With 复合结构与独立结构

With 复合结构与独立结构

With 复合结构与独立结构的句法功能

一、with 复合结构

先看下面例句：

In parts of Asia, you must not sit with your feet pointing at another persons.

句中your feet 是介词with 的宾语,pointing是your feet的补足语,介词宾语your feet与它的补足语pointing 一起构成with的复合结构, 即复合宾语。其结构是：with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语。作宾语的通常是名词或代词；作宾语补足语的除了上例句中的动词-ing 形式外，还可用动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、形容词等。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，即补足语表示宾语所发出的一个动作或说明宾语的状态、特征、身分等。

1.with 复合结构常见的构成形式有以下几种：

•• 动词-ing 形式、动词不定式、过去分词

with + 宾语+ 介词短语 / 形容词 / 副词 / 名词

现分述如下：

1) with + 宾语+ 动词-ing 形式（即现在分词）。宾语是动词-ing形式的执行者；动词-ing 形式表示动作正在发生。例如：

He fell asleep with the light burning.他开着灯睡着了。

With you standing there, we can't work. 你站在那儿我们无法工作。

2) with + 宾语+ 动词不定式。宾语是动词不定式的执行者；动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即将发生的动作。例如:

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 所有这些碟子都要洗, 我不能出去。

With Tom to help me, I finished the work in time. 有了汤姆的帮助, 及时完成了这项工作。

3) with + 宾语+ 过去分词。宾语是过去分词的承受者，而非执行者；过去分词表达被动含义。例如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied. 小偷双手被捆着带了进来。

The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat. 那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。

4) with + 宾语+ 介词短语。介词短语表示宾语所处的状态或特征。例如：

The guard stood at the gate with a gun in his hands.卫兵手持枪站在门口。

The old man was sitting there with his back to the door.老人背朝门坐在那儿。

5) with + 宾语+ 形容词。形容词表示宾语的状态或特征。例如:

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗睡觉。

With the house empty she felt miserable. 房子空空荡荡, 她感觉难受。

6) with + 宾语+ 副词。副词表示宾语的状态或特征。例如:

With John away, we've got more room. 约翰不在, 我们有了更多的地方。

The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都开着,这楼显得更加漂亮。

7) with + 宾语+ 名词。名词常表示宾语的身分。例如:

He died with his daughter yet a baby.他去世时他女儿还是一个婴儿。

They live in Chengdu With their son a teacher in a school.他们住在成都，他们的儿子在一所学校当教师。

2. With 复合结构的句法功能

with 复合结构在句中主要用作状语, 表示伴随情况或行为方式、•条件、原因、时间等。例如：

1）伴随状语：The teacher went into the classroom with some books in his hand.老师手里拿着几本书走进教室。

The old man was sitting near the stove, with his back towards the door.那位老人背朝门坐在火炉旁。

2）条件状语：With the weather permitting, we'll go out for picnic.如果天气好的话，我们就去野炊。

With the day being fine, we are going to swim. 如果天气好的话，我们打算去游泳。

3）时间状语：With the problem settled,he went home.这个问题解决后他就回家了。

With the work finished,he went home.工作做完后他就回家了。

4）原因状语：With so many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于缺席的人多，他们决定将会议推迟。

With them to help us, we finished the job easily. 有了他们的帮助，我们很容易地完成了这项工作。

With 复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可用作定语。例如：

He lives in the room with the light burning. 他住在亮着灯的那个房间。

The woman with a baby in her arms is his sister.怀抱婴儿的那个妇女是他姐姐。•••