2022届高考英语语法精讲精练：过去分词

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（过去分词）考点清单一：过去分词作状语要点精讲1：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，表示与句子主语之间的被动关系。

例1：Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.例2：Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has little time left, the boy is determined to focus on his project.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.2._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home.【答案与解析】1. Encouraged。

encourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。

故答案是Encouraged。

2. Having waited。

wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。

故答案是Having waited。

要点：2.“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语。

如be absorbed/dressed/trapped/occupied in, be equipped/loaded/burdened with, be accustomed/devoted/committed/addicted to doing。

例3：The sun began to rise in the sky, bathed in the mountain in golden light.例4：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

3. (trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted.4. (trap) in the river for five hours makes the thief looks very pale and exhausted.5. The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, he looked very pale and exhausted.6. The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.【答案与解析】3. Having been trapped/trapped。

be trapped in表示“被困在……”，既是被动又已经发生。

故答案是Having been trapped/trapped。

4. Being trapped。

故答案是Being trapped。

结合语境应用动名词短语作主语，又是被动含义。

5. having been trapped/trapped。

故答案是having been trapped/trapped。

前半句构成独立主格结构。

6. had been trapped。

故答案是had been trapped。

so连接并列句，前半句缺少谓语动词，需要被动语态。

要点精讲2：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动关系。

例5：Once married, Joe devoted her life to being a full-time homemaker.例6：There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.例7：When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

7. No matter how frequently (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.8. When____________(compare) cultures, we often focus on the differences without noticing the similarities.【答案与解析】7. performed。

原句可以还原为No matter how frequently they are performed。

故答案是performed。

8. comparing。

从句谓语动词compare与句子主语之间构成逻辑上主动关系，故答案是comparing。

考点清单二: 过去分词作宾语补足语要点精讲1：过去分词作补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,用作观感使役类动词的宾补，如see, watch, hear, notice, have, make, leave, keep, find。

例8：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.例9：She couldn't make herself heard because of the traffic noise.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year.10. She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things (go/steal/miss/go/lose)11. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes (fix) on the screen【答案与解析】9. carried。

定语从句含有see sth done句型。

故答案是carried。

10. gone/stolen/missing/lost。

be gone/stolen/missing/lost是固定词组，故答案是gone/stolen/missing/lost。

11. fixed。

fix one’s eyes on sth表示“眼睛注视着”，结合语境应用被动形式。

故答案是fixed。

要点精讲2：用于“with+名词/代词+过去分词”结构作宾补；省略with则转化为“名词/代词+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。

例10：With all the money used up, the man had to make a living by begging.例11：Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

12. He rushed into the room,with his face(cover)with sweat.13. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______________(finish) for the day.14. With the difficult problem_________(settle), he threw himself in the sofa in relief.【答案与解析】12. covered。

be covered with表示“被……覆盖”；宾语face和cover之间构成被动关系。

故答案是covered。

13. finished。

their lessons finished是独立主格结构，二者逻辑上是被动关系。

故答案是finished。

14. settled。

with sth done强调二者之间被动关系。

故答案是settled。

考点清单三: 过去分词作定语要点精讲2：过去分词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。

例12：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room.例13：A number of roads have blocked by fallen trees because of the heavy rain.例14：Many words associated with life in the West are Spanish.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

15. From the dates (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago.16. Can those / (sit/seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?【答案与解析】15. marked。

日期是被印在硬币上，故用过去分词短语作定语。

故答案是marked。

16. sitting/seated。

空格需要分词作定语，sit是不及物动词，be seated表示“坐好”。

故答案是sitting/seated。

考点清单四: 过去分词作表语要点精讲：过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后；“get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。