第三章词汇翻译

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第三章——词语的翻译(上)

第三章——词语的翻译(上)

第三章 词语的翻译
一、词语指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定 词是可以独立运用的最小语言单位,也是最小的语法 单位。 “辩义乃翻译之本” 辩义乃翻译之本” 辩义乃翻译之本 不明辨词义,就难以准确地表达原意。 (一)指称意义的理解与表达 指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”(陆国强, 1999:117),是语言交际中出现最早、使用频率最高 的意义,也是人们进行语言交际时所表达的最基本意 义。 两种语言之间的可译性正是由指称意义的基本对等决 定的。 例如: “月亮”和moon都反映了相同的客观事物, 其指称意义完全对等。
二、词语翻译与语言环境
词义与语境关系密切。 词义与语境关系密切。 “每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词” (Each word when used in a new context is a new word) (Firth, 1957) “没有语境,词就没有意义”(Malinowski, 1923)。 “在所有的翻译过程中,语境都是凌驾于一切的因素,而 且优先于任何的规则、理论或是基本意义”(Newmark, 1981: 113)。 在王宗炎先生编写的《英汉应用语言学词典》(1988)中将 语言环境定义为上下文,即词、短语、语句或篇章的前后 关系。 具体而言,词与词之间固定的或是临时的搭配关系以及词 语在语句、篇章中所处的位置都是语言环境的具体体现。
(一)根据语言语境确定原文词义
例1:……路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道 来,车夫也跑得更快。 By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. “洁白”的常见义项包括“纯白色”(例如:洁白的 雪)以及“纯洁、未受玷污“(例如:洁白的心灵) 但这两个义项与“马路”的搭配都不恰当。分析此句 的语言环境可以看出,“洁白”应该指“干净、洁 净”。译者选择clean一词,符合“洁白”一词与上 文“路上浮尘早已刮净”的逻辑搭配。

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章 词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章  词语英译

第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。

This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。

This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。

这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。

The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。

We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。

... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。

This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。

This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。

这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。

The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。

We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。

... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。

论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章《八佾》篇包括26章。

本篇主要内容涉及“礼”的问题,主张维护礼在制度上、礼节上的种种规定;孔子提出“绘事后素”的命题,表达了他的伦理思想以及“君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠”的政治道德主张。

以下是小编整理的论语第三章原文及翻译,欢迎阅读。

1、孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?”翻译:孔子谈到季氏时说:“用天子的礼乐(八佾舞)在他家的庭院中祭祀祖先(越礼),对于季氏这样的事情都可以容忍,还哪些事情不可以容忍呢?”2、三家者以雍彻。

子曰:“‘相维辟公,天子穆穆’,奚取于三家之堂?”翻译:孟孙、叔孙、季孙三家卿大夫,祭祀祖先时,按照天子的礼制唱着《雍》来撤除祭品。

孔子说:“《诗经》上说,‘天子祭祀宗庙,天下各路诸侯都来助祭,天子庄重肃穆地主祭。

’这两句话用在三家祭祀的庙堂之上,天下哪一个诸侯会来陪祭呢?”3、子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”翻译:孔子说:“一个人没有真诚的心意,能用礼做什么呢?一个人没有真诚的心意,能用乐做什么呢?”4、林放问礼之本。

子曰:“大哉问!礼,与其奢也,宁俭;丧,与其易也,宁戚。

”翻译:林放向孔子请教礼的根本道理。

孔子说:“你提的真是大问题啊!一般的礼与其辅张奢侈,宁可简约朴素;至于丧礼,与其仪式周全,不如心中哀戚。

”5、子曰:“夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也。

”翻译:孔子说:“夷狄(中原之外的少数民族)都有自己的君主,不像诸夏(中原各国)这些国家没有君主(因为时代很乱,弑父弑君的事情时常发生)。

”不如:不像。

6、季氏旅于泰山。

子谓冉有曰:“女弗能救与?”对曰:“不能。

”子曰:“呜呼!曾谓泰山不如林放乎?”翻译:季氏要去祭祀泰山(违背了礼)。

孔子对冉有说:“你不能劝阻他吗?”冉有说:“不能(当时冉有为季氏家臣)。

”孔子说:“唉!难道说泰山之神还不如林放懂礼吗?(或:难道说泰山之神能够接受季氏这种不合礼的祭祀吗?)”7、子曰:“君子无所争。

研究生翻译第三章遣词用字

研究生翻译第三章遣词用字

第三章遣词用字1.heavyheavy weather恶劣的天气heavy crops大丰收heavy fog浓雾heavy traffic拥挤的交通heavy artillery重炮heavy soil难耕的土地heavy sky阴沉的天空 heavy bombardment密集的轰炸heavy storm大风暴heavy ice厚冰heavy road泥滑难行的路heavy fire猛烈的炮火heavy heart沉重的心情heavy food难消化的食物heavy sea汹涌的大海heavy hand严厉的手段 heavy charge装满的火药heavy applause热烈的鼓掌heavy look忧愁的面容 heavy tongue 笨嘴笨舌heavy undertaking艰难的任务heavy snow鹅毛大雪heavy rain暴雨heavy money大笔的钱 heavy scene尴尬的场面heavy drinking狂饮heavy fighting恶战heavy market萧条的市场heavy sound低沉的声音heavy mortar稠灰浆heavy bread发酵不好的面包 heavy news 令人忧愁的消息heavy offensive 大规模的进攻heavy bombardment密集的轰炸2.Severesevere looks严肃的神色, severe test 严峻的考验, severe heating 急剧加热, severe contamination 严重污染, severe stress 危险的压力, severe training 严格的训练, severe winter 严冬, severe reasoning 严谨的推理, severe wound 重伤, severe temperature 急剧的气温变化, severe damage 严重的破坏, severe competition 激烈的竞争, severe criticism 严厉的批评, severe style 纯朴的文体, severe weather 恶劣的气候, severe attack 急剧发作, severe brake 急刹车, severe economic depression极度的经济萧条, severe sentence 重刑判决1. Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周,于是轻步穿过房间,去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。

第三章、社会事件的翻译(二、侯爵老爷在城里)

第三章、社会事件的翻译(二、侯爵老爷在城里)
; shrieked the man, in wild desperation, extending both arms at their length above his head, and staring at him. "Dead!" The people closed round, and looked at Monsieur the Marquis. There was nothing revealed by the many eyes that looked at him but watchfulness and eagerness; there was no visible menacing or anger. Neither did the people say anything; after the first cry, they had been silent, and they remained so. The voice of the submissive man who had spoken, was flat and tame in its extreme submission. Monsieur the Marquis ran his eyes over them all, as if they had been mere rats come out of their holes. He took out his purse.
“我真不明白,”他说道,“你们这班人怎么连自己和 自己的小孩都管不住。你们当中总有人来挡我的道。我还 不知道你们把我的马弄出什么伤来没有哩!喏,把这给 他!” 他扔了一个金币在地上,让跟班去拣,所有的头都向 前探着,因而所有的眼睛都看到金币落在地上。那高大汉 子又用撕裂人心的声音狂喊道:“死了!” 众人让开路,一个男人急步走上前来,抓住了大汉。 那痛苦不堪的人一头扑倒在他的肩上,抽泣、嚎叫不止, 一面用手指着喷泉,那儿有几个女人正俯身照看那捆一动 不动的东西,在它周围轻轻地走动。她们也像男人一样, 个个默不作声。 “我都知道了,我都知道了,”那刚刚赶到的人说, “要像个坚强的男子汉,我的加斯帕!可怜的小东西这么 死了,倒比活着强。他没受一点罪一下子就死去了。他活 着时像这样痛快过一个钟点么?” 选自 狄更斯 著 《双城记》

了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

Chapter 3THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors−d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。

2013汉英翻译 第三章 - 词汇翻译

2013汉英翻译 第三章 - 词汇翻译


(5) 注意词的政治含义 “农民” peasant 和farmer都可以和汉语的“农民”或“农夫”相对应。但 是这个词的含义却有差别。Farmer本指农场的经营者或所有者。 现在也可指以耕种为目的而租入土地的人。Peasant指住在农村中 的小农和以耕种土地为生的劳动者。英美国家常用farmer指一般 农民,而我们常用peasant指一般农民,并与landlord或worker相 对而言。 “侵略” invasion 和aggression都是汉语“侵略”的对应词。Invasion指军 事入侵,而aggression的含义范围较广,可指政治、军事、经济、 文化各方面。 “自主” autonomy和initiative都可以和汉语的“自主”相对应。Autonomy 指政治上有自治权利;initiative主要指思想上、行动上有主动性或 独立性。“独立自主”中的“自主”是指后一种意思,所以用 initiative. 打得赢就打,打不赢就走。 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot. 比较: Fight when we can win and run away when we cannot.


1. 我们找个安静点的地方好好聊聊。 2. 箱子里已经没有地方了。 3. 你希望留在部队还是到地方上去? 1. Let‟s find a quiet place where we can have a good talk. Let‟s find somewhere quiet so we can have a good talk. 2. There is no more space in the chest. There is no room left in the chest. 3. Do you wish to stay in the army or to transfer to a civilian unit? Would you like to stay in the army or leave for a non-military unit?

[VIP专享]了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

[VIP专享]了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

Chapter 3THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears,repairing the ravages of the night before.Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors−d'oeuvre,spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。

第三章 词语的翻译(2)

第三章 词语的翻译(2)

Designative Meaning (指称意义)
Linguistic Meaning Pragmatic Meaning (言内意义) (语用意义)
The reason why
translation can be carried out. Beauty in sound & form
One to one
2.包孕(inclusion)
在英汉语之间,有许多的词语在词义上只是部分对应。它们的意义范围 有广狭之分、抽象与具体之分、一般与个别之分。 汽车 小汽车(motor car)、公共汽车(bus)、载货汽车(truck)、面包车 (minibus)、出租车(taxi) 酒 白酒(spirit)、葡萄洒(wine)、啤酒 (beer) ,伏汁米酒 (glutinous rice wine) Rose 玫瑰、蔷薇及任何蔷薇科植物 Aunt 姑妈 ,舅妈 ,姨妈 ,伯母 ,婶娘 Beauty 美貌(抽象);美人(具体) Milk 奶(一般);人奶,牛奶,羊奶(个别)
change in collocation or context.
Diction
―譬如一个名词或动词,写不出,创作时候可以回
避,翻译上却不成,也还得想,一直弄到头昏眼花,
好象在脑子里面摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没
有。”
——鲁迅《且介亭杂文二集》
一名之立,旬月踌躇
——严又陵
2.1 词义的选择
By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.

古代汉语翻译

古代汉语翻译

古代汉语翻译第三章词汇P99颖考叔为颖谷封人,闻之,有献于公。

公赐之食,食舍肉。

公问之。

对曰:“小人有母,皆尝小人之食矣,未尝君之羹,请以遗之。

”公曰:“尔有母遗,?我独无!”颖考叔曰:“敢问何谓也?”公语之故,且告之悔。

对曰:“君何患焉!若阙地及泉,隧而相见,其谁曰不然?”公从之。

公入而赋:“大隧之中,其乐也融融!”姜出而赋:“大隧之外,其乐也泄泄!”遂为母子如初。

颖考叔(郑大夫)是颖谷(地名)封人(镇守边疆的官职),听到这件事,有东西献给郑庄公。

庄公赏赐给他酒肉,(颖考叔)进食时把肉放在一边。

庄公问他为什么这样,颖考叔答道:“小人有个老娘,我吃的东西她都尝过,只是不曾品尝过君王宫中带汁的肉食,请允许我带回去给她吃。

”庄公说:“你有个母亲可以孝敬,唯独我偏偏没有!”颖考叔说:“冒昧地问一下您说的是什么意思?”庄公告诉他缘故,并且告诉他后悔的心情。

颖考叔答道:“您在这件事上忧虑什么呢?如果挖掘土地达到泉水,从隧道中相见,谁说不是这样呢(既可母子相见,又不算违背誓言)?”庄公依了他的话。

庄公进入隧道赋诗:“大隧道之中相见,那快乐啊!真是暖融融的。

”姜氏走出隧道进而赋诗:“大隧道之外相见,多么快乐啊!”从此作为母亲和儿子像当初一样。

P102关关雎鸠,在河之洲。

雎鸠关关地对唱,栖息在黄河上面的小岛。

桃之夭夭,灼灼其华。

桃花盛开,色彩鲜艳如火。

无边落木萧萧下。

一望无垠的落叶树木萧萧地落下。

古者重语,皆为形容之词,有单举其文,与重语同义者,如‘肃肃,敬也’,‘丕丕,大也’,只言“肃”、只言‘丕’,亦为“敬也”、“大也”;有单举其文即与重语异义者,如‘坎坎,喜也’,‘居居,恶也’,只言‘坎’,只言‘居’,则非“喜”与“恶”矣。

燕燕于飞,差池其羽。

燕子天上飞翔,参差舒展翅膀。

行行重行行,与君生别离。

走了又走,不停地走,和你活生生地离别。

树树皆秋色,山山惟落晖。

每一棵树都染上秋天的色彩,每一座山都披上落日的余晖。

第三章 词语的翻译(一)(Translation of Words)

第三章 词语的翻译(一)(Translation of Words)
第三章 词语的翻译(一) (Translation of Words)
3.1 Main types of word meaning
(一)语法意义和词汇意义 (grammatical meaning & lexical meaning) eg: girls & girl ; The dog bit the man. • 一般认为, 虚词(如冠词、介词、连接词) 只有语法意义,实词(如动词、名词、形 容词、副词)既有语法意义、又有词汇意 义。
蕴涵意义(connotation, what it suggests beyond what it expresses, the overtones of meaning),指 词语内含的情感和联想意义,是词语的隐含意义, 反映该民族特有的思维方式和社会文化. 词的蕴涵意义在不同语言中往往有天壤之别,甚至同 种语言内类似指称意义的词语蕴涵意义也不尽相同. 如: 1) 他是个纸老虎。

稍等一会儿,我就来. Just a minute. I’m coming. 他要是不来,我就代他在会上发言. If he doesn’t come, I’ll speak at the meeting instead of him. 那个人就是他的哥哥. That very man is his elder brother. 你就是送给我,我也不要. Even if you give it to me as a gift, I won’t accept it. 他就着油灯读信. He read the letter by the oil lamp. • 5) 正式协议 正式声明 代表团的正式成员 • formal agreement official statement the full member of 家Geoffrey Leech分为conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, thematic meaning 等七类

论语第三章写了什么 论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章写了什么 论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章写了什么论语第三章原文及翻译
子曰:“巧言令色,鲜矣仁!”
巧,巧妙地,有技巧的;言,言语;令,美,善;色,脸色;
孔子说:“(与人交谈时)语言巧妙又讲究技巧,脸色尽善尽美,(这样的人)很少有仁爱之人。


此章,是孔子对于那些能言善辩者的批评。

孔子认为,过分的讲究语言技巧的人很少有仁义之人。

与人交谈之时,是要讲究一些技巧。

但是,语言技巧是为了服务于谈话内容,是为了达成目的的手段与方法。

若是一味地讲究语言技巧,势必会造成重视手段与方法而超过与内容的情况。

这样一来,口中所言只是为了达到自己的目的罢了,与自己的观点、想法等并没有什么必然联系,甚至可能口中所言与心中所想背道而驰。

如此一来,又何谈仁呢?
心中所思,口中所言,皆为吾意。

如此方可表里如一。

小王子第三章翻译

小王子第三章翻译

Little Prince[ Chapter 3 ]- the narrator learns more about from where the little prince cameIt took me a long time to learn where he came from. The little prince, who asked me so many questions, never seemed to hear the ones I asked him. It was from words dropped by chance that, little by little, everything was revealed to me.The first time he saw my airplane, for instance (I shall not draw my airplane;that would be much too complicated for me), he asked me: "What is that object?""That is not an object. It flies. It is an airplane. It is my airplane." And I wasproud to have him learn that I could fly.He cried out, then: "What! You dropped down from the sky?""Yes," I answered, modestly."Oh! That is funny!"And the little prince broke into a lovely peal of laughter, which irritated mevery much. I like my misfortunes to be taken seriously.Then he added: "So you, too, come from the sky! Which is your planet?"At that moment I caught a gleam of light in the impenetrable mystery of his presence; and I demanded, abruptly: "Do you come from another planet?"But he did not reply. He tossed his head gently, without taking his eyes frommy plane: "It is true that on that y ou can‘t have come from very far away..."小王子【第三章】-叙述者知道了更多关于小王子是从哪里来的的事搞清楚他从哪里来用了我很长时间。

老子《道德经》第三章原文、翻译(译文)注释及延伸阅读

老子《道德经》第三章原文、翻译(译文)注释及延伸阅读

《道德经》第三章原文、翻译(译文)注释及延伸阅读[原文]不上贤①,使民不争;不贵难得之货②,使民不为盗③;不见可欲④,使民不乱。

是以圣人之治也,虚其心⑤,实其腹,弱其志⑥,强其骨,恒使民无知、无欲也。

使夫知不敢⑦、弗为而已⑧,则无不治矣⑨。

[译文]不推崇有才德的人,导使老百姓不互相争夺;不珍爱难得的财物,导使老百姓不去偷窃;不显耀足以引起贪心的事物,导使民心不被迷乱。

因此,圣人的治理原则是:排空百姓的心机,填饱百姓的肚腹,减弱百姓的竞争意图,增强百姓的筋骨体魄,经常使老百姓没有智巧,没有欲望。

致使那些有才智的人也不敢妄为造事。

圣人按照“无为”的原则去做,办事顺应自然,那么,天才就不会不太平了。

[注释]①上贤:上,同“尚”,即崇尚,尊崇。

贤:有德行、有才能的人。

②贵:重视,珍贵。

货:财物。

③盗:窃取财物。

④见(xian):通“现”,出现,显露。

此是显示,炫耀的意思。

⑤虚其心:虚,空虚。

心:古人以为心主思维,此指思想,头脑。

虚其心,使他们心里空虚,无思无欲。

⑥弱其志:使他们减弱志气。

削弱他们竞争的意图。

⑦敢:进取。

⑧弗为:同“无为”。

⑨治:治理,此意是治理得天下太平。

[延伸阅读1]王弼《道德经注》不尚贤,使民不争;不贵难得之货,使民不为盗;不见可欲,使心不乱。

贤,犹能也。

尚者,嘉之名也。

贵者,隆之称也。

唯能是任,尚也曷为?唯用是施,贵之何为?尚贤显名,荣过其任,为而常校能相射。

贵货过用,贪者竞趣,穿窬探箧,没命而盗。

故可欲不见,则心无所乱也。

是以圣人之治,虚其心,实其腹,心怀智而腹怀食,虚有智而实无知也。

弱其志,强其骨。

骨无知以干,志生事以乱。

常使民无知无欲,守其真也。

使夫知者不敢为也。

知者谓知为也。

为无为则无不治。

[延伸阅读2]苏辙《老子解》不尚賢,使民不爭;不貴難得之貨,使民不為盜;不見可欲,使心不亂。

是以聖人之治也,虛其心,實其腹,弱其志,強其骨。

尚賢,則民恥於不若而至於爭。

貴難得之貨,則民病於無有而至於盜。

第3章 英汉翻译中的词汇 翻译

第3章 英汉翻译中的词汇 翻译
他虽然很年轻,但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。
3.1.4 注意词语使用的语体
词语的语体体现了语言的语域(register)。 英语词语分为五种语体: hyperformal— formal — normal —
informal — hyperinformal, 超正式体—正式体—普通体—非正式体— 超
怎么也不该怪他。
He is the last man to consult.
根本不宜找他商量。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you.
我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
She is the last person I’d expect to meet in a disco. 我万万没想到会在迪斯科舞厅中见到她。
说到这里,柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句,又举了 个例子,母女俩听了,都粲然一笑。(P)
说到这里,柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句,还暗示 了一下原因,母女俩听了,都粲然一笑。
“And you are my uncle, then!” she cried, reaching up to salute him. (E. Brontë: Wuthering Heights, Ch. 7, V. II)
具有较强的独立性。
规范等,不易于受到外部环
境的影响,不易于变化。
词义的选择,语境(context)
Wittgenstein:The meaning of a word is its use in the language.
Firth: Each word when used in a new context is a new word.

论语十二章原文及翻译_论语第三章原文和翻译

论语十二章原文及翻译_论语第三章原文和翻译

论语十二章原文及翻译_论语第三章原文和翻译【--经典手机短信】《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一,那么,以下是给大家整理收集的论语第三章原文和翻译,供大家阅读参考。

论语第三章原文和翻译:1、孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?”译文:孔子谈到季氏时说:“用天子的礼乐(八佾舞)在他家的庭院中祭祀祖先(越礼),对于季氏这样的事情都可以容忍,还哪些事情不可以容忍呢?”2、三家者以雍彻。

子曰:“‘相维辟公,天子穆穆’,奚取于三家之堂?”译文:孟孙、叔孙、季孙三家卿大夫,祭祀祖先时,按照天子的礼制唱着《雍》来撤除祭品。

孔子说:“《诗经》上说,‘天子祭祀宗庙,天下各路诸侯都来助祭,天子庄重肃穆地主祭。

’这两句话用在三家祭祀的庙堂之上,天下哪一个诸侯会来陪祭呢?”3、子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”译文:孔子说:“一个人没有真诚的心意,能用礼做什么呢?一个人没有真诚的心意,能用乐做什么呢?”4、林放问礼之本。

子曰:“大哉问!礼,与其奢也,宁俭;丧,与其易也,宁戚。

”译文:林放向孔子请教礼的根本道理。

孔子说:“你提的真是大问题啊!一般的礼与其辅张奢侈,宁可简约朴素;至于丧礼,与其仪式周全,不如心中哀戚。

”5、子曰:“夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也。

”译文:孔子说:“夷狄(中原之外的少数民族)都有自己的君主,不像诸夏(中原各国)这些国家没有君主(因为时代很乱,弑父弑君的事情时常发生)。

”不如:不像。

6、季氏旅于泰山。

子谓冉有曰:“女弗能救与?”对曰:“不能。

”子曰:“呜呼!曾谓泰山不如林放乎?”译文:季氏要去祭祀泰山(违背了礼)。

孔子对冉有说:“你不能劝阻他吗?”冉有说:“不能(当时冉有为季氏家臣)。

”孔子说:“唉!难道说泰山之神还不如林放懂礼吗?(或:难道说泰山之神能够接受季氏这种不合礼的祭祀吗?)”7、子曰:“君子无所争。

必也射乎!揖让而升,下而饮。

其争也君子。

”译文:孔子说:“君子没有什么可争的。

翻译理论,第三章第一讲

翻译理论,第三章第一讲

• 4.She became a poor third in the English-speaking contest. • [译文]她在演讲比赛中获得了第三名,成 绩比第二名差了很多。 • [评析]原文乍看简单,但“poor third”值 得琢磨。译文增加“成绩比第二名差了很 多”不失为成功的手笔。
• 四、增加语气词,通过译文再现原文语气 • 1.The pretty girl on the cover of the periodical is just a sales gimmick. • [译文]画报的封面上印上美女只不过是吸 引顾客的一种噱头而已。 • [评析]汉语的语气需要靠语气词本身来体 现。译文通过增加语气词“不过……而已” 体现了原文本要表达的内在含义。
• 一、增加词语使译文句法完整 • 1.Tourism benefits not only airlines, hotels,restaurants,and taxi drivers, among others,but also many commercial establishments and even the manufacturers of tourist commodities. • (译文)旅游业不仅有利于航空公司、酒店、餐 饮、出租车等行业,而且还有利于许多商业机构, 甚至有利于生产旅游商品的制造业。 • [评析]原文中谓语动词“benefit”后跟了若干个 名词做宾语,若照搬同样结构,译文会显得生硬, 重复“有利于”使译文句法完整,行文紧凑。
• 2. I could have skinned Rupert in front of the whole audience. • [译文]我真恨不得当着观众的面剥了鲁伯 特的皮。 • [评析]英语中的语气常常通过情态动词得 以体现。译文通过增加“真恨不得”惟妙 惟肖地对应了原文情态动词“could have skinned”所内含的语气色彩。

大学第三章原文及翻译

大学第三章原文及翻译

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Country, nation, land, state, power country 表示国家的地理范畴。 nation 体现在共同的地域和政府下的全民 概念 land 给人以国土或家园之感。 state 指国家的政治实体 power 表示国家的实力

上海的服装业很兴旺。 这件童装真漂亮。 Shanghai clothing industry is flourishing. The children’s wear here is really beautiful.

游人止步 凭票入内 非员工勿入 小心碰头 爱护园内公共设施 散干果 休憩室 请让我们的工作人员到房间为你服务


请让我们的工作人员到房间为你服务

Please Let Our Maids Come to Your Room and Serve You.
公示语 , 就是公开和面对公众 , 告示、指示、 提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、 生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形 信息. 目的在于把各种必要的、有用的信息传达 给公众,以实现其相应的应用示意功能.因此, 公示语翻译是否规范非常重要,它关系到译 文能否准确地传递源语信息、是否会影响 对外交流、甚至是否会影响一个城市甚至 国家的形象
在人际关系问题上我们不能太浪漫主义。 In interpersonal relationship, we do not need too much romanticism. 如果关系有方向性,要用relation;如果关系 没有方向性,则用relationship. 如果关系有 好坏、强弱之分,用relation;反之则用 relationship. We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations.

“水平”一词的翻译





英语水平 English proficiency 生活水平 living standard 游泳水平 swimming skill 他的游泳水平还挺高。 He is good at swimming. 他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres/Administrators at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
翻译中词义的选择
Diction in Translation
TRUE or False:

With a dictionary in hand, translation is just a piece of cake!
Peter Newmark: the largest quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word. ( 1988:55) 文本翻译的大多数工作都是在词汇层面上 完成的。

Johnson:Words are seldom exactly synonymous. 英国语言学家C.L.雷恩:“English is among the easiest languages to speak badly, but the most difficult to use well.”
Semantics Diction
Broad & Narrow Sense
杯子 玻璃杯 茶杯 平底大玻璃杯

----glass cup tumbler

=> 我买了十个杯子。?
酒 葡萄酒 威士忌酒 啤酒 白酒 =〉酒文化?

----wine whiskey beer alcohol

译文1 At present, a foreign diploma is more valuable than other diplomas in China. 译文2 At present, Chinese market values a foreign diploma more than other diplomas.

计划订好了。
The plan has been drawn up. 好,今天到此为止。 Well, let us call it a day. 你好。 How do you do? / Hello! 你留个电话,有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人过来找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天下午好热。 How hot it is today!

Exercise
1. 身体好,学习好,工作好。 2. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐了一口唾沫,说: “这毛虫!” 3. 贾珍感谢不尽,说:“待服满,亲带小 犬到府叩谢。”

1. Keep fit, study well and work hard. 2. Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat and swore, “hairy worm”. 3. Chia Chen thanked him warmly and promised, “when the mourning is over I shall bring my worthless son to your honorable mansion to kowtow his thanks.”

因果关系 Relation between cause and effect 国际关系、外交关系、夫妻关系 International, diplomatic, husband-andwife relation 两国友好关系 Friendly relationship(恒定不变关系)

Context
Each word is a new word in a new context.
Question:

What does the word “man” mean?
男人
What does “man” mean in the following phrases?
Man and wife Officers and men His man Friday Man-of-war Be a man!
文化界 Cultural circle 文化程度 Schooling 文化用品 Stationary

Байду номын сангаас
农业是国民经济的基础。 这些年来,我国的农业、林业、畜牧业和 渔业都得到相应的发展。 Farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery

词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同 Question: Do you know the difference among agriculture,farming,cultivation, and agronomy? Agriculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农 业生产过程,所包含的范围最广。farming 指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培 过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业 耕作中去的实践。
注意:词义要确切 应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义,才能准 确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含 义,如果混淆词义,很容易造成用词不当。 例:在中国,眼下外语文凭的含金量较其 他文凭的含金量高些。 At present, a foreign diploma contains more gold than other diplomas in China.
Task 1:Translation & Comparison
好 = good?
“好”的译法

好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。

He is very well.
邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved. 电影要放好长时间? How long will the film last?

1. “第十个五年计划“期间部分规模较大、 科技含量较高的重大项目的建设将带动全 市的经济发展。 2. 增加农业开发科技含量,生产市场需要 的产品。



1. In the 10th five-year plan period, a number of large-scale construction projects with a high scientific and technological content will be carried out to push ahead with the city’s socioeconomic development. 2. We should increase the role of science and technology in agricultural development, and produce market-oriented products.
夫妻 官兵 佣人,仆人 战舰 像个男子汉!
Question:
这个
“意思” 是什么意思?



甲:这一点小意思,请务必收下。 乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这套? 甲:唉,只是意思意思。 乙:啊,真是不好意思。
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