【精品】初一英语语法(苏教版)

的区别

和“for”

现在完成时中“since”

1）since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six）。

I have been here since 1989.

2）since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

3）since +从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4）It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

（我现在已不在这里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.

（现在我仍在这里工作。）

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能

排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

1）（对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago，and is still studying it now.

2）（错）Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago，and is still getting married now.

显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.

声音：sound，noise 与voice的区别

sound表示听起来像……和like连用，如：

It`s sounds like a bird.听起来像鸟在叫。

voice表示嗓音，说他的嗓音很动听，用his voice was good.

noise是杂音，响动的意思。如：我听到有动静。I heard a noise .

这是一组与“声音”有关的名词，在使用上有区别。

sound泛指自然界各种各样的声音，不论其高低、是否悦耳等。

如：I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声。

Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。

noise表示“噪音、喧闹”，指的是人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声。它可以作可数名词，

也可以用作不可数名词。如：

I heard some strange noises last night. 昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。

There's a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。

voice用于人时，指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音，也可指发言权。用于其它方面时，常含

悦耳之声，如鸟鸣声，乐器声音等。如：

Please speak in a louder voice. 请大声说。

说：tell，speak，say，talk的区别

tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。

speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。speak of 意为“提到、说起”。speak to sb about sth

talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用talk to；如果双方或多

。have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。

方交谈，多用with。talk about 意为“谈论......”

say 意为“说”。say sth to sb 意为“对......说”。It is said that... 意为“据说”。首先是say:之后要有说的内容，如He said nothing.

▲ say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代词或宾语从句。

eg: He can say his name. 他会说他的名字。

Please say it in English. 请用英语用。

She`s saying ，Don`t draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”。

▲　speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。

作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有：

speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某

人讲话，此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。

Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗？

She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。

He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。

▲ talk 一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈，谈话，着重强调两具之间的相互说话。

eg: She is talking with Lucy in English.

她正在和露茜用英语交谈。

What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？

The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在和他谈话。

▲ tell常作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉，动词常跟双宾语。

tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事。

eg: He is telling the children a story.

他正在给孩子们讲一个故事。

Did you tell her the news?＝Did you tell the news to her?

你把这个消息告诉她了吗？

used to 与be used to

（1）used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.

Scarf used to take a walk. （过去常常散步）