with复合结构和独立主格结构

独立主格结构和with / without复合结构

1.概念:

独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。

2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语

Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.

Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.

(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing

当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。

1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）

2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)

3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)

(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词

1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)

2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)

(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词

He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out

(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式

1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)

A. follows

B. followed

C. to follow

D. being followed

2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）

（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。

1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________.(手上一本书)

2._______________ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）

(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语

的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在

“being+过去分词”或“there being＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。

1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over）

2.____________________________, she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因)

3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆)

二．With和without复合结构

with和without复合结构是:with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。

（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。

(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。

1. She sleeps with the window ____________.

2. I couldn`t finish my work with those children __.

A. playing around

B. plays around

C. played around

D. to play around

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents were seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book.

A. fixing

B. fixes

C. fixed

D. to fix

With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled

B. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled

三．with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化

（Ⅰ）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。

（１）作时间状语

With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

（２）作原因状语

With the key lost, she could not enter the room.

=The key lost, she could not enter the room.

=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.

(3)作条件状语

With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

=Time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

=If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

(4)作伴随状语

Here are the first three volumes with

the fourth one to come out next month.

=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.

=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.

(Ⅱ) with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.

=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.

巩固练习

1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train left, we arrived at the station.

A. There were; to go

B. With; to go

C. I was; left

D. It had; left

2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.

A.20 dollars remained

B.20 dollars to remain