高考英语语法虚拟语气

上海高考英语语法拓展：虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的条件句形式

英语的动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用在条件或让步状语从句中，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,；一是在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议。

条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气在条件句中：

1，与过去相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+had done

主句：主语＋should, would, might, could + have done

She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

2, 与现在事实相反的假设: 条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were

主句：主语+should, would, might, could do

3，与将来相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were

If+主语+were to do；If+主语+should do

主句：主语+should, would, might, could do, If it should fail, I would try again.

4. 混合型的条件句

当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句或错综时间条件句。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.

Even though it hadn’t rained, we can’t get there by tomorrow. 条件虚拟主句真实。

二、虚拟语气that + 主语+ (should) do结构

下列情形下that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should do，should可以省略。

表过去用should have done.

1，主语从句：

1）在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

It's strange that he should say so.It's right that you should think that way.

这类的形容词还有advisable，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative, important, possible, preferable, probable, strange, urgent, vital等。

2)在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/

required/加that句型中，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.

It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．

It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．

It is settled that you leave us, then?

3)在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder/ proposal/ recommendation/ suggestion/

surprise/ advice that…..句型中，表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 也可用陈述语气，

It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week.

2，宾语从句: 在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，作为suggest, request, demand, urge, propose, prefer, advise, insist, require, order, command, maintain, ask, object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。

suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.

He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.

The doctor suggested that he not go there．

I insisted that he was right. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.

3，表语从句和同位语从句：在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中。My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.

He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.

Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. （同位语）

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

1，在It is (high / about ) time that…从句中，谓语动词did或should do，should不能省略．It’s high time we went to the laboratory. It is time we left（should leave）. 2，If only 引导的感叹句，表示现在或未来，用did或would/could do；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用had done。If only I could fly! If only you listened to us! 3, 在in order that, so that, in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用should (may, might ) do。Should可省略。

He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.

He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.

4，wish的宾语从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。

Wish的宾语从句、even if ( even though)的方式状语从句的虚拟形式，从句的谓语动词用did表现在，用could（would，might）do表将来；用had done或could （would，might）have done表过去。

as if (though) 从句动作与主句同时或之后发生，用did, 之前发生用had done. 表将来用could（would，might）do。I wish I were a bird.

I wish you would stay a little longer. I wish you had called yesterday．

The football fans act as if they were crazy.

He often talks about London as though he had been there.

She often talks and talks as if she would never stop.

5，would rather，would sooner, would as soon, would prefer + 从句，表示宁愿、但愿之意。用did表现在和将来，用had done表过去。

I would sooner my daughter attended a public school.

I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long.

I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.