定语从句基础讲解

先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配） 先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配）
• He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. • (through which 即__________________________) through the telescope • 3．当关系代词作_______________________的宾语时，此时因定短语中 动词＋介词” “动词＋介词”固定短语 的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。
• This is the watch which you‘re looking for. • This is the watch for which you’re looking.
which • This is the pen _____ I wrote the letter with． which • This is the pen with_____ I wrote the letter ． whom • He is a kind of man _________you can safely depend on.
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只用that引导场合 引导场合 只用 1.当先行词既包括人又包括物时 2.指物的先行词是或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 3. 先行词是指物的不定代词 all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing 4.指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时 5.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 that 1.Shanghai is no longer the city ______it used to be． 2.They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that ______could cause pollution． that 3.This train is the last ____will go to Suzhou． which Last night ,I saw a very good film, ______was about the Long March . whom This is the man from ______I learnt the news I have found that _________I was looking for. which
as
• 关系副词的用法 • (一)当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词 when ; where ;why • 关系副词有____________________
•
• • • • •
when I still remember the day _________I first came to Beijing．
• 1．当先行词是way意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三 种形式。如： • What surprised me was not what he said but the way _____________ he said it. • 注意下面两个句子中关系词的不同，试比较： • The way ________ he explained to us was quite simple． • The way ______________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. • 定语从句用法其他要点 • (一)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略 • (二)定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 • 1．one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词。如： • Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that _____ been produced in Hollywood． • 2．the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。如： • The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that _____ seen from the moon．
whose • This is the house ______window broke last night．
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关系代词whose的用法
whose •This is the house ______ window broke last night．
the window of which =This is the house, _______________ broke last night． of which the window =This is the house, __________________ broke last night．
(When = on which) where Can you tell me the office__________ he works? (where = in which) why Do you know the reason _________he is absent? (why = for which)
the window of which broke last night． =This is the house, _______________ the window of them =This is the house, __________________ broken last night． The window of them This is the house .__________________ were broken last night． ．
• 非限制性定语从句中 ;介词放在关系代词之前 ； 介词放在关系代词之前
that • 1.This is the very bus _______I'm waiting for． • 2.The only thing _______we can do is (to) give you some that money． • 3.Do you have anythingthat ______you want to say for yourself? • 4.This is a house in ________Lu Xun once lived． which • 5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_______．of course，made the others envy him． which whom • 6.He is a person from_____ you can learn a lot.
•
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree．
仍然适用全都倒装
as 与which的区别与共同点
• 1.区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后， 1.区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后， 区别 引导的非限制性定语从句 有时还可插入主句中， which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之 有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之 后。 • As is known to everybody , the moon travels round the earth once every month． • The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month. • The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody • 2. 相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容， 相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容， • 当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：be known，be said，be reported，be announced等。 as • She has been absent again, ______is expected． which • Tom has made rapid progress，_________ makes me very happy． • as常用在as seems likely，as(it)often happens，as (it)was printed out， as(it)was said earlier，as I remember(it)，as I understand(it)，as(it)appears等 结构中。
why Do you know the reason _________he is absent that Do you know the reason _________he gave for his absence. where Can you tell me the house__________ he lives that Can you tell me the house__________ he bought yesterday? when This is the day ________ we make a decision to work hard. This is the day ________we will never forget. that
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定语从句基础知识测试： 定语从句基础知识测试： 关系代词有： •that, which, who, whom, whose, _____________________________________ 主语、宾语、表语， 主语、宾语、表语， |在定语从句中可作的成分有_____________________ 定语。 定语。 Whose:在定语从句作______________________ who, whom, whose, that； 代人的有：_____________________ 代物的有：_________________________ •that, which, whose. 改错：That is the person which you want to see. 改错 whom/that/ /
“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择 介词＋关系代词”
定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配 • 1.介词的确定应依据______________________________
• Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? shake hands with… • (___________________是习惯性搭配) • 2.介词常受____________________
注意：当先行词为人时，后面不可能用 注意：当先行词为人时，后面不可能用which
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that Do you know the things and persons _____they are talking about?
• 当先行词既有人又有物时 ,只能用 只能用that 只能用
• • • • •
The man who helped you is Mr White . who 在从句中做help的主语 I‘m not the fool that you thought me to be. That在从句中做be的表语 A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words. • Which在从句中做tell的主语
• As is known to everybody ,the moon travels round the earth once every month． • =The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody It • =______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the eaBiblioteka Baiduth once every month． What • =__________is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month． as • I have the same dictionary ________you have. • Such a book __________you bought is not worth buying.