物流英语text1text
7物流英语课文正文
第一单元General Introduction to logistics物流概论Logistics is a unique global “pipeline” that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and service to customers the world over.Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby. However, when it comes to modern logistics，most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is.Modern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society, which may include but by no means is limited to:Packaging warehousing material handling inventory transport forecasting strategic planning and customer servicePackaging is the outer wrapping of a product. It is the intended purpose of the packaging to make a product readily sellable as well as to protect it against damage and prevent it from deterioration when in stock.Furthermore, packaging is often the most relevant element of a trademark and conduces to advertising or communication.Warehousing is sometimes needed, and can be provided, to complement inbound and outbound transportation services. There are 4 distinct types of warehousing available, depending upon load content: for finished goods; for raw materials; for consumer fulfillment; and for vendor-managed inventory (VMI).Material handling is any kind of methods for moving material. Material can be moved directly by people lifting the items or using hand carts, slings and other handling accessories (manual lifting and handling). Material can also be moved by people using machines such as cranes, forklift trucks, and other lifting fixtures (mechanical lifting).Inventory is a detailed list of all the items in stock,such as a company’s merchandise, raw materials, and finished and unfinished products which have not yet been sold.Transport is the movement of people, goods, signals and information from one place to another. Forecasting is to estimate the likelihood of an event taking place in the future, based on available data from the past.Strategic planning is planning which focuses on longer-range objectives and goals. It is essentially direction setting and often focuses on new products and new markets.Customer service is the set of behaviors that a business undertakes during its interaction with its customers. It can also refer to a specific person or desk, which is set up to provide general assistance to customers.A systematic definition of logistics is supplied by the Council of Logistics Management: “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information form the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.” Although this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics, it does reflect the need for total movement management form point of material procurement to location of finished product distribution第二单元An Important Factor 一个重要因素It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.As industrial products are not the key factors in planning a physical distribution strategy, they will not be mentioned in this text.An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it. And this is what logistics is chiefly concerned with. Products are of any value when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer. Thus, we should make an analysis of products, depending on who uses them and how they are used.Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers.According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories: convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping. Typical products are banking services, tobacco item, and many foodstuffs. These products generally require wide distribution through many outlets. Distribution costs are typically high but are more than justified by the increased sales potential that is brought about by this wide and extensive distribution. Customer service levels, as expressed in terms of product availability and accessibility, must be high to encourage any reasonable degree of customer patronage for the products.Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seed and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation. Typical products in this category are fashion clothes, automobiles, home furnishings, and medical care. Because of the customer’s willingnes s to shop around, an individual supplier may stock goods or offer services in only a few outlets in a given market area. Distribution costs for such suppliers aresomewhat lower than for convenience products, and product distribution need not be as widespread.Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them. Buyers seek out particular types and brands of goods and services. Examples can be any type of goods ranging from fine foods to custom-made automobiles or a service such as management consulting advice. Because buyers insist on particular brands, distribution is centralized and customer service levels are not as high as those for convenience and shopping products. Physical distribution costs can be the lowest of any product category. Because of this, many firms will attempt to create brand preference for their product line.第三单元Transportation 运输Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for one-third to two-thirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to the users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their combinations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characteristics. These distinguish one transport service from another, and it is what a user buys from the transportation system. The cost characteristics vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures. Rates are based primarily on three factors ---- distance, shipment size, and competition. On the other hand, carrier performance is based on the extent of shipment handling at terminals and inherent speed of the carrier. It is adequately described in terms of average transit time, transit-time variability, and loss and damage.Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.One kind of cost is what is called variable costs. They are those costs that change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity during a time period. Variable costs can be avoided only by not operating the vehicle. Aside form exceptional circumstances, transport rates must at least cover variable costs. The variable category includes direct carrier costs associated with movement of each load. These expenses are generally measured as a cost per mile or per unit of weight. Typical cost component s in this category include labor, fuel and maintenance. On a per mile basis, truck load carrier’s variable costs range from $0.75 to $1.50 per vehicle mile. As explained in any elementary economics text, it is not possible for any carrier to charge below its variable cost and expect to remain in business.International transportation is an area of growing interest and concern to the logistician. The transportation equipment is the same as that used domestically, with the exception that certain elements ofthe transport system have become more important. For example, containerization is popular in international movement. The user of the international transportation system may feel overwhelmed by the increased documentation, by differences in carrier liability, by various customs procedures and the use of foreign trade zones. Fortunately, there exist middlemen, agents, freight forwarders, and brokers to assist the shipper with international movement.第四单元Logistics Strategy 物流战略Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are. If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost.On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest. The logic behind it is that the cash to replace capital invested in inventory can be purchased in the money market.In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory level on a specific day of the year.Insurance cost is a direct levy normally based on estimated risk or exposure over time.Obsolescence means the deterioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.The storage cost incurs in respect of product holding, whether you store the goods in a public warehouse, rented private warehouse or a warehouse you own yourself. The cost, which can well amount to over 37% of the total logistics cost, results in the necessity of making plans for inventory.The plan should be able to answer three basic questions: when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.For the time being we are concerned only with the question of how much to order. The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one-half the order quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.In the figure, the point where the curve of dashes crosses with the straight is the point for most economical number of orders.第五单元Packaging 包装Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. Generally speaking, consumer packaging, which mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it, is of little value to logistics operation. But industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics.Industrial packaging should perform the following functions to meet integrated logistics requirements.First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation. Damage caused by vibration, impact, puncture or compression can happen whenever a package is being transported. Hence, package design and material must combine to achieve the desired level of protection without incurring the expense of over protection. It is possible to design a package that has the correct material content but does not provide a necessary protection. Arriving at a satisfactory solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall conditions (because in most cases, the cost of absolute protection will be prohibitive) and then isolating a combination of design and material capable of meeting those specifications.Second, it should promote logistical efficiency. Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities. For example, the size, shape and type of packaging material influence the type and amount of material handling equipment as well as how goods are stored in the warehouse. Likewise, package size and shape affects loading, unloading, and the transporting of a product. The easier it is to handle a product, the lower the transportation rate. Hence, it the package is designed for efficient logistical processing, overall system performance will benefit.T he third important logistical packaging function is communication or information transfer. To identify package contents for receiving, order selection and shipment verification, etc., is the most obvious communication role of packaging. Typical information includes manufacturer, product, container type, count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number. Ease of package tracking is also important. Effective internal operation and a growing number of customers require that product be tracked as it moves through the logistics channel. This can be realized by the extensive use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFI), a computer chip embedded in the package, container, or vehicle to allow the container and contents to be scanned and verified as it passes checkpoints in the distribution facility and transportation gateway. The final communication role of logistics packaging is to provide instructions as to how to handle the cargo and how to prevent possible damage. For instance, if the product is potentially dangerous, such as fireworks and table tennis balls, the packaging or accompanying material should provide instructions for avoiding moisture, vibration and heating, etc., as the case may be.第六单元Purchasing采购Every organization, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer, buys materials, services, and supplies from outside suppliers to support its operation. For most organizations, supply management means purchasing. In many firms, purchasing has been seen as a clerical activity. However, the emergence of the supply chain management concept has enlightened many managers about the strategic role played by purchasing.Purchasing contributes to the firm’s efficiency and effectiveness in many ways. First, it helps to determine a firm’s cost structure. Purchased goods and services are one of the largest elements of costs for many firms. In the average manufacturing firm in North America, purchased goods and services account for approximately 55 cents of every sales dollar. By way of contrast, the average expense of direct labor in the manufacturing process accounts for only about 10 cents of every sales dollar. While the percentage spent on purchased inputs does vary considerably across organizations, it is clear that the potential savings form strategic management of purchasing are considerable. Therefore, managers with good negotiating shills and strong relationships with suppliers can save their organizations large sums relative to the competition. And identifying the right production equipment and buying it at a good price can create competitive cost advantages that last for many years.Second, good purchasing practices avoid operational problems. Stockouts of raw materials or component parts can shut down a production plant. The quality of finished goods and services is obviously dependent upon the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items. If poor-quality components and materials are used, then the final product will not meet customer’s quality standards. While avoiding these problems may not lead to operational effectiveness, operational effectiveness is impossible if these problems arise.Without effective purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may fall, and long-term customer relationship may be damaged. Before any product can be manufactured, supplies meeting certain conditions must be available. Fortunately, progressive managers have recognized these potential contributions of purchasing and have taken the necessary steps to ensure results. The most important single step in successful organizations has been the elevation to top executive status of the purchasing manager. This, coupled with high-caliber staff and the appropriate authority and responsibility, has resulted in an exciting and fruitful realization of the potential of the purchasing contribution.第七单元Information信息Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides the facts that supply chain managers use to make decisions. Without information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information, a manager can only make decisions blindly.Supply chain managers use information to make many important decisions relating to each of the supply chain drivers. Setting inventory levels requires downstream information form customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability, and information on current inventory levels, costs, and margins. Determining transportation policies requires information on customers, suppliers, routes, costs, times, and quantities to be shipped. Facility decisions require information on demand and suppliers, as well as information on capacities, revenues, and costs within the company.Managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where information technology comes into play. Information technology (IT) consists of the hardware and software used throughout a supply chain to gather and analyze information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and delivering the information necessary to make a good decision. For instance, an IT system at a personal computer (PC) manufacturer may tell a manager how many Pentium IV chips are in stock to put into newly made PCs. IT is also used to analyze the information and recommend an action. In this role, a manager at a PC manufacturer can take the number of chips in inventory, look at demand forecast, and determine whether to order more chips form Intel.第八单元Supply Chain供应链Supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers, etc, that supply to each other raw material, components, products and service. Supply chain management means the design planning and control of the goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.While logistics is not a new thing, supply chain management is comparatively a new idea it was first put forward in the 1980s on the basis of experience and lessons from the past practice.Ford Motor Company is a case in point Henry Ford envisaged a totally self-sufficient industrial empire. In River Rouge just southwest of Detroit, Ford developed a huge manufacturing complex that included an inland port and an intricate network of rail and road transportation. Ford’s objective was control. To achieve this goal, he set out to develop the world’s first complex vertically integrated firm.To ensure a reliable supply of materials Ford invested in coalmines, iron-ore deposits, timberlands, glass factories, and even land to grow soybeans used to manufacture paint. Ford’s commitment to self-sufficiency extended’ to buying 2.5 million acres in Brazil to develop a rubber plantation he calledFordlandia. Ford’s imagination knew no bound. He even ordered a huge quantity of potatoes from South America to explore the possibility of extracting alcohol in, of course, one of his laboratories, hoping that alcohol would one day replace gasoline.Ford’s desire for control went beyond material and components. To transport materials to River Rouge and finished product to dealers he invested in railroads, trucks and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels. The idea was to control all aspects of inventory moving from a network of over forty manufacturing, service, and assembly plants throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Unites Kingdom, and South Africa to dealers throughout the globe.This was clearly one of the most ambitious vertical integration schemes, and Ford found he needed help. At the peak of Ford’s vertical extension the firm faced economic, regulatory, and labor union barriers that eventually required products and services to be provided by a network of independent suppliers. The key to effective marketing was finally found by developing g strong network of independent dealers. As time passed, Ford discovered that specialized, firms could perform most essential work as well as or better than his own bureaucracy. In fact, these specialists often outperformed Ford’s own units with respect to quality and cost. Entrepreneurial firms soon became contributors to Ford’s network. Over time, the Ford strategy shifted from ownership-based control to one of orchestrating channel relationships. The financial resources at Ford were shifted to developing and maintaining core manufacturing competencies Ford found out that in the final analysis, no firm can be self-sufficient.In the later part of the 20th century, Ford Motor Company began to rely on specialist logistics companies for logistics service.Ford Fleet, for example, has been outsourcing its logistics from Exel, a world class leader in supply chain solutions, since 1986, as Ford Fleet found its transport cost was rising while profit diminished.The problem with Ford at that time was that it had come under increasing pressure from industry over awareness. Ford’s purpose was to cut costs from the global supplier base, while expanding its role as a consumer organization.With Exel’s support, Ford has realized significant benefits throughout its corporate sales divisions. This has included a 19% reduction in transportation costs over a period of four years. Proactive fleet management has produced a six-figure saving and has increased the overall utilization and therefore the in-service potential of the demonstration fleet. Equipping drivers with mobile phones has led to a reduction in aborted journeys from 7% to 2%. This produces a saving in terms of driver time and delivered miles on the vehicle, The financial savings for Ford from the efficiency actions taken by Exelhave been complemented by an increase in the service levels to Ford’s customers. Exel is continuously improving the service offering through constant evaluation, development and innovation.第九单元Maritime Transportation 海上运输Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service. There are two types of shipping markets, the liner market and the tramp market.A far greater amount of cargo is shipped by bulk carriers, which can be chartered on the tramp market on a time basis or on voyage basis. A considerable amount of cargo is shipped by huge container ships running on fixed lines around the world. As far as outbound flow of products from manufacturers is concerned, container ships are usually most frequently used.When you need to send cargo to a buyer overseas according to a sales contract, you must, after you have completed the necessary documentation for insurance, cargo survey, etc. as per the clauses in the Letter of Credit, book space on a ship either by yourself or via a freight forwarder. If you decide to book the space yourself, you can go to a shipping company or simply go on the Internet, find the website of the carrier you want, and book the space there. In either case, you have to fill up what is commonly referred to as Booking Note, which is of the ten copies designed for use in different related sectors in the shipping procedures, such as the cargo owners, the ship agent, the container yard, the port authorities for the port dues and port charges, the ship, the dock, and the Customs House.Then, when the shipping company accepts your space-booking, you will receive a Container Load Plan in due course as shown in Figure 9-1. The Container Load Plan is of five copies which will be given to the terminal, the carrier, the ship agent, the shipper and the party that load your container on board the ship.At the same time, the shipping company will make a stowage plan for the ship, which decides the specific location for each container in the holds, taking into consideration of the weight, its destination and the ship’s specifications.When your cargo is stuffed into a container, it is hauled to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board the ship according to the stowage plan. When this is done, the First Mate would sign a Mate’s Receipt (Figure 9_2). This document is very important, as the shipping company will issue the bill of Lading according to the statements on it.You can now take the Bill of Lading (Figure 9-3) (three originals and, as sometimes you can request, three copies) together with all the documents required by the Letter of Credit to the negotiating bank to exchange for money from the buyer.第十单元Third-Party Logistics第三方物流One of the major functions of Third-Party Logistics TPL companies is known as supply chain management, the process that integrates co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials, finished inventory and related information from suppliers through companies to meet consumer requirements.The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce overall costs, minimize lead time, minimize inventory levels and cost, improve service level and streamline goods and information flows. TPL functions as the expertise in providing client with professional operation to achieve the above-mentioned goals. With the increasing competition in the market, the service providers have to obtain a solid footing in the industry by providing differentiated products such as consolidation warehouses, consistent customer relationships, upstream management and visibility, innovation, global network, etc.It has become a global trend for TPL to apply technology to achieve an integrated process. Adopting sophisticated technologies is not just about reducing labor costs, but also about greater visibility, improving customer service and using information more effectively to figure out things like trends and supplier performance.One of the value adding services provided by TPL could be its IT system. Purchase orders will be placed online and licked up online by vendors. They will then produce the merchandise that will then be passed to the logistics company. It is a kind of system that will reduce the order-to-shelf time even further and lead to essential cost efficiencies.Most TPL companies tailor their requirements of their customers, such as providing global reach for a client. Take Maersk Logistics and Federated for example. Being Federated’s global one-stop-shop provider for all ocean-going shipments, Maersk Logistics works with Federated from the moment one of its divisions places an order right through to the company’s distribution center.Local service is another selling point of TPL supply chain management.Efficient trucking service, computerized warehouse system together with customized operation are essential to upgrading the service level of TPL company.All in all, while supply chain management of TPL Company, a key for a continued growth of international trade, has large potentiality for further development, it has a long way to go before reaping a greater success.。
物流英语(第一篇第一单元)
背景知识：
物流是指以满足顾客需求为目的，考虑成本和效益的物 质资料从供给者到需求者的实体性移动, 是创造时间效用和 空间效用的经济活动。我国国家标准《物流术语》（GB/T 18354-2006）对物流的定义是：物品从供应地向接收地的 实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、搬运、装卸、 包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。 1.物流的研究对象是贯穿流通领域和生产领域的一切物 料流以及有关的信息流，研究目的是对其进行科学规划、管 理与控制，使其高效率、高效益地完成预定的服务目标。 2.物流的活动范围及其广泛，既包括原材料与供应阶段 的物流，也包括生产阶段的物流、销售阶段的物流．退货阶 段的物流及废弃物处理的物流等整个生产、流通、消费过程 的全部物流活动。
《物流英语》课件 Unit 1 Overview of Logistics
logistics involves order management, packaging, transportation, warehousing, materials handling, etc.
Three Major Functions of Logistics
Creating time value. Creating location value. Distribution processing value.
2. A: I’m a little nervous about the interview. B: Please be relaxed . You are always very good! A: Will they recruit（招聘） only male staff? B: I don’t think so. Successful organizations are recruiting a variety of people for their logistics management positions because diversity gives them an edge in the highly competitive global marketplace.
【Learning Objectives】
1. To understand the definition of logistics. 2. To know the major functions of logistics. 3. To learn the main activities in logistics system.
有时，物流活动也能创造流通加工价值，这种流通加 工主要改变商品的长度、厚度和包装形态。
物流英语unit one(Logistics and Supply Chain)
• Text: Logistics and the Components of a Logistics System • Introduction Birth of logistics • The birth of logistics can be traced back to ancient war times of Greek and Roman empires when military officers titled as 'Logistikas' were assigned the duties of providing services related to supply and distribution of resources.
Packaging focuses on protecting the product while it is beቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱng shipped and stored. And it can also convey important Information to the customers.
Unit one
Logistics and Supply Chain
Part I Components of a Logistics System
• Lead In Do you know how roast ducks from Beijing appear in American supermarkets? And why people can buy French perfume in china?
What are the Components of Logistics?
• The activities related to logistics include: storage, inventory, packaging, materials handling, communication, site selection, transportation and so on. • More specifically, the logistics system consists of the following components (see Figure 1.1): Customer service, Inventory management, Transportation, Storage and materials handling, Packaging, Information processing, Demand forecasting, Production planning, Purchasing, Facility location and other activities.
物流概论英语ppt
Text 1 Transportation Mode
【Para 1】What is transportation（什么是运输？） Every firm requires the movement of goods from the point to another point. Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption. It can involve raw materials being brought into the production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer. Transportation is one of the most significant areas of logistics management. Railway, road, waterway, air, and pipeline transportation make up the major modes of transport in modern society. Each mode has its own requirements and features. In the following paragraphs we look at some of the different characteristics of each transport mode.
Text 1 Transportation Mode
【Para 2】Railway Transportation（铁路运输） Rail offers cost-effective transport of large quantities of cargos over long distance. It is especially good for cargoes with high volume and low value, such as coal, timber and grain. Over the past years rail usage has declined as road transport has taken over short haul business and water transport has taken bulk commodities freight. Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient modes of land transport. Environmental and safe consideration also favor rail over road transport.
物流英语text1 & text2
4. First, logistics is a process of “plan, implement, and control.” Of particular importance is the word “and”, which suggests that logistics should be involved in all three activities, planning, implementing, controlling—not just one or two. 首先，物流是“计划、执行与控制”的过程。
Demand forecasting
Demand forecasting refers to efforts to estimate product demand in a future time period.
Question: Why demand forecasting is important for a company?
Analysis of logistics definition(1)
logistics is a process of “plan, implement, and control”
That means—logistics should be involved in all three activities, planning, implementing, controlling—not just one or two.
Notes:
1. Logistics is a hot topic in China and the whole world. Although it is anything but a newborn baby, lots of people still have limited awareness of, and knowledge about logistics. 物流是一个中 国乃至全世界的热门话题。虽然它已经不是一个 新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。
教学物流英语第一章
1.1.2 Origins and Definition of Logistics
(1) In Chinese Logistics Terms, logistics means the physical movement of goods from the supplier point to the receiver point. Based on practical need, integrated organically the variety of the basic functional activities including transportation, storage, loading and unloading, package, distribution and information management, etc. （Other activities such as waste disposal, return goods handling, etc. are also important.）
from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirement.” So far, many definitions of logistics have been proposed. The flowing basic definition will be extended and developed as the logistics practice progress, but it makes and adequate starting point.
物流英语 unit 1
Logistics (military definition):
The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces… Those aspects of military operations that deal with the design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of material; movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities; and acquisition of furnishing of services.
补充
Logistics (business definition): Logistics defined as business- planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in today’s business environment.
《物流英语》(刘桂华、陈青玲、谭明霞)295-6课件 U
3. In a traditional adversarial relationship between buyer and seller, each party sees himself as being in competition with the other.
4. The buyer wants to buy cheap, but the seller wants to sell dear. Therefore, haggling（讨价还价） is a common occurrence.
The Importance of Purchasing
• Firstly, purchasing cost is one of the largest parts of total cost for many companies.
• Secondly, Good purchasing practices will improve the quality of the companies’ output.
5. If it is necessary, we are also in a position to act as your purchasing agent on a commission basis.
Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.
【Learning Objectives】
1. To understand the definition of purchasing.
2. To know the importance of purchasing. 3. To know the factors in purchasing strategy. 4. To learn the processes of purchasing, and then describe them with your own words.
物流英语unit 1
• 遇到某些词一时无法确定词义，如： Average ，常用的词义是“平均的”，但 是在海洋运输中它有海损的意思，如 general average 共同海损,average clause 海损条款。
物流专业英语词汇的特s:不是小生意而要译成精益
of logistics management?
New Words and Phrases
1.new words Logistics ; evolve ; integrate ;
2.构词法：a.名词后缀-tion,-sion b.动词后缀-ize:表示使成为；表示使…化
• Realize,organize,popularize,finalize,econo mize,industrialize,centrlize,modernize,reco lutionize,mechanize,cognize,capitalize.civil ize,criticize,advertize and so.
• Container number list= list of container number集装 箱号码单
物流专业英语词汇的特点
• 五、广用缩略词
• 每个领域、行业、学科都有自己的一套特定的缩 写词，甚至在同一个行业中同样的缩写词也会代 表不同的含义，物流专业英语也不例外。
• CRP:continuous replenishment program,连续 库存补充计划
Text 1 What is Logistics
【Para 1】The Definition of Logistics（物 流的概念） 1. There are various definitions of different edition. But in general, there are mainly two types of definition in practice.
《物流英语》课件 王巍 (1)[24页]
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Learning points
To know the origin of logistics To understand the definition of logistics To discuss the importance of logistics To list different activities of logistics and understand the
Domestic logistics (国内物流)
The nature of the logistics system (物流系统的性质)
Societal logistics (社会物流)
Enterprise logistics (企业物流)
The functions of the The objectives of its
relationships between them
Text A What is logistics
The scope of the logistics
(物流的范围) Macro logistics
(宏观物流)
Micro logistics (微观物流)
International logistics (国际物流)
Text A What is logistics
2. The definition of logistics
The names of the Council of Logistics Management have changed many times, which are as followed:
(第二方物流)
Unit5 packaging物流专业英语 包装
Text 1 Introduction of Packaging
【Para 2】Package（包装） A primary package provides means of protection and handling to a product. General term for the total of the means and procedures is applied by the packaging economy to fulfill the task of packaging. Many terms: i.e. acknowledged package, permanent package, one-way package, export package, customary package, consumer package, storage package, multi-way package, multiuse package, standard package, sea-worthy package, transport package.
Smith：What are your conditions, Mr. Lin, as far as packaging is concerned? Lin：Well, as you know, we have definite ways of packing silk stockings for sea shipment. As a rule, we use polythene wrapper for each article, all ready for shelf selling.
Text 1 Introduction of Packaging
教学物流英语第一章
Originally, logistics is a military term, first used in the Napoleonic era. Logistics, as a military term, is defined as the art of moving armies and keeping them supplied. There are various definitions of different edition afterwards But in general, there are mainly two types of definition in practice.
organically the variety of the basic functional activities including transportation, storage, loading and unloading, package, distribution and information management, etc. （Other activities such as waste disposal, return goods handling, etc. are also important.）
物流英语unit1
Logistics (military definition):
The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces… Those aspects of military operations that deal with the design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of material; movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities; and acquisition of furnishing of services.
Logistics English
Unit 1 Introduction to Logistics
Text 1 What is Logistics Text 2 Activities in Logistics System
Text 1 What is Logistics
New Words and Phrases
container transportation warehouse consolidation freight forward
n. 集装箱 n. 运输 v. 仓储，储存 n. 集货，配货 n. 运输，运费 v. 发送，递送
物流英语(1-5章)课文翻译
第一章1.1为了避免潜在的误解对物流的意义，这本书采用目前定义由议会颁布的物流管理，是世界上最突出的物流专业组织之一。
据机CLM，“物流是供应链过程的一部分，计划，实施和控制的高效率，有效正向和反向流动和货物，服务存储和原产地之间的点和消费点的相关信息为了满足客户的需求“。
这个定义需要在更详细分析。
首先，物流供应链过程的一部分。
现在的关键是，物流是一个更大的意义上图片的一部分，供应链上各业务功能（如营销，生产和财务）内和跨组织的协调的重点。
事实上，物流。
即明确为物流的供应链可以实现的目标和目标的一部分公认的事实。
机CLM的定义还指出，物流“的计划，实施和控制。
尤其重要”这个词的，这表明物流应参与所有三个活动-规划，实施，控制，而不只是一两个。
有人提出，但是，物流更比在某些后勤政策，规划的实施。
请注意，机CLM的定义也提到了“高效率和有效的正向和反向的流动和存储。
”一般来说，效果可以被认为是“如何做了公司做他们说他们怎么办呢？”举例说，如果一家公司承诺，所有订单将在24小时内收到，那么订单的比例实际上是在24小时内发货收到发货？相比之下，效率可以被认为是如何（或不好）的公司资源用于做到一公司承诺可以做关于正向和反向流动，仓储，物流一直在关注着流动和存储，也就是朝着针对这些消费点。
然而，物流学科已经认识到逆向流动和储存（）逆向物流，它产生于消费一点的重要性。
逆向物流也可能在未来得到更多的重视，因为网上购物往往比其他类型的采购大老更高的回报。
机CLM的定义还指出，物流涉及的流动和“货物，服务和相关信息的存储。
”事实上，在当代，物流既是对信息的流动和储存的营商环境，由于它是关于流动和储存货物。
信息技术的进步使得越来越容易，成本低的公司来取代库存信息。
考虑美国海军陆战队的目标是取代库存信息，使他们不会储存在战场附近吨物资。
这就是武装德福塞斯在海湾战争时，却发现他们无法保持在什么容器，甚至没有使用的许多项目跟踪最后，机CLM的定义表明，这对物流的目的是“满足客户的需求。
物流英语课件第1章
目录
• Logistics English Case Analysis
• Practical Application of Logistics English
目录
01
Overview of Logistics
English
The Definition and Importance of Logistics English
Logistics English Courseware Chapter 1
• Overview of Logistics English • Basic Vocabulary of Logistics
English • Common Sentence Patterns
and Expressions in Logistics English
Data elements
order entry, inventory levels, shipping status
Communication tools
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Advanced Shipping Notice (ASN), Radio Frequency Identificatisulting and Education: Professionals in logistics consulting and education using Logistics English to advise clients on best practices, develop training materials, and teach courses on logistics related topics
• Answering about costs: "The estimated cost for transporting these goods is..." or "Here is a detailed cost breakdown for each transportation method."
物流英语 第一章
• Return goods handling: Returns may take place because of a problem with the performance of the item or simply because the customer changed mind. Return goods handling is complex and costly. • Reverse logistics: Reverse logistics is involved in removal and disposal of waste materials left over from the production, distribution, or packaging processes.
• Demand forecasting/planning: Logistics usually becomes involved in forecasting how much should be ordered from its suppliers, and how much of finished product should be transported or held in each market. In some firms, logistics may even plan production. • Inventory management: Inventory management involves the balance of the level of inventory held to achieve high customer service levels with the cost of holding inventory. •
01《物流专业英语》--Unit-1-What-is-logistics-qq
The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
一般来说, 商品/产品的流转需遵循典型的供应链模式（见图1）。
Manufacturer 厂家
Distributor 配送商
Wholesaler 批发商
End consumer 最终客户
Figure 1 A typical supply chain 图1 典型的供应链
Retailer (Supermarket) 零售商（超市）
流通是把商品/产品（半成品或成品）移动到不同地点或客户的 行为或过程。通常来说, 制造厂商把重心放在生产上, 而物 流公司则从事商品的流通。
Figure 3 Scope of logistics activities 图3 物流活动的范围
All facets of logistics 物流面面观
From a wider perspective, we can conclude that logistics is or is about:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择:
• go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or
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Analysis of logistics definition(4)
Finally, the definition indicates that the purpose of logistics is to meet customer requirements.
This implies that logistics strategies and plans should be based upon customer wants and needs.
Advances in information technology make it increasingly easy—and less costly—for companies to obtain important information to make logistical decision.
be aware of something：意识到
effective-how well a company does what they promised to do.
efficient-how well company resources are used to achieve what they promised to do.
Analysis of logistics definition(3)
Analysis of logistics definition(1)
logistics is a process of “plan, implement, and control”
That means—logistics should be involved in all three activities, planning, implementing, controlling—not just one or two.
Notes:
1. Logistics is a hot topic in China and the whole world. Although it is anything but a newborn baby, lots of people still have limited awareness of, and knowledge about logistics. 物流是一个中 国乃至全世界的热门话题。虽然它已经不是一个 新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。
Logistics is much more than flow of goods.
Definition provided by CSCMP (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals )
Definition of logistics
logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements.
Key terms
Logistics 物流 logistics management 物流管理 Council of Supply Chain Management
Professionals (CSCMP) 美国供应链管理专业委员会 flow and storage of goods 物品的流动和存储 plan, implement and control 计划，实行和控制 customer requirements 客户需求
Learning objective
To understand the definition of logistics To learn the activities in logistical system To know about logistics career
Text One: Logistics : what it is
Logistics is a hot topic in China and the ole world. Although it is anything but a newborn baby, lots of people have limited awareness of, and knowledge about logistics.
involves the flow and storage of “goods, services, and related information.”
That means—logistics is as much about the flow and storage of information as it is about the flow and storage of goods.
Chapter one Overview of Logistics
Text 1: Logistics : what it is Text 2: Activities in the logistical System Supplementary reading: Career in Logistics
Analysis of logistics definition(2)
efficient and effective flow and storage Question: what is the differences between
these two words “efficient” and “effective”?