专八英译汉分析

B因为，尚未在大地上建成的那些东西，早已在他的脑海中建成了。 对他来说，这些东西具体而清楚地呈现着，就好像它们早已被建 成完工。
分析： 1 很多学生将are not yet built on earth译为“尚未在土 地上建成”！由此可看出我们的翻译水平还处于实践 的初级阶段，不能识别汇的转义和搭配义 将“大地上建成”应翻译为“真正的建成”就符合转义 2 广泛而巧妙地使用词的转义被认为是英语中遣词造句的一大 亮点，例如 they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.通过使用转义和搭配义，翻译成"它们 对他来说是如此具体真实，仿佛它们早已建成"。
分析： 1 此句的难点应该在Where!Why everywhere,因为按照常 理，why everywhere应表达为why not everywhere.
2 对improvements一词的处理光看这两段也许 无法确切表述出它的含义，所以将其模糊处理 为“改观” 3 “He is astonished she can not see them” 大多数考生翻译为“他很惊讶，她居然看不到 ” 此处不宜直译，应模糊处理为“ 1 考生对classic, take....on a tour of,matropolis等词和词组理解和表达有出入， 而这些问题的出入有和考生的逻辑推演能力有关，对以下几个词难以辨别其差 异： （1）classic（great；memorable）著名的，典型的;经典（著作） 根据全文背景及美国建国的历史（就短短的两百多年）推理，就很难 将 classic翻译成“古典的” （2）classical:(of Latin and Greak)古典的；传统的 (3) matropolis:主要都市，首府 B译将a teeming metropolis 译为“一个现代化大集团” 纯属无端猜译，按照思维惯性和规律，应将其翻译为“大都市” 2.A 译稍显流畅，但将has 翻译为“有”，而割裂了与后面词汇的搭配，使 译文逊色了不少
—评阅2003年TEM8英译汉试卷有感 范武邱 张琦
组员：范锦菊 马梅
何为本固方能枝荣？
在翻译教学中强化学生的逻辑思维能力、汉语功 底、语言美学以及必要的模糊处理技巧，这些堪 为翻译之本——本固方能枝荣。
2003年英译汉原文：
1） In his classic novel, “ The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis . 2)But his cousin looks around bewildered . All she see is a forest. “ Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me? ” She asks . He's astonished she can't see them.. “ Where! Why everywhere, ” he replies . 3)For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. 4) cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, futuremindedness ; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come . As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being. ”
(2)But his cousin looks around bewildered . All she sees is a forest. “ Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me? ” She asks . He's astonished she can't see them.. “ Where! Why everywhere, ” he replies . A: 但是，他的表妹不解的环顾四周，他的眼前只有一片森 林。“你给我展示的美丽的、发达的城市在哪？”她问道。 他非常吃惊她不能看到这一切。“在哪！哪里都是。”他 回答。 B：然而他的表妹却惊奇地环顾四周，她所见的不过是 一片森林，于是，她问道：“你要展示给我的美景和进 步都在那里？”他惊讶于她的熟视无睹，就回答道： “哪里？为什么不可以是这里的一切！”
(4)cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness ; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come . 试译： 库伯在这里揭示了一种美国人独有的，即前瞻性：它 们能够站在未来的高度来看现在的一切；摆脱过去束 缚而更加亲近未来。
试译： 因为尽管他还没有把它们真正建成，他却早已在心中 构想好了。它们对他来说是如此具体真实，仿佛它们 早已建成。
(4)cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness ; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come . A：库伯在这本书中，阐述了一个典型的美国人的特征， 那就是对未来的展 望。这是一中从未来的高度看现在的能力，不受过去的阻碍而自由向往地眺 望未来。 B：库伯形象地说明了美国人最显著的特点。即一种从发展超越的眼光看 待现在与未来的能力；一种不被过去阻碍并更加殷切地期望触摸未来的思 想。
3)For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.
第一段侧重于考察学生的逻辑思维能力
第二段侧重于考察学生的汉语表达能力
（1）In his classic novel, “ The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis . A:在库珀的古典小说《拓荒者》里，他有自己的主 角—一个土地开拓者，他带着他的表妹在他正在建造 的城市里四处转悠，他描着那宽阔的马路，一排排的 房子，还有一个繁荣的的大都市。 B:《先锋们》是库珀的代表作,书中的主人公,一个开拓 者,带着他的表妹在他自己正在建设的城市里观赏.他描 绘了宽阔的街道,成排的房子,一个现代化大集团
1 考生B的翻译出现了漏译现象，无视了future-mindedness 一词的存在，考生A翻译为“对未来的展望”及试译中译为 “前瞻性” 2 future-mindedness 是一个新词，所以很多学生对新词的 处理只能意会却苦于恰当地言传，此处应该翻译出“前瞻性 或对未来的展望”就更好。 3 英翻汉时还要避免造作及带些译腔的错误，这也是初涉译者 的常见问题。比如学生的这些翻译”自由向往地眺望未来 “及”更加殷切地期望触摸未来的思想“，这样的翻译就显 得文邹邹。
(2)But his cousin looks around bewildered . All she ses is a forest. “ Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me? ” She asks . He's astonished she can't see them.. “ Where! Why everywhere, ” he replies . 试译： 然而，表妹环顾四周，却一脸迷茫，她所看到的只是 一片森林。于是她问：“你要给我看的美景和改观在 哪里啊？”他很惊讶，她居然还不能心领神会。便回 答说：“还问哪里？这不到处都是吗？”
3)For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. 考生翻译： Ａ尽管它们还没有在地上建设起来，他却已把其建在了心里。它 们对于他来说是那样的具体，好像已经建设并且完工了一样。