现代大学英语精读2第1单元Paraphrase
现代大学英语(第二版)精读2第一课讲解
Another School Year – What for?John CiardiText AppreciationI.Text Analysis1.Theme2.Structure3.DiscussionII.Writing Devicesnguage Style & Tone2.MetaphorIII.Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisThemeThe author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.StructurePart 1 (Paras. 1—8 Part 2 (Paras.9—14):The writer describes hisencounter with one of hisstudents.):The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created.Text AnalysisSentence Paraphrase•Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher.(Para. 1)•Let me tell you something that happened when I first became a teacher. It was one of the exasperating experiences in the first days of my teaching career.•The word “disaster” often means “an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage”. Here, used informally, it means "a complete failure". The writer exaggerates the situation and uses the word humorously.Sentence Paraphrase… I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1)to have just come from aparticular place, to havejust had a particularexperience, e.g. studentsfresh from college… I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.•Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something.” (Para.1)•The sentence tells us what an unfavorable impression the student left on the writer the first day he came to class. First, he was referred to as “a beanpole with hair on top” (顶上长了毛、种豆角时用的长竿）.Also, his manners irritated the writer: instead of listening attentively and taking notes, he behaved as if he had paid to watch a show of some sort and was waiting to be entertained.•The word "beanpole“ means "a tall thin person"，Here the writer deliberately evokes a "bean pole”, a pole farmers use as a support in growing beans.••part of the student body: one of the students•the student body: all the students of the university•body: a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way, e. g.– a law-making body 工法机构–the governing body of the university 大学管理机构Sentence Paraphrase•Two weeks later we started Hamlet.(Para.1)•Obviously, the writer was teaching a course on Shakespeare. In such a course, generally five of Shakespeare's plays are studied. Hamlet generally included.Sentence Paraphrase•Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. “Look,” he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?“ (1)•with his hands on his hips: This shows that the student wasn‘t carrying anything, and what’s more, this business-minded young man came to challenge his instructor, like a customer questioning the goods or service they have bought.Sentence Paraphrase•New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things·(2)•Though I was a new teacher, I knew I could tell him what "university w as for. But I didn't. (我虽然经验不多) 也讲得出这些道埋(但我没有讲)。
现代大学英语精读paraphrase和translation
Lesson Two: Two KindsParaphrase1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me thebest.2.I had new thoughts, willful thou ghts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, asif this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, andI wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery. Phrases1.With almost no money down 几乎用不着交首付，几乎可以全部用贷款来买房2.The raised hopes and failed expectations 那些过高的希望和达不到的期盼3.Shorting out 短路4.The showpiece of our living room 我们起居室里的一件摆设5.Stiff-lipped smile 尴尬不自然的笑容6.Frighteningly strong 惊人地强大7.Follow their own mind 我行我素Sentence1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。
现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit1分析解析精选课件
Another School Year
Unit 1
Questions / Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
坚持
Warming up
Warming up Questions/Activities
• What do you go to college for? • How has your first semester in university
f_a_c_u_lt_y____ all the teachers of a university or college s_u_ff_ic_e_____ to be enough p_e_n_e_t_ra_t_in_g_ showing the ability to understand things clearly and
deeply s_a_v_a_g_e____ an uncivilized human being l_it_e_r_a_l ____ in a basic meaning of a word c_e_rt_if_y_____ to state something is correct e_n_r_o_ll_____ to officially arrange to join a university
坚持
Warming up Objectives
• Understand the occasion and stylistic features of the speech
• Think about the question of the purpose of university education
getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university.
现代大学英语精读paraphrase-原文译文版汇编
学习-----好资料Lesson one1.Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。
By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.The essentials are familiar: the poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And it wasbecause it was product of their excessive fecundity…..(para5)他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either itscreation or its amelioration. (para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked toundertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or tohuman society.5.It declined in popularity, and reference to it acquired a condemnatory tone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。
现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit1分析解析精选课件
a child of Italian immigrants Began his career teaching English at the University of
Kansas City Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in
AnAotnhoethr eSrcShcohooloYl eYeaarr–iardi John Ciardi
坚持
Another School Year
Unit 1
Warming up
B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
坚持
Warming up Objectives
• Understand the occasion and stylistic features of the speech
• Think about the question of the purpose of university education
literary endeavors.
坚持
Background
His Influence
Poet, translator, etymologist Major works:
现代大学英语精读1paraphrasing
Unit 11. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.(1)Paraphrase:But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.2.“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?”(3)Paraphrase:Why do I have to go to school? I don’t think I’ve done anything wrong to be punished like this.3. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)Paraphrase:I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.4. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)Paraphrase:What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.5. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16)Paraphrase:Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.Unit 21. If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1) Paraphrase:Banks act like churches which usually control people’s life and can interfere in people’s life. So, the author thinks it is ridiculous for banks to act like churches.2. It was lunchtime and the only officer on duty was a fortyish black man with short, pressed hair, a pencil mustache, and a neatly pressed brown suit. (para. 3)Paraphrase:uncurled hair, a thin mustache looking like a line drawn by a pencil, and a neat and tidy brown suit3. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. (para. 3)Paraphrase:Everything about him—his clothes, manner, etc. indicated that he was a carefully dressed man who had an important position and power.4. I moved in for the kill. (para. 19)Paraphrase:5. I zeroed in on the officer. (para. 20)Paraphrase:I’m going to have a strong argument to silence the bank officer.6. Look, … we’re just wasting each other’s time. (para. 29)Paraphrase:Look, let’s stop talking about this because it is a waste of time./You are just talking nonsense. I don’t want to listen to you any more.7.… has been shaking this boy down… (para. 30)Paraphrase:… has been getting money from the boy by using threats…8. Anyway, the police are on the case… (para. 30)Paraphrase:Anyway, the police are working on the case…9. Not that I ever heard of. (para. 32)Paraphrase:I have never heard of such rules.Unit 31. My husband moved into our house as is the way with us in Esarn. (para. 1)Paraphrase:When we got married, we followed the tradition in Esarn and my husband came to live with my family.2. He has ears which don’t hear, a mouth which doesn’t speak, and eyes that don’t see. ( para. 2) Paraphrase:He does not notice what is happening around us and to our children, nor does he express his thoughts and feelings. (The woman is complaining that her husband does not bother about their children’s troubles.)3. … and it is no longer fertile, bleeding year after year and, like us, getting old and exhausted. (para. 3) Paraphrase:Our land is getting poorer with each passing year, like us who are getting old, weak and tired.4.… but in a bad year, it’s not only the ploughs that break but our hearts, too. (para. 3)Paraphrase:When there is a draught, the soil is so hard that it breaks the ploughs and we feel so sad that our hearts break too.5. Only ten years ago, you could barter for things, but now it’s all cash. (para. 4)Paraphrase:Just ten years ago, we could exchange one thing for another, but now we have to buy everything from the market.6. Shops have sprung up, filled with colorful plastic things and goods we have no use for. (para. 4) Paraphrase:Shops have suddenly appeared in the village selling attractive plastic things and things we don’t need.7. As for me, I wouldn’t change, couldn’t change even if I wanted to. (para. 7)Paraphrase:I didn’t want to change myself and my life, and actually I did not have the ability to change even if I wanted to.8. Yes, this bag of bones dressed in rags can still plant and reap rice from morning till dusk. (para. 7) Paraphrase:Though I’m poor, old and weak, I can still work in the rice field all day.9. I am at peace with the land and the condition of my life. (para. 9)Paraphrase:I am content with my land and accept my situation in life without complaint.10. I have been forcing silence upon her all these years, yet she had not once complained of anything. (para. 9) Paraphrase:All these years, I hardly talk with her or listen to her, so she has to keep silent about her thoughts and feelings, but she has never told anyone else about her unhappy feelings about my silence.11. Still the land could not tie them down or call them back. (para. 10)Paraphrase:My children grew up and had happy days on this land, but this could not prevent them from leaving for cities or attract them back from cities.12. Sickness comes and goes, and we get back on our feet again. (para. 11)Paraphrase:Inevitably we sometimes fall ill, but when we get well again we can always get back to our normal life and work on our land.Unit 41. Ausable was, for one thing, fat… Though he spoke French and German passably, he had never altogether lost the New England accent he had brought to Paris from Boston twenty years ago. (para. 2) Paraphrase:Ausable was, for one reason, fat… His French and German were not very good, but acceptable. Although he had been in Paris for twenty years, he never lost the American accent.2. …a sloppy fat man who, instead of having messages slipped into his hand by dark-eyed beauties, gets only an ordinary telephone call making an appointment in his room. (para. 4)Paraphrase:…an untidy fat man just has an ordinary phone call agreeing to meet somebody later in his room. There are no other imagined things as a beautiful lady with dark eyes putting a slip of message secretly into his hand.3. The fat man chuckled to himself as he unlocked the door of his room and stood as aside to let his frustrated guest enter. (para. 4)Paraphrase:The fat man laughed to himself when he opened the door of his room and gave way to his dissatisfied guest. 4. You are disillusioned. (para. 5)Paraphrase:You are disappointed because what you believe in has turned out to be wrong.5. Before long you will see a paper, a quite important paper for which several men and women have risked their lives, come to me in the next-to-last step of its journey into official hands. (para. 5)Paraphrase:Soon you will see a document/a report come to me. Several people took chances in order to get it. When I receive the paper, I will place it in the hands of the proper authorities.By then I will have fulfilled my mission.6. For halfway across the room, a small automatic pistol in his hand, stood a man. (para. 6)Paraphrase:In the middle of the room, there was a man with a small automatic pistol in his hand.7. I’m going to raise the devil with the management this time. (para. 11)Paraphrase:(He was making up a story, which turned out to be a trap for Max.To make Max swallow this bait, Ausable pretended to be angry with the management and explained to Fowler (not to Max) why he was going to complain to the management about the balcony.)8. It might have saved me some trouble had I known about it. (para. 12)Paraphrase:If I had known about it, I would not have spent so much effort.9. I wish I knew how you learned about the report, … (para. 15)Paraphrase:I want to know how you succeeded in finding out the report, but I have no idea.10. Keeping his body twisted so that his gun still covered the fat man and his guest, … (para. 22) Paraphrase:He twisted his body in order to point his gun right at the fat man and his guest.Unit 61. My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak. (para. 1) Paraphrase:When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural area.2. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. (para. 1)Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.3. He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. (para. 3) Paraphrase:Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understood the importance of his words.4. As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. (para. 5)Paraphrase:As someone educated in the United States, I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana, except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten.5. It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. (para. 5)Paraphrase:It was me who had come to know the green bananas, and everything connected with it. According to the author, every civilization has special geniuses (symbolized by the green banana), which have existed for many years. But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them. 6. I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call “learning moments”, and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once. (para. 5)Paraphrase:The two things that suddenly dawned on him are: the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village, town, region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world.7. The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning. (8) Paraphrase:The green bananas have become a symbol of hidden treasures from every culture. For proper understanding of a piece of writing, it is often important to notice such symbolic language and to know what the symbols stand for.Unit 81. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. (para. 1)Paraphrase:He held his thumb out and the gas can to show that he was out of gas and needed a lift to the nearest gas station. Generally speaking, at the same time of holding his thumb out, a hitchhiker also has a board in his hand, on which the name of the place he wants to go is written. Here, the gas can shows that the young man has run out of gasoline for his car.2. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. (para. 2)Paraphrase:Because the author thought it was sensible for him to do so and did so indeed as a matter of course as other people would do the same in the situation.It shows that it was really something common. The real issue then was not that he didn’t help the young man3. It would be cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. (para. 5)Paraphrase:I would travel without a penny through the country where money was extremely important.4. I rose early…and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles “America”. (para. 6)Paraphrase:Because what he wanted to do was to discover America and American people. The destination of the journey was Cape Fear, just literally, but the real destination was to seek understanding of the country and its people. 5. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming. In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. (para.7)Paraphrase:They suggest that the people there (probably people everywhere), were more or less provincial (another sub-concept of ethnocentric?). They tended to make false assumptions about people in other places, i.e. the people in their place were nicer/better than those in other places.6. I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. (para. 8)Paraphrase:(Because the situation when the two little ladies stopped for the author was, in his eyes, potentially dangerous for them. He says so to emphasize both the kindness and courage the ladies showed in that particular situation.)7. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. (Para. 9)Paraphrase:(Because he had to. Otherwise he would not be able to stop right before the author. It shows the mental struggle that was probably going on in the driver’s mind. He was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker, which made it more difficult for him to make such a decision at the moment than others. However, he chose to stop finally and his kindness was thereby highlighted.)8. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. (para.10)Paraphrase:Poor people are often more generous. They are often ready/willing to give comparatively more of what they have to those in need than rich people.9. Now we’re talking, I thought. (para.12)Paraphrase:Now he knew what I wanted and the talk was going in the right direction.10. “When we do, ” he said, “it’s usually kin.” (Para. 13)Paraphrase:(The local people do not usually entertain/receive guests at home.) They only do this for their kin relatives. 11. In spite of everything, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers. (para.15)(It means the fact that there are people who are indifferent to other people’s needs/ who refuse to help others/who may hesitate to help and people may say about lack of compassion in our society and a generally moral decay in our society. I find, however, on the whole you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.)Unit 91. The impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para. 1)Paraphrase:The police officer walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets to be impressed. The description shows that the policeman quite enjoyed his work.2. Trying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. (para. 2)Paraphrase:From how he looked and what he did on the beat, we can see that the policeman was competent at, confident of, proud of, and dutiful to his job. All these factors gave people the impression that he was a trustworthy protector of the peace. ( Notice how a string of present participles are used as adverbials to vividly describe the policeman’s actions.)3. The area was one that kept early hours. (para. 2)Paraphrase:People in that area closed their stores pretty early.4. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. (para. 7)Paraphrase:The next morning I was going to leave (New York) for the West as planned to make a lot of money and get rich.5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para. 7)Paraphrase:We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materially—whether our fortune huge or small.6. But after a year or two we lost track of each other. (para. 9)Paraphrase:We wrote letters and kept in touch with each other for a year or two, and then we stopped writing and haven’t heard from or heard of each other. Now neither of us knows what has happened or is happening to the other. 7. You see, the West is a pretty big place, and I kept running around over it pretty lively. (para. 9) Paraphrase:I kept moving around in the West, never staying in the same place for long. (And that’s why it was hard for us to keep track of each other.)8. …and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up. (para. 9)If my old friend comes to meet me as he promised, I would think my trouble of travelling so far is fairly rewarded.9. He was a kind of slow man, though, good fellow as he was. (para. 13)Paraphrase:However, he wasn’t very smart, even thought he was a good person.10. I’ve had to compete with some of the sharpest brains going to get my money. (para. 13 )Paraphrase:In order to make money, I had to compete with the most shrewd and crafty people.11. A man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to make a man really keen. (para. 13) Paraphrase:A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York where life is boring and opportunities for change are few. He has to go to the West to become an eager and exciting person.The man from the west means that New York City was “civilized”; it had too many laws, and that getting rich quickly was less likely. In the West, however, one could by-pass the rules, and though being tougher and smarter one could become rich very fast.12. I should say not! (para. 16)Paraphrase:Of course I am not going to leave immediately.13. The few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. (para. 18 )Paraphrase:There were few people in the street of this part of the city. They had turned their coat collars high and kept their hands in their pockets for warmth. They didn’t look happy and were walking fast without saying anything. 14. “Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival. (para. 21)Paraphrase:“Bless my heart!” the man who had just arrived said aloud in surprise.15. It’s Bob, sure a fate. (para. 22)Paraphrase:Definitely it’s you, Bob.16. How has the West treated you, old man? (para. 22)Paraphrase:How well did you do in the West, old friend?17. …we’ll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about old times. （para. 26）I’ve heard of a place, so let’s go there and we will have a long talk about those happy days we spent together in the past. Note that probably the plainclothes policeman was thinking: I’ll take you to the police station and you will tell me about the crimes you committed in the past.18. At the corner stood a drugstore brilliant with electric lights. (para. 28)Paraphrase:There was a drugstore at the corner. Its electric lights were on and it was very bright inside.19. Chicago thinks you may come over our way and telegraphs us she wants to have a chat with you. (para. 31) Paraphrase:The Chicago Police Department thinks you may come to New York, sent us a telegraph and asked us to help them track you down and arrest.20. Going quietly, are you? That’s sensible. (para. 31)Paraphrase:You won’t put up a fight and resist arrest, will you. That (cooperating will us without causing any disturbance) is the right thing to do.21. Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job. (para. 33) Paraphrase:For some reason I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I had a policeman not wearing a uniform do it.Jimmy had mixed feelings. He knew what his duty was. But the memories of their friendship, the expressions of Bob’s undying respect and admiration for him and the fact that Bob had come all the way from a thousand miles away just to keep the appointment made 20 years before must have deeply touched him. Therefore, he could not bring himself to arrest Bob.Unit 101. The end of manual labor was liberating. (1)Paraphrase:Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated after the manual labor had been ended.2. To survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (2)Paraphrase:In order not to die and go on living in prison, prisoners must cultivate ways to learn to enjoy themselves in their daily life.3. But eventually they gave in, and we were able to cut out a small garden on a narrow patch of earth against the far wall. (3)Paraphrase:But finally they agreed unwillingly, and we were able to mark out a small garden on a strip of earth against the wall in the distance.4. At the time, some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart, for I spent my days in a wasteland and my free time digging in the courtyard. (4)Paraphrase:had been deserted for a long time and my spare time digging in the courtyard.5. The authorities did not regret giving permission, for once the garden began to flourish, I often provided the warders with some of my best tomatoes and onions. (5)Paraphrase:The person in charge didn’t feel regretful that they had allowed me to have a garden because as soon as the garden began to grow well, I often gave the warders some of my best tomatoes and onions.6. I told her this small story at great length. I do not know what she read into that letter, (11)Paraphrase:I told her this small story in detail. I do not know whether she understood the meaning of the letter more than it did.。
现代大学英语精读2 lesson1 (课件) - 副本
24. have no business 25. species 26. civilized 27. add to (add sth. to sth. / add up to) 28. literal (in literal time) 29. contain(Cf. hold/consist/ compose ) 30. humanity 31. in essence
of
2. (Vt.) make sb. a member
eg:Universities will enrol new students this spring.
6. reach for: to try to obtain sth.
eg: what are the goals in life to reach for ?
Lesson One
New words and phrases:
1. fresh ( be fresh out of ) 2. body 3. point to/point out 4. specimen 5. enroll 6. reach for 7. scroll
Lesson One
8. certify 9. specialize 10. expose 11. generate 12. matter 13. average 14. hold 15. be employed in doing sth.
eg: Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars.
Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
2）to pretend to have, to begin to have=put on装出（…样子），显出
现代大学英语精读2第1单元Paraphrase
Another School Year—What For?It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.The B.S. certificate would indicate/prove that the holder had special training in pharmacy, but it would also show that he/she had been introduced to some great ideas in the history of human civilization.You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.As a pharmacist, you should at least make sure that your medicine is not mixed up with poison. If you are an engineer, you should at least be able to make a fence to keep out wild animals. If you become a lawyer, you should at least make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you do not know how to defend your client.If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business staying in college.If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy, the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be here at college. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact.Our colleges always produce such people. We cannot help that. But we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that these college years have just passed them by without leaving anything on them. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.To become a civilized person, you need to know many things, and you cannot find out everything by yourself, because your life is too short.If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitation, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. You will not be considered as a civilized human being or a responsible citizen of a democratic society if you only care about making money, not realizing the importance of the thinking of Aristotle, Chaucer, Einstein as something that will help cultivate in you the quality of being a human.A university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.Only when university successfully helps the students expose to the ideas that make them civilized human beings can we say it has real purpose to exist.More Crime and Less Punishment。
现代大学英语精读第二版2讲解
Sentence Paraphrase
• Two weeks later we started Hamlet.(Para.1)
• Obviously, the writer was teaching a course on Shakespeare. In such a course, generally five of Shakespeare's plays are studied. Hamlet generally included.
• • part of the student body: one of the students
• the student body: all the students of the university
• body: a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way, e. g.
believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created.
Sentence Paraphrase
• Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher.(Para. 1)
2精读paraphrase
Unit1（28）共九十三个。
1…I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para.1)P:…I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City2 ,New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things.P:Though I was a new teachen ,I knew I could tell him what a university was for,but I couldn’t.3 I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at eh end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of ScienceP:I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.S. at a university.4 It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.P:The B.S. certificate would be an official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy, but it would also be a proof that he/ she had learned / absorbed some profound ideas of the past5. I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter.P:I didn’t actually say all this to him, because I didn’t think he would stay at college very long, so it wouldn’t be important whether or not he knew what university education was for6. Nevertheless, I was young and I hada high sense of duty and I tried to put it this wayP:Instead of telling him the importance of an all-around education, I tried to convince him from a very practical point of view7.. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.P:You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’ re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.8..Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children.P:In addition to all other things (such as satisfaction) these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you cansupport a family: wife and children. 9... They will be your income, and may it always suffice10..Those professional skills will be rewarding for your career and we hope that there may always be opportunities of further learning.11..Will the children ever be exposed toa reasonably penetrating idea at home? P:Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home? 12...Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellectP:Will you be head of a family who brings up the kids in a democratic spirit?13 Will there be a book in the house? P:Will you be reading serious books (not just popular fiction)?14 Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look atwithout shuddering?P:What kind of pictures will you put up in your house? Will you have a painting in your house that shows some taste on your part?十五：… to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thoughtP：to expose you to / make you understand the ideas, opinions and thinking of the best philosophers, scientists, writers and artists in human history.十六. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history — then you have no business being in college. Paraphrase：If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy and the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be studying here at college17. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Paraphrase： You will soon become an uneducated, i gnorant person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment18：Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them —without making contact. Paraphrase：A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they come through college without learning anything.19：No one gets to be a human being unaided.Paraphrase：No one can grow up to be a civilized person without the help of others.20：There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. Paraphrase： To become a civilized person, you need to acquire the knowledge and develop the culture a civilized society needs. One lifetime is too short to create an environment for him to become civilized.21：You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you.P:All human knowledge has been accumulated by people living in the past and has been passed on to us. You learn all this before you do any original research, or any research of your own. 22: As this is true of the techniques ofmankind, so it is true of ma nkind’s spiritual resourcesP:This is the way we learn and develop the techniques of mankind. This is also how we inherit and advance mankind’s spiritual resources.23:For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time.P:Because a great book is something given to us to enrich our lives. It presents to you a kind of life you don’t have a chance to experience yourself, and it describes for you places you don’t have time actually to visit.24:A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worldsP:Basically, a cultured and educated person should know about such great variety of lives and worlds2五：If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12)P：If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human。
现代大学英语(第二版) 精读2 第1单元知识点
Unit 1Text A Another School Year—What For?Part 1 BackgroundⅠ. About the author: John Ciardi (1916-1986)A. His life:◆a child of Italian immigrants, Boston◆Began his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City◆Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes◆went on to teach at Harvard University in 1946◆in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers University◆in 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavorsB. His influence:◆Poet, translator, etymologist◆Major works:➢First book of poems, Homeward to America, 1940➢Other Skies, focusing on his war-time experience, 1947➢How Does a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry courses ➢Translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy (The Inferno, 1954; The Purgatorio, 1961; The Paradiso, 1970)◆Influence:➢ A very popular poet➢Poetry editor of Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972➢Fellow of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member and former president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersII. Genre◆Orientation speechperiod of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce themselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university.◆Audience: College freshmen◆Style: colloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and earnestPart 2 Word Study1．accomplishment n.①achievement 成就；成绩Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. (para.12) 书本是人类特有的成就。
现代大学英语精读第二版2第一课讲解.pdf
• the student body: all the students of the university
• body: a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way, e. g.
Sentence Paraphrase
• The word "beanpole“ means "a tall thin person"，Here the writer deliberately evokes a "bean pole”, a pole farmers use as a support in growing beans.
III. Sentence Paraphrase
Text Analysis
Theme
The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.
… I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.
Sentence Paraphrase
• Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something.” (Para.1)
现代大学英语第二版精读2 unit 1 课文翻译
Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。
那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。
一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。
我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。
New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would notmankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for参加both training and education. 虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。
现代大学英语精读2第1单元Paraphrase
现代大学英语精读2第1单元P a r a p h r a s e-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Another School Year—What For?It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.The B.S. certificate would indicate/prove that the holder had special training in pharmacy, but it would also show that he/she had been introduced to some great ideas in the history of human civilization.You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.As a pharmacist, you should at least make sure that your medicine is not mixed up with poison. If you are an engineer, you should at least be able to make a fence to keep out wild animals. If you become a lawyer, you should at least make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you do not know how to defend your client.If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business staying in college.If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy, the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be here at college. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact.Our colleges always produce such people. We cannot help that. But we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that these college years have just passed them by without leaving anything on them. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.To become a civilized person, you need to know many things, and you cannot find out everything by yourself, because your life is too short.If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitation, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. You will not be considered as a civilized human being or a responsible citizen of a democratic society if you only care about making money, not realizing theimportance of the thinking of Aristotle, Chaucer, Einstein as something that will help cultivate in you the quality of being a human.A university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.Only when university successfully helps the students expose to the ideas that make them civilized human beings can we say it has real purpose to exist.More Crime and Less Punishment。
现代大学英语精读2完整lesson1PPT课件
Chaucer
La Rochefoucauld
Greek English
The Divine Comedy
Hamlet
.
6
Name
Nationality
Masterpiece
William Shakespeare
Alighier Dante
Italian German源自Relativity Maxims
.
9
Pre-class Questions
2) Why did the writer do some calculation? 3) Do you think the student was convinced? 4. What is the writer’s view on the purpose of a university? (theme)
Paraphrasing: Our colleges inevitably produce such people who can operate machines but who cannot think. We cannot help that. But we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that these college years have just passed them by without leaving anything on them.
appreciation
.
4
Background Information
Do you know anything about the famous historic literary figures below? Match the related information.
现代大学英语精读paraphrase和translation
Lesson Two: Two KindsParaphrase1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me thebest.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, asif this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, andI wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery. Phrases1.With almost no money down 几乎用不着交首付，几乎可以全部用贷款来买房2.The raised hopes and failed expectations 那些过高的希望和达不到的期盼3.Shorting out 短路4.The showpiece of our living room 我们起居室里的一件摆设5.Stiff-lipped smile 尴尬不自然的笑容6.Frighteningly strong 惊人地强大7.Follow their own mind 我行我素Sentence1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。
现代大学英语精读2paraphrase1（宝典）
Paraphrases Contemporary English Book II Lesson 1 ... I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1) ... I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. goto 2 to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) Subjunctive mood: I didn't point it out in fact. go to 3 I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university. to intend to do sth. to indicate, register, or show Here the word education is used in a broad sense, which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. go to 4 That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. (Para. 2) What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one's mental and moral powers. "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours." (Para.4) to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower More examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurant's monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year. go to 5 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) go to 6 You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you're a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn't get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client. In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family-wife and children. Noun clause, used as predicative go to 7 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5) I hope that your income will always be enough. go to 8 They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5) Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long! go to 9 "I hope you make a lot of it, " I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks." (Para. 8) Notice the sarcastic tone of the writer. If you don't have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. not to know what to do in a particular situation More examples: You've no business telling me what to do. She has no business reading your mail. go to 10 If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history-then you have no business being in college. (Para. 9) to have no right to do sth., shouldn't have been/be doing sth. If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn't regard those great people's minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can't be a developed human. go to 11 If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12) "too... to..."structure object of the verb "accept" ... when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. (Para. 14) "except" used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause The end of Sentence Paraphrase. both as specialists and as humans: as persons who have specialized and are trained in a certain subject or skill and as civilized creatures and thinking animals Lesson 2 11 Not that we didn't have our troubles. (Para. 5) When I say the year I got Maheegun was the happiest year of my life, I don't mean that Maheegun never caused troubles. although it is not true that... e.g. She loved music but seldom went to concerts-not that she couldn't afford to. To be continued on the next page. Maheegun would poke his head around the corner, waiting for things to quiet down. (Para. 5) would + v.: a past habit (At such times) he would move and stay somewhere out of Grandma's sight, and wait until her anger died down. 22 To be continued on the next page. And in the fall, after the first snow our games took us to the nearest meadows in search of field mice. (Para. 6) 33 When it was getting cold, and there were no more grasshoppers, we had to go the nearest meadow to hunt field mice. to make sb./sth. go from one level, or situation to another, e.g. His job as a UN official took him to over sixty countries. To be continued on the next page. It all served to fog my mind with pleasure so that I forgot my Grandpa's repeated warnings, and one night left Maheegun unchained. (Para. 8) to have a particular effect or result, e.g. The blanket could serve to keep the rain out for a while. 44 Figurative, to confuse or hide Objective complement To be continued on the next page. On top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening. (Para. 11) Absolute construction that describes the state the wolf was in sitting on the rock. The clear figureof a big wolf was sitting without moving on the top of the rock. His ears were raised and he seemed to be listening to something. 55 To be continued on the next page. Everything in the snow-covered wildness seemed to be aroused/stirred by the passionate cry of Maheegun. 66 to feel excited at sth. To be continued on the next page. The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. (Para. 14) "He will take her for life, hunt for her, protect her. This is the way the Creator planned life. No man can change it." (Para. 16) Cultural Note: According to the first part of the Bible, God created the world and everything in it in six days, and on the seventh day God rested. When God made human beings, he made a man called Adam out of the earth, and then made a woman called Eve out of Adam's ribs (one of the curved bones that surround your chest). God assigned different roles to Adam and Eve-the first man and woman, Adams role being to take care of Eve, provide for her and protect her, and also to guide her. God created living creatures in the same way. 77 all ones' life God To be continued on the next page. There was only one thing to do. Camp for the night and hope that by morning the storm would have blown itself out. (Para. 25) I knew that it was dangerous to move on in the blinding snow, and that the only thing to do was to stay where I was and get some sleep during the night and hope that I would find the snowstorm had stopped the next morning. 88 Subjunctive mood is used here because the storm didn't stop the next day. To be continued on the next page. 99 The light of another day still saw no end to the storm. I began to get confused. I couldn't recall whether it had been storming for three or four days. (Para. 26) to be the time when/the place where an event happens; to witness When the first gray light of another day came, the storm was going on. I found myself unable to think clearly. I couldn't tell whether the snowstorm had continued into its third or fourth day. To becontinued on the next page. The cold and loss of blood were taking their toll. (Para. 36)10 10 As I had lost a lot of blood, and it was extremely cold, I was sick and weak. to havea bad effect on sb./sth. over a long period of time To be continued on the next page. It was quite some time before my eyes came into focus enough to see my grandfather sitting by my bed. (Para. 41) It took quite some time for my eyes to adjust themselves to be able to see clearly my grandfather sitting by my bed. The end of Sentence Paraphrase.11 11 Lesson 3 11 We already have 2.4 million people under some form of correctional supervision, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Para. 1) In this country, there are already 2.4 million people who are receiving punishment in one form or another; 412,000 of them are serving their prison terms. a euphemism, meaning being disciplined, or being made to improve one's behavior under the charge of the community, etc. as a punishment To be continued on the next page. 11 Cultural note: In the U.S., besides imprisonment, there are other forms of punishment. For example, young people who break the law can be put into a reform school where they receive training. Or they might be required to do community service work for a fixed number of hours. go to 2 22 Countries like Saudi Arabia can afford to give out harsh punishments precisely because they have so little crime. (Para. 2) go to 3 Cultural note: In some Islamic countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, severe punishment is enforced on crimes of any kind. For example, murderers are invariably put to death, and pickpockets, thieves and robbers are often punished, by having their hands cut off. 33 But can we afford to cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million property crimes each year? Can we send them to prison? Can we execute more than 22,000 murderers? (Para. 2) But can we cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million crimes of stealing, mugging or robbery each year? Can we put all of them into prison? Can we put to death the more than 22,000 murderers each year? Can we do all that without arousing cries of protests? rhetorical questions, and use of repetition To be continued on the next page. 33 go to 4 Cultural note: In the U.S., even when the suspect involved in a murder case is caught, he is more often than not found innocent because the accused is held "innocent until proven guilty" and is convicted "beyond reasonable doubt", and it is not so easy to find evidence about which no reasonable doubt can be raised. 无罪推定,排除合理疑点后才能判罪Note the irony in comparing university enrollment and imprisonment. 44 Just as the decline in the number of high- school graduates has made it easier to gain admission to the college of one's choice, the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. (Para. 4) The increasing number of crimes has made it more difficult to get criminals into prison while the decreasing number of high-school graduates has made it easier to be admitted into the college of a person's choice. go to 5 Note the sarcasm in this remark. 55 While elite colleges and universities still have high standards of admissions, some of the most "exclusive" prisons now require about five prior serious crimes before an inmate is accepted into their correctional program. (Para. 4) There is a similarity between prisons and universities in their recruiting policy. You've got to be outstanding candidates to get into the best colleges and universities. Similarly, certain prisons for dangerous criminals only accept those who have committed five serious crimes before being convicted for the present one. go to 6 66 Our current crop of prisoners is an elite group, on the whole much more serious offenders than those who were once imprisoned in Alcatraz. (Para. 4) Our present imprisoned criminal populationis indeed composed of first-rate criminals. On the whole, they are much more seriouslaw-breakers than those who were put in a prison for the dangerous criminals of the country in the thirty years between the early 1930s and early 1960s. go to 7 here used ironically 77 The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. (Para. 5) First, the police force is unable to find most criminals. Second, it is difficult to prosecute those they have found, try them and finally get a court to declare them guilty, and it costs a lot of money to do so, too. To be continued on the next page. 77 Cultural note: According to the judicial system of the U.S., a criminal is tried by a jury who reaches a verdict of innocent or guilty. The accused is to be found guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". This makes it difficult to convict a criminal, for his lawyers can always raise a reasonable doubt concerning the evidence, the testimony or the reliability of the witnesses. Also, collecting evidence and having a trial cost a lot of money. Sometimes a trial might last months, or even years as the nine- month trial of O. J. Simpson, famous American football player and actor, who was charged with murdering his former wife and her boy friend, but eventually declared innocent. go to 8 88 Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to state and local governments. (Para. 7) If criminals were kept longer in prison, crime rates would probably go down. But when we consider the money that state and local governments have to pay for this, longer prison sentences are not worthwhile. compared with go to 9 keeping them locked up for longer periods of time 99 Even if released prisoners commit an average of two crimes each, this would amount to only 15,000 crimes prevented: a drop in the bucket when measured against the 41 million crimes committed each year. (Para. 8) go to 10 an amount of sth., that is too small or unimportant to make any real difference 杯水车薪,小巫见大巫 e.g. What we have raised is just a drop in the bucket. The project will need far more. 10 10 Thefirst-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy. (Para. 9) $150,000 would be worth it if there were only one person's life, such as yours or mine, to save, but such a policy would be much too expensive to carry out nationwide. go to 11 11 11 This essay, one of the series discussing crime and punishment, begins and ends with the same statement: dealing with crime severely won't work. an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer. (Para. 10) The end of Sentence Paraphrase. a remark, or statement Lesson 5 All the things considered, he thought it was a bad idea. (Para. 2) absolute construction go to 2 Sometimes his wife got this look where she pinched her brows together and bit her lower lip. (Para. 4) "Where" is used to indicate a relative clause. It can be used after words referring to an aspect of a situation, or a stage in sth. He squeezed to see how deep the wound was. (Para. 18) Noun clause introduced by "how" functions as the object of "see". go to 3 Pun: "Wound" refers to both the cut and injury to feelings. "Yes, different," he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating his words so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16) spoke abruptly and sharply go to 4 to turn to the help of the trick adjective phrase as subject complement appositive structure linked by "of" While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42) go to 5 had better he was doing the dishes He thought the years they had spent together, and how close they were, and how well they k。
现代大学英语精读第二版Unit答案
Unit 4Preview2.Do the following exercises.1.Paraphrase the following sentences.1.He had opened his eyes when the sun rose;scratched because he had an itch on the skin; relieved himself like a dog at the roadside…Notice the euphemism “done his business.”The author could not have used the normal expression”used the toilet”because there was no toilet.2.Live simply and freely.Pay no attention to conventions; which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful…3.They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon; he has sold the only true; lasting good; his own independence.4.He knew very well what he lived for:it was to change people’s values; to make them know the true meaning of life…5.He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or his century…2.Translate the words in bold type.1.我们那调皮的猫把我们的新沙发套都抓破了..2.你看问题别那么愤世嫉俗..你怎么能说我们的教育制度不但让我们的年轻人失业;而且使他们无法就业呢3.说来自相矛盾的是;他们越想帮忙;就越是妨碍了经济的发展..4.她正在使尽全力准备这一顿丰盛的晚餐..5.外汇储备太多不一定是件好事;这听起来有点矛盾;但的确是这么回事..6.我至今还不明白他们为什么抱怨我们政府的采购政策..你能跟我详细说说吗7.社会习俗同样也在变..先是量变;然后是质变..但这需要时间..3.Observe how these words are formed.1.-ware:articles of the same general kind2.auto-:prefix; meaning “same” or “self”3.These are compound adjective consisting of a noun and an adjective. In these words; the nouns modify the adjectives. Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions.Into English1.scratch each other’s backs2.publish or perish3.make RMB convertible4.seek the truth5.discard conventions6.satirize people’s vanity and extravagance7.the island is uninhabited; and being without drinking water; isalso uninhabitable.8.admire their courage/guts/bravery9.neglect one’s duty10.escape/avoid the consequence11.erase/delete sth from one’s memory12.take command13.block the way/stand in the way/be in one’s way14.ruin one’s reputation/nameInto Chinese1.年久失修的防御工事2.临时占用或建造的简陋小棚3.储物缸4.容易变质的商品5.社会旧习6.摇摇晃晃的酒鬼7.隐士住的山洞8.此刻的风云人物9.英雄人物10.决定未来的气势11.咄咄逼人的眼光12.对战争的恐慌13.落石如雨14.一小撮捣乱分子2.Put in the blanks appropriate propositions or adverbs.1.with;of2.with;up3.round4.with;out;of5.to;out;of;for;in6.by;for7.upon;over;to8.For;into 9.in;to;to10.to;out;of;into3.Choose the right words or expressions.1.ashamed;garment2.resulted from;matter3.affairs;requires;restrain4.restrict;empty5.respected;emulating6.empty;bare;bare7.changed;hollow8.vacant;respectfully9.activities;convertughing;behavior4.Replace the italicized parts with words or expressions from the text.1.minds; lunatic2.sick with anxiety; purchase; were highly perishable3.call upon; realm; a large corps of; seek out4.elaborate doctrines/creeds; developed/described/expounded5.approached; rose in respect6.examined/inspected; inhabited; occasionally; discarded7.out of choice/by design; complexities and extravagances8.gave scant; expected him to9.possessed; unanimously elected10.switched; with his air of destiny5.Translate the following sentences using the words listed below in their appropriate forms.1.Only in this way can we give a reasonable account of his strange behavior.2.She claims to possess a magic power--the power to cure diseasessimply by the touch of her hand.3.He appointed five people to handle the case.They formed a strong team. Within days they found in his possession rolls of euros; US dollars and large quantities of valuables the source of which the suspect could not account for.4.In the story; this evil spirit often appears in the form of a pretty young lady.5.He rolled up the painting and said that he would not part with it for less than a million dollars.6.Of all the qualified judges; I don’t know on what account she was appointed to the Supreme court.7.I don’t know enough to form an elaborate theory; but I’m sure that poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the crime rate.8.A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill; so big that it smashed the truck to pieces.9.I said that we must roll up our sleeves and start working; but he just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled.10.In ancient times; our philosophers believed that a good king should be to the people as a good father is to hi children. He must never treat them cruelly on any account.6.Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words which happen to have the same spelling.1.这事和我们没有关系;他弄错了抱怨的对象..bark v.狗叫2.据说这种树的树皮含有某种对癌症有疗效的物质..bark n. 树皮3.他们计划在哪里钻一个深洞来处理核燃料..但是这项计划受到了尖锐的批评..drill v. 钻孔； sharp adj. 尖锐的4.这些小学生们知道语言训练需要大量的练习..但他们发现这很枯燥..pupil n. 小学生；drill n. 操练5.他为那位银行要员准备了一桌极其丰盛的酒席;希望这能帮公司得到那笔贷款..难怪他今天穿得这么精神..elaborate adj. 丰盛的； sharp adj. 精神的6.这是大致的意思..以您的聪明;我想我就不用细说了..sharp adj. 机智的； elaborate v. 详细阐释7.瞳孔在昏暗的房间里会放大;以接受更多的光线..pupil n. 瞳孔8.那男子又高又瘦;两眼目光炯炯;鼻子又高又尖..sharp adj. 锐利的；sharp adj. 又高又尖的9.“别胡说八道了”他厉声说道..他嘴巴厉害的出名..坦白说;我们有点怕她..sharply adv. 厉声地； sharp adj. 厉害的10.那个骑车的人来个急转弯;失去了平衡..这事发生在下午八点一刻..sharp adj. 突然的； sharp adv. 整Grammar1.Recognize and learn to use present participles as adverbial modifiers.1 recognize the type of adverbial modifier in these sentences .Pattern 1: 1;4;6;10 pattern 2:3;7;8 pattern 3:2;5;92 rewrite the sentences using present participles .1 They talked to her for a good hour; trying to persuade her to stay on.2 Reading the book again ; she discovered that she had misseda lot in the first reading .3 The door opened .it was Harley ;who entered ;looking dirty and tired ;carrying a suitcase and umbrella.4 Having taken the injured boy and his parents to hospital ;the taxi driver left quickly.5 All those years ;she would often sit by the window and look out ;hoping to see her son returning home.6 Galileo died on January 8; 1642;leaving the world he loved better informed than it was when he entered it.7 Knowing it was dangerous to continue in the dark ;they decided to camp for the night where they were.8 I should wish to die while still at work ;knowing that others will carry on what i can no longer do ; and being content in the thought that what was possible has been done .2plete the sentence by translating the Chinese in brackets ;using either of the patterns below.Note: when ordinal;chiefly“first;”and such words as "next " and"last " are preceded by the definite article ;they are used as nouns .they are often used in these two patterns:the first /next/last+to-infinitivethe first /next/last+relative clause introduced by that or who Used in this way ;they can refer to one person/thing or to more than one .the first pattern is more frequently used than the second.1.The first to participate in the Olympic games2.The last to be promoted in the department3.The first to arrive ;the last to leave4.The first to send man into space;the first who set on the moon5.The next to rise the occasion6.One of the first to apply to become self-governing7.among the first to be considered8.The first to win a grand slam singles champion9.The last to know what had happened between the two of them10.The first to use nuclear weapons3. study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.1. This is a complex sentenceMain clause :all we require is one garment to keep us warm ;and some shelter from rain and windIn the main clause :Subject: all we requirepronoun +relative clauseLink verb : isPredicative :one garment to keep us warm ;and some shelter from rain and wind noun phrase +prepositional phraseSubordinate clause :since nature did not dress us properly an adverbial clause of reason2. This is also complex sentenceMain clause :i t was a storage jar made of earthenware ;no doubt discardedIn the main clause :Subject: itLink verb : wasPredicative :a storage jar made of earthenware ;no doubt discarded noun phrase +2 past participle phraseSubordinate clause :because a break had made it useless an adverbial clause of reason4.Translate the selection into Chinese我为什么而活贝特朗.罗素三种简单却极为强烈的激情主宰了我的一生：渴望爱情、寻求知识、同情人类的苦难..这三种激情像飓风一般;将我四处吹荡;越过痛苦的海洋;抵达绝望的边缘..我追求爱情;首先因为它能使人欣喜若狂——这种喜悦比较美妙;我愿为几小时的享受而舍弃余生..其次;因为它能驱散孤独感——在那种令人害怕的孤独中;颤抖的意识越过世界边缘;盯着深奥莫测、没有生命的深渊..最后在爱的结合中;我看到了圣人和诗人想象中的天堂景象..这就是我曾寻求的;尽管这对人类生活似乎可望而不可即;但我最终还是找到了我之所求..带着同等的激情;我寻求知识..我希望了解人类的感情..我试图理解.......我获得了一些知识;但不多..爱情和知识;在其可能的范围之内;引导我飞翔天堂;但怜悯心总又把我带回人间..痛苦的哭喊声在我心中回响..饥荒中的儿童、受压迫者折磨的人们、成为孩子累赘而无依无靠的老人;还有随处可见的孤独;但我无能为力;我也痛苦..这就是我的生活..我认为这样的生活是有价值的;如果有机会;我将高高兴兴的以同样的方式再活一回..。
现代大学英语精读基础英语paraphrase
Unit 1 Text ⅠThinking as a HobbyParaphrases of the Text1.The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural.3The leopard symbolizes Nature,which stands for all animal needs or desires.美洲豹象征着自然,它在那里显得很自然而已;2.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left meout.15Everybody, except me ,is born with the ability to thin大自然赋予其余的所有的人第六感觉却独独漏掉了我;3.You could hear the wind trapped in the cavern of his chest and struggling with allthe unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.19你能听到风被他的胸腔堵住,遇到障碍物艰难前进发出的声音;他的身体因为不习惯这样的感觉而摇摇晃晃,脸色变得惨白;4.In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible andirresistible spring in his neck.20Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought, instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.在这种情况下,我认为他不是受思想,而是受他后颈里某个看不到却无法抗拒的发条的控制;5.Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as mostpolitician’s intentions, or to come near my own preoccupation - as coherent as most books that get written.23This ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent,dishonest and incoherent but also despises most businessmen, distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.从技术上而言,它娴熟如同商人玩高尔夫,诚实如同政客的意图,或者——更接近我自己的领域——有条理如同大多数写出来的书;6.We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded.24The Grade 3 thinkers usually represent the great majority, so we has to respect them because we are surrounded by them.我们最好尊重他们,因为我们处于他们的包围之中,势单力薄;7.Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.24 The author thinks that just like cows always eat the grass of the same side of a hill, it is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.人是一种爱群居的动物,就象牛喜欢沿着山坡的同一条道路吃草一样喜爱共识;8.I slid my arm round her waist and murmured breathlessly that if we were countingheads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.27我伸手揽过她的腰屏住呼吸低声说,如果算人数我该捐钱给佛教徒;露丝的确是为我好,因为我人这么好;但是我的手臂加上那些数不胜数的佛教徒实在让她无法忍受了;9.It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and stilldo. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them.32What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. My grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances.又是露丝的问题;我曾有一些很要好的朋友站在我这边,他们现在仍然站在我这边;但是我的熟人都不见了,带着他们的女孩子消失了;Unit 2 Text ⅠSpring SowingParaphrases of the Text1....sleep and yet on fire with excitement, for it was the first day of their first springsowing as man and wife.3Although they were still not fully awake, the young couple was already greatly excited, because that day was the first day of their first spring sowing since getting married.有些困乏,也很兴奋,因为这是他们作为夫妇第一个春播的第一天;2.But somehow the imminence of an event that had been long expected loved, fearedand prepared for made them dejected.3The couple had been looking forward to and preparing for this spring planting for a long time. But now that the day had finally arrived, strangely, they felt somehow a bit dejected, unhappy, sad, or depressed.但是随着春播的迫近,这一他们为之期待许久,热爱,害怕和准备的大事的临近,他们反而有些沮丧;3.Mary, with her shrewd woman’s mind, thought of as many things as there are in lifeas a woman would in the first joy and anxiety of her mating.3Mary, like all sharp and smart women, thought of everything that was going to happen in the rest of her life. At that time, she had the complex thoughts of a woman at the first crucial moment of her marriage. She was filled with joy and anxiety and was bothered by many thoughts.玛丽用她精明的女性的思维,思考着一个女人在新婚生活中所得到的快乐和生活中的琐事;4.Martin fell over a basket in the half-darkness of the barn, he swore and said that aman would be better off dead than (4)It would be better for him to die than tripped over a basket.马丁再昏暗的谷仓中被一只篮子绊倒了;5.And somehow, as they embraced,all their irritation and sleepiness left them. Andthey stood there embracing until at last Martin pushed her from him with pretended roughness and said:“Come, come, girl, it will be sunset before we begin at this rate.”4All the anger, unhappiness and drowsiness melted away with their hug. They remained in each others arms until finally Martin pushed her away, with pretended roughness.他们就这样拥抱着,直到最后马丁推开了玛丽,并假装强硬的说道：“来吧,快点,姑娘,再这样下去当我们开始时太阳都要下山了;”6....as they walked silently...through the little hamlet, there was not a soul about.5 When they walked silently through the small village, they saw not a single person around.当他们穿着生皮鞋穿过小村庄时,那还没有其他人;7.And they both looked back at the little cluster of cabins that was the center of theirworld, with throbbing hearts. For the joy of spring had now taken complete hold of them.5他们带着悸动的心跳同时回头看看村庄中相似的小屋,那就是他们生活的世界的中心;春播的喜悦已经紧紧地包裹住了他们;8.Suppose anybody saw us like this in the field of our spring sowing, what would theytake us for but a pair of useless, soft, empty-headed people that would be sure to die of hunger12If people should see us like this with your arm around my waist, what would they think of us They were sure to regard us as a pair of good-for-nothings, people who are unable to endure hardships and foolish and, therefore, were sure to die of hunger.“想想如果有人看到我们在春播的土地上这样,他们只会把我们当成一对没用、软弱、没脑子的会被饿死的傻瓜,呼”9.She became suddenly afraid of that pitiless, cruel earth, the peasant’s slave master,which would keep her chained to hard work and poverty all her life until she would sink again into its bosom.13She became afraid of the earth because it was going to force her to work like a slave and force her to struggle against poverty all her life until she died and was buried in it.10.It overpowered that other feeling of dread that had been with her during themorning.17But when she sat and looked around the village, the fields and the people, a strange feeling of happiness arose in her. The feeling of joy drove away the feeling of terror that she had had in the morning.11.The strong smell of the upturned earth acted like a drug on their nerves.2012.All her dissatisfaction and weariness vanish from Mary’s mind with the deliciousfeeling of comfort that overcame her at having done this work with her husband.34Unit 3 Text ⅠGroundless BeliefsParaphrases of the Text1.They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody’s bare assertion unsupported byeven a show of proof (1)They are only based on tradition, or on somebody’s assertion, but are not supported even by the least amount of proof.这些说法仅仅根据传统,或者根据某人毫无证据的断言……2.But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian had beenexchanged when infants,and if they had been brought up with home and all other influences reversed, we can had very little doubt what the result would have been.3 If they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up different homes and under different influences, then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian, vice versa. This shows that our beliefs are largely influenced by surroundings. 不过,如果在婴儿时期把最虔诚的罗马天主教徒和长老会教义信徒予以交换,然后使他们在相反的家庭与影响下长大,所能得出的结果是毋庸置疑的;3.It is consistent with all our knowledge of psychology to conclude that each wouldhave grown up holding exactly the opposite beliefs to those he holds now (3)我们可以根据所掌握的心理学知识得出结论,两人长大后会持有与现在恰好相反的观点……4.Of course we do not cease, when we cease to be children, to adopt new reliefs onmere suggestion.4Of course it does not mean that when we grow up we no longer have these mistaken beliefs. We are still easy and often willing victims of newspapers and advertising.当然,我们长大后也不会停止仅仅根据建议接受新观点;5.We should remember that the whole history of the development of human thoughthas been full of cases of such “obvious truths” breaking down when examined in the light of increasing knowledge and reason.8我们应该记住,在人类思想发展的整个历史过程中充满了这种“明显的真理”现象,经过人类不断增长的知识与理性的检验,这些“真理”不攻自破;6.The age-long struggle of the greatest intellects in the world to shake off thatassumption is one of the marvels of history.9世界上最伟大的学者们经过长期斗争否定了这一假设,这也是人类历史上的一大奇迹;7.Many modern persons find it very difficult to credit the fact that men can even havesupposed otherwise.10许多现代人发现很难相信人们曾有过另一种假设;8.We adopt and cling to some beliefs because—or partly because—it “pays” us to doso. But, as a rule, the person concerned is about the last person in the world to be able to recognize this in himself.14Peoples who hold those beliefs through self-interest usually will not admit this. They usually try to cloak themselves with beautiful altruistic words.我们之所以接受并且坚持某些观点的原因是——或者部分原因是——这样做对我们“有好处”;9.There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because heis a “somebody”in some circle—and if he were to abandon that belief, he would find himself nobody at all.15Many people are forced to hold a belief because he has become an important person in his group. If he gave up that belief, he would turn insignificant at once.许多人无意识地被迫坚持某种观点,因为他是某个圈子里的“重要人物”——如果他放弃这一观点,就会成为无足轻重的小人物;10.Somewhat similar is the acceptance of an opinion through the desire—probably notrecognized by the person concerned—to justify his own nature, his own position, or his own behaviour.17另一种类似的情况是有些人出于证明自己的性格、立场或行为的愿望而接受某一种观点,也许当事人不承认这一点;Unit 4 Text ⅠLions and Tigers and BearsParaphrases of the Text1.Of course, anybody who knows anything about New Y ork knows the city’s essentialplatitude --- that you don’t wander around Central Park at night --- and in that, needless to say, was the appeal; it was the thing you don’t do.1Everybody who knows New York knows the widely discussed topic there, that is, you should not wander in Central Park at night because it’s dangerous. However, precisely because of the risk, there are always people attracted to do so. They just wish to do what people normally don’t do.当然,了解纽约的人都知道关于这座城市老生常谈的话题——夜里不能在中央公园闲逛——而这,不用说,正是吸引力所在：它是你平常不会做得事情;2.So far , so normal, and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeareproduction anywhere in America, except in one respect (3)And tonight’s performance could be any outdoor performance of Shakespeare’s play one regularly finds in summer in America. There was only one difference.到目前为止,一切还算正常,这和美国任何地方在室外上演的莎士比亚夏令剧目没什么不同,除了一点：3....the rotating red light was like a campfire in the wild, warning what’s out there tostay away.3旋转着的红色警灯就像野外的篝火,警告四周存在的威胁不要靠近;4.I got my bearings.6 I found where i was. 我终于认清了方向;5.The park was to be strolled through, enjoyed as an aesthetic experience, like a walkinside a painting.7人们漫步于公园,享受美的体验,犹如走进一幅油画中一样;6.I was emboldened by the realization: I was no longer afraid; I was frightening.9意识到这点,我的胆子就大了起来：我不再害怕了,令人害怕的是我;7.The park is now framed, enveloped even, by the city, but there was no escaping therecognition that the city—contrived, man-made, glaring obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy--- was very beautiful.12But there was no denying the fact you have to admit that the city was very beautiful, although it was not a natural kind of beauty, it was artificial and showy, and it used up a great amount of water and energy.公园现在被镶嵌在城市中,甚至被城市包裹,但不可否认的是这座城市——这座经过雕琢的、人工打造的、灯火辉煌8.And then, nature finding herself unable to resist, it started to pour.24Unit 9 Text ⅠThe Damned Human RaceParaphrases of the Text1.That is to say, I have subjected every postulate that presented itself to the crucialtest of actual experiment, and have adopted it or rejected it according to the result.para.2In other words, I have put every theory or hypothesis there is to the decisive test of actual experiment.也就是说,通过实验,我对每一种假设都进行了检测,并根据实验结果采纳或者否定了这一假设;2.I was aware that … have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out oftheir poor servings in order to partially appease that appetite. para.4I knew that many man who have more money than they can ever use have shown a maddesire to get more, and they have not ed to cheat poor people and their few saving in order to y that desire.我意识到,许多人虽然聚敛了不计其数的财富,然而他们仍然渴望更多,并且从无知又无助的人身上肆无忌惮地夺取微薄的财富,以便来平息心中的愿望;3.Men keep harems but it is by brute force, privileged by atrocious laws which theother sex were allowed no hand in making. para.6人妻妾成群,只是依靠暴力,由暴力的法律来授予特权;然而女性是无权参与制定这些法律的;4.He will not even enter a drawing room with his breast and back naked, so alive arehe and his mates to indecent suggestion. para.8他甚至不会裸露着乳房和屁股走进卧室,但他和同伴对下流的暗示又十分敏感;5.No--- Man is the Animal that Blushes. He is the only one that does it --- or hasoccasion to. para.8No, man is not the only animal that laughs, but it is true that man is the animal that blushes. He is the only animal that does it or has the need to.不——人是会脸红的动物;是唯一会脸红的动物——或者说有必要脸红;6.Man---when he is King John, with a nephew to render untroublesome, he uses ared-hot iron; para.9In the case of King John who wanted to get rid of his nephew he used a red-hot iron to torture him.当他作为约翰国王的时候,为了除掉侄子,他会用烧红的烙铁来折磨他；7.The cat is moderate---unhumanly moderate, she only scares the mouse, she does nothurt it; she doesn’t dig out its eyes, or tear off its skin, or drive splinters under its nails---man-fashion; when she is done playing with it she makes a sudden meal of itand puts it out of its trouble. para.9猫是适度的——与人不同的是它在吓唬老鼠,并不去伤害它;它不去挖老鼠的眼睛,剥它的皮,或者把木条钉进它的指甲里——像人一样;在它戏弄玩老鼠之后,他、便突然把它当饭吃了,使它脱离痛苦;8.He sets himself apart in his own country, under his own flag, and sneers at the othernations, and keeps multitudinous uniformed assassins on hand at heavy expense to grab slices of other people’s countries…para.13It is claimed that man is the only Patriot. Only man is capable of such noble sentiment. But what does it mean It simply means that he keeps himself away from others, occupies a piece of land, calls it his own country, and thinks that he is better than others, then he puts up a flag and gathers together a group of killers and steals land from others.他打着国旗,在自己的国度里自诩与众不同,并嘲笑其他国家;他不惜花费重金,屯兵无数,就是为了吞噬大片他人的国土9.He is the only animal that has the True Religion, several of them. He is the onlyanimal that loves his neighbor as himself, and cuts h is throat if his theology isn’t straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brother’s path to happiness and heaven. para.14In trying to make it easy for his brother to find happiness and go to heaven, he has turned the world into a graveyard he has caused the death of millions around the world in converting them to his religion人是唯一信仰宗教的的动物;他是唯一信奉正统宗教——几种宗教的动物,也是唯一爱邻居就像爱自己一样的动物,如果邻居的神学理论不纯正,人就割断她的喉咙;他把全球变成了一个大墓地,千方百计为他的兄弟谋求幸福,为其上天堂铺平道路;10.The higher animals have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be leftout, in the Hereafter. I wonder why It seems questionable taste. para.14And we are told that they will not be allowed to go to the next world heaven. I wonder why It seems to show poor taste to leave out the higher animal and allow only human beings to go to heaven.高级动物没有宗教信仰;我们被告知,它们死后将被排除在天堂之外;我不明白这是为什么看来这是值得怀疑的选择标准;Unit 11 Text ⅠSoldier’s HeartParaphrases of the Text1.There is a brief purring sound, then a rhythmic drumming. para.2There is the sound of the plane dropping bombs or guns firing shells rhythmically.2.…it was the course for upper division students known as the colloquium. para.43.I don’t suppose many of our soldiers in the Gulf War have suffered from it --- theywere spared a long engagement. para.74.Two of the guards were the kind Chekhov describes in “Ward No.6” para.95.Once he waggled the stump under my face with a sly smile. This, he gave me tounderstand, was why he had been excused from military service. para.9Once he waved what remained of his trigger finger in front of me with a tricky smile. By doing this, he made me believe that this the cutting of his finger was the reason why he was able to escape being drafted into the army.6.Speaking only for myself, I think they brought me out of the fog in which I had beenwalking. para.10As far as I’m concerned, I think the shock treatment was effective and it helped me to regain my senses and become normal.7.I believe with Shakespeare that there are more thinkgs in heaven and earth than aredreamed of in the philosophy of those who serve the world, and who administer its institutions, and grow rich. para.11I agree with what Shakespeare says, that is there are more important things in heaven and in the world, things that are missing in the philosophy of the rich and powerful, things that these people have never dreamed of.8.The men and women I worked with in universities were pale and unreal incomparison. They were hollow and filled with words. para.22Compare to the people with whom I fought side by side during the war, the people I worked with in universities were pale and unreal. They talked a lot but their words were empty and meaningless because they had not experienced real life.9.They were deaf to the music. para.27My war experience gave me poetry and music. I would never get tired of writing about it. But they just didn’t care to know what happened in the war.。
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Another School Year—What For?
It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.
The B.S. certificate would indicate/prove that the holder had special training in pharmacy, but it would also show that he/she had been introduced to some great ideas in the history of human civilization.
You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.
As a pharmacist, you should at least make sure that your medicine is not mixed up with poison. If you are an engineer, you should at least be able to make a fence to keep out wild animals. If you become a lawyer, you should at least make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you do not know how to defend your client.
If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business staying in college.
If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy, the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be here at college.
Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact.
Our colleges always produce such people. We cannot help that. But we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that these college years have just passed them by without leaving anything on them. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.
To become a civilized person, you need to know many things, and you cannot find out everything by yourself, because your life is too short.
If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitation, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. You will not be considered as a civilized human being or a responsible citizen of a democratic society if you only care about making money, not realizing the importance of the thinking of Aristotle, Chaucer, Einstein as something that will help cultivate in you the quality of being a human.
A university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.
Only when university successfully helps the students expose to the ideas that make them civilized human beings can we say it has real purpose to exist.
More Crime and Less Punishment。