篇章翻译汉译英

段落的连贯性
• 汉语：“意合” ，省略连接词，不同意思通过不 同的短句表达出来 • 英语：“形合”，借助词形变化表示各种语法关 虚词（如连接词、介词） 系，逻辑性强，外形完整
从句以及独立主格
把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来
把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复
杂句 非谓语动词（表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、 分词、名词、介词等） 把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次，编排成英语 的习惯表达
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• What’s the teacher's image? On Teacher's Day, Sept.10, a group of teenage reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby. Eighty six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a 14 higher level of education in China.
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• In 1953, when they learned from diplomatic sources of a third country that the United States and Britain were prepared to attack the Chinese troops in Korea with nuclear weapons, the leaders of new China, deeply concerned, decided that China must have its own atomic bombs and missiles.
语篇意识翻译版 • In the afternoon, after borrowing a book from the library, I went back home for supper. What depressed me was that I didn’t find that it was the wrong book until after supper. That is what I am like: I take a book and run away without even a glance on it. There is nobody else to blame but myself.
• 1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝
部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器
进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外
交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人 深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展
原子953, America and England planned to use atomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China with nuclear weapons. When the news was transferred to Beijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of new China felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomic bomb and missile cause.
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• 曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的 叶子。叶子出水很高，象亭亭的舞女的 裙。
• All over this winding stretch water, what meets the eye is a silken field of leaves, reaching rather high above the surface, like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace.
enthusiasm for the idea. There was hardly a dissenting voice. There was full agreement on the subject in the end.
After a lively debate on the subject, all the workers came to
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句型多样化
• 英语注重句型变化
– 长短句结合
– 简单句和复杂句结合
– 主动、被动句式间杂
– 陈述、强调、倒装交替
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工人们开了一个活跃的讨论会，他们讨论得很热
烈。几乎没有听到不同的意见，最后大家都同意 了这个计划。
There was a lively debate among the workers. There was
agreement without even a dissenting voice at last.
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避免重复主语
如果一段文字中连续使用某一主语
翻译时应尽量减少它的使用频率而
变换另外的说法
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• 下午，我到图书馆，借出一本书。 然后，回家吃饭。吃饭后，我把书 打开，我十分烦恼，原来这本书不 是我要借的书。我就是这号人：拿 出一本书不看就走。我不能怪别人， 只能怪自己。
• 如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的 书，书会使你轻松让你充实。在静静的空间里读 一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。 平日，因工作太忙，或交际太繁，你难得与古今 中外的智者交谈。而今，你却可以凝神倾听他们 的教诲了。在静心的阅读中，你的学识逐渐得到 增长。你也可以依随自己的爱好，去干任何一件 感兴趣的事。静静地听一段音乐，专注地画几笔 画，认真摆一盘残局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念 一番遥远的朋友。这些，无一不是人生的快乐。
Translation at discourse level
•篇章翻译 •Translation at discourse level
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篇章的翻译
• 篇章翻译不同于单句翻译 • 通读并理解全文，并对文章的内容和风格有一个完整的和 全面的认识，保证译文行文连贯
– 句型多样化 – 避免重复主语 – 段落的连贯性 – 翻译中的节奏
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逐字逐句翻译版 • I went to the library in the afternoon. I took out a book. Then I put the book under my arm. I went home to eat supper. I opened the book after supper. Then I discovered that it was not the book I wanted. I was greatly annoyed. I was such a kind of man: I always take a book while I do not look at it. I had nobody to blame but myself.
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• In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural 21 for them to do so before getting into conversation.
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翻译中的节奏
• 我试着往前凑，它跳一跳，可是又停住， 看着我，小黑豆眼带出要亲近我又不完全 信任的神气。
• I was gingerly edging along toward the bird when it fluttered away a little and stopped again, staring back with its small, black, bean-like eyes that had a look of distrust while seeking to be friends with me.
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• 9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什
么样子呢？清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了 76位路人。采访发现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培 养下一代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决定 因素，值得尊敬。