至今仍在世界范围内广泛使 用。 实际上， RC 2B及其系列产品 （RC5， RC5B， RC5C， RC5B plus， RC5C plus） 是世界上安装数量最多的高速冷冻离心机。 现在， 结合了先进软件、 电子学与材料应用 的EVOLUTION RC继续了其领导地位。 一切设计从用户需要出发， EVO LUTIO N R C通过简化样品操作， 减少整体运转时 间， 符合人体工程学的设计等， 为用户提供 最大的便利， 从而提供无可比拟的生产率。
ThermoFisher Scientific China
上海
上海浦东金桥出口加工区 新金桥路27号6号楼 电话：86-21-68654588 传真：86-21-64457830
北京
北京西城区金融街23号 平安大厦1010-1019室 电话：86-10-58503588 传真：86-10-66210847
Evolution RC 性能参数
TM
最大速度 最大g力 最大容量 驱动系统 加/减速率 可编程控制 速度控制精确率 温度设定范围 温度准确率(运转状况) 温度准确率(待机状况) 环境温度范围 控温系统 平均产热量 噪音 体积 毫米(英寸) 面板高度: 毫米(英寸) 重量 * 专利技术
26,000 rpm 70,450×g 6升 无碳刷直流电机, 配有GYRO*驱动系统 3加速/4减速 选件 0-1000rpm内变化范围为+/-20 rpm; 1000-26,000rpm内变化范围为+/-0.2% -20℃- 40℃ 2-25℃为+/-2℃; 26-40℃为+/-3℃ 2-30℃为+/-3℃ 10-38℃ 无氟制冷, DuoThermTM 控温系统 2.5kW/8500Btu/Hr 63 dbA(最大转速时距仪器1米处测量) 1295×710×1055 (51×28×42) 850 (33) 1125 (44) 390kg (860 lb)
无需真空操作
EVOLUTION TM RC高效的性能并不需要精密的真空系 统。 由此产生两大显著优点。其一，由于不需要真空油、密 封圈及滤器，降低了用户的花费。便于清洗，而且无需 担心污染真空油及滤器。 其二，不须真空意味着降低离心管、离心瓶泄漏的可能 性，因此可以更好的保护操作者，保护样品。另外，在 空气中，离心机的控温和变温能力更高。 无须真空意味着故障几率的减少和操作复杂程度的降 低。
5
EvolutionTM RC
6
索福转头
丰富的选择 优越的性能 持久的使用价值
历经近半个世纪的研发，索福形成了世界上 最齐全的高速离心转头体系。秉承索福长期 传统，EVOLUTION
TM
角度转头
索福提供了20种角度转头供选择：12种铝合金，4种 聚合物，4种肽合金转头可以满足所有普通离心沉淀需 求。
离心管数
离心管范围 容量 (ml) (ml)
400 3,000 1,500 1,000 600 6,000 4,000 3,000 1,500 800 600 512 300 384 168 48 1,500 500 430 220 400 700 60
智能化操作 更加简单
符合人体工程学的设计 EVOLUTION RC离心机精心设 计，为用户提供最大的便利。
离心机面板仅83厘米高——现今 市场最低的设计——使离心室及 控制面板均能方便的使用。
对于那些真正有效的精密操 作， 它应该是对任何人都可行 的， 而不仅仅针对一些专家或 熟练人员。
无需用手打开离心室，只需轻触 离心室盖上的手柄，盖子便可自 动滑开。 控制面板上方有转头盖固定装 置，可以方便地取放转头盖，便 于取放样品。
独创SUPER-LITE® 超轻转头
索福在90年代初期，率先提出了超轻转头的概念， 并采用经典的铝合金材料，实现了大容量转头的超轻 化。进入21世纪，索福又推出了新一代聚合物材料的 超轻转头。现在，索福可以提供两个系列6个品种的超 轻转头。 新一代聚合物超轻转头SLC系列，突破了传统转头 的容量限制，在大容量转头上实现高速运行的目 的。SLC系列除与离心轴连接的部分采用金属外， 其余全部采用聚合物。同时，可以使用普通的离心 瓶。 铝 合 金 超 轻 转 头 S L A 系 列 ， 采 用 经 典 的 铝 合 金 材料，但结构上做了重大改变，使其重量减轻 30-40%。铝合金超轻转头保持了其良好的热传导 性和密封性，特别适用于生物样品的处理。
因 此 ，我 们 象 重 视 其 高 效 性 和 可 靠 性 一 样 ，重 视 E V O L U T I O N T M R C的用户 友 好 性 。从 控 制 面 板 到 离 心室 门，甚 至 仪 器 的 安 装， EVOLUTION TM RC都使您更 方便省力。
自动记忆运转程序
RunBrowserTM 设计能够自动储存最 新的5个运转程序，方便快速查找、 调用。
RC可以使用您现有的
所有索福高速离心转头，节省投资。
水平转头
EVOLUTIONTM RC可使用4种水平转头，容量从80ml到 3L，这些转头可达到现今市场上最高的离心力，节省 运转时间。
特殊用途转头
除了传统的角度转头和水平转头外，为丰富用户选 择，ThermoFishe还提供了专为特殊用途设计的独特的 SORVALL® 转头。 连续流转头 TZ-28/GK和SS-34/KSB-R可以有效的进行大批量 生产。 区带转头 TZ-28区带转头是为大批量，重定向梯度分离，密 闭性分批运转而设计。 高产率微量离心管操作 对于大量的0.25-1.5ml微量离心管离心，SH-MT转 头是理想的选择。 垂直转头 S V-288和S V-80垂直转头可以减少梯度离心的时 间。
广州
广州东风中路410-412号 健力宝大厦3003-3004室 电话：86-20-83487138 传真：86-20-83486621
领导先进科技 性能安全可靠 ——体现完美平衡的
EvolutionTM RC高速冷冻离心机
Evolution RC
TM
21世纪的高速冷冻离心机
Evolution RC
大型数字化显示屏可以持续显示时 间、速度和温度的设定和运转情 况。10米以内，您可以看得清清楚 楚。
某些高速离心机是要求用螺栓固 定在地板上的，这是安全的要求。 EVOLUTION TM RC经过多年研究， 并经过多次严格的转头爆炸试验， 安全性能满足最严格的标准要求。 EVOLUTIONTM RC不须螺栓固定！
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简单、智能化的操作
面向用户的仪器及软件设计，使其先进的功能更易 使用。RunBrowserTM 可以快速建立常用程序。
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大量转头可供选择
多种转头可供选择，包括3种新型大容量SUPERLITE® 聚合物转头和ColorToneTM（彩色）转头。
索福，全球第一台高速冷 冻离心机的生产商
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最大的可靠性
当 转 头 处 于 严 重 不
平衡时，GYRO前部 的Metal Fuse(金属 保险)会自行折断， 以阻断不平衡力对电 机和轴的损害。
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EvolutionTM RC
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优越的操作流程 更加省时
仪器的可靠性是必须的， 但在 日复一日的操作中， 仅仅能够 可靠运转是远远不够的， 完美 价值体现于不增加劳动强度下 产品生产率的提高。
8500rpm（15810×g）。
快速的加/减速时间 功率增加产出
EVOLUTION TM RC提供了所有高速 离心机最快的加速和减速系统，运 转时间更短，效率更高。
高速 26000rpm 和 70450×g
操作程序的设计不仅仅为了分离， 还要提供大部分通用的甚至特殊应 用的高速离心所需的速度和RCF。
Evolution RC 转头目录