with的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。

比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。

Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。

2. with+宾语+副词。

比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。

What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！
3. with+宾语+过去分词。

比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。

She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。

4. with+宾语+现在分词。

比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。

5. with+宾语+介词短语。

比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。

The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。

6. with+宾语+动词不定式。

比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。

Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。

7. with+宾语+名词。

比如： He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时，女儿还是个小学生。

He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。

(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you.
(9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us.
(10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold.
with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别
[ 标签：with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系
满意答案好评率：100%
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。

学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。

本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、 with结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。

With结构构成方式如下：
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；
例句：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；
例句：She left the room with all the lights on.
3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；
例句：He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
例句：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.
5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

例句：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)
6. without+名词/代词+补语
例句：Possibly this person died withont anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).
分词作状语的理解技巧可以肯定地说，分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。

历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。

因此，本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析，同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧，以帮助同学们掌握其用法。

一、用作时间状语 1. 典型例句 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。

The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成： When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home.
3. 高考实例 When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。

二、用作原因状语 1. 典型例句 Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。

His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。

Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成： As she was very weak, she couldn’t move. Because his car broken was down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London. 3. 高考实例 (1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 【分析】答案选A。

现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced
with so much trouble。

(2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 【分析】答案选B。

现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。

三、用作条件状语 1. 典型例句 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。

Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。

Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成： If you work hard, you will succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. 3. 高考实例 ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 【分析】答案选D。

give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。

分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺If he is given time。

四、用作让步状语 1. 典型例句 Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成： Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考实例 No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷) A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 【分析】答案选A。

现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。

No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。

五、用作伴随状语 1. 典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。

Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。

He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。

2. 理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。

分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。

3. 高考实例(1) Don’t s it there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷) A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (2006江苏卷) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said (4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____A___ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。

六、用作方式状语 1. 典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。

I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。

有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构，如上面第一句也可换成： He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。

七、用作结果状语 1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。

He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。

It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。

2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成： He fired and killed
one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five children. (from It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. 3. 高考实例 (1) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 【分析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____
a record US$ a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 【分析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ a barrel on April 4.
find的复合结构与with的复合结构有什么区别
[ 标签：find, 复合结构, with] ｝仅嗳①次、 2007-07-20 13:33
满意答案好评率：100%
with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。

在高
三课本第六、第十单元的Reading部分中，出现了下面的句子。

There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“ Dillingham Young”。

（第十单元）
在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.（第六单元）在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。

且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
He lay in bed with his head covered.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away，we've got more room.
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。

请阅读下面的句子。

1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）
3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）
4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）
6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）
注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。

1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）
2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）
1. find +宾语+现在分词
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现一只钱包在地上。

If slaves were found living together secretly they were cruelly whipped. 如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到残酷鞭打。

For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分时间人们还发现他在厂里某个地方工作。

He was heartened to find the people living better than ever before. 看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好，他由衷地感到高兴。

2. find +宾语+过去分词
He found the place much changed.
他发现这地方有了巨大的变化。

We found her quite recovered.
我们发现她已完全痊愈。

They found the street lined with people.
他们发现大街两侧都站着人。

Two of the windows were found broken.
发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了。

Both doors were found locked.
发现两扇门都被锁上了。

3. find +（宾语）+形容词
She was found alone in the room.
发现她一个人在屋里。

He was found dead in the morning.
早上人们发现他已经死了。

I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
我发现习语和有用的短语很难学。

Have you found anything wrong in the article？
文章中你已经发现什么错误了吗？
Which do you find hardest，listening, speaking, reading or writing？你觉得听、说、读、写哪一方面最难？
4. find +宾语+副词
I”m so glad I found you in.
发现你在家我真高兴。

He hurried there, but found them all out.
他赶到那里，却发现大家都出去了。

How do find the dish？
你觉得这个菜怎么样？
When the enemy got to the village, they found nobody about.
当敌人进村时发现一个人都不在了。

5. find +宾语+介词短语
They found him already in the care of a doctor.
他们发现已经有一位大夫在照顾他了。

We have gone over the contract and found everything in order.
合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。

An old worker was found in possession of the papers.
这些文件被发现保存在一位老工人手里。

6. find +宾语+名词
You will find it a difficult book.
你将发现这是一本难懂的书。

You will find it a delightful place to stay.
你会发现这是个令人愉快的地方。

We all find him a very sensible man.
我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。

7. find +宾语+to be
This method was found to be practicable.
大家发现这方法很可行。

He measured the cloth and found it to be the exact size.
他量了一下布，发现大小正好合适。

I found him to be unassuming and easy to get along with.
我发现他没有架子，很好相处。

注：在find +宾语+to be…这一结构中，to be常可省略。

请简述英语中的独立主格结构并附上例句，谢谢啊。

[ 标签：独立主格, 结构, 例句] 高考乐Happy 2011-05-07 22:20
满意答案
一、独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，
可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

4. 名词(代词)+形容词
The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．
特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。

Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。

5. 名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。

The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。

6. 名词(代词)+名词
His first shot failure，he fired again．
他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。

Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．
每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。

三、with，without 引导的独立主格结构
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。

上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。

（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

（with+名词/代词+副词）
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

（with+名词/代词+介词短语）
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。

（with+名词/代词+形容词）
在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。

独立主格结构什么时候用
5 [ 标签：独立主格, 结构] 宁静致远 2008-06-21 16:35
独立主格结构应该在什么情况下用啊,最好有例句,谢谢
精华答案好评率：66%
独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。

如：
T he girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。

如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。

如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

5. 名词/主格代词+副词。

如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。

如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
什么是复合谓语（详细点）
50 [ 标签：复合谓语] 匿名 2011-03-22 18:44
满意答案好评率：100%
英语中系动词由三部分构成。

一是be动词am,is,are,was,were二是感官动词如taste,smell,sound,look,fell.三是趋势动词,如appear,become,get,turn.复合谓语有两种形式,一是情态动词+不带to的动词不定式,如you should do your homework as soon as you can二是个别情态动词+不定式,如seem to do,ought to do.
继续追问：许多带复合宾语的句子在变成被动结构后,也是复合谓语吗由连系动词加表语构成，也是复合谓语吗由情态动词和连系动词构成的吗，也是复合谓语吗
补充回答：英语的复合谓语常用的几种形式，都是近年高考的热点，同时又是教材中的难点和同学们的易错题。

本文就常用的几种形式作一浅析，以期对同学们复习和应考有所补益。

I.情态动词＋不定式
1.情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should都可与不定式的一般式连用，意思是“可能” 、“许可”、“必须”等。

如果要表示对现在或将来的推测时，情态动词的过去式与一般式在含义上并无多大区别，只是语气更为婉转。

例如：
(1)--Could I borrow your dictionary我可以借用你的辞典吗
--Yes,of course you can.(NMET94-23)可以，当然可以。

(2)If there were no examination,we should have a much happier time at school.(NMET94-30)要是不考试，我们在学校就会玩得更开心些。

,may,must和不定式的完成式连用，表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测，含义是“ 可能已经”，“或许已经”，“一定”等。

例如：
(3)Where is my penI must have lost it.(NMET92-35,SAM)我的钢笔在哪里我准是弄丢了。

(4)--Li Hua must have gone to Beijing.李华一定是去北京了。

－－No,he can't have gone saw him a minute ago.（’92江西省高考适应性试题）不，他不可能去北京，我刚才还看见过他呢。

,might,would,should,ought to,needn't和不定式的完成式连用，不仅可以表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测，而且还可以表示“本来可能”，“本来应该”完成而实际上并未完成的动作或状态与过去事实相反的假设，而needn't则表示本来不必实现而又完成了这样一种情况。

例如：
(5)I told Sally how to get here,but I perhaps should havewritten it out for her.(NMET94-16)我告诉塞丽怎样去那儿，或许我本来应该给她写清楚。

(6)Tom ought not to have told me your secret,but he meantnoherm.(MET93-15)汤姆本来不该把你的秘密告诉我，但是他没有恶意。

better,would rather和不定式连用，表示劝告或主观上做出选择，例如：(7)--Mum,I think I'm well enough to get back to school.妈，我想我已经恢复健康了，可以返回去上学了。

--Not really,my 'd better stay home for another day or two.(NMET93-38)你还没有真正康复呢，亲爱的，你最好是再在家里呆上一两天。

(8)--I'm what happened对不起，发生了什么事啦
--Well,I would rather not tell you.(SBII,p60)唔，我情愿不告诉你的好。

going to,be to,be about,be able to,be likely to,have to,happen to,seem to,appear to,u sed to,get to等结构和不定式连用的情况极为普遍，例如：(9)Is this the problem to be discussed at the meeting nextFriday（’92江西省高考预选及师范专科统招试题）这就是要在下周星期五的会上讨论的问题吗
(10)If city noises are not kept from infreasing,people will have to shout to be heard even a t the table 20 years from now.(MET92-31)如果不能制止市内噪音的增长，人们只好从现在起用二十年时间在会议桌边大声疾呼，以使人们听见他们的呼声。

Ⅳ.表示说话及心理状态的动词如
say,report,believe,suppose,think,know,consider等的被动结构后面常接
不定式，例如：
(11)I don't know the restaurant,but it's said to be quitea good
one.(NMET94-36)我不知道那家餐馆，但是据说它是满不错的一家餐馆。

(12)Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first conputer.(NMET93-15)人们普遍认为是查尔斯·贝贝治发明了第一台计算机。

(13)The new secretary is supposed to report to the manageras soon as she arrives.(MET90-16)新来的秘书一到就应该向经理报到。

Ⅴ.许多主动语态带复合宾语的动词构成被动语态后，补足语为带to的不定式、分词或形容词等，这也是一种复合谓语形式。

例如：
(14)John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET91-28)约翰被迫洗一周卡车作为惩罚。

(15)The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.(NMET94-25)上一次有人看见那些遗失孩子在河边玩。

(16)When the time comes,the cocoons are torn open by the aunt nueses.(SBI,p225)到时候蚕茧就被保育蚁撕开。

Ⅵ.“不及物动词＋表语”结构其中主语常是事物名词，谓语用主动形式表示被动意义。

表语用形容词，常见错误是用成副词。

例如：
1.谓语是某些表示知觉或感觉的动词如
feel,sound,taste,smell,look,seem,appear等。

(17)--Do you like the material你喜欢那材料吗
feels very soft.(NMET94-27)（不用softly）喜欢，它摸起来很柔软。

(18)These oranges taste good.(MET91-21)（不用well）这些橘柑味道鲜美。

2.表示从一种状态变为另一种状态的动词如
become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come,run等。

(19)--Can I join your club,Dad爸爸，我可以参加你们的俱乐部吗
--You can when get a bit older.(NMET94-15)你长大了就可以参加。

(20)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.(NMET92-35)使她有点忧虑的是她的头发正在变白。

3.表示保持某种状态的动词如
continue,remain,keep,prove,turnout,stand,sit,lie,stay等。

(21)Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.(MET90-27)汤姆对那一事件守口如瓶，以不致于丢掉饭碗。

(22)The Swede stood quite still.(SBI,p252)瑞典人一动不动地站着。

(23)The temperature stayed high this week.气温一直居高不下。

4.上述1-3项中只有appear,seem,prove,turn out等之后可以接“to be＋形容词”结构，其它则不能。

这又是易错题。

例如：
(25)The weather turned out to be very good,which was morethan we could expect.(NMET94-39)天气结果很晴朗，这是我们始料不及的。

(26)She appears to be very tired and sad.(SBI,p215)她看起来既疲备又悲伤。