同义句转换

同义句转换
同义句转换的几种类型
初中英语同义句转换的九种类型
❖同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：
一、运用同义词（组）进行转换
❖做此题型时，我们可以采用“词语替代法”，此法是指用词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行简单的替代，而句子结构保持不变。

因此，我们在学习过程中要掌握尽可能多的同义词（组），如：be able to，can；arrive in（at），reach，get to；be good at，do well in；have a good time，enjoy oneself；look after，take care of；over，more than等等。

具体运用时，还要注意它们在句中的位置，形式与转换后句中其他部分的相应变化。

例如：
❖ 1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
❖分析：答案为everywhere。

everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。

❖2.Every day,Wang Zhizhi receives emails from thousands of basketball fans．
Every day,Wang Zhizhi _______ ______ thousands of basketball fans．
❖分析：答案为hears from意思为收到
❖3．They will get to London in four days．
They will _____ _____ London in four days．
❖分析：答案为arrive in
❖2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.
❖分析：答案为looks after。

take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换
❖即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。

❖英语中有些反义词（组）具有非此即彼的排它性。

因此其否定式与其对应的反义词（组）同义。

如：same与different
not same＝ different ，not different=same ，所以此类反义词（组）的否定式可以用于同义转换。

另外，用反义词（组）替换，要注意上下句主语间的互换。

例如：
❖1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this vi sit is not the___ ___last time.
❖分析：答案为same as。

be different from意为“与……不同”；the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。

❖ 2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
❖分析：答案为don’t，more。

less important的意思是“没有（不及）……重要”；more important的意思是“（比）……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。

❖另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。

如：
1. He lent some money to his friend.
His friend ___ some money ___ him.
❖分析：答案为borrowed，from。

borrow…from意为“向……借……”；lend…to意为“把……借给……”。

两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。

❖2．Tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now．
The boy ______ a picture book _______ Tom just now．
❖lent；to
❖ 3．The runner couldn‘t catch up with the others in the race．
The runner _____ ____ the others in the race．
❖fell behind
三、运用不同语态进行转换
❖即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。

如：
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
❖分析：答案为be given back。

被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

❖2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
❖分析：答案为are，used。

computers是复数名词，助动词用are。

❖3.Your classroom must be cleaned every day．
You _______ _______ your classroom every day．
❖答案：must clean
四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
❖即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，瞬间动词 come，go，leave，buy，die，begin，borrow…）的过去时与含有段时间状语的完成时的变化,注意时态的变化。

如：
❖1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
❖分析：答案为has been away。

leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。

❖2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
❖分析：答案为on for。

has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

❖3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
❖答案：has been in。

短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a me mber in…。

五、运用不同引语进行转换
❖即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。

此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。

如：
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He _____ me that he ____ ____ his wallet.
❖分析：答案为told，had found。

此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。

❖ 2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。

此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
❖复合句转化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。

常见的转换方法有：（1）用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词性短语替换；（2）将宾语从句简化为“疑问词＋不定式”；（3）将so…that…（such…that…）引导的状语从句简化为含有too…to…（或enough to）的简单句；（4）if引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and（or）＋句子”。

❖1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
❖分析：答案为because of。

将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。

❖2. H e was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
❖分析：答案为too excited to。

将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

❖3. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
❖分析：答案为after using。

即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

❖4．I hope that I can see you soon．
I hope _______ _______ you soon．答案：to see
❖5．Please tell me where we show our tickets.
Please tell me _______ _______ _______ our tickets．分析：答案为where to show
❖6．If you don‘t hurry up ,you’ll miss the early bus．
_______ _______ ， _______ you won‘t _____ the early bus．
❖分析：答案为Hurry up；or；catch
❖简单句变为复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或“情态动词＋动词原形”的形式。

例如：
7.Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
Could you tell me how _______ _______ ____ to the post office？
❖I can get
❖8. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
❖分析：答案为how you can。

即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
❖即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。

如：
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus
____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
❖分析：答案为If，don’t。

if引导条件状语从句。

❖2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
❖分析：答案为who/ that，will give。

who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
❖即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。

此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not onl y…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。

即就近原则。

如：
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
❖分析：答案填Neither，nor。

neither…nor…表示“……和……（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

❖2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
❖分析：答案为Both，and。

both…and…的意思是“……和……（两者）都”。

3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
❖分析：答案为not only，but also。

表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

❖4．He hasn‘t been to France．
She hasn’t been to France，either．
_______ he _______ she _______ been to France．
❖
答案：Neither；nor；has
❖5．Mrs.Smith is my teacher.She is also my good friend．
Mrs．Smith is _______ _______ my teacher _______ _______ my good friend．
❖答案：not only； but also
❖6．The room isn‘t very big．It can’t hold a lot of people．
This room isn‘t_______ _______ _______ hold so many people．
❖答案：big enough to
九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
❖该类题型是指利用意义相同或相近，但结构不同的句型、句式来表达同一句意的方法。

此类变化常见的句型有：（1）not as…(+原级）as…与比较级（…than…)的变化；（2）than any other与最高级的变化；（3）when（after ，before）引导的从句与not…until…的变化；（4）cost，spend on与pay for的变化等等。

（5）so do I等
❖这类典型结构如。

如：
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
❖分析：答案为so do。

句意为“……他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。

❖ 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
❖分析：答案为didn’t，until。

not…until意为“直到……才”。

❖3．She spent 30dollars on the English- Chinese dictionary．
The English-Chinese dictionary ____ _____ 30 dollars．
❖cost her
❖4．How clever the man is！
_______ _______ clever man he is ！
❖What a
❖5．How old are you ？
_______ your _______ ？
❖答案：What's； age
❖6．We came home when it was six o‘clock
We _______ _______ home _______ it was six o’clock．
❖答案：didn't come；until（before）
十、用派生词或一词多义改写
❖此类题型可采用“词类转换法”，利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来代替原句中的某些成分。

此时句子结构会发生一些变化。

例如：
1．The snow was heavy last night．
It _______ _______ last night．
❖答案：snowed heavily
❖2．The foreigners have visited the Great Wall．
The foreigners have been _______ _______ ___ to the Great Wall．
❖答案：on a visit
十一、用it作形式主语进行转换
❖不定式的动作发出者一般是句子的主语，但有时却不是，这时不定式常会带上自己的逻辑主语，这一主语常用for 引出。

例如：
18．He can finish the work easily．
_______ _______ _______ for him _______ finish the work．
❖答案：It is easy；to
十二、综合转换
综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。

例如：1.Something is wrong with that machine．
That machine _______ _______ ．
❖答案：doesn't work。