华师翻译试卷2008年10月

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华中师范大学08年考博真题

华中师范大学08年考博真题2008年华中师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题（A卷）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效）Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each withfour suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one you think is the best answer,and then write your answer on the AnswerSheet.Passage OneIn America’s fiercely adversarial legal system, a good lawyer is essential. Ask O.J Simpson. In a landmark case 35 years ago, Gideon v. Wainwright, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that indigent defendants must be provided with a lawyer at state expense because there could be no fair trial in a serious criminal case without one.“This seems to us to be an obvious truth,”wrote Justice Hugo Black in his opinion. At the time, the decision was hailed as a triumph for justice, anexample of America’s commitment to the ideal of equality before the law.This is the image most Americans still have of their criminal-justice system---the fairest in the world, in which any defendant, no matter how, gets a smart lawyer who, too often, manages to get the culprit off on a technicality. Nothing could be further from the truth. About 80% of people accused of a felony have to depend on a publicly-provided lawyer; but over the past two decades the eagerness of politicians to look harsh on crime, theirreluctance to pay for public defenders, and a series of Supreme Court judgments restricting the grounds for appeal have made a mockery of Gideon. Today many indigent defendants, including those facing long terms of imprisonment or even death, are treated to a “meet’em and plead’em”defense --- a brief consultation in which a harried or incompetent lawyer encourages them to plead guilty on if that fail, struggle through a short trial in which the defense is massively outgunned by a more experienced, better-paid and better-prepared prosecutor.“We have a wealth-based system of justice,”says Stephen Bright, the director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. “For the wealthy, it’s gold-plated. For the averagepoor person, it’s like being herded to the slaughter-house. In many places the adversarial system barely exists for the poor.”Many lawyers, of course, have made heroic efforts for particular defendants for little or no pay, but the charity of lawyers can be relied on to handle only a tiny fraction of cases. As spending on police, prosecutorsand prisons has steadily climbed in the past decade, increasing the number of people charged and imprisoned, spending on indigent defense has not kept pace overwhelming an already hard-pressed system.1. It can be inferred from the passage that O.J Simpson was probably______.A. a person who was found not guilty because he hired a very good lawyer.B. a person who won his case because he was provided with a lawyer at state expense.C. a person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the court.D. a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the averagepoor people.2. What is the author’s view of America’s adversariallegal system?A. It is the embodiment of the ideal of equality before the law.B. It is the fairest criminal-justice system in the world.C. As it is, it benefits the rich but works against the poor.D. It is unfair by nature and should be overhauled.3. Which of the following statements is true?A. Lawyers who provide defense for the poor often work heroically for little or no pay at all.B. As crime rate increases, American politicians have become more tolerant towards crime than before.C. In America, if a person refuses to accept the judgment of a lower court, he can always appeal to the Supreme Court.D. Government-provided lawyers tend to go through the formalities of defense and prove to be no match for the prosecutors.4. What is the author’s specific purpose in writing this passage?A. To appeal for more public spending on court defense for the poor.B. To criticize America’s fiercely adversarial legal system.C. To draw attention to the injustice of the American legalsystem.D. To make a suggestion on how to mend the criminal-justice system.Passage TwoThe media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the eventsrelated to t he People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of that was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more o f their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contract you have with others simply byusing telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action”such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed any immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This event was triggered by the verdict in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgment, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able toacquit the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to providepositive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.5. The best title for the passage is_____.A. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots.B. The Impact of Media on Current Events.C. The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots.D. How Media Cover Events.6. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that____.A. electronic media can extend one’s contact with the world.B. those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television.C. all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage.D. video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquakegave the viewers the impression of total disaster.7. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because______.A. the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King.B. people can make their own judgments.C. video coverage from helicopters had made people angry.D. video coverage had provided powerful feedback.8. It can be inferred from the passage that______.A. media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results.B. most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of the jury.C. the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.D. Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday.Passage ThreeNo one knows for sure when or where the first cow went mad, but the first recorded case occurred in December 1984 when a dairy cow on a farm in West Sussex began to act strange. That cow, identified only as No.133in a British。

2008年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2008年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (25%)Directions: Choose the best answer for the following questions and mark A, B, C and D on your Answer Sheet.1. When was _____ you saw her last?A. that itB. that thatC. it thatD. that which【答案】C【解析】句意：你最后一次看到她是什么时候？这是特殊疑问句型的强调句，结构为“特殊疑问词+is/was+that...”，据此选择C项。

2. _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. What is neededB. That neededC. What that neededD. That is needed【答案】A【解析】句意：需要的是生活必需品的持续供应。

这是主语从句，缺少了主语。

主语从句中的主语应当是一个完整的句子，即“主语+谓语”结构，且主语从句的引导词为what。

只有A项符合，当选。

3. _____ lungs are to the body, _____ parks are to the city.A. Like...asB. As...asC. What...thatD. Just as...that【答案】C【解析】句意：肺对于人体而言正如公园对于城市。

what...be to...，that... be to...为固定句型，表示“……之于……正如……之于……”。

据此，答案选C。

4. _____ water resources are plentiful, there water power stations are being built.A. ThereB. WhereC. HereD. That【答案】B【解析】句意：水源充足的地方正是建水电站的地方。

2008年10月全国英语写作基础试题及答案

全国2008年10月自考英语写作基础试题课程代码：00597Ⅰ.重写句子（15 points,1.5 points each）Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence)In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1.Hockey is a sport which is popular in many countries around the world.(simple sentence)2.Not until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest did Johnson know he had won the race.(loose sentence)3.I have checked my documents several times. I still can’t find the problem.(compound sentence)4.The teacher returned the homework. The teacher noticed the error.(complex sentence)5.When we are relieved of working pressures of the office, we can enjoy happiness and relaxation at home.(modifying phrase)6.Alan passed the test. Alan had studied hard. Alan had understood the material.(complex sentence)7.Fossil fuels are non-renewable. We need to find alternative energy sources. (compound sentence)8.We slipped on the road when we could see no lights in the heavy rain that night.(periodic sentence)9.At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art. You can explore African artifacts there. You can discover beautiful textiles from around the world there.(parallel structure)10.We lived in a small town when I was a small child. We moved to Shanghai later. My father1landed a better job there.(compound-complex sentence)Ⅱ.改写病句（15 points, 3 points each）Correct the errors in the following sentences.Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy thatbrand again.11.In summer, Juanna didn’t love trav eling in Rome she felt it was too hot there.12.Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays which were based on historical events.13.While driving on Blueberry Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree fell toward Jack’s car.14.One of Jenny’s greatest joys in life is eating desserts. Such as milkshake, cookies or strawberry cake.15.Peter ordered the meal for his friends ranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.Ⅲ.标出主题句（15 points, 5 points each）16.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the choice in the blank.A. The most critical election happened in 1896.B. The Great Depression produced conditions for 1932 election.C. Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 and became the 16th American president.D. America’s two-party system has experienced three critical elections, each of which affected the party balance in government.Answer: ______________________________________________________17.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.A family group is a good example for illustrating norms, roles, status positions, and social structure. Charlie has certain expectations for Alice that have developed between them over2time. Alice is his wife, and he expects her to have the primary responsibility for childrearing and for dealing with relatives. She is expected to listen to his complaints about his boss, to give him encouragement concerning his professional life, to be nice to his friends, to be patient with his impatience, and to spend the family funds carefully. Alice, on the other hand, expects Charlie, her husband, to share in housework, to prepare the meals, to play with the children, to listen to her complaints about her boss, to encourage her to pursue her professional growth, and to know what to do in a weather emergency or when the plumbing breaks down.18.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the choice in the blank.Topic Sentence: ______________________________________________________Until the early 1960s, most people reported getting more news from newspapers than from any other source By the mid-1960s, television nudged(轻推)out newspapers as the public’s major source of news. By the 1980s, about two-thirds of the public cited television as their news source, compared with less than one-half who named newspapers and less than one-fifth who relied on radio. Not only is television the public’s most important source of news now, but television news is also rated as more trustworthy than newspaper news—by a margin of more than 2 to 1.A. Virtually all citizens rely on the mass media for news.B. Only a very small number of the public relied on the radio for news.C. The public got news mainly from newspapers before the early 1960s.D. Television now has become the most popular and trustworthy source of news.Ⅳ.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each）Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.19.The house they put us in was ugly, with an ugly yard and a few ugly bushes.320.Yet our guardians’ efforts to punish us were not always effective.21.And the clothes we wore were continually pieced; the food we ate was terrible.22.Af ter our parents’ death, our comfortable life came to an end and we were kept well below the poverty line by our guardians.23.No more could they put a halt to it than they could keep us.24.They could keep books out of our hands, restrict our communication with the neighbors’ children by penning us within a wire-net fence.25.The passionate pleasure we got from soap bubbles, rainbows, holy pictures and spider webs was beyond our guardians’ power of prevention.26.However, they could not stop us from using our eyes.Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子（10 points）Read the following paragraph and cross out the irrelevant sentences.When my friend Tom sets to work in the kitchen, disaster often results. I, frankly, am not much of a cook. Once he tried to make toasted cheese sandwiches for us by putting slices of cheese in the toaster along with the bread, he ruined the toaster. On another occasion, he had cut up some fresh beans and put them in a pan to steam. The water in the pan steamed away while Tom was on the telephone, and both the beans and the coating in the pan were ruined. Finally, another time Tom made spaghetti for us, and the noodles stuck so tightly together that we had to cut off slices with a knife and fork. The tomato sauce, on the other hand, turned out well. Because of Tom’s kitchen mishaps(事故), I never eat at his place without money in my pocket in case we have to go out to eat.Ⅵ.写信（40 points）Write a letter according to the following situation: the Wenchuan earthquake has made this winter extremely difficult for the victims. Write to tell your friend Smith that you are raising money to buy 200 pieces of cotton-padded clothing and some other necessities for the4earthquake victims. Ask him to join the charity and show your appreciations for his help. Don’t forget to tell him your phone number 555-5555 for further discussion. Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)Dear SmithIts long time no see. How have you been ? Hope your everything goes well and give my best wishes to your family please , i suppose you hear of the wenchuan earthquake,China,. Its really terrible .since i know many victims of wenchuan earthquake suffered such a huge calamity . i know many of the are homeless now . especially, this winter they lose their homes where they could undergo chill weather are too difficult to go through. I am sure many the victims of they are lack of necessities also . so i decide to raise money to buy 200 pieces of cotton –padded clothing and some other necessities for the wenchuan earthquake victims . if it is possible. please join the charity with me . that will be great , i do appreciate you so much . by the way , there is any further discussion you can contact with me . my phone number is 555-55555.Many thanksBest wishes,Your sincerlyLi ping5全国2008年10月自考英语写作基础试题课程代码：00597Ⅰ.重写句子（15 points,1.5 points each）Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence)In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1.Hockey is a sport which is popular in many countries around the world.(simple sentence)In many counetries around the world, hockey is a sport which is popular.2.Not until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest did Johnson know he had won the race.(loose sentence)Johnson did not know he had won the race until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest.3.I have checked my documents several times. I still can’t find the problem.(compound sentence)I have checked my documents several times, but I still can’t find the problem.4.The teacher returned the homework. The teacher noticed the error.(complex sentence)The teacher returned the homework when (after) she noticed the error.5.When we are relieved of working pressures of the office, we can enjoy happiness and relaxation at home.(modifying phrase)Relieved of working pressures of the office, we can enjoy happiness and relaxation at home.6.Alan passed the test. Alan had studied hard. Alan had understood the material.(complex sentence)Alan passed the test because Alan had studied hard and understood the material.67.Fossil fuels are non-renewable. We need to find alternative energy sources. (compound sentence)Fossil fuels are non-renewable, so we need to find alternative energy sources.8.We slipped on the road when we could see no lights in the heavy rain that night.(periodic sentence)When we could see no lights in the heavy rain that night, we slipped on the road.9.At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art. You can explore African artifacts there. You can discover beautiful textiles from around the world there.(parallel structure)At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art, explore African artifacts, discover beautiful textiles from around the world.10.We lived in a small town when I was a small child. We moved to Shanghai later. My father landed a better job there.(compound-complex sentence)We lived in a small town when I was a small child, and we moved to Shanghai later because my father landed a better job there.Ⅱ.改写病句（15 points, 3 points each）Correct the errors in the following sentences.Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy that brand again.11.In summer, Juanna didn’t love traveling in Rome she felt it was too hot there.In summer, Juanna didn’t love traveling in Rome because she felt it was too hot there. 12.Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays which were based on historical events.Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and some plays which were based on7historical events.13.While driving on Blueberry Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree fell toward Jack’s car. While Jack was driving on Blueberry Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree fell toward Jack’s car.14.One of Jenny’s greatest joys in life is eating desserts. Such as milkshake, co okies or strawberry cake.One of Jenny’s greatest joys in life is eating desserts, such as milkshake, cookies or strawberry cake.15.Peter ordered the meal for his friends ranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.For his friends, Peter ordered the meal ranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.Ⅲ.标出主题句（15 points, 5 points each）16.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the choice in the blank.A. The most critical election happened in 1896.B. The Great Depression produced conditions for 1932 election.C. Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 and became the 16th American president.D. America’s two-party system has experienced three critical elections, each of which affected the party balance in government.Answer: D17.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.A family group is a good example for illustrating norms, roles, status positions, and social structure. Charlie has certain expectations for Alice that have developed between them over time. Alice is his wife, and he expects her to have the primary responsibility for childrearing and for dealing with relatives. She is expected to listen to his complaints about his boss, to give him encouragement concerning his professional life, to be nice to his friends, to be patient with his impatience, and to spend the family funds carefully. Alice, on the other hand, expects Charlie, her husband, to share in housework, to prepare the meals, to play with the8children, to listen to her complaints about her boss, to encourage her to pursue her professional growth, and to know what to do in a weather emergency or when the plumbing breaks down.18.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the choice in the blank.Topic Sentence: A family group is a good example for illustrating norms, roles, status positions, and social structure.Until the early 1960s, most people reported getting more news from newspapers than from any other source By the mid-1960s, television nudged(轻推)out newspapers as the public’s major source of news. By the 1980s, about two-thirds of the public cited television as their news source, compared with less than one-half who named newspapers and less than one-fift h who relied on radio. Not only is television the public’s most important source of news now, but television news is also rated as more trustworthy than newspaper news—by a margin of more than 2 to 1.A. Virtually all citizens rely on the mass media for news.B. Only a very small number of the public relied on the radio for news.C. The public got news mainly from newspapers before the early 1960s.D. Television now has become the most popular and trustworthy source of news.Ⅳ.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each）Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.b．19.The house they put us in was ugly, with an ugly yard and a few ugly bushes.e20.Yet our guardians’ efforts to punish us were not always effective.C.21.And the clothes we wore were continually pieced; the food we ate was terrible. a．22.After our parents’ death, our comfortable life came to an end and we were kept well below the poverty line by our guardians.923.No more could they put a halt to it than they could keep us.d24.They could keep books out of our hands, restrict our communication with the neighbors’ children by penning us within a wire-net fence.f25.The passionate pleasure we got from soap bubbles, rainbows, holy pictures and spider webs was beyond our guardians’ power of prevention.e26.However, they could not stop us from using our eyes22/19/21/24/20/23/25/26Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子（10 points）Read the following paragraph and cross out the irrelevant sentences.When my friend Tom sets to work in the kitchen, disaster often results. I, frankly, am not much of a cook. Once he tried to make toasted cheese sandwiches for us by putting slices of cheese in the toaster along with the bread, he ruined the toaster. On another occasion, he had cut up some fresh beans and put them in a pan to steam. The water in the pan steamed away while Tom was on the telephone, and both the beans and the coating in the pan were ruined. Finally, another time Tom made spaghetti for us, and the noodles stuck so tightly together that we had to cut off slices with a knife and fork. The tomato sauce, on the other hand, turned out well.Because of Tom’s kitchen mishaps(事故), I never eat at his place without money in my pocket in case we have to go out to eat.Ⅵ.写信（40 points）Write a letter according to the following situation: the Wenchuan earthquake has made this winter extremely difficult for the victims. Write to tell your friend Smith that you are raising money to buy 200 pieces of cotton-padded clothing and some other necessities for the10earthquake victims. Ask him to join the charity and show your appreciations for his help. Don’t forget to tell him your phone number 555-5555 for further discussion. Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)Dear Smith, Oct. 26, 2008I am writing to ask if you could join a charity that I am organizing for the Wenchuan earthquake victims before the winter approaches.As you know, the Wenchuan earthquake occurred on Mary 12 this year, claiming tens of thousands of lives in Sichuan Province and leaving millionsof people homeless there. Tents, food, quilts, clothes and other necessities are still badly needed for the victims in the quake-hit areas.My friends and I are striving to raise sufficient money to buy 200 pieces of cotton-padded clothing and some other necessities, which certainly will beof great help to the victims in the coming winter. The quake has made this winter on exceptionally trying one for the quake victims. Any donations will behighly appreciated.If it’s convenient, please reach me at 555-5555 for further discussion.Sincerely Yours,Li PingJan 1.4Dear SmithIts long time no see. How have you been ? Hope your everything goes well and give my best wishes to your family please , i suppose you hear of the wenchuan earthquake,China,. Its really terrible .since i know many victims of wenchuan earthquake suffered such a huge11calamity .i know many of the are homeless now . especially, this winter they lose their homes where they could undergo chill weather are too difficult to go through. I am sure many the victims of they are lack of necessities also . so i decide to raise money to buy 200 pieces of cotton –padded clothing and some other necessities for the wenchuan earthquake victims . if it is possible. please join the charity with me . that will be great , i do appreciate you so much .by the way , there is any further discussion you can contact with me . my phone number is 555-55555.Your sincerelyLi ping12。

2008年考研英语翻译试题讲评

ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ２００８．４!考试专栏!２００８年考研英语翻译试题讲评清华大学外语系教授许建平２００８年全国研究生入学统一考试的翻译试题是一篇关于达尔文自传的评述文，全文４６０个词，要求考生阅读文章后，将其中５个划线部分（总共１５８个词）译成汉语。

试题全文如下：ＰａｒｔＣＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｅｘｔｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｃｌｅａｒｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｎｈｉｓａｕｔｏｂｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｓｐｅａｋｓｏｆｈｉｓｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｐｏｗｅｒ，ｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｍｏｄｅｓｔｙ．Ｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔｈｅａｌｗａｙｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｍｕｃｈｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｃｌｅａｒｌｙａｎｄｃｏｎｃｉｓｅｌｙ，ｂｕｔ（４６）ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｎｇａｄ－ｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｈｅｄｉｓｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈｅｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆａｎｙｇｒｅａｔｑｕｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｏｆａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｒｗｉｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄＨｕｘｌｅｙ．（４７）Ｈｅａｓｓｅｒｔｓ，ａｌｓｏ，ｔｈａｔｈｉｓｐｏｗｅｒｔｏｆｏｌｌｏｗａｌｏｎｇａｎｄｐｕｒｅｌｙａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｔｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｗａｓｖｅｒｙｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｒｅａｓｏｎｈｅｆｅｌｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ．Ｈｉｓｍｅｍｏｒｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｚｙ．Ｓｏｐｏｏｒｉｎｏｎｅｓｅｎｓｅｗａｓｉｔｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｆｅｗｄａｙｓａｓｉｎｇｌｅｄａｔｅｏｒａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．（４８）Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，ｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔａｃｃｅｐｔａｓｗｅｌｌｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｃｈａｒｇｅｍａｄｅｂｙｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｃｒｉｔｉｃｓｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｉｌｅｈｅｗａｓａｇｏｏｄｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｒ，ｈｅｈａｄｎｏｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ，ｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｔｒｕｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅ“ＯｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ”ｉｓｏｎｅｌｏｎｇａｒｇｕ－ｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｄ，ａｎｄｈａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｍａｎｙａｂｌｅｍｅｎ．Ｎｏｏｎｅ，ｈｅｓｕｂｍｉｔｓ，ｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｉｔｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇｓｏｍｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｈｅｗａｓｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏａｓｓｅｒｔｔｈａｔ“Ｉｈａｖｅａｆａｉｒｓｈａｒｅｏｆｉｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｅｎｓｅｏｒｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｅｖｅｒｙｆａｉｒｌｙｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌａｗｙｅｒｏｒｄｏｃｔｏｒｍｕｓｔｈａｖｅ，ｂｕｔｎｏｔ，Ｉｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ，ｉｎａｎｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｅｇｒｅｅ．”（４９）Ｈｅａｄｄｓｈｕｍｂｌｙｔｈａｔｐｅｒｈａｐｓｈｅｗａｓ“ｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｒｕｎｏｆｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｔｉｃｉｎｇｔｈｉｎｇｓｗｈｉｃｈｅａｓｉｌｙｅｓｃａｐｅａｔ－ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ．”Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｙｅａｒｏｆｈｉｓｌｉｆｅ，ｈｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｔｈａｔｉｎｔｗｏｏｒｔｈｒｅｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓｈｉｓｍｉｎｄｈａｄｃｈａｎｇｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｅｄｉｎｇｔｗｅｎｔｙｏｒｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．Ｕｐｔｏｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｒｔｙｏｒｂｅｙｏｎｄｉｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｏｆｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｇａｖｅｈｉｍｇｒｅａｔｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ．Ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎｈｉｍｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ－ａｂｌｅ，ａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｖｅｒｙｇｒｅａｔ，ｄｅｌｉｇｈｔ．Ｉｎ１８８１，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｈｅｓａｉｄ：“ＮｏｗｆｏｒｍａｎｙｙｅａｒｓＩｃａｎｎｏｔｅｎ－ｄｕｒｅｔｏｒｅａｄａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．Ｉｈａｖｅａｌｓｏａｌｍｏｓｔｌｏｓｔｍｙｔａｓｔｅｆｏｒｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｒｍｕｓｉｃ．（５０）Ｄａｒｗｉｎｗａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔａｓｔｅｓｗａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｌｏｓｓｏｆｈａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ，ｂｕｔｍｉｇｈｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｂｅｉｎｊｕｒｉｏｕｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔ，ａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ．５６!考试专栏!评析：４６．这是一个带宾语从句的复合句，其框架结构如下：主句：Ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔ．．．他相信……宾语从句：ｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ正是这种困难可能具有优势／优点并列的介词短语修饰成分：（ｔｈｅａｄｖａｎ－ｔａｇｅ）ｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋ．．．ａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓ（ｏｆ）ｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓ．．．迫使他思考每一句话，从而使他能察觉错误（的这种优点）方式状语：ｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙ长时间专心地地点状语：ｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ在推理和他自己的观察中翻译这句话最棘手的是宾语从句中ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ的前后修饰成分。

2008年10月全国英语写作基础答案

全国2008年10月英语写作基础答案Ⅰ.重写句子（15 points,1.5 points each）1.Hockey is a sport which is popular in many countries around the world.(simple sentence)In many counetries around the world, hockey is a sport which is popular.2.Not until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest did Johnson know he had won the race.(loose sentence)Johnson did not know he had won the race until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest.3.I have checked my documents several times. I still can’t f ind the problem.(compound sentence)I have checked my documents several times, but I still can’t find the problem.4.The teacher returned the homework. The teacher noticed the error.(complex sentence)The teacher returned the homework when (after) she noticed the error.5.When we are relieved of working pressures of the office, we can enjoy happiness and relaxation at home.(modifying phrase)Relieved of working pressures of the office, we can enjoy happiness and relaxation at home.6.Alan passed the test. Alan had studied hard. Alan had understood the material.(complex sentence)Alan passed the test because Alan had studied hard and understood the material.7.Fossil fuels are non-renewable. We need to find alternative energy sources. (compound sentence)Fossil fuels are non-renewable, so we need to find alternative energy sources.8.We slipped on the road when we could see no lights in the heavy rain that night.(periodic sentence)When we could see no lights in the heavy rain that night, we slipped on the road.9.At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art. Y ou can explore African artifacts there. Y ou can discover beautiful textiles from around the world there.(parallel structure)At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art, explore African artifacts, discover beautiful textiles from around the world.10.We lived in a small town when I was a small child. We moved to Shanghai later. My father landed a better job there.(compound-complex sentence)We lived in a small town when I was a small child, and we moved to Shanghai later because my father landed a better job there.Ⅱ.改写病句（15 points, 3 points each）11.In summer, Juanna didn’t love traveling in Rome she felt it was too hot there.In summer, Juanna didn’t love traveling in Rome because she felt it was too hot there.12.Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays which were based on historical events. Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and some plays which were based on historical events.13.While driving on Blueberry A venue yesterday afternoon, a tree fell toward Jack’s car.While Jack was driving on Blueberry Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree fell toward Jack’s car.14.One of Jenny’s greatest joys in life is eating desserts. Such as milkshake, cookies or strawberry cake.One of Jenny’s greatest joys in life is eating desserts, such as milkshake, cookies or strawberry cake.15.Peter ordered the meal for his friends ranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.For his friends, Peter ordered the meal ranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.Ⅲ.标出主题句（15 points, 5 points each）16.D17.Topic Sentence: A family group is a good example for illustrating norms, roles, status positions, and social structure.D. T elevision now has become the most popular and trustworthy source of news.Ⅳ.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each）Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子（10 points）I, frankly, am not much of a cook.The tomato sauce, on the other hand, turned out well.Ⅵ.写信（40 points）Oct. 26, 2008Dear Smith,I am writing to ask if you could join a charity that I am organizing for the W enchuan earthquake victims before the winter approaches.As you know, the W enchuan earthquake occurred on May 12 this year, claiming tens of thousands of lives lost in Sichuan Province and leaving millions of people homeless there. T ents, food, quilts, clothes and other necessities are still badly needed for the victims in the quake-hit areas.My friends and I are striving to raise enough money to buy 200 pieces of cotton-padded clothing and some other necessities, which certainly will be of great help to the victims in the coming winter. The quake has made this winter exceptionally cold for the quake victims. Any donations will be highly appreciated.If it’s convenient, please reach me at 555-5555 for further discussion.Sincerely Y ours,Li Ping。

2008年华东师范大学外语学院翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

一、改错1．わたしたちが毎日使っていることばの中には、パン、ミルク、コッブなどのように、主に西洋の国々から入って来て、日本語になったことばがある。

こういうことばを外来語という。

外来語は、外国との行き来や貿易にともなって、その国の文物とともに入って来たものである。

译文：在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西欧各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【答案】在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西方各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【解析】译文中对「西洋」这一词的翻译不准确，根据历史常识可以得知，「西洋」既包括“欧洲各国”，还包括“美国”等。

因此，译文仅将其限定为“西欧”是不正确的。

2．禅海和尚には虚栄心がなかった。

高位の憎の陥りがちな弊であるが、人物から書画骨董にいたるまでの万般の鑑識眼を恃まれるので、あとで鑑識の誤まりを嗤われぬように、断定的なことを言うまいとする人がある。

もちろん禅僧風の独断を即座に下してみせるが、どちらにも意味のとれるような余地を残しておくのである。

禅海和尚はそうではなかった。

彼が見たまま感じたままを言っていることがよくわかった。

彼|は自分の単純な強い目に映る事物に、ことさら意味を求めたりすることはなかった。

意味はあってもよく、なくてもよい。

译文：禅海大和尚不慕虚荣，虽然在声誉高的方丈身上这是极易出现的通病。

一股人总是从交友到鉴赏书画古董，万般皆凭所谓的鉴识眼；所以生怕贻笑大方，从来不肯说句肯定的话。

纵然有时也带有禅僧的独断与顿悟，总还是要留有灵活解脱的余地来。

禅海却不这样，他是怎么想就怎么说，看事情全凭自己单纯的透视、解析，概不另求是否还有什么其它意义。

【答案】禅海和尚没有虚荣心。

华中师范大学外国语学院829写作翻译历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解2004年华中师范大学455写作翻译考研真题及详解2005年华中师范大学464写作翻译考研真题及详解2006年华中师范大学448写作翻译考研真题及详解2007年华中师范大学433写作翻译考研真题及详解2008年华中师范大学835写作翻译考研真题及详解2010年华中师范大学821写作翻译考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学833写作翻译考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ　Composition (75%)Burnout is the condition of inner dumbness, generally a mixture of depression, exhaustion and inner dissatisfaction. According to a United Nations report, three out of every ten workers in the UK suffer from burnout —the disease of the modem world.Write a composition of about 400 words to show some cases of burnout and offer you advice to those who suffer from the pressures of modem life. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.【参考范文】Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy and daily increasing working pressure, many people in job market are suffering from burnout. If you’re feeling exhausted and overworked, you’re not alone. Job burnout isn’t simply being bored or disenchanted with your work. Rather, it’s the result of prolonged work stress and is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, a lower sense of accomplishment and severely reduced productivity. Burnout can also lead to increases in stress hormones, heart disease, and mental health issues like depression.People always know all about the dangers of burnout. They even know that working too many hours, like multi-tasking, clobbers your productivity. And yet there’s always that one more task that needs finishing, one moreemail to write, or one more impatient customer or boss who doesn’t want to wait till Monday. So people work a little bit harder, and then a little harder than that, to get it all done. And they do this week after week. Pretty soon they’re soured on their job, sleep-deprived, and irritable both at work and at home. They’re suffering from a bad case of burnout. But try as they might, they can’t make your job any easier. Here are my tactics that may help people to push through high-stress times.First of all, never forget to have enough sleep no matter how busy you are at work. Not only does a good night’s sleep improve your mood and cognitive ability, it actually helps you grow brain cells. Whereas sleep deprivation is associated with a whole host of mental and physical ailments, and will actually make you age more quickly. Whatever else you have to do is to give up the demands of your crazy job and make sure that getting a good night’s sleep every night is one of your priorities.Secondly, please get plenty of exercise. Exercise is a known mood elevator and stress buster, as well as something that your body needs to remain healthy. There’s evidence that a daily two-mile walk can help your cognitive function. So fit some exercise in your schedule every day, it will help you to gain a healthier and more energetic body.Last but not least, you can put a vacation on your calendar. Having a vacation on your calendar will give you something to look forward to. And as the date approaches, resist any temptation to reschedule. Taking a vacation will give your mind a rest. You might be surprised at how reinvigorated and inspired you’ll be getting back to work.Being burnout in this society is not strange. What’s important is to make。

2014年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．trade term正确答案：贸易术语2．indicative price正确答案：指示性价格3．customs valuation正确答案：海关估价4．AFT A(ASEAN free trade area)正确答案：东盟自由贸易区5．special preferences正确答案：特惠6．Commit No Nuisance正确答案：禁止小便7．No Angling正确答案：禁止垂钓8．caravansary正确答案：商队旅馆9．high comfort hotel正确答案：高级饭店10．deluxe hotel正确答案：豪华酒店11．concourse正确答案：大厅12．sleeper with couchettes正确答案：双层卧铺车13．film industry cinematograph正确答案：电影摄影机14．board of census正确答案：人口普查委员会15．distributor正确答案：经销商汉译英16．社会的道德和心理底线正确答案：social mentality and baseline of psychology 17．宏观调控体系正确答案：macro-control system18．农村扶贫标准正确答案：standard of rural poverty alleviation project 19．衣食住行用条件正确答案：basic necessities20．基层民主正确答案：democracy at the grassroots level21．人民的精神文化生活正确答案：the spiritual and cultural life of the people22．有利的国际环境正确答案：favorable international environment23．现代文化市场体系正确答案：modern cultural market system24．财税体系正确答案：financial system25．中华文化走出去正确答案：the Chinese culture’s“going abroad”26．社会核心价值体系正确答案：social core value system27．各类市场主体正确答案：various market entities28．利率和汇率市场化正确答案：marketization of interest rate and exchange rate 29．双边、多边开放合作正确答案：bilateral and multi-lateral open cooperation30．国家法制统一、尊严、权威正确答案：unity，dignity and authority of national legal system 英汉互译英译汉31．Students(and others)often, as I said earlier, talk about “using” this or that approach—”I think I’ll use Durkheim”—as though they had a free choice of theories. In fact, by the time they begin to write about their research, they have made many seemingly unimportant choices of details that have foreclosed their choice of a theoretical approach. They decided what questions to investigate. They picked a way of gathering information. They chose between a variety of minor technical and procedural alternatives: who to interview, how to code their data, when to stop. As they made these choices from day to day, they increasingly committed themselves to one way of thinking, more or less firmly answering the theoretical questions they thought were still up for grabs.But sociologists, and especially students, fuss about choosing a theory for a practical reason. They have to—at least they think they do—deal with the “literature” on their topic. Scholars learn to fear the literature in graduate school. I remember Professor Louis Wirth, one of the distinguished members of the Chicago school, putting Erving Goffman, then a fellow graduate student of mine, in his place with the literature gambit. It was just what we all feared. Believing Wirth had not given sufficiently serious attention to some influential ideas about operationalism, Goffman challenged him in class with quotations from Percy Bridgeman’s book on the subject. Wirth smiled and asked sadistically, “Which edition is that, Mr. Goffman?”Maybe there was an important difference between editions, though none of us believed that. We thought, instead, that we’d better be careful about the literature or They Could Get You. “They”included not only teachers but peers, who might welcome an opportunity to show how well they knew the literature at your expenses.-------Excerpts of Chapter 8 “Terrorized by the Literature”, from Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article 正确答案：学生们(以及其他人)经常就像我之前说的，会谈到要“引用”这个或那个理论——“我想引用涂尔干的理论”——貌似他们可以在各种理论之间自由选择。

华中师范大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题

华中师范大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题一、大学英语三级翻译英译汉1．People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary from country to country．A．人们的态度是国家之间要送礼物。

B．不同的国家的人对送礼的态度各不相同。

C．国与国之问人们对送礼物的看法不尽相同。

D．各国人们送礼的做法都在变化。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“attitude”和“vary”这两短语意思的理解。

“attitude”意为“看法”，而不是“态度”、“做法”，“vary”是“各不相同”的意思，并不是“变化”。

因此选项A、B和D均存在不同程度的理解错误。

知识模块：英译汉2． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。

B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。

C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。

D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。

【答案】C3． With all its disadvantages, the new design they have submitted should still be considered as one of the best at present.A) 尽管他们提交的这个新设计有种种不足，但仍应视为目前最佳设计之一。

B) 尽管有许多不利因素，他们做出的新设计仍然被视为目前最佳设计之一。

C) 如果没有这些缺陷，他们的新设计就应该被视为迄今为止最佳的一种设计。

D) 如果没有这么多不利因素，他们的新设计就应该作为目前最佳的一个方案。

华师10春英语教育专业翻译作业及参考答案

单选题第1题 (2) 分他想一吐胸中块垒，但却找不到一个可以倾诉的人。

A、He wanted to throw up the chunk within his chest but there was no one to whom he could talk.B、He wanted to speak out the load on his mind, he but could not find a man to whom he could talk.C、He wanted to get his problem off his chest, but there was no one to whom he could unbosom himself.第2题 (2) 分这个小女孩长得又漂亮又聪明，真是人见人爱。

A、This little girl is beautiful and clever. Indeed everybody here loves her.B、This little girl is very beautiful and clever. It is true everybody here loves her when they see her.C、This little girl is so beautiful and clever that no one who sees her can help loving her.第3题 (2) 分 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his character.A、他的性格既残暴又狡猾。

B、他的性格是老虎和猿猴的混合物。

C、他既有老虎的性格又有猿猴的性格。

第4题 (2) 分俗话说，不怕不识货，就怕货比货。

A、Inferior goods can’t stand comparison, as the saying goes.B、As an old saying goes, we are not afraid that you do not know all about the goods but we are afraid that you compare the goods.C、A s an old saying goes, don’t worry about not knowing about the goods; just compare and you will see which is better.第5题 (2) 分There’s been some dirty work with the club accounts and some money is missing.A、俱乐部的帐目有鬼，有些钱不知去向。

2008年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2008年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate the following into Chinese. (75 points)One sunny morning in June in the 1810’s, there drove up to the gates of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, a large family coach. “It is Mrs. Seldley’s coach, sister,” said Miss Jemima. “Hav e you completed all the necessary preparations for Miss Sedley’s departure? I trust you have made a copy of Miss Sedley’s account. Be kind enough to address it to John Sedley, and to seal this letter that I have written to his lady,” said Miss Pinkerton he rself.Miss Sedley was a lovely young lady. She had such a kind, generous heart that she won the love of everyone who came near her. Her face blushed with rosy health and her eyes sparkled with the brightest and honestest good-humor. Miss Pinkerton spoke highly of her in the letter and it completed, she began to write her own name and Miss Sedley’s on the first page of a Johnson’s Dictionary, which she always presented to her pupils on their departure.Miss Jemima, with rather a timid air, handed her sister a second copy of the book. “For Becky Sharp,” said she,“she’s going too.” “Miss Jemima!” exclaimed Miss Pinkerton, “Are you in your sense? Replace the dictionary in the closet.”Miss Sedley’s father was a merchant in London and a man of some wealth, while Miss Sharp was an articled student, for whom Miss Pinkerton thought shehad done enough, without conferring upon her the honor of the dictionary.Miss Sharp’s father was an artist, and had given lessons of drawing at Miss Pinkerton’s school. He was a clever man but with a habit of running into debt. He married a French opera girl. When both her parents died, Rebecca was seventeen and came to Miss Pinkerton’s school as an articled student. She was small and thin; pale, sandy-haired, and with eyes habitually cast down: when they looked up they were very large, odd and attractive. The happiness, the superior advantage of the young women about her, gave Rebecca an inexpressible feeling of envy. “I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming than most of them, yet everybody ignores me.” She determined at any rate to change her fate.She took advantage of the means of study that was offered to her and went through the little course of education considered necessary for young ladies at those days. Her music she practiced continuously, and one day she was overheard to play a piece so well that Miss Pinkerton thought she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors and told Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music. To the astonishment o f the headmistress, the girl refused. “I am here to speak French with the children,” Rebecca said, “not to teach them music, and save money for you. Give me money, and I will teach them.” The lady was obliged to yield, though she spoke of having nourished a snake in her chest.“There is no question of gratitude between us,” was Rebecca’s answer, “You took me because I was useful. Give me a sum of money and get rid of me, or, if you like better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family.” AsMiss Pinkerton could not cancel her contract without making some payment, she at last, hearing that Sir Pitt Crawley’s family was in want of a governess, actually recommended Miss Sharp for the post.Thus the world began for these two young ladies. Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amelia, the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship, Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley’s for ten days before she took the new job.——From Vanity Fair by W.M. Thackery 【参考译文】在1810年六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。

2008下半年-中级笔译试题+答案 - 副本

中级笔译试题Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.1. 我们认识到，油价上涨使我们目前正面临着经济困境，我们推出这个广告旨在以“幽默感”打动人，同时也是在半开玩笑地鼓励美国人在经济衰退和油价上涨的重压下出去度个假。

译文：We recognize these are challenging economic times with gas prices increasing and the ad we launched this year aims to be "humorous" and is a tongue-in-cheek appeal to urge Americans to take a vacation amid a slumping economy and spiking fuel costs.2.我在《中国日报》上看到贵公司为在中国大连建造一个新港口的工程招标。

我公司对这项工程很感兴趣，我来就是为了取得招标文件并了解有关参加投标的详细情况。

译文：I‟ve read your ad in the China Daily inviting tenders for the construction of a new harbour in Da Lian. My firm is interested, and I‟m here for the tender documents and detailed information about participation in the tender.3.欧洲人认为，过去十年来，商业、体育甚至感情中的欺骗行为变得越来越普遍。

无论这种现象是确有其事还是主观臆想──真正的欺骗行为很难衡量──人们认为这个世界正变得越来越无情，越来越虚伪。

2008年3月10月博士翻译真题

TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper spaceon your Answer Sheet II.One of the most difficult situations that a researcher can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has violated the ethical standards of the research community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable obligation to act. At the most immediate level, misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own research or the research of colleagues. 1）More broadly, even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists and their institutions, which in turn can result in the imposition of counterproductive regulations, and shake public confidence in the integrity of science.To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is possible---but not always. Reprisals by the accused person and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past and have had serious consequences. 2）Any allegation of misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the charge, the institutions involved, and science in general.Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ethics usually has more options than are immediately apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 3）In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of advice in deciding whether to go forward with a complaint.An important consideration is deciding when to put a complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal manner than if it is made verbally. 4）Putting a complaint in writing can have serious consequences for the career of a scientist and should be undertaken only after thorough consideration.The National Science Foundation and Public Health Service require all research institutions that receive public funds to have procedures in place to deal with allegations of unethical practice. 5）These procedures take into account fairness for the accused, protection for the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and requirements for confidentiality and disclosure.In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the strictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that complainants can go to a person with whom they feel comfortable.Part Four Translation1. 从更广义上说，哪怕一次作伪就可能毁掉作伪的科研人员自己及其所在的科研单位名誉扫地，反过来又会导致出台一些妨碍（科学）发展的条令，并使公众对科学的客观公正失去信心。

自学考试英语(二)全国2008年10月统一命题考试

2008年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）一、Vocabulary and Structure（10 points,1 point for each item）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1. He was specifically asked to write a play that would be______to the localcommunity.A. flexibleB. accessibleC. responsibleD. Capable2. It is strongly held that new______must be introduced to protect the rightofthe immigrants.A. statisticsB. constructionsC. measuresD. Concessions3. Country life is better than city life______it offers fresh air and noiselessenvironment.A. in thatB. as thatC. as forD. in which4. Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister______the crisis.A. handlesB. conductsC. observesD. directs5. It took a few seconds for her eyes to______to the darkness.A. allocateB. adoptC. applyD. adjust6. To write up his novel，John is looking for an environment free______outside distraction.A. onB. withC. fromD. in7. Johnson was ______unknown before running for the presidency.A. visiblyB. visuallyC. verticallyD. virtually8. The volunteers would rather go by train than______./A. to driveB. driveC. drivenD. to be driven9. Never before______so rapidly developing as it is today.A. has our country beenB. has been our countryC. our country has beenD. our country been has10. Police are______the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB. looking throughC. looking intoD. looking on二、Cloze Test（10 points,1 point for each item）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

2008年华侨大学853翻译与写作考研真题【圣才出品】

2008年华侨大学853翻译与写作考研真题Part ⅠTranslate the following passage into Chinese : 40 pointsAmong the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any others. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make public speeches; students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders.There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic. Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way.Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception orto participate in a televised debate or interview.When they do not have to speak unprepared, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.Part ⅡTranslate the following passage into English: 35 points照例每年夏天有一批中国留学生学成回国。

华中师范大学汉语语言学2008真题及解析

华中师范大学2007年819汉语语言学真题壹、现代汉语部分（80分）一、名词解释（每小题4分，共20分）1.甲骨文2.押韵3.离合词4.兼类词5.拈连二、分析题（每题5分，共10分）1.用层次分析方法分析下面短语的层次和结构关系。

写出更多更好的具有生动气息的作品2.用划线法分析下面多重复句。

尽管古代的一些作家，并不完全是唯物主义者，但是他们既然是现实主义者，他们思想中就不能不具有唯物主义的成分，因而他们能够从艺术的描写中反映出一定的客观真理。

三、简述题（每题10分，共40分）1.方言与民族共同语的关系。

2.基本词汇的特点。

3.连动句与兼语句的联系和区别。

4.合作原则的内容。

四、思辩题从下面几段话中找出两个值得研究的语法或修辞问题。

每小题请用50-150字简要说明其值得研究的理由（每题5分，共10分）。

小时候，每到夏天，母亲就会带着我村西边的那块田里种上几分地的黄豆。

种黄豆比较省事，只需锄两遍地，然后就耐心地等待着秋后收割。

只不过，在有些黄豆地里会长出一种奇怪的植物——菟丝子。

它们柔长的茎蔓，像结实的铁链一样，将它攀缘过的黄豆芽紧紧地拢在一起。

有一次，我我跟母亲到黄豆地里去薅菟丝子。

我自以为是地说：“既然它们没有生根，长在长在豆地里就不会碍事，咱干吗还要费事呢？”母亲却告诉我：“它们可不像你说的这样轻巧，它们拢住哪一棵豆子，哪一棵豆子就会枯死。

”待薅到地头的时候，母亲故意留下了一小株菟丝子没有清除。

秋后，黄豆熟透的时候，母亲指着地头一小圈已枯死的黄豆桔对我说：“这次你看到了吧，即使一株小小的菟丝子，也会毁掉一片豆子。

”以后，每到黄豆生长的旺季，我都要和母亲一起到黄豆地里去，仔细清除掉里面的每一株菟丝子。

贰、古代汉语汉语部分（共70分）、五、指出下列各字在六书中所属的结构类型。

（每题2分，共10分）1.析2.字3.鹿4.枚5.本六、解释下列各句中加点之词的词汇意义或语法意义。

（10分）1.尔曹身于名俱灭。

翻译二级口译实务2008年10月

[真题] 翻译二级口译实务2008年10月Part Ⅰ Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第1题：Ladies and Gentlemen,It is my pleasure to address you as a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador to this Second WorldAssembly on Ageing, an honour which I truly welcome, and one which has provided me with an excellentopportunity to promote awareness of ageing. I congratulate the Secretary-General of the United Nations, thechairmen and the executive heads of the organizations of the United Nations system on their excellent work,the Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Preparatory Committee on their dedication, and the many individualswho have helped to make this Second World Assembly possible. [TONE]∥[TONE]We are honoured to be hosting this world event in Spain. Our interest stems from our realization thatthe ageing of the population presents a challenge for which we must prepare ourselves and that we must beready to take advantage of the abilities of older persons. Therefore, in offering to be the host country, Spainwished to demonstrate its interest in policies for the integration of older persons and to give impetus to aninnovative debate in our society. [TONE]∥[TONE]We are living through a period of major demographic change. The elderly are ever more numerous.That people are living longer and under better conditions, as a result of social progress, is one of humanity'sgreatest achievements. Older persons are a universal force with the potential to transform the future. Thisglobal transformation is going to affect individuals, families, communities and virtually every area of society.[TONE]∥[TONE]Accordingly, we must prepare ourselves for this new challenge by promoting changes in attitude towardsthis demographic revolution, which is taking place because of the increase in the number of older personsin the world. Achieving a society for all ages involves analysing society from a broader perspective andhighlights the role played by relations between the various generations making upsociety. Solidarity betweenthe generations in all areas of family, community and national life is essential for social cohesion. [TONE]∥[TONE]We younger people must be increasingly aware that, in order to move forward in building a more just society, we must recognize the advances made by older generations and value their experience and currentabilities appropriately. At the same time, we must be able to transmit such values to coming generations.Inter-generational solidarity is a natural setting within which encounter, learning and exchange take placeamong individuals. It offers advantages to all and helps in achieving a more integrated society. [TONE]∥[TONE] Together we will build a positive image of ageing, which should involve not simply prolonging life, but also ensuring that old age is healthy, independent, active and fully integrated in society. Ageing should be seen as astage in life during which men and women can still develop their skills, as active agents in our societies, in whichthey should continue to participate as full citizens with full social recognition. [TONE]∥[TONE]I hope that all the proposals that result from this World Assembly will enable our society to face the challenges posed by the ageing of the population, and that they will be translated into practice by the greatestpossible number of countries in such a way that older persons will benefit from them as soon as possible.Thank you. [TONE]∥[TONE] ____________________________参考答案：女士们，先生们：我非常高兴能作为联合国第二次老龄问题世界大会的亲善大使在这里发言，这对于我来说是一种荣誉，为我提供了一个绝佳的机会来帮助人们提高对老龄问题的认识。

0795综合英语(二)2008年10月份历年真题

0795综合英语〔二〕2022年10月份历年真题:// 8minzk全国2022年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795I.语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

(本大题共15小题，每题1分，共15分)1. I saw Bill sitting in a front seat ______ at the speaker with the strangest look. A. staring C. staredB. stares D. stare2. Arrive at the classroom well before the test ______ so you don’t feel rushed. A. beginning C. will beginB. has begun D. begins3. A series of attempts ______ made, he came to a successful solution to the problem. A. to be C. wereB. had been D. having been4. Most people in the United States watch TV, ______ they complain a lot about the program. A. despite C. thusB. except that D. even though5. It is desirable that water used for drinking ______ pure. A. wereC. isB. should be D. ought to be6. He was much more thorough in his studies than the rest of his class and it was for this reason ______ he made such great progress. A. why C. thatB. how D. for7.Although he refused to act on my suggestion，he had to admit that ______ what I said. A. there was something in C. there was something asB. it was something in D. it was something as8. In order to search for the escaped prisoner, the police have decided to ______ whoever comes along the road. A. ask C. inquireB. investigate D. question9. The teacher took the ______ to learn the students’ names on the first day of school. A. difficulty C. problemB. trouble D. hardship第 1 页共 13 页:// 8minzk10. Animals become ______ to their young as soon as they can look after themselves. A. ignorant C. indifferentB. careless D. cruel11. ______ how much you practice the speech，the actual presentation will be different from your plan. A. Aware of C. Clear ofB. Convinced of D. Regardless of12. I continued to ______ his progress against the charts provided by the doctor. A. count C. calculateB. measure D. judge13. The lab has recently been updated to ______ for more advanced courses.A. supply C. allowB. provide D. support14. No one knows whether a child’s ______ towards fatness is inherited or due to the food he eats. A. tendency C. intentionB. trend D. inclination15. The police ____ Mr. Burger for the wanted suspect and informed the headquarters immediately. A. treated C. believedB. took D. recognizedⅡ．完形填空。