《怎样教英语》读书笔记-第8章.how to teach writing
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第8章:如何教写作
(How to teach writing)
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【手写笔记】
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【读书笔记中英文对照】
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■8-1:为什么要教写作?(why teach writing?)
◆8-1-1:强化和巩固语言(reinforcement);
【1】→可视化的语言结构演示,对于学生理解语言如何组织在一起,以及帮
助学生记忆新的语言都是无价的。(the visual demonstration of language construction is invaluable for both our understanding of how it all fits together and as an aid to committing the new language to memory);
◆8-1-2:语言提升(language development);
【1】→写作过程有助于学习(process of writing helps to learn);
◆8-1-3:学习风格(learning style);
【1】→花费时间思考、缓慢输出语言都是无价的(the time to think
things through ;to produce language in a slower way is invaluable);
【2】→是一种安静的沉思活动(being a quiet reflective activity)
◆8-1-4:写作是一种技巧(writing as a skill);
【1】→基本的语言技能(a basic language skill);
【2】→和说、听、读同样重要(as important as speaking,listening and reading);
【会心之处】:在中学英语的实际教学中,写作教学其实一直处于被弱化的
地位。教材中所设计的写作模块,也往往得不到很好的关注和贯彻。学生的写
作水平,并没有随着英语学习水平的递进而不断提高,这是非常值得反思的。
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■8-2:学生该进行何种写作?(what kind of writing should students do?)
◆8-2-1:取决于年纪、兴趣和语言水平(depending on age,interests and level);
◆8-2-2:学生所掌握的语言水平(what language students have at their command);
◆8-2-3:用语言可以做什么?(what can be achieved with language);
◆8-2-4:提供给学生模仿的范例要根据学生的能力而定(the models we
give students to imitate will be chosen according to their
abilities);
◆8-2-5:让学生进行大量生活化写作练习(getting students writing in a number of common everyday styles):
【1】→明信片、各种书信、填表,如工作申请、记叙文写作、报告、报刊文
章(writing postcards,letters of various kinds;filling in forms such as job applications;writing narrative compositions,reports,newspaper and magazine articles);
【2】→对话、剧本、广告或诗歌(dialogues,playscripts,advertisements,or poems);
◆8-2-6:学生兴趣(students’ interests);
◆8-2-7:针对混合型的学生群体(for more mixed group);
【1】→普遍型的写作任务(generally useful writing tasks);
【2】→学生乐意做的活动(enjoyable);
◆8-2-8:写作类型无限制(no limit to the kinds of text for writing);
【1】→学生的语言掌握量(how much language the students know);
【2】→学生兴趣所在(what students’ interests are);
【3】→写作任务既要实用,还要能够激发学生(what we think will not
only be useful but also motivate them);
【会心之处】: 学生的写作训练,要坚持关注学生的语言水平,关注学生的兴
趣方向,坚持面向日常生活的实用目的。善于从生活中寻找素材,寻找灵感。
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■8-3:(what do writing sequences look like?)
◆8-3-1:范例1:明信片--初级(postcards,elementary);
【1】→学生看明信片(students look at postcards);