写作替换词必备

34
range
≈spectrum
35
sense
≈recognition
36
part
component（这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）
37
wise [相关]
sensible(adj.)
38
gap
disparity
39
asystem for a particular purpose
≈a mechanism for„
11
human beings（备考生使用过多）
humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race
12
wealth
fortune(s)（fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）
13
[相关] rich
wealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14
skill
≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)
77
hobby
≈ pastime/ diversion
78
progress
progression（经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题）
79
failure
setback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）
80
importance
significance（当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨用这个）
31
manydifferent kinds of…
avariety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…
32
wrongideas held by many people
misconceptions
33
fame
prestige/ sterling reputation
8
car
automobile
9
economiccrisis
economic meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）
10
famouspeople
celebrities（单数为celebrity）
69
aperson who benefits fromsth.
abeneficiary ofsth.
70
adisease that spreads quickly
an epidemic（注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）
71
avery unpleasant way of life
misery
scarcity(of)/ dearth (of)
102
theonly one
anexception
103
placeswhere animals live
habitat形容词
104
worrying
≈disturbing
形容词
105
verypopular
prevalent/ ubiquitous
106
7
advertisement/ advertising
如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135****，办证”）,billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements（公益广告）
29
influence
impact/ repercussion/ implication
30
influenceon each other
mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B
15
[派生] skilled
adept/ adroit (adj.)
16
method
methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）
17
field
sphere/ domain/ arena
18
understandingof
≈grasp of/ command of
4
sadness
sorrow/ grief
5
danger
hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous; hazardous
6
education
≈schooling（指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.
TRUE
genuine(truly a genuinely)
107
deep
profound（深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts）
108
strong
powerful/ mighty
109
weak
≈vulnerable
43
organizationsthat help poor people
charities/ charitable organizations
44
difference
distinction
45
[派生] be different from
bedistinct from (adj.)
46
person
individual
92
[派生] harmful
detrimental(adj.)
93
[派生] be harmful to
≈ pose a threat to
94
badluck
misfortune
95
trouble
adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship
96
crime
offense/ criminal act
88
thoughts
≈ considerations
89
thelack of knowledge
ignorance（注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）
90
harm(n.)
adverseeffect
91
harm(vt.)
damage destroy/ ruin（这两个词比damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment）undermine（后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize（后面跟抽象概念，比如one's future/ one's career）tarnish（后面跟one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen（后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）
72
atask that requires lots of effort
anarduous task
73
emotion
≈ sentiment
74
enemy
≈ opponent/ foe
75
narrowminds
insular minds（狭隘的头脑或者观念）
76
away to dosth.
anapproach to doingsth./ an avenue towardssth.
81
duty
obligation（用于比较重要的责任）
82
difficulty
hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles
83
pressurefrom your classmates
peerpressure
84
citizenswho can work
labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）
≈recreation
60
self-respect
≈ self-esteem and dignity
61
respectsb./sth.
holdsb./sth.inhigh regard
62
[反义] look down on…
treat… with contempt = despise (v.)
Байду номын сангаас63
self-control
97
youthcrime
≈juvenile delinquency
98
criminaloffender/
≈culprit/ ≈perpetrator
99
seriouscrime
heinouscrime/ felony
100
aminor crime
amisdemeanor
101
shortage(of)
24
theInternet
≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)
25
honesty
≈integrity
26
strongbelief
faith(in)
27
aim
intention
28
worries
anxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）
anovelty
55
athing that is rare
ararity
56
thingsthat people are not sure about
uncertainties
57
aworld language
auniversal language
58
friends
companions
59
relaxation
self-discipline
64
criminal
convict
65
prisoner
inmate
66
drinks
≈alcoholic beverages
67
peoplewho walk on the street
pedestrians
68
oldgenerations in history
ancestors
40
asolution tosth.
aremedy forsth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）
41
badstudents
≈ unruly students/ disruptive students
42
badbehavior
unethicalbehavior/ immoral behavior
47
personality
≈ disposition
48
businesses
enterprises（这里指企业）
49
pricesthat are too high
exorbitantprices
50
therate of…
the incidence of…（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）
51
intenseenthusiasm
zeal/ passion
52
cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）
globalcultural homogenization
53
athing that is necessary
anecessity
54
athing that is new and interesting
学生常用表达
更得分的表达方式
名词
1
thingsthat one tries hard to do
one'sundertakings/ one's commitments
2
The fact is that…
The reality is that…
3
joy
happiness/ delight/ enjoyment
19
choice
option
20
cooperation
≈collaboration
21
basicstructure in a city or a country
infrastructure
22
tirednessfor a long time
fatigue
23
isa must of
is a prerequisite for（是……的必备先决条件）
85
problemsor diseases that exist for a long time
persistentproblems/ chronic diseases
86
alife without regular exercise
asedentary lifestyle
87
result
consequence（表示消极的结果更多一些）