Dictation (1)综合英语听写
专题一Dictation-专四听写技巧
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Contents
Part I: Dictation
Part II: Section A Talk
Section B Conversation
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2016年TEM4听力考试题型变化
1. 听写保留，由15个意群, 改为10个; 2. 听力不再考查新闻听力; 3.增加了Talk (gap filling), 与八级mini-lecture一样，但先
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B. Dictation答题步骤
步骤2
1. 注重首句、提纲挈领 短文的首句或首段往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生 的时间、地点及事由等。因此，听写时抓住首句通常就可以抓住短文的一些提领性信息，进而 把握短文的背景知识，有利于听写。 2. 把握意群、抓关键词 在第二遍朗读录音时，首先要以意群为单位去理解，要抓句子结构和关键词进行记录，然后在 听第三遍时尽量补出其他词。 重要的信息关键词包括：不同形式的动词、表示时间、地点、人物的名词和表示人物情感态度 的形容词以及数字等。
第一遍——听懂大意
步骤2
第二、三遍——边听边写
步骤3
第四遍——纠错补漏
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A. Dictation答题步骤
步骤1
1. 听懂题目、联想预测 听到题目后，需立即抓住短文正文开始前的时间进行快速的联想预测。预测要有针对性，主要 是利用自己的背景知识和写作经验，联想与题目有关、可能出现的词汇或短语。 1)联想与短文题目相关的近义词，如(08年)career相近且文中出现的词job，work， occupation，position。 2)联想与短文题目相关的曲折变化词，如由(07年)advertising可联想到的且文中出现的词 有advertisement，advertised，advertises等。 3)联想与短文题目相关的上下义关系词，如与(06年)The Internet有上下义关系且文中出现 的词有：websites，online games，chat rooms等。 2. 全面把握、整合文意 第一遍听音时切忌提笔就写，重点在于了解大意；如果不能全部听懂，也可通过抓文中的关键 词语的方式来进行文意整合。例如，在听09年真题New Year's Eve时，根据文中的 friends or family，parties，drinks，fireworks，clock，12，resolution就可推 理串联出短文大意，即：除夕晚上，人们会和朋友、家人团聚，开派对，或出去喝一杯。当晚 还会放烟花，晚上12点时，人们会倒计时数数来迎接新年，许下新年愿望……
英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇
英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.A Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. T oday the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with bothhusband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Useful Words and Expressions:1. life-pattern生活方式2. shareA Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time.Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes basketsof flowers are hanging on them.But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English.Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱2.pastime 消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime.British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but thepolicemen do not think much of them much of them.The first difference is tha t a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and eventheir health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other andeven kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions.The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hairwith shampoo from plastic bottles!Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车3. checkout 收款台Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe man y of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
专4听写10篇
听写10篇Dictation1The Greenhouse Effect温室效应（146words）To get a better understanding of global warming,/it is important to understand the greenhouse effect./The greenhouse effect is the rise in the temperatures/caused by absorption of the Sun’s heat and light by the Earth’s surface/which then is reflected back and trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere./The greenhouses gases,help to keep the Earth warm,/and this is the reason why life on Earth has existed,and still thrives./However,with an increase in the gases like carbon dioxide,ozone,/and water vapor in the atmosphere,/as an outcome to growing environmental pollution;/industrial,domestic,and loss of vast stretches of grassland and rain forest,/Earth has gotten nearly14%hotter/than what it used to be50years ago,/with2005 being recorded as the hottest year ever./Besides humans and plants,global warming effect on animals is a cause of concern./Dictation2Christmas Candles圣诞蜡烛（146words）Frankly speaking,Christmas candles are no different/from any other decorative candle/that you might find in the shops all through the year./But the very fact that they are lit up during Christmastime gives them the look of a festival./Christmas candles are big in size and designed in several shapes./You will find the common round shapes/—Christmas candles tend to play up on the thickness so that they can burn longer,/all through the Christmas Eve if desired./ Traditional colors of Christmas candles are preferably red or golden,the colors of the season. /But you will find all colors on the shelves nowadays./However,if other colors are used,/they are often decorated with obvious Christmas designs/to make them part of the season./Red and golden candles are usually kept as they are,/because the colors themselves lend grace to the season./Dictation3Unions工会（147words）Nearly100years ago,America’s working people began to join together/to improve their wages and their working situations./They formed unions in discussions with owners of businesses and factories./This idea became known as collective bargaining./Unions were started at separate local factories./Slowly unions in several factories started to join together./As they gained size,the unions were able to gain strength and effectiveness./By the1950’s unions were successfully representing their members in most American industries./Unions began as organizations for factory workers./Later skilled workers such as electricians and plumbers organized into unions./Recently professional people have also begun to form unions./The unions not only represent the workers in discussions with business management./They also train workers for jobs,give members money if they lose their jobs,/and pay workers pensions when they retire./Unions have become established institutions of American industry./Dictation4Weather Language天气成语（142words）British people are famous for always talking about the weather,/but the weather also affects the way we speak and the phrases we use./As more winter weather batters the UK,/I will demonstrate how the British obsession with weather has influenced our language./The return of snowstorms to the UK proves/that when it comes to bad weather it never rains but it pours./The police have warned that unnecessary road travel is not recommended/but some motorists have thrown caution to the wind/and made their journeys anyway,/claiming that it’s all a storm in teacup./Those whose cars are stuck in the snow/may consider themselves to be twisting in the wind./There are problems too for local councils/who are running out of sand and grit for the roads, /having not saved enough supplies for a rainy day./Dictation5Green Living绿色生活（146words）We all know that humans are damaging the environment,/but what can we do about it?/ Some people are trying to do their bit/to try to be more environmentally friendly./Can we help the environment by being green?/Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living,/such as recycling paper, tin,plastic and glass./They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites,/ because they are running out of places to dump rubbish./In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep,but in other areas,/you have to take it to a special recycling place, such as a bottle bank./Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create/is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones./For example,some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries/instead of plastic carrier bags./Dictation6Teamwork团队协作（146words）Teamwork is acknowledged as the most important aspect of any enterprise./The concept of teamwork seems to be misunderstood by many people and businesses./Teamwork is built around a leader/as he or she is there to organize the team/and guide it in the most productive manner./ The importance of this leadership skill/is shown in the education devoted to teaching it./Good leadership depends on being able to use the personality/of the team in an efficient way./A leader is able to use each member of the team as they contribute to the project./This entails listening to their suggestions/and applying them if they prove useful./This cooperation between team members and leaders/has proved successful in ventures where they are applied./As we all know, Germany is excellent in how teamwork in companies can be used to further the success of business./Dictation7Tea茶（145words）Tea is one of the greatest cultural treasures of Chinese civilization./Tea was historically discovered by the legendary emperor,Shennong,/who believed that water was safe to drink only by first boiling it./One day he noticed some leaves had fallen into his boiling water./The ever curious monarch took a sip of the brew/and was pleasantly surprised by its flavor and itsrestorative properties./Tea remained in Chinese hands for centuries,/before foreign explorers brought this to an enthusiastic public in Europe and other places./Tea drinking then became a standard feature of the Chinese culture./Regions famous for Chinese tea in the south/have produced much of the world’s tea./China for centuries has been acting as the first nation of tea/ because of its outstanding products./Today,Chinese tea must compete against foreign teas/from many other places in the world./Dictation8Children’s Health孩子的健康（142words）Parents must remember that their children need to eat plenty of healthy foods./This does not include most snacks,/as they are high in salt and sugar./This is also true of such unhealthy food that comes from fast food./People that need to watch their health should go on a green diet./This means that there is much more vegetables/than meat or sugar products./They should mind these eating do’s and don’ts in order not to gain weight./It is much easier to not to gain weight than it is in trying to get rid of it./Sleeping and rest are also essential to having a healthy lifestyle./This allows your body to readjust/and gain energy for the next day./In addition to food and rest,/ proper sports must be injected/in order to strengthen the body and lose weight./Dictation9Present Flowers送花（154words）Perhaps the most popular way to present a gift is to present flowers/because flowers appeal to all our senses/and brighten up our lives and our hearts./Perhaps you can find it difficult to express your exact feelings and sentiments in words/but you can express your exact sentiments by presenting flowers./Flowers bring good cheer and convey the right message/in their own language—truest language of love./That’s why the popularity of flowers is./ Flowers are a classic gift for any occasion and they are always welcomed./There are many occasions when flowers are sent to loved ones./Wedding ceremony,birthday,Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day,Easter,Thanksgiving Day/are some such occasions when you send flowers to your friends and relatives./A red rose gifted by you to your beloved on the occasion of Valentine’s Day/fills the heart of your beloved with fragrance/and those sentiments which you can’t say in words./Dictation10Colleges and Universities in the United States美国的高校（152words）There are thousands of colleges and universities in the United States./Nearly half of the high school graduates in America go on to college./Most go to large state universities./Some of these universities have40,000or more students./There are also many small universities with only a few hundred students./Large universities have many buildings,each building for a particular subject./Students often must go from one class in one building/to the next class in another building across campus./They may have only a few minutes between classes to go from one building to another./When students begin the university,they must take classes in many subjects. /These are the required courses./English and math are usually required courses/and often a history and a science course are required too./Students will study mostly required courses during their first year./Later,they will specialize,and take courses in one subject./。
（完整word版）听力dictation
（完整word版）听力dictation一，（a women at home）In Japan, most people still feel that a woman's place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their traditional role as wives, leaving the business of making a living to their husbands. For those who do want a career of their own, opportunities are limited, and working women usually have to settle for lower wages, fewer promotions, and less responsible positions.In America, on the other hand, most women, including wives and mothers, work most of their lives. But until recently, few have had real careers. As in Japan most fields are dominated by men and opportunities for women have been restricted, salaries low, chances for advancement rare. American women work mainly because they have to; in these days of inflation and luxurious living, only one income per family is simply not enough to live on. So American women actually have two jobs: one nine-to-five position outside the home, and the other round-the-clock in-the-home job such as wife, housemaid, cook and nurse.（One of the main goals of the modern women's liberation movement, which started in the early 1960s, was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to open up opportunities for women that were previously reserved for men. And though there is still a long way to go, a lot of progress has been made.）二，（success）Success in life depends to a great extent on what we mean by success.To some people money is the only real indication (象征) of achievement in the modern world. Their evaluation of success is based on the state of their bank balance and the power that goes with it. Their life is devoted to making money and they are at aloss to understand people whose ideas are different from their own.There are people, however, who consider their lives successful if they are doing what they enjoy doing though it may not bring them ,any great financial (财政)reward. A man who spends his time gardening might consider himself successful if the flowers blossomed and his trees gave fruit. Nursing, teaching, running a Youth Club all bring their own kind of success to those interested in them.Success can be found in painting a picture nobody will ever see, sailing a boat, watching the stars, collecting stamps---almost anything that involve personal efforts. The great thing is to believe that success is not necessarily public.三，（the people way of seeing things）The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe. For those who believed in the physical existence of Hell in middle ages, the sight of fire must have meant something different from what it means today. Nevertheless their idea of hell owed a lot to the sight of fire consuming and theashes remaining as well as to their experience of the pain of burns.We only see what we look at. To look is an act of choice. As a result of this act, what we see is brought within our reach, though not necessarily within arm's reach. T o touch something is to situate oneself in relation to it. We never look at just one thing; we are always looking at the relation between things and ourselves. Our vision is continually active, continually moving, continually holding things in a circle around itself.（Soon after we can see, we are aware that we can also be seen. The eye of others combines with our own eye to make itfully clear that we are part of the visible world.）四EducationSome people may say that it is energy that makes the world to go round, / but in my opinion there is something else which is equally important. / That is education. / Education makes it possible to pass on / the invaluable knowledge of our ancestors and, at the same time, / makes it easier to explore the contemporary world. / Most great inventions have been brought about by educated people. / So we can say that education makes the world go round. /A poorly educated nation can never be a rich one. / The most advanced countries in the world all place great emphasis on education. / Nations which have a low percentage of educated people can, / in most cases, barely produce the basic necessities of life, / let alone develop their science, technology and economics. / Such nations are facing the possibility of extinction in this highly developed world. / Therefore, education cannot be emphasized enough in a developing country.Old AgeMany people mistakenly believe that old age is a time of increased illness and loneliness. / In fact, people do not suddenly change / when they reach the age of 60 or 65. / Consequently, we should not expect more mental illness / among the 60 to 70 age group than among the 50 to 60. / Furthermore, also more parents and their married children live in separate households than ever before, / this is usually by choice. / It is not because children now tend to neglect their parents / when they become old. /It is also wrong to believe that old age seriously affects a person’s mental abilities. / There is clear proof that people whowere eager to learn and who welcomed new experiences in their old age, / continue to do so in old age. / It is true that older people tend to take longer to learnsomething new than young people. / Nevertheless, if they are given sufficient time, / they learn as well as young people do.Being UnemployedMost people are much more frightened by being unemployed than they need to be. / Being unemployed certainly has disadvantages, / but there are good things about it too. / One advantage is that you don’t have to get up early to work in the rush hour. / You can stay in bed as long as you like, / and there is plenty of time to read the newspaper / and have a leisurely breakfast. / But the best thing of all is that you are your own boss / and there is no one to tell you what to do and when to do it. / One drawback of being unemployed i s that you haven’t got much money coming in—/ having a job at least enables you to save a lot of money to go on holiday. / On the other hand, when you are unemployed, / you needn’t go on holiday / because you are on holiday already. / In fact, the main trouble is that you have to spend much time looking for a job.The Credit Card in the U.S.Today, more and more people in the U.S. are using credit cards / instead of money to buy what they need. / Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record / can apply for a credit card. /With a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, / and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. / In this way, you can pay for purchases a month or two later. / Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months / and pay only part of the total amount each month. /With a credit card, you don’t have to carry much cash / and you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. / The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. / This of course can be a problem / if you charge more than you can pay for.World “no tabacco day”People in all part of the world are observing “no tobacco day”it is the day when the world organization ap peals to people to stop using tabacco products.The WTO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or chewing tabacco for one day,they will stop ///// the day induces special observances awards ceremonies in 166 countries ,health expertsBritan humorJokes that make one country laugh out loud are likely to leave another country.country confused and slient,but humor can also be very reavling if not always funny.after all.jokes are ofen just another way of expressing.in britain if you are successful or powerful,you will probally become the subject of a joke in a popular magazine .this magazine has been poking fun of the great and the good in britain life for the last 35 years.and its victims will admit to reaching it and laughing with it.one of the most eduring types of humor is satire.this is a art of making fun of people in positions power ,。
专4听写10篇
听写10篇Dictation1Town and Country Life in England英国城市和乡村生活(169 words)There is a big difference between town life and country life in England./In the country,everybody knows everybody else./They know what time you get up,/ what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner./If you want help,you will always get it/and you will be glad to help others./In a large town like London,however,/it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor/and you do not know his name or anything about him./People in London are often very lonely./This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends./If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday,/it is like a town without people./One is sor⁃ry for old people living on their own./They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months./Dictation2Plastic塑料(176words)We use plastic wrap to protect our foods./We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans./We sit on plastic chairs,play with plastic toys,/drink from plas⁃tic cups,and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles!/ Plastic does not grow in nature.It is made by mixing certain things together./ We call it a produced or manufactured material./Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants,such as wood and cotton./That plastic was soft and burned easily./The first modern plastics were made in the1930s./Most clear plastic starts out as thick,black oil./That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas./ Over the years,hundreds of different plastics have been developed./Some are hard and strong.Some are soft and bendable.Some are clear.Some are many-col⁃ored./There is a plastic for almost every need.Scientists continue to experiment with plastics./They hope to find even more ways to use them!/Dictation3Higher Education高等教育(183words)Higher education is a very different experience to school or further education./ You are expected to do far more work for yourself./Lectures and seminars will provide guidance,/but you’ll need to widen your knowledge through background reading./Subject staff will offer lots of advice/to help you get used to this new1--way of working./Library staff will be able to help you find the materials you need, /and advise on referencing and avoiding plagiarism when it comes to writing es⁃says./Making new friends is a key part of the higher education experience./If you’re worried about fitting in,/remember that students from all backgrounds and of all ages go to university and college./One way to form friendships is through student societies or sports./It’s always easier to bond with someone if you share a com⁃mon interest./There will probably be a full list of societies available on your stu⁃dents’union website,/and you’ll have an opportunity to join up to most at the “freshers’fair”./Dictation4Dining Custom in the USA美国的就餐习惯(172words) Americans,like many people elsewhere in the world,/like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food,drink and conversation./Formal dinners in fine homes and hotels in the US/are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world./But as most people in the US have no servants,/their dinner parties at home tend to be informal./Guests may sit down at a table,/or as many new small homes have no separate dining room or very small dining space./ Guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room,/holding their plates or trays on their knees./A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the pic⁃nic./Americans are great picnickers and almost every family has a picnic basket./ Summer invitations are often for a picnic at a park or in the open countryside,/ and less hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire./Picnic food is usually cold./Dictation5Sleep睡觉(173words)Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired?/There is no one answer that applies to every individual./It is possible to feel“tired”physically and still be unable to fall asleep,/because while your body may be exhausted,you do not feel sleepy./It is not so easy to simply“turn off”./Lack of sleep complicates matters even more./Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hours of sleep a night to function properly./When you get less sleep than that on consecutive three nights,/you begin to accrue four“sleep debt”./As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response./Now a vicious cycle has been created:/You experience the feeling of being more and2--more tired,/but your body is increasingly stimulated./“Power sleeping”for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution./There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep on a regular basis./Dictation6Cartoonists卡通艺术家(159words)In a good cartoon,the artist can tell in a few lines/as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen paragraphs./The cartoonist not only tells a story/but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking./He has great influence on public opinion./In a political campaign,he plays an important part./Controver⁃sial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations/may keep the car⁃toonist well-supplied with current materials./A clever cartoonist may cause laughter/because he often uses humor in his drawings./If he is sketching a famous person,/he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it./Cartoonists,for instance,like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin./This exaggeration of a person’s characteristics is called caricature./The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across./Dictation7A Guide’s Answer导游的答案(160words)In1861,the Civil War started in the United States/between the Northern and the Southern states./The war continued with great bitterness until1865,/when the Northerners were victorious./However,even today,many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat,/or forgiven the Northerners./A few years ago,a party of American tourists were going round one of the bat⁃tlefields of the Civil War/with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. /At each place,the guide told the tourists stirring stories/about how a few South⁃ern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there./At last,one of the tourists,a lady who came from the North,/stopped the guide and said to him,/“But surely that the Northern army must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?”/“Not as long as I’m the guide here,madam,”/answered the Southern guide./Dictation8Great Depression in the U.S.美国经济大萧条(166words)In1929,the bills started to come in.American industry had produced too many goods./Americans could not afford to buy all of them./So factories had to cut down on their production./Many workers lost their jobs.Investors tried to get their money back./But businesses did not have enough money to pay them./ Banks tried to get their money back from investors./But the investors could not3--pay,either.Too many people owed money./And few of them could pay their bills. /During the next few years,business got worse and worse./By1932,banks all over the country were closing./People without money could not buy goods.So more businesses closed./More and more people lost their jobs./By1932,more than12million Americans were jobless./Millions more were earning barely enough to live on./The country was in a great depression they had never experienced before./Dictation9Making a Complaint投诉(170words) Complaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy./But if some⁃thing you have brought is faulty/or does not do what was claimed for it,/you are not asking for a favor to get it put right./Complaints should be made to a responsible person./Go back to the shop where you bought the goods,/taking with you any receipt you may have./In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain direct./In a chain store,ask the manager./If you telephone,ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry,/otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later./If you do not want to do it in person,write a letter./Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write./At this stage you should give any receipt numbers,/but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article./Dictation10Balloons气球(153words)Balloons have been used for sport for about100years./There are two kinds of sport balloons,gas and hot-air./Hot-air balloons are safer than gas balloons,/ which may catch fire./Hot-air balloons are preferred by most balloonists in the United States/because of their safety./They are also cheaper and easier to man⁃age than gas balloons./Despite the ease of operating a balloon,/pilots must watch the weather carefully./Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the wind is late./Over the years,balloonists have tried unsuccessfully to cross the Atlantic./It wasn’t until1978that three American balloonists succeeded./It took them just6days to make the trip,/from their homes in the United State to Paris,France./Their voyage captured the imagina⁃tion of the whole world./4--。
dictation_专四听写技巧总结
近音词
lead-lid, deed-did, peek-pick fool-full, pool-pull cart-cut, heart-hut mass-mess, bad-bed, dad-dead fight-fat, bike-back, lack-like veil-whale, vest-west, vet-wet sign-shine, sigh-shy, same-shame course-cause,fuss-fuzz,house-house,loose-lose worth-worse,path-pass,think-sink thin-thing, sin-sing, ban-bang, right in-writing lace-race, collect-correct, light-right need-lead, night-light,nine-line
字母o的读音
bottle popular odd shop box crop hot polish spot ....
美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非重 读位置的时候，发音近似/d/
letter matter city better pretty waitor winter chapter ...
发生音变，称作音的同化现象。 常见的同化变音有四个 [t]+[j] not yet last year [d]+[j] did you could you and you [z]+[j] because you seize you [s]+[j] suit issue
I.Dictation
常 见
错 误
Dictation
听写 题型 分析 及 解题 步骤
总原则： 第一遍时，重点听主题思想，重点词，掌握全局概念； 第二遍和第三遍是以句子为单位重复的，以意群为单 位停顿的，在听第二遍录音时，要分清主次信息，重 点抓句型结构和关键词等， 第三遍时，再把其它次要信息如修饰语﹑定冠词等遗 漏内容补上； 最后一遍（四遍）时最后仔细核对 由于考试的时间有限，在正式念第一遍以前有一段对 听写部分考试内容的说明，如果考生平时经常做练习， 对这部分很清楚，就可以将这部分时间用在对内容的 预测上。我们以2001年的听写为例：
说明文
145
2001
Characteristics of a Good Reader
Disappearing Forests
什么样的读者才是好 读者。话题属于教育 学习范畴。
世界森林资源逐渐减 少的现状。话题属于 世界寻觅类。
说明文
150
2002
说明文
150
2003
Salmon
鲑鱼的生活习性介绍。 说明文 话题属于自然科学类。
说明文
146
2010
Freshmen’s Week
关于英国大一新生如 何度过第一周。话题 属于教育学习范畴。
关于英国人的度假习 惯。话题属于社会文 化类。 关于为何要提倡生态 旅游以及如何做。话 题属于社会科学类。
说明文
156
2011
British holidaying habits Eco-tourism
5．一些特例的扣分标准： 1)下列情况不扣分： in the past—in the past,；“now”后 加逗号 2)下列情况扣分： throughout--through out(小错误)；a piece of—pieces of(两个小错，扣0．5分) 6．总分为0．5分时，以1分计算：其余总分中如含分数 的，分数舍去，留整数。如：12．5分一12分，7．5分--7分。空白卷—律打0分。
Dictation (1)综合英语听写
Dictation (Unit One)With hope of finding more survivors/of Turkey’s devastating earthquake/now all but gone, / the Turkish authorities are turning their attention / to caring for those who have survived.A full-scale relief effort / in the area hit by the earthquake /is finally beginning after days of confusion. / Turkish and foreign volunteers / have been joined by soldiers and the police, / and heavy equipment /sent by nearby cities and by private companies / has been moved to almost every victimized town.The Minister of Housing estimated that / 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed/ or seriously damaged in the quake. / It is hoped that /within a few days, / many of the homeless / will be moved /out of the fields and tents /where they are now living. / Forty-two countries and 38 international organizations / have sent aid to Turkey. / The World Bank had sent $200 million/for housing construction.Dictation (Unit Two)I think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities. / It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and the wisdom born of experience /can be used /without becoming a burden. / It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education. / But if you are one of those /who are incapable of /impersonal interests, / you may find that /your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren. / In that case/ you must realize /that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect /that they will enjoy your company.Dictation (Unit Three)Love means that I know the person I love. / I’m aware of the many sides of the other person / —not just the beautiful side / but also the limitations. / I have an awareness / of the other’s feelings and thoughts. / I can see the other person on a deeper level.Love means that I care about the welfare / of the person I love. / If I care about yr, / I am concerned about your growth, / and I hope you will become / all that you can become.Love means trusting the person I love. / If I love you, /I trust that you will accept my caring and my love / and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. / I trust/ that you will find me lovable / and that you won’t abandon me. / If we trust each other, / we are willing to be open to each other / and reveal our true selves.Dictation (Unit Four)The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, /English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, /especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations /and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the west.Dictation (Unit Five)With the invention of the radio, /newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed /would displace the newspaper industry altogether.Others hoped /that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listener s’ interest in the story/ so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. /However, this is not always the case. /Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, /the motion picture suffered greatly. /Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.Dictation (Unit Six)My Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!”The Foreign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport and official permission / to leave on December 5.There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged.The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / Ｉagain thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. /Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution became clear. It was risky, / but it was worth a try.Dictation (Unit Seven)Professors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, /but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. / A professor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or her differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers./ Students must realize / that when a teacher’s role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.Dictation (Unit Eight)It could be the title of a 21st-century movie: /“Death by Global Warming.” Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes /global warming may account for /millions of human deaths from disease. /Right now / the evidence of / significant global climate change /is minimal, / but there are already noticeable increases/ in human disease worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease /is due to numerous environmental factors, /including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortage of food. /Global warming will only / make matters worse.Global climate change /will result in a loss of available food. /Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, /these beneficial effects / will not be so great./ Crop losses from plant disease and weeds / will increase in a warmer climate.Dictation (Unit Nine)Wealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money/ is productive work and a real contribution /towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable.Dictation (Unit Ten)As the eldest son of my parents / who were themselves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family.It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to rise every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be released / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon.But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me /that this would not, could not, should not last / —I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy.Dictation (Unit Eleven)Take the control away from your offender. / Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person / who caused you pain. / Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, /learn to look for the love, / beauty and kindness around you.Try to see things /from the other person’s perspective. / If you empathize with that person, / you may realize /that he or she was acting / out of ignorance, fear —even love. / To gain perspective, / you may want to write a letter to yourself / from your offender’s point of view.Recognize benefits of forgiveness. / Research has shown /that people who forgive / report more energy, /better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don’t forget to forgive yourself. / For some people, /forgiving themselves / is the biggest challenge. / But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do so.Dictation (Unit Twelve)Moral Intelligence is the theory / put forth by Dr. Coles, / that children learn some of the most important lessons / by observing the behavior of those around them / in authority positions / (mainly parents and teachers). / His background in child psychology / is deep and he makes / full use of ideas /from other experts/ in the field. / His theory goes beyond the teaching of moral lessons / such as “you shouldn’t steal, or lie”/ and reaches a deeper level of analysis. / He theorizes/ that children pick up / and retain information about moral behavior /from witnessing the action of others. / He feels that this manner of learning / has a more lasting impact on children. / Moral intelligence is created by children, /but can be modeled by proper guidance.Dictation (Unit Thirteen)Karl Marx was the most important of all socialist thinkers / and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, / and the political system called communism. /Marx developed his revolutionary theories /over a period of four decades beginning in 1843. / He formulated his theories / with the intention to liberate wage workers or laborers /from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. / He maintained that in order to emancipate humanity / from economic domination, / a social revolution was needed. / He helped to organize the international socialist movement. / His ideas motivated radical activists / who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. / Marxism, reduced to the theory / that all events are caused by economic self-interest, / had a strong influence on many areas of though / from politics to history to literature.Dictation (Unit Fourteen)Good luck to the Bridge and Groom. / Many ancient practices /that were supposed to prevent bad luck / and bring blessings to the bridal pair/ have come down through the years. / In many Western countries / people shower the bridal pair with confetti / to express the hope that the couple will be blessed with children. / Tin cans or old shoes are sometimes tied to the automobile / that carries the bride and groom away. / This practice may have come out of the ancient belief / that loud noises frighten bad spirits away. / To assure good luck, / brides often heed the old saying and wear for the wedding / “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.” / The bride’s good fortune in getting a husband/ may be handed on to the unmarried girl / who catches the bride’s bouquet after the marriage. / According to an old belief / the groom carried his bride over the threshold of their new home / to protect her form being caught /by any mischievous sprits hiding nearby.。
英语专业四级考试(TEM4)听写题(Dictation)应试方法
听写，顾名思义，既听又写，它渗透在各种形式的语言活动中，是最常用到的基本功之一。
听写测试要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以笔头的形式表达出来，虽无需考生自己遣词造句，但由于牵涉到语言（听力﹑单词拼写﹑篇章结构等）与非语言能力（如记忆力﹑速记等）也决非易事。
从90 年开始第一次TEM4测试，听写就作为一项测试项目，占有10 分, 比重为10%, 91 ,92年，93年上升到15 分, 比重为10%，从94年起（由于难度问题，本次取消了proof reading）, 听写尽管仍为15 分, 但比重上升为15%，其间制定的新的考试大纲，正式明确了这一点。
从教纲到考纲，听写都是一项不可或缺的部分，且所占比重上升，与写作相同。
在TEM4 中，考虑到基础阶段的特点及信度要求，采用的是录音式标准听写，根据考纲，长度为150字（word）左右，为一段或多段，答题纸上印有题目便于联想，所选题材广泛而不生僻，体裁多样，可以为叙述性、描写性、说明性，难度适中。
全文共分15个意群（chunk），每个意群可能是词组、分句或句子。
共念四遍，第一遍为正常速度朗读（wpm=120词），考生在此时要从整体理解全文内容，抓住中心大意，而不要着急写。
第二、三遍为慢读，根据意群停顿，分句或长句之间停10-15秒，考生此时要准确，逐字逐句迅速写下听到的内容。
第四遍又是正常语速（wpm=120词）, 便于考生校对，四遍全部听写结束后，留有2分钟作为复查时间。
考生利用此时可检查全文是否有单词遗漏，拼写是否有误，标点符号是否选择正确，直到录音中听到“That is the end of dictation”, 便可进行下一项听力内容了。
根据调查，听写中的几个明显错误是：1. 考生对这种标准听写形式陌生, 对听写材料进行改写甚至加工成作文；2. 第一遍听音时不知如何把握全文的大意(top-down approach), 而是着急写，丢了西瓜捡芝麻(bottom-up)，只见部分单词而缺少骨架结构；3. 同样，在第四遍结束后的两分钟复查时间里，不会很好地利用分析逻辑能力对有些明显的或介词搭配或词语进行校正，小错不断，或丢词，或写出的内容前后不通顺；4. 由于朗读中没有念出标点，而是靠学生自己听，判断选择，于是就出现全文没有标点符号，没有大小写，或所有的停顿处都是一种符号，或中文标点混用在英文短文里的情况。
专业英语四级(听写听力)-试卷174
专业英语四级（听写听力）-试卷174(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 DICTATION(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Black Friday Black Friday is the beginning of the Christmas shopping season in America. / It falls the day after Thanksgiving celebration / and has become a discount shopping day / when millions of US shoppers are tempted by massive savings. / There are two explanations for the day's name. / Some claim it was coined to illustrate the point / at which retailers start to make a profit, or go "into the black". / Others believe it was first coined by the Philadelphia police department / to describe the crowded pavements and traffic jams on the Friday after Thanksgiving. /)解析：3.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Buying a Used Car There are several ways to buy used cars. / Places that sell new cars usually have used cars for sale as well. / The car dealerships get these used cars from people / who trade them in for new cars. / These cars might cost more than other used cars, / but they are more likely to work well. / Some people buy a used car directly from the owner. / Car owners advertise these cars for sale over the Internet or in the newspaper. / It may cost less to buy a car from the owner, / but it can also be a bigger risk. /)解析：4.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a legal process for people and businesses that are in debt. / In America, two kinds of bankruptcy are most common for individuals. / These are called chapter seven and chapter thirteen. /Chapter thirteen bankruptcy requires people to have a plan to repay their creditors. / They make payments for three to five years / until most of their debt is paid off. / In chapter seven bankruptcy, people must give up some of their property. / The property is then sold to pay their creditors. / But the people are able to keep the money they earn / after they bring their bankruptcy case. /)解析：5.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： English New Words New words enter the English language all the time. / In recent years more and more words and phrases have entered the language. / But where do all these words come from? / Words come out of the culture they represent and describe. / So if you've got a new development in medicine, for example, bird flu, / then you'll get the new word coming out of that. / If there's a military conflict, / that may well bring all sorts of new words to the fore. / So really words come from the playground, politics and any area of life / because every area of life is changing from day to day. /)解析：6.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Whales Suffering from Shipping Scientists are working to reduce the noise levels / experienced by whales from North Atlantic shipping. / The waters off New England are a home to many species of whale. / Many are now suffering from the noise / which disrupts their communication with each other. / This in turn is affecting their ability to find food and mates. / So a new route has been worked out to reduce the collisions between whales and ships / and increase the transit time of ships. / And a new application has been developed to give real-time information on the location of whales / so that ships can avoid the large gatherings of them. /)解析：。
英语听力dictation
DICTATION 1[00:50.44]Dining Customs in the USA[00:54.14]Americans, like many people elsewhere in the world, [00:58.12]like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food, [01:02.10]drink and conversation.[01:04.90]Formal dinners in fine homes and hotels in the US[01:08.90]are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. [01:13.50]But as most people in the US have no servants,[01:17.42]their dinner parties at home tend to be informal.[01:21.34]Guests may sit down at a table,[01:23.77]or as many new small homes have no[01:26.25]separate dining room or very small dining space.[01:30.48]Guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room, [01:34.65]holding their plates or trays on their knees.[01:37.76]A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the picnic. [01:41.79]Americans are great picnickers and[01:44.23]almost every family has a picnic basket.[01:47.90]Summer invitations are often for[01:49.96]a picnic at a park or in the open countryside,[01:53.63]and less hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire. [01:57.86]Picnic food is usually cold.DICTATION 2[00:50.31]Costs in Colleges and Universities[00:54.66]Nearly all American students in colleges and[00:57.71]universities pay for their educations.[01:01.07]There are many costs.[01:03.44]First of all, there is tuition.[01:06.31]At some schools, the tuition is very high,[01:09.67]ten thousand dollars a year or more.[01:12.80]At other schools,[01:14.18]it may only be a few hundred dollars a year.[01:17.74]At some community colleges, tuition is free.[01:22.11]There are other costs as well.[01:24.85]Many students leave their homes to[01:26.86]go to schools in other cities.[01:29.84]They may live in dormitories or apartments,[01:32.83]and they must pay for it.[01:35.13]Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. [01:39.80]Going to college or university can be a big expense. [01:44.67]Some families start saving money for[01:47.25]their children's education when the children are small. [01:51.67]Many students work to save money for tuition.[01:55.71]They can also get loans from the government.[01:58.95]They pay the money back to the government[02:01.12]when they finish their education.DICTATION 4[00:49.96]Rainbow[00:51.51]You will not always see a rainbow[00:53.63]when it rains while the sun shines.[00:56.62]The sun must be in the right position over the horizon. [01:00.72]And remember to turn your back to the sun[01:03.85]when you look toward the sky.[01:05.90]A rainbow will never appear[01:07.92]in the path between you and the sun.[01:10.91]If you are on the ground,[01:13.08]you will only see a part of the rainbow.[01:16.27]This is because the earth blocks the rest of the circle. [01:20.07]You can see the whole circle[01:21.94]if you are flying high in a plane when a rainbow happens. [01:26.43]The shadow of the plane would be in the center.[01:30.22]Rainbows hold an important place[01:32.85]in the traditional stories and beliefs[01:35.75]that make up many cultures.[01:37.94]For example, some cultures say the rainbow[01:40.74]represents a bridge between life and death.[01:44.28]Still others see the rainbow as a sign of good things to come.PART I DICTATION text 1[01:02.23]Plastic[01:03.41]We use plastic wrap to protect our foods.[01:06.40]We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans.[01:10.55]We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys,[01:14.30]drink from plastic cups,[01:16.43]and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles.[01:20.62]Plastic does not grow in nature.[01:23.51]It is made by mixing certain things together.[01:27.01]We call it a produced or manufactured material.[01:31.52]Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants,[01:35.41]such as wood and cotton.[01:37.72]That plastic was soft and burned easily.[01:41.55]The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s.[01:46.00] Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil.[01:50.93]That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.[01:56.53]Over the years,[01:57.79]hundreds of different plastics have been developed.[02:01.15]Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. [02:05.91]Some are clear. Some are many-colored.[02:09.90]There is a plastic for almost every need.[02:13.79]Scientists continue to experiment with plastics.[02:17.73]They hope to find even more ways to use them.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1-10 C A D C A C B C B C11-20 A D D D B B B C B D21-30 C B C C C D D C C D[00:16.16]PART I DICTATION text 2[01:01.98]Music[01:02.85]Music is the abstract art of arranging vocal or[01:06.28]instrumental sounds[01:07.62]in a manner that produces a flowing,[01:10.08]unified and thoughtful composition that has melody,[01:14.32]harmony, rhythm.[01:16.25]In contrast to the other arts,[01:18.43]music is not a readily tangible form of expression.[01:22.86]Music may be called both the most mathematical and [01:26.36]the most abstract of the arts.[01:29.30]Unlike words, images, or dance, however,[01:32.82]musical tones in themselves have no concrete associations, [01:37.55]and only gain meaning when they are combined into patterns. [01:42.04]Through the centuries various philosophers have[01:44.79]attempted to integrate theories[01:46.78]on the essence of music with their particular world views. [01:50.92]Many non-Western cultures and some Western writers [01:54.53]as well have perceived it as an inherently mystical force, [01:58.85]able to unlock elemental truths or principles[02:02.27]that cannot be translated into written or graphic form. [02:06.83]Music is an important part of our lives,[02:09.44]and has been an important part of[02:11.50]every civilization known to man.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1-10 A D C C B C D B A D11-20 C C A B A A C C B A21-30 D C D D C D B D A C。
专四听写30篇
专四听写30篇专四听写30篇Dictation1Superstition迷信（144words）One person in four in Britain is,apparently,superstitious,/and they’ll do everything from hanging horseshoes over their fireplace to crossing their fingers,/touching wood and absolutely never walking under a ladder./And they’re careful about cats./Black cats are supposed to be the familiars of witches,/so if one is following you it’s definitely bad luck—a witch is after you!/ On the other hand,if one crosses your path and continues/then it’s good luck because it hasn’t noticed you./However,in some places the beliefs are different/—so it pays to know where your black cat comes from!/Old superstitions linger even in today’s modern world./The author Philip Pullman drew on them/in his award winning novel“His Dark Materials”./The novel,which appeals to both children and adults,/has been adapted for radio and also the theatre./Dictation2Graduate Student研究生（157words）Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study./They study to become experts in this field/and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A.or Ph.D./Sometimes when they get an M.A.in one field they begin studying another field./They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees/they will succeed in finding important jobs./They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying./The life of a graduate student is often difficult./They are usually too busy studying to make a good living./Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education./Some give upstudying before they get their degrees./But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate./In today’s world,most graduate students don’t regret spending time with their studies./They are finding that new developments are occurring in all fields./For many graduate study has become a necessity./Dictation3April Fool’s Day愚人节（157words）1st April is a day to be careful,or you could easily get tricked by someone./It’s April Fool’s Day,a day when people traditionally like to try/to make a fool of someone else and laugh at them./ There are lots of theories surrounding the origins of the day,/but one explanation is connected with the change in the calendar in the16th century,/which meant that1st April was no longer the beginning of the year./Those who still celebrated the New Year on1st April were called fools./ So what kind of pranks do people play on April Fool’s Day?/Well,there are lots of simple tricks/that you can play on your friends./For example,you could wear a black sweater/and pull a piece of white thread through it,/so that people try to pull it off./You could change the time on someone’s alarm clock/so that they’re late for work./ Dictation4Living Online网上生活（159words）How do you meet new people,make new friends,or find out about the latest bands?/Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars,pubs and clubs./ However,there is a new generation growing up/that finds it easier to manage their social liveson the net,/using free websites like MySpace,Bebo or MSN Spaces./Welcome to the social networking website/—a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meetother like-minded people./The most successful social networking website in the UK is /doc/ec12483279.html,./As of July2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website,/attracting almost3million visitors per month./MySpace claims to have95million members/with500,000new members joining the community each week./So how has it become so successful?/Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity./Each new member can build their own page simply—uploading photos,videos and MP3files./Dictation5Mother’s Day母亲节（160words）Does your mother know how much you appreciate her?/Well,Mother’s Day is the time to show her./It’s a chance to say‘thank you’,or to tell your mum how much you love her./ In Britain,Mother’s Day,or Mothering Sunday,/falls on a different day each year,/because it takes place a few weeks before the festival of Easter./But it is always in the early springtime, which seems appropriate,/as the season when new plants emerge,/and baby birds and animals are born./In the USA,Mother’s Day takes place a little later,in May,/and many other countries also celebrate their mothers on different days of the year./It began many years ago,when children,/especially girls,as young as10would live and work away from home/as housemaids and other types of servant./Mothering Sunday was a day when everyone was allowed to go to their home village or town,and visit their mothers./Dictation6Online Shopping网上购物（159words）With only two weeks to go before Christmas,/buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people./However,this yearnot so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops./These days lots of people can do their shopping/in the comfort of their own home with the help of the internet./ Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reason s;/prices are often lower online,/you don’t have to queue up in busy shops/and you can buy almost any product imaginable/with just a few clicks of your mouse./ Computer trends are often male-dominated/but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the internet than men./It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be./ Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240/compared to the slightly lower average of￡233for men./Dictation7Reality TV真实电视（155words）The latest fashion on British TV is Reality TV./Reality TV means that shows follow and film ordinary people in an artificial situation./This could be at work,or in some kind of competition./ One of the first and most popular Reality TV shows is Big Brother./In this show,15complete strangers have to live together in a house for11weeks./They are filmed24hours a day,/and shown on television./Each week,the viewers vote to evict one of the housemates./Finally,onlyone is left,/and they win the prize money!/The show was an instant hit,and runs in several countries./The housemates often become stars as a result of the show,/and appear in national newspapers and on other shows./ Another very popular show is I’m a Celebrity—Get Me Out Of Here!/In this show,10 celebrities have to complete tasks each week,such as eating insects./Dictation8School学校（160words）September is traditionally the end of summer/and the beginning of autumn in the UK./It is also the month when children go back to school after their long summer holidays./ There are two types of school in England./State-run schools are paid for by the government, so are free to attend./Independent Schools are private,which means you have to pay to attend./ The school day usually starts at9in the morning and finishes around4,/with breaks for lunch of course!/In many schools,you have to wear a uniform too./Children start school when they are5years old./This is called primary school,/and lasts until the child is11when he or she will go on to senior school./Secondary school is compulsory from11until16years of age./At16,students take national examinations called GCSE’s./After this,students can stay at school for another2years and take A Level examinations./Dictation9The Modern Family现代家庭（154words）Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast./The two children take the bus to school, /and mother stays home cooking and cleaning/until father and the kids return home in the evening. /This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain./The past20years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain./ The biggest change has been caused by divorce./As many as2out of3marriages now end in divorce,/leading to a situation where many children live with one parent/and only see the other at weekends or holidays./ There has also been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work./The large rise in divorces hasmeant/many women need to work to support themselves and their children./ Even when there is no divorce,/many families need both parents to work in order to survive./Dictation10Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节（146words）On25th September this year,people all over China/will be getting together to eat with their families,/look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar./ However,the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China./Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here,/and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular festival./The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study/which showed that Chinese Londoners don’t engage much with the arts world./As a result,‘Moon walking In China’has been created to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival./This is no normal theatre production though,/as it doesn’t take place in the theatre./Theatre professionals and volunteers from the local community/will take audiences around the streets ofSoho/on a magical lantern-lit walk/through the landmarks and backstreets of Chinatown./Dictation11The Dragon龙（160words）When many people in the west think of China,/the animal that they think of is the dragon./ For them,the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire./Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens./ For Chinese people however,the dragon is not an evil monster./It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck./The dragon’s main task is to create harmony and bring rain./ Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture,/andof course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual./Millions of Chinese have the word‘long’,meaning dragon,as part of their name./ China isn’t the only country to have the dragon as its symbol./Wales,one of the four countries in the UK,/has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag./The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan,/the tiny country between China and India./Dictation12Rainy Britain阴雨的英国（153words）Britain is famous around the world for its rainy weather,/but many parts of the country this June/are experiencing much more rain than they have ever seen before./Torrential downpours have caused rivers to burst their banks,/roads have been closed and many people have been evacuated/from their homes because of the floods./The worst hit area seems to be the north of England./There have even been fatalities as people got stuck in the rain/or were washed away by the floodwaters./Flood warnings have been issued in many parts of the UK/and it is said that over a month’s worth o f rain has fallen in just the last couple of days./The rain has also caused chaos at some of Britain’s famous June events./The Glastonbury festival is a four-day-long outdoor music festival/and while it is traditionally quite rainy and muddy there,/this year was particularly bad./Dictation13Christmas Traditions圣诞节传统（145words）There are many ways to celebrate Christmas,/and some British people like to go on holiday,/ go out for lunch to a restaurant,or spend the day with friends./But most people’s idea of a traditional Christmas/involves spending a few days with their family/—sometimes their extended family./The day is the most exciting for the children./They may have spent weeks or even months dreaming of the presents they want most./Since the beginning of December,they may have opened their advent calendars,/finding a new festive picture,chocolate,or small gift,/to count down each day until25th December./ On Christmas Eve,they hang up stockings,/ready to be filled with presents by Santa Claus./ Often a thank you gift of a mince pie and a glass of sherry will be left,/as well as a carrot for those hungry reindeer./Dictation14Olympic Slogan奥运口号（140words）Beijing unveiled the slogan for the2008Olympics as far back as2005./“One World,OneDream”was finally sel ected/from more than210,000entries from around the world./ Beijing’s original bid to host the2008games/had a different slogan“New Beijing,Great Olympics”./The organizers felt the new slogan shifted the focus nicely/from the city of Beijing itself to the spirit of the Olympics/—unity,friendship amongst nations and progress./ It was also felt that the“One World,One Dream”slogan/captured the traditional Chinese values of peace and harmony./ The Olympics hasn’t always had a slogan attached to each host country./In fact it wasn’t until 1988at the Seoul Olympics in South Korea/that the first slogan appeared./“Harmony and Progress”was chosen/and it seems to have been a popular theme over the years./Dictation15Sunbed太阳床（159words）In the UK,a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshine,/there appears to be an ever increasing number of very tanned young people./So just how are they achieving their golden tans?/Some areopting for the sun-free option/ and are getting their tan from a bottle./However,it appears that others are turning to tanning salons, /of which there are thousands in the UK./While in China young people often prefer to remain fair,/in the UK there seems to be a growing desire for tanned skin./So why do the British prefer to be bronzed?/Often,they are trying to emulate their favorite celebrities,footballers,or footballers’wives./Research from the British Sunbed Association suggests that/many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier./This is a belief that is most definitely not shared by Cancer Research UK./They firmly state that being tanned is not a sign of health./Dictation16Speechwriting写演讲稿（143words）The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker,/with merit being given to speakers who are confident,articulate,/knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction./But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches,/it is a speechwriter./And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics./So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?/Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain,/a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills,/be detail oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject./They must also work closely with speakers/and be able to relate to their style./ Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent,/a natural creative instinct,/ and that speechwriting is an art form./Dictation17A Walk in the Park在公园散步（141words）Exercising in natural areas is not only good for your physical health/—it can improve your mood/and sense of well-being in as little as five minutes./So says research in the journal Environmental Health and Technology./Exercise alone is known to make you happier./So is being in a natural setting./So scientists wanted to see the effect of combining the two./They evaluated10different UK studies involving more than1,200people./Participants had taken part in activities such as gardening,/sailing and country walks,and rated their mood and self-esteem./The research showed that both areas get a significant boost/with as little as five minutes of outdoor exercise./And people with mental disorders benefited the most./The study authors say this is the first study/to quantify the amount of time needed to get a positive effect./Dictation18Fast Food Makes Us Less Patient快餐使我们失去耐性（146words）Fast food is a multibillion-dollar industry,/and for some of us,drive-through dinner has become a way of life./Granted,sometimes we grab something quick because we really don’t have time./But psychologists got to wondering/whether all this speed eating might actually make us less patient./In a series of experiments,the scientists showed volunteers logos/from several fast-food chains or asked them to recall the last time they’d visited./And they found that folks who had thought about fast food would then read faster,/even though no one told them to hurry./And they also expressed a preference for time-saving products,/like shampoo plus conditioner./And theytended to opt for immediate rewards,/like getting a small cash payment right away/rather than waiting a week for a larger sum./So if you want to ease the pace,forget meditation.Try a slow cooker./Dictation19Light All Night Not Alright整夜开灯并非好事（159words）A nightlight may keep those monsters under the bed./But it may also open the door to the blues./If you have access to electricity,you no doubt switch on a lamp,/maybe even watch a little TV,after the sun goes down./But our bodies use cues about lightness and dark to regulate our hormones/and of course our sleep cycles./So what might these extra photons be doing to our health?/To find out,scientists housed mice in a room/where the lights were always on./After three weeks,they found that mice who lived in the spotlight showed symptoms of depression,/more so than mice who enjoyed eight hours of darkness at night./Interestingly,mice who could escape the light by ducking into a dark tube/also escaped the worst of the depression./ So flip that light switch at your own risk./Because the artificial brightness that helps keep us up could also bring us down./Dictation20London2012Olympic Games伦敦2012奥运会（154words）After a hard-fought campaign,/London has been awarded the right to host the2012Olympic Games./The UK capital saw off competition from four rival cities:/Paris,Madrid,Moscow and New York./Londoners can now look forward to the transformation of their city/in the same way as their counterparts in Beijing./Indeed,there are many similarities in the twocities’approach to hostingthe games./Both cities need to invest in developing their infrastructure/in order to cope with the demands of the event./ However,this kind of investment is far from cheap/—it is estimated that it will cost around $40billion to prepare for the2008games,/much of which will be spent on transport links./ Nevertheless,the benefits of becoming an Olympic city can be enormous/—Barcelona,which hosted the1992games,/was completely regenerated and has since become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world./Dictation21Picnic野餐（155words）As summertime begins in Britain,people start to feel the urge to go outside to eat./People love to have a picnic whenever the weather is good enough,/especial ly people with children./It’s a great way to spend a sunny afternoon./Even in the centre of London,on a sunny day,/the parks are full of office workers eating their lunch outside on the grass./That might be a pretty basic picnic/—a shop-bought sandwich and a bottle of water./But if people are planning a picnic on the beach or at the park,/they would probably pack a cool bag/with a whole variety of home-made sandwiches,snacks,cake,fruit and soft drinks./ They might have a picnic rug to sit on,and paper plates and cups./ University students enjoy having picnics,/and usually take along some kind of sports equipment,/such as a ball in order to burn off some energy after lunch./Dictation22Changing Name after Marriage婚后改名（155words）Getting married is one of the most important decisions that a person takes in one’s life./This is because it is a step that hasthe potential to alter or change one’s life altogether./Right from the wedding dress to the house/that the couple will live after their wedding,/is decided with utmost care./An important decision that the person has to make along with the other arrangements for the wedding/is to choose between one’s maiden name and spouse’s name./Though traditionally, women are expected to change their name/from their maiden name to their husband’s name,/ many women nowadays opt to keep their maiden name after marriage,/mostly for professional reasons./Apart from this,there are women who adopt their husband’s last name/and keep their maiden name as their second name./Also,there are couples who make a new name with both their names,/by separating the names with a hyphen./ Dictation23The Compass指南针（153words）A magnetic compass is a device that has been used for centuries now,/and its utility in helping people find their way is undoubted./Before technology gave us the privilege of GPS navigation systems,/the act of finding out where you are and which side is north/was carried out simply with the help of a compass./We’ve all seen a compass at some point or the other,/and this has alm ost always led us to the question“How does a compass work?”/The answer to this question can be explained/through the concept of the earth’s electromagnetism./Simply speaking,a compass is basically a small magnet/that has a needle attached on one end. /The other end of the magnet is attached to a freely moving pin./When the compass is held out steadily,/the magnet becomes parallel with the magnetic field of the Earth,/and this causes it to point north./Dictation24Ball Games球类运动（157words）Ball games have become an integral part of modern society./They give us entertainment providing us a means to safely free ourselves from stress./There are many different ball games that can do this for us./Some people enjoy football,while others like basketball./These two ball games are the most popular in China./Other games such as baseball are growing in appeal,yet have not become popular./The development of these games is interesting./Basketball is one of the few sports with a known date of birth./Football,or soccer,originally developed from traits found in both China and Europe./It has grown to become the world’s most popular sport./In Europe, football clubs have been established,/which in turn has been copied in the rest of the world./ These football clubs train players/who may later go to play for their nations in the World Cup./ This is the most watched ballgame championship on the planet./Dictation25Water Sports水上运动（145words）The history of man’s involvement with water sports/stretches back before history was written down./It is a history of the development of technology as well as human physical achievement./ Man first took to water in boats that sailed around the world/with nothing but the stars to guide them./The seas and rivers were a mystery to be feared,/for lurked unknown creatures and death by drowning./Few actually ventured into the water./As a sport,however,water sports such as swimming,diving,/and water polo are new comparatively to those on land./Probably the oldest one is rowing in a rowboat./This is seen in modern games such as competitions/between rowing clubs in British and American universities./Olympic Water Sports began with swimming but did not end there./The different kinds of water sports such as divingor water skiing came later./Dictation26Famous Universities名校（140words）Many countries have excellent universities./There are,however,few world famous ones./ These universities have achieved their fame/through a combination of both their age/and the high levels of quality in their instruction./Throughout their histories,/each one has been a testing ground for the leadership of the nation./In the United States,Harvard and Yale attract thousands of foreign students/who would use what they learn for the advancement of their own nations./In this way,these schools have developed an interesting method of international communication./ Graduates around the world are able to connect with each other/by having graduated from one of the finest universities in the world./Leaders in every field,whether government officials or ground-breaking scientists,/who graduated from the same school have a direct link to each other/ and understand each other much better./Dictation27Ideal Life理想人生（157words）The ideal life is one that many people would like to pursue,yet few achieve./The balance between dreams and reality is one that is difficult to overcome./Many people choose a vocation in the hopes/that it would bring them wealth and success./However,after years of labor in theirchosen field,they begin to hate their jobs./This is mainly because they have neglected other parts of their lives in search of this success./These people devote their lives to working/and are unable to separate themselves from their work./They find that it may not be enough./Some have jobs where their principles and emotional health/are challenged by dishonesty or bad workenvironments./These people can begin to become influenced by the environment in which they work,/leading to personal or health problems./This choice is not a permanent situation,however, /as many people have chosen to change the values of their lives./Dictation28Reeducation and Employment再教育和就业（160words）During the course of our lives,we must make many choices that we may come to regret./This is especially true when choosing a career./Jobs that sound exciting or rewarding become dull or not worth it/as we live our daily existence./This is where reeducation can help./Occupational schools have been set up to train people in jobs/that they may be better suited for./People can adapt their interests and talents through selected courses./They can learn cooking skills,which are always in great demand./Gardening is an option for those who enjoy the outdoors or have a green thumb./If a person is interested in motors or cars,they can get training as a mechanic./Even more, the learning of a foreign language/would allow them the opening of a dream life./The job qualification certificates they earn can also be used too enhance their resumes,/so that they are trained in a variety of skills./Dictation29Made in China中国制造（160words）The label,Made in China,is one that is becoming increasing common/in shopping centers all over the world./In the United States,shoppers at Wal-Mart the nation’s largest retailer/have a wide selection of products mostly produced in China./The large amount of Chinese imports have created a large selection of goods in other countries/as people begin to buy more and more products made in China./These goods are even readily availablein other Asian nations,/where Chinese-made goods are quite popular./Chinese brand names are also becoming more well-known outside of China./The development of China has amazed the world with its growth./And also,as China is a developing economy with large amounts of labor,/industries are beginning to relocate in an effort to minimize costs and increase profits./The results of these relocations are that/nations are beginning to try to limit the flow of Chinese goods/with the use of taxes and import restrictions./Dictation30Glaciers冰川（153words）Glaciers are formed in places where the temperatures are extremely cold./This could even include places that are at sea level,/but are mostly places that are high up on mountains./ In such cold places it snows most of the year./This snow will settle down and when it snows again/the lower layer of snow gets compressed./Every time it snows,the below layers will compress more,/finally turning into hard ice./This ice is what forms the glacier./ When the temperature rises slightly,/the outer edges of the formed glacier and fresh snow will melt./For a glacier to form and sustain itself it is of prime importance/that the amount of snow that falls on it must be more than the amount of glacier that has melted./This is the only way in which the glacier will be able to maintain itself/and keep increasing in size year after year./。
大一听力教材Dictation部分（1）
⼤⼀听⼒教材Dictation部分（1）Unit1Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable —especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Unit2Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in w inter. In Lhasa, the mildest city in Tibet, temperatures may exceed 29 degrees Celsius in summer while plummeting to -16 degrees Celsius in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunl ight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that there are great temperature extremes on the same day! The average temperature in northern Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperatures, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September represent the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.Unit3I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran on to the platform and up to the train. Luckily, someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was moving out of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passenger. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them. All except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watchingme in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.She spoke first, however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked.“Y ou look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.Unit4Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk, he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?”“Go,” Aesop answered.“I know I must go,” said the traveler, “but I should like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.”“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.“This man must be mad,” the traveler thought and went on.After he had gone some distance, Aes op shouted after him, “Y ouwill get to town in two hours.” The traveler turned round in astonishment. “Why didn’t you tell me that before?” he asked.“How could I have told you before?” answered Aesop. “I did not know how fast you could walk.”Unit5Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is more true than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level or skills.Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase in annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more than their high school counterparts over a lifetime.Unit6I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The sta tion’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Y outh Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books I drove to therinks where the skater trained, and made notes about our conversation. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.Unit7Thomas Edison was often said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of history who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy just because someone said he was a genius. “There is no such thing as Genius,” Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they did not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking could give men enjoyment and pleasure.Unit8The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says hunger kills millions of people each year—especially children. The UN organization says millions more people will die unless more money is invested to fight against hunger.This is based on the results of a new UN study called “The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2002”. It found that more than nine million people die each year from huger. Six million of them are children younger than age five. Researchers also found that the number of starving people is growing in some parts of the world.The report says that about eight hundred and forty million people around the world are not getting enough food to eat. Ninety-five percent of these people are in developing countries.Unit9In contemporary English, there are many reported differences in the talk of males and females. In same gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than men. Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news. Men tend to respond to an expression of feeling or problems by giving advice or solutions, while women are more likely to mention personal experiences that match or connect with the other woman’s. There is a pattern documented in the American English social context of women cooperating and seeking connection via language, whereas men are more competitive and concerned with power via language. In mixed-gender pairs having conversations, the rate of men interrupting women is substantially greater than the reverse. Women are reported to use more expressions associated with tentativeness, such as “hedges” (sort of; kindof) and “tags” (isn’t it? don’t you?), when expressing an opinion: Well, erm, I think that golf in kind if boring, don’t you?Unit10The University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge. The two universities have a long history of competition with each other and they are the two oldest and most famous universities in England.The date of Oxford’s foundation is unknown, and indeed it may not have been a single event, but there is evidence of teaching there as early as 1096. When Henry II of England forbade English students to study at the University of Paris in 1167, Oxford began to grow very quickly. The foundation of the first halls of residence, which later became colleges, dates from the period and later. Following the murder of two student accused of rape in 1209, the University was disbanded, and this led to the foundation of the University of Cambridge. In 1214, the University returned to Oxford with a charter, and the Universi ty’s status was formally confirmed.。
Dictation(听写法)在英语听力教学中的应用
Dictation(听写法)在英语听力教学中的应用[摘要] 随着外语教学法的不断改革创新,英语听力教学方法也经历了历次改革。
听写法(dictation),作为一种听力技巧和考试方法,却一直颇受争议。
与20世纪60年代前的流行地位相反,这种“过时的”教学方法遭到当今推崇交际教学法的外语教师的反对。
争议之处何在?本文结合相关文献和教学实践,在分析听写的法性质、听写存在问题的基础上,提出改进听写方法的一些建议,以期促进英语听力教学。
[关键词] 听写法英语听力教学随着外语教学法的不断改革创新,英语听力教学方法也经历了历次改革。
听写法(dictation)作为一种听力技巧和考试方法,却一直颇受争议。
与20世纪60年代前的流行地位相反,这种“过时的”教学方法遭到当今推崇交际教学法的外语教师的反对。
争议之处何在?本文结合相关文献和教学实践,在分析听写的法性质、听写存在问题的基础上,提出改进听写方法的一些建议,以期促进英语听力教学。
一、听写法(dictation)的性质维基百科全书将听写定义为“口头文本的转录过程,即一方口述,另一方记录。
”然而正是这个看似简单的过程却引起学者们的诸多争论。
著名语言学家Lado批评“听写法似乎没能测试学生的语言能力。
学生可以通过上下文猜词,听写几乎无法测学生的语音知识;听写中特意放慢的速度使学生不太可能听错单词。
”听写似乎没有可取之处,然而事实并非如此。
Oller(1971)用表1描述了听写复杂却意义非凡的全过程。
听写过程综合听者辨别语音语调单位、语法、句法、语音、语义、语用知识和文字输出的能力。
Morris(1983)因此认为听写有助于培养外语学习者精确听写的能力,人们应该重新估量其重要性。
Field(2008)认为听写是一个解码声音信号(decoding)和意义建构(meaning building)的过程。
准确解码声音信号要求听者具备良好的听力和语音知识,意义建构需要听者综合运用语法、句法、语用、语义等语言知识。
专业英语四级(听写听力)-试卷160
专业英语四级（听写听力）-试卷160(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 DICTATION(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Memory and Ageing Many people worry about their memory as they get older. / But progressive memory loss isn't inevitable as the years pass. / Changes do occur in how the brain works and how we remember things. / And diseases contributing to a decline in mental powers do become more common. / Nevertheless, the majority of people reach their 80s or 90s without significant problems. / Although the way the brain stores memories is far from understood, / there seem to be several types of memory, / including very recent memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. / The older you get, the less efficient the brain becomes at storing and recalling memories. /)解析：3.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Educational Technology Schools are almost all connected to the Internet. / But some have more technology, and use it more than others. / For example, some schools use computers for activities like video conferencing, / to bring the world into the classroom. / And some classrooms are equipped with things like an interactive whiteboard. / Interactive whiteboards are large displays for presentations. / They connect to a computer and can operate by touch. / They can be used for documents or writing or to project video. / Some teachers are trying creative new ways to teach with devices like mobile phones. / But educators say the most important thing is the content. /)解析：4.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： TOEIC TOEIC, which stands for the Test of English for International Communication, / measures the ability of people to communicate in the workplace using everyday English. / More than 9,000 organizations use the test in more than 90 countries. / Non-native English speakers take the test to demonstrate their English skills / when seeking a new job or a promotion. / Some organizations use the TOEIC to measure progress in English training programs and as a placement test. / The TOEIC is really two tests. / One is a paper-and-pencil test, /which measures listening and reading skills. / The other test given on a computer measures speaking and writing skills.)解析：5.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Dictionary A dictionary is a reference book / that focuses on defining words and phrases, including multiple meanings. / The most frequently used dictionary is a language dictionary / that includes the majority of frequently used words in a language. / There are many competing dictionaries put out by different companies. / Not only do they have different forms—but they differ in other ways. / Each company, for example, uses its own version of phonetic respelling. / Many dictionaries include their experts' guidance on grammar, usage, and the history of the language. / Definitions differ slightly, and sample sentences may be the work of the editorial staff / or taken from real-world usage, perhaps the first known written use. /)解析：6.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案： The Graduation Ceremony In American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day. / The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium. / The people who come to watch the graduation / are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates. / Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops. / The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech. / The school principal and other officials will also make speeches. / Then each graduate will receive a diploma or a degree, / which has his name and the name of the school. /)解析：。
(完整word版)听力dictation
一，（a women at home）In Japan, most people still feel that a woman's place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their traditional role as wives, leaving the business of making a living to their husbands. For those who do want a career of their own, opportunities are limited, and working women usually have to settle for lower wages, fewer promotions, and less responsible positions.In America, on the other hand, most women, including wives and mothers, work most of their lives. But until recently, few have had real careers. As in Japan most fields are dominated by men and opportunities for women have been restricted, salaries low, chances for advancement rare. American women work mainly because they have to; in these days of inflation and luxurious living, only one income per family is simply not enough to live on. So American women actually have two jobs: one nine-to-five position outside the home, and the other round-the-clock in-the-home job such as wife, housemaid, cook and nurse.（One of the main goals of the modern women's liberation movement, which started in the early 1960s, was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to open up opportunities for women that were previously reserved for men. And though there is still a long way to go, a lot of progress has been made.）二，（success）Success in life depends to a great extent on what we mean by success.To some people money is the only real indication (象征) of achievement in the modern world. Their evaluation of success is based on the state of their bank balance and the power that goes with it. Their life is devoted to making money and they are at a loss to understand people whose ideas are different from their own.There are people, however, who consider their lives successful if they are doing what they enjoy doing though it may not bring them ,any great financial (财政)reward. A man who spends his time gardening might consider himself successful if the flowers blossomed and his trees gave fruit. Nursing, teaching, running a Youth Club all bring their own kind of success to those interested in them.Success can be found in painting a picture nobody will ever see, sailing a boat, watching the stars, collecting stamps---almost anything that involve personal efforts. The great thing is to believe that success is not necessarily public.三，（the people way of seeing things）The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe. For those who believed in the physical existence of Hell in middle ages, the sight of fire must have meant something different from what it means today. Nevertheless their idea of hell owed a lot to the sight of fire consuming and theashes remaining as well as to their experience of the pain of burns.We only see what we look at. To look is an act of choice. As a result of this act, what we see is brought within our reach, though not necessarily within arm's reach. To touch something is to situate oneself in relation to it. We never look at just one thing; we are always looking at the relation between things and ourselves. Our vision is continually active, continually moving, continually holding things in a circle around itself.（Soon after we can see, we are aware that we can also be seen. The eye of others combines with our own eye to make it fully clear that we are part of the visible world.）四EducationSome people may say that it is energy that makes the world to go round, / but in my opinion there is something else which is equally important. / That is education. / Education makes it possible to pass on / the invaluable knowledge of our ancestors and, at the same time, / makes it easier to explore the contemporary world. / Most great inventions have been brought about by educated people. / So we can say that education makes the world go round. /A poorly educated nation can never be a rich one. / The most advanced countries in the world all place great emphasis on education. / Nations which have a low percentage of educated people can, / in most cases, barely produce the basic necessities of life, / let alone develop their science, technology and economics. / Such nations are facing the possibility of extinction in this highly developed world. / Therefore, education cannot be emphasized enough in a developing country.Old AgeMany people mistakenly believe that old age is a time of increased illness and loneliness. / In fact, people do not suddenly change / when they reach the age of 60 or 65. / Consequently, we should not expect more mental illness / among the 60 to 70 age group than among the 50 to 60. / Furthermore, also more parents and their married children live in separate households than ever before, / this is usually by choice. / It is not because children now tend to neglect their parents / when they become old. /It is also wrong to believe that old age seriously affects a person’s mental abilities. / There is clear proof that people who were eager to learn and who welcomed new experiences in their old age, / continue to do so in old age. / It is true that older people tend to take longer to learnsomething new than young people. / Nevertheless, if they are given sufficient time, / they learn as well as young people do.Being UnemployedMost people are much more frightened by being unemployed than they need to be. / Being unemployed certainly has disadvantages, / but there are good things about it too. / One advantage is that you don’t have to get up early to work in the rush hour. / You can stay in bed as long as you like, / and there is plenty of time to read the newspaper / and have a leisurely breakfast. / But the best thing of all is that you are your own boss / and there is no one to tell you what to do and when to do it. / One drawback of being unemployed is that you haven’t got much money coming in—/ having a job at least enables you to save a lot of money to go on holiday. / On the other hand, when you are unemployed, / you needn’t go on holiday / because you are on holiday already. / In fact, the main trouble is that you have to spend much time looking for a job.The Credit Card in the U.S.Today, more and more people in the U.S. are using credit cards / instead of money to buy what they need. / Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record / can apply for a credit card. /With a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, / and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. / In this way, you can pay for purchases a month or two later. / Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months / and pay only part of the total amount each month. / With a credit card, you don’t have to carry much cash / and you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. / The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. / This of course can be a problem / if you charge more than you can pay for.World “no tabacco day”People in all part of the world are observing “no tobacco day”it is the day when the world organization appeals to people to stop using tabacco products.The WTO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or chewing tabacco for one day,they will stop ///// the day induces special observances awards ceremonies in 166 countries ,health expertsBritan humorJokes that make one country laugh out loud are likely to leave another country.country confused and slient,but humorcan also be very reavling if not always funny.after all.jokes are ofen just another way of expressing.in britain if you are successful or powerful,you will probally become the subject of a joke in a popular magazine .this magazine has been poking fun of the great and the good in britain life for the last 35 years.and its victims will admit to reaching it and laughing with it.one of the most eduring types of humor is satire.this is a art of making fun of people in positions power ,。
专业英语四级(听写听力)-试卷159
专业英语四级（听写听力）-试卷159(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 DICTATION(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Nonprofit Organizations Several well-known nonprofit organizations are international. / Nonprofit means these groups do not seek to make money from their efforts. / Nonprofits usually have a focus or shared interest, / such as the environment, humanitarian aid, or entertainment. / The National Geographic Society is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational institutions in the world. / It is primarily focused on exploration, geography and natural science. / It also supports international research and exploration. / The projects it has sponsored or assisted with are more than 9,000. / The Red Cross is probably the most recognizable aid organization in the world. / It provides food and other aid to people and areas in distress. /)解析：3.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Choosing a Good Password Lots of confusion surrounds the choice of strong passwords. / Here is a simple way to create strong passwords / that you can remember and that will make you less vulnerable to online attackers. / The ideal password is a random sequence of characters. / But such a password is not so human-friendly / as you may find it tricky to remember. / One good technique is to choose a memorable phrase / and use the first letter of each word to create an acronym to use as your password. / The chosen phrase should not be well known. / And using capitals and lower case can add quite a lot of strength. /)解析：4.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Race The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society / has been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently / that visitors to the United States do not know / what to expect when they arrive. / Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States / fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. / Some forms of discrimination still exist, unfortunately, / especially in the areas of the housing, schools, and jobs. / There are still too many areas of the country / where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans. /)解析：5.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The National Museum of Natural History The National Museum of Natural History is one of the most visited museums. / It has the largest collection of any natural history museum in the world. / Scientists have been collecting these specimens for almost 200 years. / Scientists working for the museum are doing research in many countries / to find new information about the natural world and its organisms. / Each year they report important discoveries to the public. / Now, the expansion of the Internet has made it possible / for people around the world to get this information. / People who are unable to visit this museum / can use computers to explore the museum. /)解析：6.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： In-service Education and Vocational Development Universities, with their complete curriculum, / are intended to first teach us about everything. / Later studies fill in the gap of knowledge by offering more specialized courses. / Universities, however, are meant to teach the theories of any particular field, / not the practical knowledge needed to do our jobs. / Vocational school has risen to fill this gap of practical knowledge. / Vocational schools can aid us in this / by teaching us to be especially good at one thing. / If a person has enough health and energy, as well as determination, / he may go to night school to take a self-teaching program. /)解析：。
英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇-----word版25-50
Travel for WorkYou can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have to travel for their work.When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker announce “The fight of Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours.” Some people say to me, “How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!” They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not.There are advantages, of course, and I do thin I am lucky, but only because I can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist.IntelligenceAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.A Free Dress Every WeekThe temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and people are not so honest as they once were.A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl “gave” her mother a free dress every week!TimeTime is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or even kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. “Do you have any time?”, “Can you get some time for this?”, “How much free time do you have?” The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-,30-, and 60-minute time slots. The idea that “there is a time and place for everything” extends to American social life. Visitorswho drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host’s personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors’ dropping by.Useful words and expressions:1.tangible 切实的2.kill time 消磨时间3.reveal 显示，揭示4.scheduling 行程安排5.slot 缝隙6.drop by 随便访问7.preferred 首选的CartoonistsIn a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials.A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humor in his drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person’s characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across.Useful Words and Expressions:1.cartoonist 漫画家2.campaign 活动3.controversial 争论的，争议的4.sketch 素描5.prominent 卓越的6.exaggerate 夸张7.lengthen 延长8.grin 露齿笑Water PollutionWater is very important to us. Factories and plants need water for industrial uses and large pieces of farmland need it for irrigation. Without water to drink, people die in a short time.Today most water sources are so dirty that people must purify water before drinking. Water becomes dirty in many ways: industrial pollution is one of them. With the development of industry, plants and factories pour tons of industrial wasters into rivers every day. The rivers have become seriously polluted, and the water is becoming unfit for drinking or irrigation. The same thing has also happened to our seas and oceans. So, the problem of water pollution is almost worldwide.Scientists of many countries have done a lot of work to stop pollution. The polluted water in some places has become clean and drinkable again. Perhaps one day the people in all towns and cities will be drinking clean water. That day, we believe, is not very far off.Making a ComplaintComplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. But if something you have brought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right.Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain direct. In a chain store, ask the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later. If you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article.Where Do the British LiveNearly everyone in Britain would like to own their own home and, whether they do or not, they are prepared to put time and money into decorating and furnishing it or even making structural alterations to it. Because of the climate and because of the expense involved in going out for the evening, the British spend a lot of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there.Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, there are various options open to them. They can get lodgings with a landlady. This means that they rent a room in someone’s house and have breakfast with the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say one self-contained room in which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people, perhaps the most popular option of all.Useful Words and Expressions:1.lodging 寄宿处2.bedsit 卧室兼起居室3.bed-sitting 卧室兼起居室的4.self-contained 设备齐全的Will Computers Replace Human Beings?We are in the computer age today. The computers are working all kinds of wonders now. They are very useful in automatic control and data processing. At the same time, computers are finding their way into the home. They seem to be so clever and can solve such complicated problems that some people think sooner or later they will replace us.But I do not think that there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple: computers are machines, not humans. And our tasks are far too various and complicated for any one single kind of machine to perform.Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the former can do things of his own while the latter can do nothing without being programmed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension of our human brains, no matter how clever and complicated they may become.SoccerSoccer has had a slow start in America. In fact, the majority of schools still have no official soccer teams or coaches. But the blossoming popularity of the game cannot be denied. Thanks to the efforts of some world-famous soccer stars, soccer is soon to have its place in American culture.Although soccer has enjoyed decades of popularity elsewhere, it was literally ignored in America. Instead, a variation of the game called “football” was most popular in the U.S. and still is to this day. But the obvious advantages of playing soccer instead will soon win even the most avid football enthusiasts.For one thing, soccer is a much safer game to play than football. No one deliberately tries to knock an opponent down in soccer. In fact, they players are discouraged from even touching each other.Soccer is a game that requires skill and dexterity in controlling the ball. Since no one may use hands to do this, soccer players soon acquire incredible control of their heads, knees, and feet.Useful Words and Expresisons:1.slow start 缓慢起动2.blossom 兴旺，发展3.ignore 忽视4.avid 渴望的5.discourage from 劝阻6.dexterity 灵巧，机敏ArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions of possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us.Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.Useful words and Expressions:1.visual artist 视觉艺术家2.selection 挑选，选择3.exceptional 例外的，异常的4.motion 运动，动作5.indicate显示，象征6.contemporary 当代的，同时代的without reference to 不论，与……无关Professioanl Sports in the U.S.Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States, but also a big business. The most popular sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters. Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located. For example, the Lakers are in Los Angeles. The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents of Los Angeles and Southern California. When the Lakers play, many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game. When we mention “NBA”, almost every one knows it ahs some relationship with U.S. professional basketball. However, what does it reallystand for? N.B.A is gaining new fans and supporters around the world. Basketball has been called the “national pastime”. However, football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.. American football is different from international football, which Americans call “soccer”. Both games require strength and specialized skills.Useful Words and Expressions:1.be named for 被指定为2.be short for 是……的简称3.stand for代表“How to” BooksBooks which give instructions on how to do things are popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “how to” books are available. In fact, there are about for thousand books with titles that begin with the words “how to’.Many “how to” books give advice on careers. They tell you how to choose a career and how to succeed in it. Many of these books help people to use their free time better. Some people want book which will give them useful information about sports, hobbies and travel. Other people use their free time to make repairs and improvements on their homes. They prefer books which give step-by-step instructions on how to repair things like plumbing and electrical wiring or on how to redecorate or enlarge a house.Why have “how to”books become so popular? Probably because life has become more complex. Today people have far more free to use, more choices to make, and more problems to solve, “how to” books help people to deal with modern life.Useful words and Expressions:1.step-by-step 按部就班的2.redecorate 重新装饰，再装饰plex 复杂的，综合的Don’t give upIf we would ever accomplish anything in life, let us not forget that we must persevere. If we would learn our lessons in school, we must be diligent and not give up whenever we come to anything difficult. We shall find many of our lessons very hard, but let us consider that the harder they are the better they will do to us if we will preserve and learn them thoroughly.But there are some among us who are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics, and say, “I can’t do this.”They never will if they feel so. “I can’t”never does anything worthwhile, but “I’ll try” accomplishes wonders.Let us remember that we shall meet with difficulties all through life. They are in the pathway of everyone. If we will only try and keep trying, we shall be sure to conquer and overcome very difficulty we meet.How High Can You Jump?Fleas trainers have observed a strange habit of fleas while training them.Fleas are trained by putting them in a cardboard box with a top on it. The fleas will jump up and hit the top of the cardboard box over and over and over again. As you watch them jump and hit the lid, something very interesting becomes obvious. The fleas continue to jump, but they are no longer jumping high enough to hit the top.When you take off the lid, the fleas continue to jump, but they will not jump out of the box.They will not jump out because they cannot jump out. Why? The reason is simple. They have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high, that is all they can do!Many times, people do the same thing. They restrict themselves and never reach their potential. Just like the fleas, they fail to jump higher, thinking they are doing al they can do. Useful Words and Expressions:1.cardboard 纸板2.lid 盖子3.conditioned 有条件的，习惯于……的4.restrict 限制，约束be restricted within narrow limits 限于狭窄的范围内be restricted in one’s movements 行动受限制Apology HelpsIt is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were so sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now.Useful Words and Expressions:1.push ahead 捉紧进行2.at the expense of 在损害……的情况下3.mysterious神秘的4.moral 道德的5.disturbed 扰乱的6.stay out of 不参与……，置身于……之外7.heartfelt 衷心的，真心真意的8.roughly粗糙地，概略地SleepWhy is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feel “tired” physically and still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body may be exhausted, you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simply “turn off”.Lack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hours of sleep a night to function properly. When you get less sleep than that on consecutive three nights, you begin to accrue four “sleep debt”. As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response. Now a vicious cycle has been created: You experience the feeling of being more and more tired, but your body is increasingly stimulated. “Power sleeping”for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution. There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep on a regular basis.1.overtire 使过度疲劳2.apply to 将……应用于3.consecutive 连续的，连贯的4.accrue 自然增加，产生5.vicious恶的vicious cycle 恶性循环6.stimulate 刺激，激励7.substitute for 代替……，替换……Our ConcernThe history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Only in the present century has one species of man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.The rapidity of change follows the pace of man rather than the pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.We have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals into the hands of persons largely ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. We have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern.Useful Words and Expressions:1.interaction 交互作用，交感2.vegetation 植被3.mold 塑造，浇铸4.species 种类5.unnatural 不自然的6.temper with 损害，影响7.counterpart 配对物8.poisonous 有毒的9.potent 有力的，有效的10.consent 同意，赞成Gardening in AmericaBelieve or not, 43,000,000 Americans are gardening. That is about one in six. Gardeners, of course, come in many varieties. Not surprisingly, most of them are people who live in the suburbs, and enjoy planting flowers, or maybe a small vegetables garden.The average age of gardeners in America is about 45 years old; they usually fall somewhere in the middle class. But the fastest growing groups are city dwellers. Urban residents are finding ways of gardening even in their crowded areas. Many go to large public gardens, as a place designed by the city for garden, and you can actually ranch your own plot.Still other people use their balconies or roof tops, wherever they can find the space to plant small patches of green.1.suburb 郊区2.dweller 居民3.ranch 经营牧场4.balcony 阳台5.patch小块地The Influence of LifeIn the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as the other lower animals did.When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as setting up families, forming societies and founding cities.Useful words and Expressions:1.interact with 与……组合2.clearing 空旷地3.grazing 放牧，牧草4.domestication 驯养，驯服5.previously 先前，以前6.inedible 不能吃的，不适于食用的7.pursuit 追击8.set up 设立AutomobilesIt is impossible to say that any one man invented the automobile. Many individuals living and working in different countries and at different times contributed to its development. Many of the discoveries that went into the creation of the automobile were small in themselves. But together they were important. Here are two examples.“Carriage is running at a speed of 8 to 9 miles an hour.” It was almost unheard of in those days. According to automobile historians, this was the first practical use of mechanical power to move a vehicle. After its first run, the machine reportedly burned up while the inventor and his friends were celebrating its success at a pub.Henry Ford is considered the father of modern automobiles mass production. His famous Model-T car, because of its low price, made it possible to produce cars on a large scale and his efforts made it accessible to ordinary people.Useful words and expressions:1.reportedly 据传说，据传闻2.mass production大规模生产3.on a large scale 大规模地4.accessible 易接近的，可到达的accessible to 与……接近House and Home“House” and “home” are two words that have similar meanings.“House” and “home” both refer to places where people live. However, there is a difference between them. “Home” is often referred to as the place that we live in with our families. Sadly, in our society, people can hardly distinguish a home from a house because they often see no difference between them. This confusion can be traced back to the indifference between family members. Therefore, we can say that love is an important factor in a home. A home is a shelter, not only for our bodies but also for our minds. Whenever we are depressed, we can go home for comfort. Everyone in the family will do his best to take care of each other and share their happiness as well as sorrow. Without love, a home is merely a house where loneliness is all that can be found. And a house can never be a home unless there is love.Useful words and expressions:1.refer to 提到2.distinguish区别，辨别3.confusion 混乱，混淆4.trace back 追溯到5.indifference 不关心6.。
Dictation 1
1.Unhappiness in middle age, also known as midlife crisis,2.is a universal experience.3.People around the world seem to share an emotional design in life.4.That design is shaped like the letter U.5.Levels of happiness are the highest when people are young and whenthey are old.6.In the middle, however, most peoples happiness and life satisfactionlevels drop.7.Some people suffer from midlife depression more than others.8.But it happens to men and women, to single and married people,9.to the rich and poor and to those with and without children.10.Generally speaking, people reach their lowest levels between the agesof about forty and fifty-five.11.But then, as they continue into old age,12.their happiness starts to climb back up.13.Why does all this happen?14.One possibility[,pɒsɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]is that people recognize theirlimitations in middle age15.and give up some of their long-held( 长期保留的) dreams.crisis ['kraɪsɪs] 危机universal [juːnɪ'vɜːs(ə)l] adj. 普遍的；通用的depression [dɪ'preʃ(ə)n] n. 沮丧专四听写评分标准1.听写共分15小节，每节1分，扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。
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Dictation (Unit One)With hope of finding more survivors/of Turkey’s devastating earthquake/now all but gone, / the Turkish authorities are turning their attention / to caring for those who have survived.A full-scale relief effort / in the area hit by the earthquake /is finally beginning after days of confusion. / Turkish and foreign volunteers / have been joined by soldiers and the police, / and heavy equipment /sent by nearby cities and by private companies / has been moved to almost every victimized town.The Minister of Housing estimated that / 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed/ or seriously damaged in the quake. / It is hoped that /within a few days, / many of the homeless / will be moved /out of the fields and tents /where they are now living. / Forty-two countries and 38 international organizations / have sent aid to Turkey. / The World Bank had sent $200 million/for housing construction.Dictation (Unit Two)I think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities. / It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and the wisdom born of experience /can be used /without becoming a burden. / It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education. / But if you are one of those /who are incapable of /impersonal interests, / you may find that /your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren. / In that case/ you must realize /that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect /that they will enjoy your company.Dictation (Unit Three)Love means that I know the person I love. / I’m aware of the many sides of the other person / —not just the beautiful side / but also the limitations. / I have an awareness / of the other’s feelings and thoughts. / I can see the other person on a deeper level.Love means that I care about the welfare / of the person I love. / If I care about yr, / I am concerned about your growth, / and I hope you will become / all that you can become.Love means trusting the person I love. / If I love you, /I trust that you will accept my caring and my love / and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. / I trust/ that you will find me lovable / and that you won’t abandon me. / If we trust each other, / we are willing to be open to each other / and reveal our true selves.Dictation (Unit Four)The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, /English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, /especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations /and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the west.Dictation (Unit Five)With the invention of the radio, /newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed /would displace the newspaper industry altogether.Others hoped /that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listener s’ interest in the story/ so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. /However, this is not always the case. /Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, /the motion picture suffered greatly. /Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.Dictation (Unit Six)My Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!”The Foreign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport and official permission / to leave on December 5.There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged.The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / Ｉagain thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. /Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution became clear. It was risky, / but it was worth a try.Dictation (Unit Seven)Professors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, /but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. / A professor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or her differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers./ Students must realize / that when a teacher’s role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.Dictation (Unit Eight)It could be the title of a 21st-century movie: /“Death by Global Warming.” Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes /global warming may account for /millions of human deaths from disease. /Right now / the evidence of / significant global climate change /is minimal, / but there are already noticeable increases/ in human disease worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease /is due to numerous environmental factors, /including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortage of food. /Global warming will only / make matters worse.Global climate change /will result in a loss of available food. /Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, /these beneficial effects / will not be so great./ Crop losses from plant disease and weeds / will increase in a warmer climate.Dictation (Unit Nine)Wealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money/ is productive work and a real contribution /towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable.Dictation (Unit Ten)As the eldest son of my parents / who were themselves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family.It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to rise every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be released / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon.But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me /that this would not, could not, should not last / —I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy.Dictation (Unit Eleven)Take the control away from your offender. / Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person / who caused you pain. / Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, /learn to look for the love, / beauty and kindness around you.Try to see things /from the other person’s perspective. / If you empathize with that person, / you may realize /that he or she was acting / out of ignorance, fear —even love. / To gain perspective, / you may want to write a letter to yourself / from your offender’s point of view.Recognize benefits of forgiveness. / Research has shown /that people who forgive / report more energy, /better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don’t forget to forgive yourself. / For some people, /forgiving themselves / is the biggest challenge. / But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do so.Dictation (Unit Twelve)Moral Intelligence is the theory / put forth by Dr. Coles, / that children learn some of the most important lessons / by observing the behavior of those around them / in authority positions / (mainly parents and teachers). / His background in child psychology / is deep and he makes / full use of ideas /from other experts/ in the field. / His theory goes beyond the teaching of moral lessons / such as “you shouldn’t steal, or lie”/ and reaches a deeper level of analysis. / He theorizes/ that children pick up / and retain information about moral behavior /from witnessing the action of others. / He feels that this manner of learning / has a more lasting impact on children. / Moral intelligence is created by children, /but can be modeled by proper guidance.Dictation (Unit Thirteen)Karl Marx was the most important of all socialist thinkers / and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, / and the political system called communism. /Marx developed his revolutionary theories /over a period of four decades beginning in 1843. / He formulated his theories / with the intention to liberate wage workers or laborers /from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. / He maintained that in order to emancipate humanity / from economic domination, / a social revolution was needed. / He helped to organize the international socialist movement. / His ideas motivated radical activists / who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. / Marxism, reduced to the theory / that all events are caused by economic self-interest, / had a strong influence on many areas of though / from politics to history to literature.Dictation (Unit Fourteen)Good luck to the Bridge and Groom. / Many ancient practices /that were supposed to prevent bad luck / and bring blessings to the bridal pair/ have come down through the years. / In many Western countries / people shower the bridal pair with confetti / to express the hope that the couple will be blessed with children. / Tin cans or old shoes are sometimes tied to the automobile / that carries the bride and groom away. / This practice may have come out of the ancient belief / that loud noises frighten bad spirits away. / To assure good luck, / brides often heed the old saying and wear for the wedding / “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.” / The bride’s good fortune in getting a husband/ may be handed on to the unmarried girl / who catches the bride’s bouquet after the marriage. / According to an old belief / the groom carried his bride over the threshold of their new home / to protect her form being caught /by any mischievous sprits hiding nearby.。