With复合结构与独立主格结构

With复合结构与独立主格结构

我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。

1、 With +名词+过去分词

§ They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了)

§ The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决)

§ The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。)

§ The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapers

stuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒)

2、 With +名词+现在分词

§ She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂)

§ I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trains

rattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。)

§ With economy recovering, people’s living standard is improving、(随着经济的复苏,人民的生活水平也在改善)

3、 With+名词+介词短语

§ He stood on a big rock with his face towards the rough sea、(她站在一块儿大岩石上,面朝着波涛汹涌的大海)

§ They stood with their arms round each other、(她们站在那里,相互拥抱着)

§ His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms、 (她

的妻子走下楼来,怀里抱着她那个一岁的儿子)

4、 With+名词+形容词

§ Even in winter he still slept with the window open、(即使在冬天,她仍然开着窗户睡觉)

§ With chairman of the board seriously ill, we had to cancel the meeting、(由于董事长病的很严重,所以我们只好取消了这次会议)

§ With the weather unbearably hot, we had to have our air-conditioner working all the time。(由于天气热得令人难以忍受,所以我们只得一直开着空调)

5. With+名词+副词

§ With two people away ill, we’ll have to close the office this afternoon、(由于两人有病没来,今天下午我们不得不停止办公)

§ Her three children lay on the bed with all their clothes on、(她的三个孩子穿着衣服躺床上) § The child was free to do everything with her mother not in、 (母亲没在家,这个孩子可以自由地做一切事情)

6、 With+名词+不定式短语

§ With a lot of work to do, I don’t know whether I have time to go to the concert with you、(有这么多的工作要做,我不知道就是否有时间与您一起去听音乐会)

§ I really did not have time to relax with so many small children to

look after、(有很多的小孩儿要照顾,我真的没有时间去放松一下)

§ I can’t go out with a lot of dishes to wash。(有这么多的盘子要洗,我出不去)

With复合结构与独立主格结构 ( 2009-7-11 9:45 )

with复合结构与独立主格结构就是英语中常见的两种结构形式。从某种意义上说,它们可以算作就是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能与意义相同,但其结构形式与名称却不相同。抓住这一点,就可以把二者融会贯通,从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。

With复合结构的模式就是:with+名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)

独立主格结构的模式就是:主格名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)

请瞧下例:

一、作时间状语

1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south、

=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south、

2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday、

=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday、

3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving、

=The traffic light green, the bus got moving、

4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel、

=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel、

二、作原因状语

5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed、

=It being Sunday, the library was closed、

6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves、

=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves、

7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home、

=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home、(注意此处的we 不得改成us,用了us便不就是独立主格结构了。)

8、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room、

=The key having been lost, she could not enter the room、

三、作条件状语

1、With time permitting(许可),we’ll visit the Summer Palace、

=Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace、

2、With the car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain、

=The car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain、

四、作伴随状况状语

1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed、

=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed、

2、He wore a shirt with the neck open、

=He wore a shirt, the neck open、

3、Last night I followed him, and climbed in, with a sword in my hand、