新人教版学高中Sailingtheoceans单元复习课讲义选修英语
最新人教版高三英语选修9-Unit-2---Sailing-the-oceans全单元教案
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPeriod one : Warming up and Pre-readingAim :To train the student’s ability of listening and speaking .Contents :I Warming up and Pre-reading1> Introduce the history of sailing the oceans , and ask who are famous in sailingthe oceans in history .2> Let students lock at the pictures and answer the questions(1) What is a navigator ?(2) Look at these famous people .Are they navigators or explorers ?What do you know about them ?(3) Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used andexplain how they are used ? (Picture 2)a _________b _________c __________d __________(4) Which do you think was easier to work out :latitude or longitude ?(5) Which ones do you think are still used today ?(6) what is the difference between a navigator and an explorer ?(7) how do you think seaman found their way before modern accurate methods ofnavigation were invented?Now read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used. II listening and speakingstrategies .1._________________________________________________________2._________________________________________________________Period two: readingAim :Let students master some language points and understand the text .Contents : Reading : sailing the oceans1> Answer some questions about the text1. How many ways the passage tells us to keep alongside thecoastline .2. When can the sailors use the sun to navigate by ?3. What was the first instrument to measure the sun’s position .4. What proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these earth navigational instruments ?5. When did seamen begin to use the compass ?2> Language points :1. voyage : n. long journey , by sea or in space2. mercy : n. kindness ; forgivenessphr : at the mercy of : under the control of 任由… …的摆布without mercy 毫不留情地The beat was at the mercy of the rapid river .For mercy ‘s sake 请发慈悲For Cod’s sake3. nowhere adv .not anywhere 无处eg : I went nowhere 不知来自哪里，以不知名状态go nowhere vi 无所成，进行得不顺利get sb nowhere 某某事对某人无帮助、元效4. reference n. act of mentioning ; act of looking at forinformation .phr : (1) have reference to 和… …有关系(2) in reference to 关于(3) make (a) reference to 说到谈到(4) reference book 参考书刊号(5) reference material 参考资料(6) with reference to 关于就… …而论 whit reference to the contextvi refer: refer to (a) 指的是（b）参考 (c) 提到谈到refer to A as B 将A称为Beg : Are you referring to me ?In his s peech, he didn’t refer to the problem at all .He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook .California is referred to as the “G olden State .”5. survival: n. state of continuing to live 生存、幸存survive: vt.sb survive 某人幸存下sth survive 某物保留下来vi. survive sb by 活得比某人长… …survive sth 从… … 中幸存、幸存于…eg : Only one baby survived the terrible car crash .The girl survived her parents .Survivor n. the person or thing of surviving .6. dusk n. time before nightat dusk 在黄昏时刻Period three : comprehending and languageI ComprehendingRead the passage and answer the following questions .1 . What is the use of a bearing circle . astrolabe , quadrant or sextant ?( )What is the use of a compass ? ( )A to set the course of the shipB to measure the position of the shipC to measure the speed of the shipD to tell the time2. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship ?3. Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working outlatitude ?4. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa Discuss in groups.(1) what skills would you seek in your sailors ?(2) what problems would you anticipate for this journey ?II Learning about languageDo exercises 1 . 2 and 3Exerise1 Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning form the reading passage .1. Seeing the dark clouds above him , George hurried for home .2. Sailing a boat alone far away form the shore made Flora’s parentsworry about her safety .3. Clare , would you please put your bicycle next to the others in theshed ?4. “Why don’t you plot a more simple rout with the smallest numberof sp ots?” asked Mary .5. Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would bedangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments . Exercise2 Find the words form the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words .Nowhere anywhere download upload outward inwardReliable unreliable seaweed land flower shortcoming strong point Exercise3:Complete the following paragraph with the words below .precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweedaccelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars a ________.One day he was determined to set out on a ________across an unknown sea to an unknown continent . He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the _________ Of the sea . He found on his _______journey a rocky island . It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked , an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/an ______ parcel . It ______its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the _______place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the ________ direction of the nest . There seemed to be ______to hide but then he noticed lots of ______ on his left and quickly hid under it . The bird landed nearby and pecked ______ at the rocks . Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff . He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying ______the shore! “How lucky I am!”Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.Period four : Reading speaking and writingAim :to train th e student’s ability of listening and speaking and writing Contents : some language points1〉starvation : n. suffering or death from lack of food die of starvation starve : vt/vi （使某人）饿死、挨饿starve sb to deathphr: starve for sth to do sthbe starved of vt 缺乏……欠缺……2> gradually : adj not suddenlygradual : adj happening slowlyeg : a gradual increase in populationHer health is gradually improving3> tear : vt/vi 撕裂扯破tear sthsth from /off /out of……adv (away off out up down 连用)phr tear apart 拆散、使分离tear at 用力扯tear down 扯下、撕毁tear into 攻击某人、指责tear off 扯掉、撕掉tear oneself away from 忍痛离开、分离tear up 撕裂、撕毁（合同）4> extreme : adj 1在尽头的eg : the extreme borders of a countryStand at the extreme edge of the bank2.极度的、最大的、极端的an extreme casebe in extreme danger3.极严厉的、猛烈的take extreme measuresn. 极端、极端的、措施、手段等be forced to an unpleasant extreme .5> thirst :n. 口渴、渴望a thirst for knowledgevi 口渴、渴望thirst for 渴望某物to 渴求做……eg : thirst to learnThe story is so gipping ; it makes you thirst for the next episode .II Let students write a report to their leader explaining to him why you think captain Bligh shoulder receive the medal。
高中英语 Unit2《Sailing the oceans》Textbook课件 新人教版选修9
3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.
2 What problems would you anticipate for this journey?
I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around the Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water (unless helped by local natives the water may be contaminated and the food scarce), etc.
Explorer
land use of compass and
landmarks find new places within an
already identified island or continent
Explorer is someone who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
3 Sailors used _se_a__c_u_rr_e_n_ts__o_r_ti_d_e_s_a_n_d__w_i_n_ds to increase their speed.
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Listening课件 新人教选修9
WM: The Vikings? Didn't they sail around and attack people and towns from their ships?
DS: Sometimes. But we're not interested in that, only in their superior sailing ability.
➢Keep south of Iceland so that you cannot see land but just coastal birds.
➢Follow this route and you should reach Greenland.
Use the information from the listening to explain these sailing strategies.
WM: Really? How cleaver! Did everybody use simple maps?
DS: No. I'm afraid not. It was difficult to have a map for sailing across open sea then. We know the Vikings from Norway had no written maps when they sailed across the North Sea.
1. Vikings used to prefer to sail following the coastline so they could check that they were on the correct route.
2. Vikings used birds, and natural features like mountains, to direct their ships.
高中英语(人教版)选修九Unit2Sailingtheoceans同步课件教案课件教案和测试(参考)
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart 1 Teaching Design第一局部教学设计Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading(SAILING THE OCEANS)IntroductionIn this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to learn about navigational instruments.Then they will be helped to read an exposition about sailing the oceans.Three “WarmingUp" designs are presented in this book for teachers reference. Computer and overhead projector may be used to a id the teaching and learning.Objectives■To help students learn to express causes and effects■To help students learn to read an exposition about sailing the oceans■To help students better understand a sailing〞■To help students learn to use some important words and expressions■To help students identify examples of the future passive voice in the textFocusAidsMultimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagramsProcedures1.Warming up(1)Warming up by leaning about navigatorA navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided.(2)Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven VoyagesIn July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits...(3)Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo.Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Ro ad. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to Chin a. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.2.Pre-reading by learning about navigational instruments◊ artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope;provides an artificial horizon for the pilot◊ compass - navigational instrument for finding directions◊ depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)◊inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon◊instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use◊asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee3.Reading for formsRead the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.4.Copying useful expressions and making sentencesYou are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.5. Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below.7. Making a diagram of SAILING THE OCEAN8. Closing down by answering comprehension questions1. What is the main topic of this passage?A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th centuryB. How to plot a ship ' s position on a mapC. How did ancient men navigate so wellD. Use nature to aid navigation2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them.A. find celestial bodiesB. predict the weatherC. explore the seaD. find latitude…,rather •・ as one of the points of3.The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were.A. hard-workingB. braveC. intelligentD. energetic4.According to the passage,.A.the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions .B.Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen .C.Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing .D.The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. (Keys: BDCB )。
新人教版学高中SailingtheoceansSectionⅣUsingLanguage讲义选修英语
Ⅰ.阅读P１7—１8课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案１．Why didn't Captain Bligh finish the voyage with them？Ａ．Because he wasn't skillful enough.Ｂ．Because he was deposited into a small boat.Ｃ．Because he was seriously ill.２．They can't get a correct reading from the quadrant as .Ａ．the quadrant was brokenＢ．the boat moved so quicklyＣ．the boat moved constantly３．What was the hardest to cope with for them？Ａ．The bad weather.Ｂ．The lack of experience.Ｃ．The lack of water.【答案】１．B ２．C ３．CⅡ.阅读P１7—１8课文内容，判断正误（T/F）１．I was forced to join Captain Bligh in the small boat. （）２．After the crew took over the ship “Bounty”，Captain Bligh was allowed to take with him a chart，a compass and a quadrant. （）３．It was very difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly during the course. （）４．Captain Bligh used a system called “dead reckoning” and he knew there was land directly southwest of their original position. （）【答案】１．F ２．F ３．T ４．Ftake over 接收；接管（教材P１7）On our departure from Tahiti，some of the crew took over the ship.我们离开塔希提以后，有部分船员接管了这艘船。
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans单元学案 新人教版选修9
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(SAILING THE OCEANS)AimsTo help students read about sailing the oceansTo help students learn about the predicateProcedures■Warming up by leaning about na vigatorWhat is a navigator?A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided.What is exploration?Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.Exploration has existed as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world.In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon.■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven VoyagesIn July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean tothe Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations.He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits...■Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo.Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and hisinfluence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.I. Pre-readingWhat are navigational instruments?●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations.●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating◇artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - anavigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides anartificial horizon for the pilot◇compass - navigational instrument for finding directions◇depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth ofa body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)◇inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon ◇instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use◇asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging;asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committeeII. Reading for formsRead the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ thesentence into thought groups, blacken thepredicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.SAILING THE OCEANSWe may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ship's position/ on a map．The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids．So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia．Page l：page 2:III. Copying useful expressions and making sentencesYou are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.IV. Transforming informationNext you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below.V. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceansSailing the oceansFor thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach theirdestinations even after crossing huge expanses of open ocean.In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia. Before modern navigational techniques were developed, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations relative to winds and currents. Today, racing sailboats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around the world.Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing.In this investigation, you'll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. You'll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then you'll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed.。
人教版高中英语选修9Unit2《Sailingtheoceans》word单元教案
⼈教版⾼中英语选修9Unit2《Sailingtheoceans》word单元教案Unit Two Sailing the oceans课程标准中的内容标准：本单元的话题是围绕“航海、发现探索未知的⼤陆”的主题。
内容涉及航⾏、⼈类早期的航海技术、中国历史上最著名的航海家郑和、⾟巴达的第⼀次冒险航⾏等。
教学细⽬：1、（情感⽬标）通过阅读，了解⼈类早期的航海术、历史上著名的航海家、探险家及著名的航海事迹。
2、（交际）通过听说学习表⽰“原因与结果”的⽤语。
3、（词汇）通过阅读、师⽣互动掌握本单元的教学⽬的和要求中的词汇。
4、（写作）通过阅读和书⾯训练，学习并掌握正式信件的写法和⽤语。
5、（语法）通过书⾯训练，深⼊理解和进⼀步复习谓语的⽤法。
Part One 单元重点知识点I. 重点单词和词组P. 1Words: navigate, navigator, navigation, navigational; explore, explorer, explorationPhrases: the difference between… and …P.2Words: voyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updatedtendency reliablePhrases: at the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to, …P.3Words: incident departure crew deposit dilemma drawback dusk routine pretty starvation extreme psychologically tension gradually foresee thirsthardshipPhrases: in addition cope with set loose the jaws of deathII. 重点句型见表1.1.7III. 重点语法复习谓语：谓语⽤来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。
人教版高中英语选修9《Unit2Sailingtheoceans》教案
人教版高中英语选修9《Unit2Sailingtheoceans》教案人教版高中英语选修9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》教案教学准备教学目标1、知识目标(1).理解并记住Reading部分本单元的单词和短语。
(2).理解并掌握整个故事的情节,并能填写summary.2、能力目标(1)充分发挥学生的主体地位，调动学生思维的积极性，提高综合语言的运用能力(2)通过对学生说读写的训练，增大学生的语言输入，增强其语言输出能力。
3、情感、态度、价值观目标学生分析布莱船长在40多天的航程中所采用的航海技术以及所表现出的领导才能。
同时，又适时地对他们进行情感教育：在任何困难面前绝不畏惧，不抛弃，不放弃。
教学重难点教学重点与难点：读写说均为本节课的重点，写和说部分应为难点，需加大指导和练习。
教学过程Teaching procedures:Lead-in：通过歌曲Sailing导入，让学生在轻松愉悦的音乐下近入新课的学习之中。
促使学生积极主动地进入学习状态。
ComprehensionStep I Please Skim the passage and get the main idea.Step II. Scan the passage: True or False.1. I was forced to join Captain Bligh in the small boat.2. After the crew took over the ship “Bounty”, Captain Bligh was allowed to take with him a chart , a compass and a quadrant.3. It was very difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly during the course.4. Captain Bligh used a system called “dead reckoning” and he knew there was land directly southwest of their original position.5. Captain Bligh was as weak as the rest of us but he was determined not to give up.6. Captain Bligh kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and thirst all the way.7. We finally escaped the jaws of death and arrived in Timor over fifty days after being set loose in our small boat.Step III. Group work: further reading.When captain Blight returned home he was honored as a hero. Discuss in groups whether he should receive a special medal or not.Step IV. Affective educationAfter learning the text, as senior three students, what can we learn from Captain Blight in our life?Step V. Summary：I am _____ to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his journey of over40 days through about4,000 miles in an open boat ______the Pacific Ocean in 1789.In the beginning, on our ________(depart), some of the crew took _____theship and the captain ___________(deposit) into a small boat. Thus we werecaught _____a dilemma. We decided to stick with him _______thick and thin though we seemed to face _____uncertaindeath.During the long and toughjourney, we encountered manyunexpected hardships. Despite _____(lack) of foodand water, he kept us _______(occupy) and cheerful to take our minds ____troubles. All the way he taught us how to cope _______various situations. Finallythey arrived at Timor __________(success) andthey were honored as _______(hero).The story shows that one man’sspirit and his determination should not ________ (defeat) by circumstances.Complexsentences(分析并翻译1-2个长难句)Challengeyourself!---Grammar Filling1. I’m proud to have sailed withCaptain Blight ____his journey of over 40 days _________about 4,000miles ____anopen small boat _______ the Pacific Ocean.2. On our _________(depart) from T ahiti, some crew took _____the ship. And those of us onboard ____________(catch) in a dilemma.3. As you can see from the map we kept_____a straight course pretty well.4. The captain kept us busy________ (read) the tables to work out our position .5. It was the extreme lack of waterthat was hard to cope with ______________ (psychology)6.He kept us busy and tried to take our minds课后习题Challenge yourself!---Grammar Filling1. I’m proud to have sailed with Captain Blight ____his journey of over 40 days _________about 4,000miles ____an open small boat _______ the Pacific Ocean.2. On our _________(depart) from T ahiti, some crew took _____the ship. And those of us on board ____________(catch) in a dilemma.3. As you can see from the map we kept _____a straight course pretty well.4. The captain kept us busy________ (read) the tables to work out our position .5. It was the extreme lack of water that was hard to cope with ______________ (psychology)6.He kept us busy and tried to take our minds _____our __________(stomach).。
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans单元学案 新人教版选修9
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(SAILING THE OCEANS)AimsTo help students read about sail ing the oceansTo help students learn about the predicateProcedures■Warming up by leaning about n avigatorWhat is a navigator?A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided.What is exploration?Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.Exploration has existed as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world.In scientific research, e xploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon.■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven VoyagesIn July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean tothe Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations.He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits...■Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo.Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and hisinfluence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.I. Pre-readingWhat are navigational instruments?●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations.●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating◇artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - anavigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides anartificial horizon for the pilot◇compass - navigational instrument for finding directions◇depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth ofa body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)◇inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon ◇instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use◇asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging;asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection in vestigation committeeII. Reading for formsRead the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken thepredicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.SAILING THE OCEANSWe may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ship's position/ on a map．The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids．So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia．Page l：Using nature to helpKeeping alongside the coastlineThis seems to have been the first /and most useful form of exploration /which carriedthe minimum amount of risk．Using celestial bodiesNorth StarAt the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest position /in the sky, but atthe equator /it is along the horizon．So /accomplished navigators were able to useit /to plot their positions．SunOn a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead/at midday to navigate by．They can use the height of the sun /to work out theirlatitude．CloudsSea captains observed the clouds /over islands. There is a special cloud formation /which indicates /there is land/ close by.Using wildlifeSeaweedSailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been there．If it was flesh /and smelled strongly，then /the ship was close to land．BirdsSea birds could be used to show the way/ to land /when it was nowhere to be seen．In the evening /nesting birds return to land /and their nests．So /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if they were offshore/ and in the open sea．Using the weatherFogFog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or rivers．Seamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land．WindsWise seamen used the winds/ to direct their sailing．They could accelerate the speed，but they could also be dangerous．So /the Vikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys．Using the seaCertain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination.These skills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands．They increased their ability/ to navigate new seas/ when they used instruments．page 2:Using navigational instruments to helpFinding longitudeThere was no secure method of measuring longitude /until the 17th century/ when the British solved this theoretical problem．Nobody knew that /the earth moved westwards/ 15 degrees/ every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude /using speed /and time．An early me thod of measuring speed/ involved throwing a knotted rope/ tied to a log /over the side of the ship．The rope was tied to a log /which was then/ thrown into the sea．As the ship advanced through the water /the knots were counted/ as they passed through a seaman’s hands．The number of knots/ that were counted /during a fixed period of time/ gave the speed of the ship/ in nautical miles /per hour．Later, when seamen began to use the compass /in the 12th century /they could calculate longitude /using complicated mathematical tables．The compass has a spe cial magnetic pointer /which always indicates the North Pole，so/ it is used to help find the direction /that the ship needs to go．In this way /the ship could set a straight course /even in the middle of the ocean．Finding latitudeThe Bearing CircleIt was the first instrument /to measure the sun's position．A seaman would measurethe sun’s shad ow/ and compare it /with the height of the sun/ at midday．Then/ hecould tell if he was sailing on his correct/ rather than a random course.The AstrolabeThe astrolabe, quadrant/ and sextant are all connected. They are developments /ofone another．The earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool /for tellingthe position of the ship/ in relation to the sun/ and various stars /which coveredthe wh ole sky．This gave the seamen /the local time /and allowed them /to find theirlatitude/ at sea．However, it was awkward/ to use /as one of the points of reference/was the moving ship itself．The QuadrantThis was a more precise/ and simplified version of the astrolabe．It measured howhigh stars were above the horiz on /using a quarter circle/ rather than the fullcircle of the astrolabe．It was easier to handle /because it was moreportable．Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship /as one of the fixedpoints of reference．As the ship rose /and plunged /in the waves，it was extremelydifficult /to be accurate /with any reading．The sextantThe sextant was the updated version /of the astrolabe /and quadrant/ which reducedthe tendency/ to make mistakes．It proved to be the most accurate /and reliable ofthese early navigational instruments．It works by measuring the angle /between twofixed objects /outside the ship/ using two mirrors．This made the calculations moreprecise /and easier to do．III. Copying useful expressions and making sentencesYou are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ship's position on a map, the voyagesof travelers, before the 17th century, at the mercy of…, have modern navigationalaids, read these pages from an encyclopediause nature to help, keep alongside the coastline, seem to have been…, the firstand most useful form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of riskuse celestial bodies, North Star, at the North Pole, at its highest position in thesky, at the equator, along the horizon, accomplished navigators, be able to use…toplot their positions, on a clear day, during the summer, use the sun overhead atmidday to navigate by, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observethe clouds over islands, a special cloud formation, land close byuse wildlife, see seaweed in the sea, tell…by the colour and smell, flesh and smelledstrongly，close to land, use sea birds to show the way to land, in the evening, nestingbirds, return to land and their nests, follow the birds to land, in the open seause weather, gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the positionof a stream or river, close to land, use the winds to direct one’s sailing,accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during one’s outward or returnjourneys．use the s ea, carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands,increase their ability to navigate new seas, use instrumentsuse navigational instruments to help…, find longitude, secure method of measuringlongitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, 15 degrees every hour,method of calculating longitude, use speed and time, method of measuring speed, tieto…, over the side of the ship, throw…into…, advance through the water, passthrough…, during a fixed period of time,give the speed of…, in nautical milesper hour, use the compass, use complicated mathematical tables, have a specialmagnetic pointer, indicate the North Pole, find the direction, in this way, set astraight course, in the middle of the ocean．find latit ude, the Bearing Circle, measure the sun's position, measure the sun’sshadow, compare…with…, the height of the sun at midday, sail on…, rather thana random coursea special all-in-one to ol for telling the position of the ship, in relation to…,give sb t he local time, find one’s latitude at sea, use as one of the points ofreference, a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe, above the horizon,use a quarter circle, use the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference,plunge in the waves，the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant, reduce thetendency, make mistakes, the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments, work by measuring the angleIV. Transforming informa tionNext you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below.SAILING THE OCEANS■Using nature to help keeping alongside■Using navigational instruments to helpthe coastline●Using celestial bodies: North Star;●finding longitudeSun; Clouds●Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds ●Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle;The Astrolabe; The Quadrant; The sextant●Using the weather: Fog; Winds●Using the seaV. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceansSailing the oceansFor thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach theirdestinations even after crossing huge expanses of open ocean.In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia. Before modern navigational techniques were developed, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations relative to winds andcurrents.Today, racing sailboats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around the world. Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing.In this investigation, you'll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. You'll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then you'll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed.Additional MaterialsComplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.While sailing the _____1___we may make use of both the nature ___2___ thenavigational instruments to help.By making use of the ____3___ to help, it is meant that we could either ____4____alongside the coastline, __5___use celestial bodies like the north star, the sunand the clouds, __6___ use wildlife such as seaweed, birds, ___7__ use the weathersuch as fog and winds, __8___ use the sea.By using ___9__ instruments to help it is meant __10___ we could manage to sail eitherby finding longitude __11___by finding latitude by means of the Bearing Circle, theAstrolabe, the Quadrant __12___ the Sextant.(Key: 1.oceans 2.and 3.nature 4.keep 5.or 6.or 7.or 8.or 9.navigational 10.that11.or 12.and )Comprehension questions1. What is the main topic of this passage?A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th centuryB. How to plot a ship’s position on a mapC. How did ancient men navigate so wellD. Use nature to aid navigation2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help themA. find celestial bodies.B. predict the weather.C. explore the sea.D. find latitude3. The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators wereA. hard-working.B. brave.C. intelligent.D. energetic4. According to the passage,A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot theirpositions．B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．C. Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing．D. The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments．(Key: BDCB )Notes to the special sentences1.So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions．熟练的领航员就能够用它来确定自己的位置。
高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅠReading讲义新人教版选修91
高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅠReading讲义新人教版选修9101236Unit 2 Sailing the oceans当今航海技术达到前所未有的水平，那么你知道古代一些有关航海方面的仪器吗？It was invented by Zhang Heng in the Han Dynasty.It is madeup of a bronze foundation (青铜底盘) and magnetic spoon(磁勺)which is made of natural magnet，positioned right in the centerof the foundation.The handle of the spoon points to the south，while the other side points to the north.When the Sinan is in the still，the handle of the spoon points to the south because of the influence of the terrestrial magnetism (地磁)．AstrolabeIt has 17 stars listed as well as a map of the sky overhead(for 37 degrees) and the ecliptic (黄道)．The time of day or nightis on the outside edge with noon at the top of the Astrolabe andmidnight at the bottom.It comes with a carrying chain，a pouch，and a book on its use.The reverse side has a sight for measuringthe elevations of the heavenly bodies.SextantThe sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring theangle between the horizon and some object in the sky.First a sailorlooks at the horizon through an eyepiece.At the see light fromthe sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of theinstrument，onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece.The navigator can then see two images，the horizon and the sun side by side.He can then measure the angle between them on a scale at the bottom of the instrument.The scale goes from 0 to 120 degrees.An earlier instrument，called a quadrant，measured in angle in the same way but it could only measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees.Nautical chartNautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and thecurrents of the oceans.They provide modern sailors with routesthrough the seas，rather like roads through the countryside.Theinformation began to be collected in the nineteenth century andhas continued to be updated ever since.These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.两个诱思问题1．What is the theory of the Sinan invented by Zhang Heng?2．Why were the Nautical charts not able to be used by Captain Bligh or Zheng He?【答案】1．The influence of the terrestrial magnetism.2．Because the information began to be collected in the nineteenth century.Section ⅠReading (Warming Up, Prereading，Reading & Comprehending)Ⅰ.根据词性及英文释义写出单词的正确形式1．n．kindness；forgiveness2．n．activity of exploring3．adj.above one's head4．adj.at sea not far from land5．adj.made or done without any plan6．adj.difficult to use7．n．act of mentioning；act of looking at for information8．adj.light and that can be(easily) carried or moved【答案】 1.mercy 2.exploration 3.overhead4.offshore5.random6.awkward7.reference8.portableⅡ.短语填空may well；at the mercy of；work out；be close to；the number of；compare with；in relation to；rather than1．I prefer to walk there take a bus.2．The boat was the rapid river.3．This novel become a classic.4． those who are suffering，we are better off.5．I believe that you can this problem by yourself.【答案】 1.rather than 2.at the mercy of3.may wellpared with5.work outⅠ.阅读P12－13课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案1．How many traditional methods used by seamen are mentioned in the passage?A．Four. B．Five. C．Eight.2．The passage doesn't tell us whether skilledseamen used to use the to judge his position at sea.A．North Star B．sun C．moon3．By studying the winds，seamen could ．A．judge the direction of the shipB．know how far away they were from their homeC．tell the distance they had discovered4．From the passage we can learn that ．A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seasB．there is useful information in an encyclopediaC．early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments5．The purpose of the passage is to tell us ．A．keeping a longitude of the coastline is the first and most useful form of explorationB．about the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceansC．the finding of latitude and longitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a map【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.BⅡ.阅读P12－13课文内容，完成下列表格6.identify7.direct8．calculating 9.the sun's position 10.starsⅢ.阅读P12－13课文内容，完成下面课文缩写This reading explains how seamen 1. (explore)the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors 2.the seventeenth century 3. they were navigating the open seas without seeing land.The 4. (voyage) of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not 5. the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern 6. (navigation) aids.The seamen could use celestial bodies, wildlife, the weather or the sea to keep 7. the coastline.They could also use 8.compass to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.They could use the 9. (bear) circle to measure the sun's position and tell if they were sailing on their correct rather than a random course. While the astrolabe，the quadrant and the sextant could help give the seamen the local time and allowed them 10. (find)their latitude at sea.【答案】 1.explored 2.before 3.when 4.voyages 5.at 6.navigational 7.alongside 8.the9．bearing 10.to find。
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根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
１．n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
２．prep.靠着；沿着
３．n．地平线；视野
４．adj.在头顶上的
５．adv.无处
6．adj.安全的；可靠的
7．adj.任意的；随便的
8．adj.难使用的；笨拙的
9．adj.精确的；准确的
１0．adj.轻便的；手提的；便携的
１１．n．趋向；倾向
１２．adj.可靠的；可信赖的
１３．vi.突降；猛扑
１４．n．远征；探险
１５．n．改革；革新
１6．n．出发；离开
１7．vt.放；（把钱）存入银行
１8．n．进退两难的局面
１9．vt.计算；估计
２0．n．背景；后台
２１．n．探险；探测→vt.探险；探测→n．探险者
２２．n．参考；查阅→vt.参考
２３．adj.简单的→vt.单一化；简单化
２４．vi.幸存，幸免→n．生存；幸存→n．幸存者；生还
者
２５．vi.挨饿→n．挨饿；饿死
【答案】１．mercy ２．alongside ３．horizon
４．overhead ５．nowhere 6．secure 7．random
8．awkward 9．precise １0．portable １１．tendency １２．reliable １３．swoop １４．expedition １５．reform １6．departure １7．deposit １8．dilemma １9．reckon
２0．background ２１．exploration；explore；explorer
２２．reference；refer ２３．simple；simplify
２４．survive；survival；survivor ２５．starve；starvation
Ⅰ.短语英汉互译
１．任由……摆布
２．而不是
３．动身；开始做
４．决心做……
５．cope with
6．take over
7．in a dilemma
8．may well
【答案】１．at the mercy of ２．rather than ３．set out ４．be determined to ５．应付；处理6．接管；掌管7．处于进退两难的境地8．很可能Ⅱ.用上述短语的适当形式填空
１．I'm afraid I can't this problem.
２．The firm has by an American conglomerate.
３．Now the kids were stuck ．
４．Be patient! It be that the train is delayeＤ．
５．I'm not going to put myself the bank, but I have no other choice.
6．I'm sorry I'll have a cold drink coffee.
7．He to bind the states into an empire
—his empire.
8．I find out the rights and wrongs of this matter.
【答案】１．cope with ２．been taken over ３．in a dilemma ４．may well ５．at the mercy of
6.rather than 7．set out 8．am determined to
Ⅰ.补全下列教材原句
１．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made possible to plot a ship's position on a map.
２．The voyages of travellers before the １7th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea they did not have modern navigational aids.
３．It measured how high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle the full circle of the astrolabe.
４．his boat lying alongside the shore!
５．You imagine a disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat.
【答案】１．it ２．even though ３．rather than
４．Below him was ５．could not；more
Ⅱ.用上述结构完成下列句子
１．我发现跳舞很有趣。
I find to dance.
２．尽管我承认他的长处，但我也看到了他的不足。
his strong points I can see his weaknesses.
３．你在配置中完成这项工作，而不是通过编写代码。
You do this work in configuration，in code.
４．报告厅前面坐着一位演讲者。
a speaker.
５．我从来没有读过这么有趣的小说。
I have never read ．
【答案】１．it interesting ２．Even though I admit ３．rather than ４．In the front of the lecture hall sat
５．a more interesting novel。