语言学-形态学
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前缀，后缀
prefix， suffix
A
8
词根、词缀、自由语素和粘着语素的关系
A
9
Free vs. bound morpheme
• Free morpheme is one that may constitute a word by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance.
• Bound morpheme is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “-al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “-ed” in “recorded”.
A
2
Q1. What is morphology?
1.什么是形态学？研究范围？
• 形态学是涉及语素系统的研究，它研究词的内部结构和构 造规则
• Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
A
10
Derivational vs. inflectional morpheme
• Derivational morphemes are morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of the words to which they are conjoined, or change their lexical or dictionary meaning.
• workaholic, surgiholic, tree-hugger
• Taikonaut,
• ginormous, fantabulous • 菜鸟、驴友、枪手、做秀、粉丝、帖子、拍砖、下课、前卫、PK、
丁克、爽、酷、饭局、充电、月光族、黄牛、房奴
A
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
4
• Closed class words: grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns.
• Open class words: content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
• E.g.
• hacker, email, internet, surf, spam, blogsphere, songlifting (song+shoplifting),
A
7
根据结构 语素分为 自由语素 和 粘着语素
(morpheme) (free morpheme) (bound morpheme)
具有完整词汇意义 具有一定词汇意义
能够独立使用
不能单独使用
根据语义 语素分为 词根 (root）和 词缀(affix）
自由，粘着
屈折，派生
free root, bound root inflectional affix, derivational affix
Morphology
形态学
A
1
• Q1. What is morphology?
• Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion?
A
3
• Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion?
• “e”
• “偶”
A
5
Q3: What is morpheme?
Q3.语素的定义
• 语素是语言最小的意义单位。句子是由单词 构成的，词可以被分成更小的成分。我们把 这些处于单词最低一层的、有意义的成分称 为”语素”。
A
6
Q3: What is morpheme?
• Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit • How many morphemes does each of the
• E.g.
• modern: modernize; length: lengthen; fool: foolish; do: undo; selfish: unselfish etc.
A
11
Inflectional morphemes
• When a word changes in form but not in lexical meaning, we say it has undergone an inflection.
following words contain? • boy, desire • boyish, desirable • boyishness, desirability • gentlemanliness, undesirability • antidisestablishmentarianism
• Q3. Morpheme: free morpheme vs. bound morpheme; derivational morpheme vs. inflectional morpheme
• Q4. Affix: prefix vs. suffix
• Q5. Compounding and compounds
prefix， suffix
A
8
词根、词缀、自由语素和粘着语素的关系
A
9
Free vs. bound morpheme
• Free morpheme is one that may constitute a word by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance.
• Bound morpheme is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “-al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “-ed” in “recorded”.
A
2
Q1. What is morphology?
1.什么是形态学？研究范围？
• 形态学是涉及语素系统的研究，它研究词的内部结构和构 造规则
• Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
A
10
Derivational vs. inflectional morpheme
• Derivational morphemes are morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of the words to which they are conjoined, or change their lexical or dictionary meaning.
• workaholic, surgiholic, tree-hugger
• Taikonaut,
• ginormous, fantabulous • 菜鸟、驴友、枪手、做秀、粉丝、帖子、拍砖、下课、前卫、PK、
丁克、爽、酷、饭局、充电、月光族、黄牛、房奴
A
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
4
• Closed class words: grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns.
• Open class words: content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
• E.g.
• hacker, email, internet, surf, spam, blogsphere, songlifting (song+shoplifting),
A
7
根据结构 语素分为 自由语素 和 粘着语素
(morpheme) (free morpheme) (bound morpheme)
具有完整词汇意义 具有一定词汇意义
能够独立使用
不能单独使用
根据语义 语素分为 词根 (root）和 词缀(affix）
自由，粘着
屈折，派生
free root, bound root inflectional affix, derivational affix
Morphology
形态学
A
1
• Q1. What is morphology?
• Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion?
A
3
• Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion?
• “e”
• “偶”
A
5
Q3: What is morpheme?
Q3.语素的定义
• 语素是语言最小的意义单位。句子是由单词 构成的，词可以被分成更小的成分。我们把 这些处于单词最低一层的、有意义的成分称 为”语素”。
A
6
Q3: What is morpheme?
• Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit • How many morphemes does each of the
• E.g.
• modern: modernize; length: lengthen; fool: foolish; do: undo; selfish: unselfish etc.
A
11
Inflectional morphemes
• When a word changes in form but not in lexical meaning, we say it has undergone an inflection.
following words contain? • boy, desire • boyish, desirable • boyishness, desirability • gentlemanliness, undesirability • antidisestablishmentarianism
• Q3. Morpheme: free morpheme vs. bound morpheme; derivational morpheme vs. inflectional morpheme
• Q4. Affix: prefix vs. suffix
• Q5. Compounding and compounds