2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷(解析版)
2019学年上海市青浦区高考一模化学试卷
2019学年上海市青浦区高考一模化学试卷一、选择题详细信息1.难度：中等为了加强再生资源的回收管理，节约资源，保护环境。
《上海市再生资源回收管理办法》从2012年12月1日起施行。
下面是4位同学对一些废品按其主要成分进行的分类，其中错误的是详细信息2.难度：中等下列物质与其用途相符合的是 ( )④Cl2一做消毒剂②AgBr—制胶卷，感光纸③NaClO—漂白纺织物④SO2—作防腐剂⑤淀粉一检验I2的存在⑥HOCH2CH2OH—抗冻剂A．②③④⑤⑥ B．①②③④⑤ C．①②③⑤ D．全部详细信息3.难度：中等下列有关化学用语使用正确的是 ( )A．NH4Br的电子式： B．S2-的结构示意图：C．乙酸的分子式：CH3COOH D．原子核内有18个中子的氯原子：详细信息4.难度：中等下列说法正确的是 ( )A．离子化合物中一定含有金属元素 B．构成分子晶体的微粒中一定含有共价键C．原子晶体熔化要破坏共价键 D．只有离子化合物中才存在离子详细信息5.难度：中等类比归纳是学习化学的重要方法，下列类比的说法正确的是 ( )A．CO2、SO2都是酸性氧化物，都能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B．MgO、Al2O3都是高熔点离子化合物，熔化时都能导电C．CO2与SiO2都是第IV A族的最高氧化物，则它们的物理性质也相似D．Al2O3与Fe2O3化学式相似，都是不溶于水的碱性氧化物详细信息6.难度：中等在体积相同的两个密闭容器中分别充满O2、O3气体，当这两个容器内温度和气体密度相等时，下列说法正确的是 ( )A．两种气体的压强相等 B．O2比O3质量小C．两种气体的分子数目相等 D．两种气体的氧原子数目相等详细信息7.难度：中等下列物质性质的比较，正确的是A．热稳定性：Na2CO3>NaHCO3>H2CO3B．熔点：熔点：K>Na>LiC．同条件下，同浓度溶液的pH值：NaHCO3>Na2CO3D．还原性：S2->Br->I-详细信息8.难度：中等在一定条件下，下列有机物都能发生加成反应、取代反应、水解反应和中和反应共四种反应的是A．一滴香： B．芬必得：C．维生素B5： D．扑热息痛：详细信息9.难度：中等研制和开发不含碳并可工业生产的清洁能源，一直是科学家不懈追求的目标，目前液氨被人们视为一种潜在的清洁燃料。
2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷(解析版)
学校：__________ 姓名：__________ 班级：__________第I卷（选择题）一、选择题1．[化学——选修5：有机化学基础]（15分）F是一种常见的α-氨基酸，可通过下列路线人工合成：回答下列问题：（1）化合物E中的官能团名称是______________，烃A的结构简式是________________。
（2）由化合物D生成E、醇C生成D的反应类型分别是__________、_______________。
（3）化合物F的系统命名为____________，F相互形成的环状二肽的结构简式为__________。
（4）化合物C可在灼热Cu催化下与O2发生反应，得到一种具有刺激性气味的液体，写出相关的化学方程式_______________________________________。
（5）化合物E与足量NaOH醇溶液加热反应，反应方程式为_______。
（6）烃A可与苯酚在酸性条件下产生苯酚对位取代衍生物G(C8H10O)，其满足如下条件的G的同分异构体有_______种。
①遇FeCl3溶液不显紫色；②苯环上有两个取代基。
2．常温下向20mL 0.1mol/L氨水中通入HCl气体，溶液中由水电离出的氢离子浓度随通入HCl气体的体积变化如图所示。
则下列说法正确的是A. b点通入的HCl气体，在标况下为44.8mLB. b、c之间溶液中c(NH4+)>c(Cl-)C. 取10mL的c点溶液稀释时：c(NH4+)/c(NH3·H2O)减小D. d点溶液呈中性3．一种新型燃料电池，用两根金属作电极插入KOH溶液中，然后向两极分别通入甲烷和氧气，其电极反应为X极：CH4＋10OH－－8e－===CO32-＋7H2O；Y极：4H2O＋2O2＋8e－===8OH－。
下列关于此燃料电池的说法中，错误的是( )A. X为负极，Y为正极B. 工作一段时间后，KOH的物质的量减少C. 在标准状况下，通入5.6 L O2完全反应后，有1 mol电子发生转移D. 该电池工作时，X极附近溶液的碱性增强4．下列设计的实验方案能达到实验目的的是()A. 检验乙烯是否具有还原性：向乙醇中加入少量浓硫酸并加热，将所得的气体通入酸性KMnO4溶液B. 除去NaHCO3溶液中混有的Na2CO3：向含有Na2CO3的NaHCO3溶液中加入适量CaCl2溶液，过滤C. 检验海带中是否含有碘元素：将干海带剪碎、灼烧成灰，用蒸馏水浸泡后过滤，向滤液中加入2～3滴淀粉溶液，再滴加少量新制氯水D. 比较水和乙醇分子中羟基氢原子的活泼性：相同温度下，取等体积水、乙醇，向其中分别加入相同大小的金属钠5．下列方程式不能正确表示某沉淀溶解过程的是( )A.热的浓盐酸洗涤试管内壁的MnO2：MnO2＋4H＋＋2Cl－∆Mn2＋＋Cl2↑＋2H2OB.热的NaOH溶液洗涤试管内壁的S：3S＋6NaOH ∆2Na2S＋Na2SO3＋3H2OC.向石灰石粉的悬浊液中持续通CO2：Ca(OH)2＋2CO2＝Ca(HCO3)2D.稀硫酸可除去铁锈：Fe2O3＋6H＋＝2Fe3＋＋3H2O6．室温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中能大量共存的是( )A. 0.1mol·L－1KHSO3溶液：Na＋、NH4+、H+、SO42-B. 0.1mol·L－1H2SO4溶液：Mg2＋、K+、Cl－、NO3-C. 0.1mol·L－1Na2SO3溶液：Ba2+、K+、ClO-、OH-D. 0.1mol·L－1Ba（OH）2溶液：NH4+、Na+、Cl－、HCO3-7．下列有关化学用语正确的是（）A. 全氟丙烷的电子式为：B. 的分子式为：C8H8C. 乙烯的结构简式为：CH2CH2D. 硝基苯的结构简式：8．下列变化符合图示的是①水蒸气液化②H2O2分解制O2③Ba(OH)2·8H2O和NH4Cl的反应④NaHCO3受热分解⑤氢气还原氧化铜⑥碘的升华A．③④⑤ B．②⑤⑥C．①②⑤⑥ D．②③⑤9．关于强、弱电解质的叙述不正确的是A.强电解质在溶液中完全电离，不存在电离平衡B.导电能力强的溶液其电解质是强电解质C.同一弱电解质的溶液，当温度不同时，其导电能力也不相同D.强电解质在液态时，有的能导电，有的不能导电10．下列指定反应的离子方程式不正确．．．的是A.向氨化的饱和氯化钠溶液中通入足量二氧化碳气体：Na＋＋NH3＋H2O＋CO2＝NaHCO3↓＋NH4＋B.碱性条件下次氯酸钾溶液与氢氧化铁反应：3ClO－＋2Fe(OH)3＋4OH－＝2FeO42－＋3Cl－＋5H2OC.向硫酸亚铁溶液中加入过氧化钠固体：2Na2O2＋2Fe2＋＋2H2O＝4Na＋＋2Fe(OH)2↓＋O2↑D.向饱和的碳酸氢钙溶液中加入足量的澄清石灰水：Ca2＋＋HCO3－＋OH－＝CaCO3↓＋H2O 11．下列叙述正确的是A．同温同压下，1 L一氧化碳气体一定比1 L氧气的质量小B．任何条件下，等物质的量的甲烷(CH4)和一氧化碳所含的原子数一定相等C．同温同压下的一氧化碳气体和氮气，质量一定相等D．同温同压下，相同体积的气体，其分子数一定相等，原子数也一定相等二、填空题12．（1）在下列各组物质中：A O2和O3B 氘和氚C CH4和CH3（CH2）2CH3D 和E CH3（CH2）2 CH3和①互为同位素的是__________ ②互为同素异形体的是______．③互为同系物的是__________ ④互为同分异构的是_____．（均填选项号）（2）下列各种物质：①H2O②NH3③KOH④Na2O2⑤MgCl2⑥Ne ，不存在化学键的是_____；只存在离子键的是_____；属于共价化合物的是_______；含非极性键的离子化合物是__________________。
2019年上海市青浦区高级中学高一化学模拟试题含解析
2019年上海市青浦区高级中学高一化学模拟试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。
）1. 日常所用干电池的电极分别为石墨棒（上面有铜帽）和锌皮。
一糊状NH4Cl和ZnCl2作电解质(其中加入MnO2吸收H2)，电极反应式可简化为：Zn－2e－===Zn2＋，2NH4＋+2e－===2NH3↑＋H2↑(NH3与Zn2+能生成一种稳定的物质)。
下列叙述正确的是①锌为正极，石墨为负极②锌为负极，石墨为正极③工作时，电子由石墨极经过外电路流向锌极④长时间连续使用时，内装糊状物可能流出腐蚀用电器A．①③ B．②③ C．③④ D．②④参考答案：D2. 向含...的水溶液中，加入足量的固体，充分反应后，再加入过量的稀盐酸，上述离子数目增加的是（）A． B. C.D.参考答案：A略3. X、Y、Z三种短周期元素，X原子的最外层电子数是次外层电子数的2倍，Y原子的次外层电子数是最外层电子数的2倍，Z原子的次外层电子数是最外层电子数的4倍。
则X、Y、Z三种元素，可能的组合是A．C、O、Mg B．Li、C、Mg C．C、Mg、Li D． C、Si、Mg参考答案：D4. 在一定条件下某种O2和N2的混合气体mg含有b个分子，则ng该混合气体在相同状况下所占的体积应是（）A. B. C. D.参考答案：A在一定条件下某种O2和N2的混合气体mg含有b个分子，则混合气体的物质的量是mol，所以ng该混合气体的物质的量是×mol，则在相同状况下所占的体积应是××V m=，答案选A。
5. 运用元素周期律分析下面的推断，其中错误的是A．铍（Be）的氧化物的水化物可能具有两性B．砹（At）为有色固体；HAt不稳定；AgAt感光性很强，且不溶于水也不溶于稀酸C．硫酸锶（SrSO4）是难溶于水的白色固体D．硒化氢（H2Se）是无色、有毒、比H2S稳定的气体参考答案：D略6. 对于苯乙烯(结构简式为)有下列叙述：①不能使酸性KMnO4 溶液褪色；②能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色；③不可溶于水；④可溶于苯中；⑤1mol苯乙烯最多能与4molH2发生加成反应；⑥所有的原子不可能共平面，其中正确的是A. ②③④⑤B. ①②⑤⑥C. ②③④⑥D. 全部正确参考答案：A分析：中含有苯环和碳碳双键，结合苯和乙烯的结构与性质分析判断。
2019届上海市青浦区高三上学期期末学业质量调研(一模)化学试题(解析版)
绝密★启用前上海市青浦区2019届高三上学期期末学业质量调研（一模）化学试题（解析版）1.铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料,它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性。
铝合金的下列性质与这些特性无关的是A. 不易生锈B. 导电性好C. 密度小D. 硬度大【答案】B【解析】建筑装饰不需要导电性,故C正确。
2.下列属于同位素的两种微粒是A. CH4和C3H8B. O2和O3C. 35Cl和37ClD. H2和D2【答案】C【解析】【分析】质子数相同中子数不同的原子互称同位素,据此进行分析。
【详解】A．CH4和C3H8,分子组成上相差2个CH2,是同系物,故A错误；B．O2和O3,是同种元素形成的不同种单质,是同素异形体,故B错误,C．35Cl和37Cl,质子数相同而中子数不同,是氯元素的不同原子,互为同位素,故C正确；D．H2和D2,均为氢单质,是氢气的两种不同分子,故D 错误；故答案为C。
3.以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是A. 金刚石熔化B. 氯化氢溶于水C. 氢氧化钾熔化D. 冰融化【答案】D【解析】【分析】发生化学反应时物质中的化学键被破坏,熔化或溶解时若发生电离,则化学键也被破坏,原子晶体熔融时共价键断裂,以此来分析．【详解】A．金刚石熔化时需破坏碳碳共价键,故A不选；B．氯化氢溶于水时发生电离,则H-Cl 共价键被破坏,故B不选；C．加热氢氧化钾熔化,KOH发生电离,离子键被破坏,故C不选；D．冰融化需克服分子间作用力,包括氢键,而化学键没有变化,故D选；故答案为D。
4.下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡,且属于强电解质的是A. 酒精B. 冰醋酸C. 硝酸钾D. 醋酸钠【答案】D【解析】【分析】电解质是指在水溶液或熔化状态下能导电的化合物；水的电离方程式为H2O⇌H++OH-,加入的物质或离子能影响水电离平衡的移动,则破坏水的电离平衡,据此分析即可解答．【详解】A．酒精溶于水,不发生电离,是非电解质,故A错误； B．冰醋酸的水溶液能导电,电离出的H+能抑制水的电离,但醋酸部分电离,是弱电解质,故B错误；C．硝酸钾溶于水电离出硝酸根离子和钾离子能导电,是电解质,但不破坏水的电离,故C错误；D．醋酸钠在水溶液中能完全电离出自由移动的醋酸根离子和钠离子使溶液导电,所以醋酸钠是强电解质,醋酸根离子能与水电离出的氢离子结合生成醋酸,促进水的电离,故D正确；故答案为D。
2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷
2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）．1．（2分）铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料，它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性．铝合金的下列性质与这些特性无关的是（）A．不易生锈B．导电性好C．密度小D．硬度大2．（2分）下列属于同位素的两种微粒是（）A．CH4和C3H8B．O2和O3C．35Cl和37Cl D．H2和D23．（2分）以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是（）A．金刚石熔化B．氯化氢溶于水C．氢氧化钾熔化D．冰融化4．（2分）下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于强电解质的是（）A．酒精B．冰醋酸C．硝酸钾D．醋酸钠5．（2分）对氧原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的是（）A．自旋方向不同B．电子云形状相同C．能量不同D．在同一轨道上6．（2分）Na、Mg、S、Cl是第三周期的四种元素，下列判断错误的是（）A．碱性NaOH＞Mg（OH）2B．原子半径r（Mg）＜r（S）C．离子半径r（Na+）＞r（Mg2+）D．氧化性Cl2＞S7．（2分）工业上合成氨的反应如下：N2（g）+3H2（g）⇌2NH3（g），以下措施中，既能加快反应速率，又能增大氢气转化率的是（）A．升高温度B．增大容器体积C．移走氨气D．增加氮气8．（2分）下列关于CH4的描述正确的是（）A．是平面结构B．是极性分子C．含有非极性键D．结构式为9．（2分）配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到下列仪器中的（）A．B．C．D．10．（2分）某工厂运输NH3的管道出现小孔导致NH3泄漏，技术人员常常用一种挥发性液体进行检查，你觉得该液体最有可能是（）A．浓盐酸B．烧碱C．浓硫酸D．碳酸钠溶液11．（2分）下列过程只涉及物理变化的是（）A．醋酸除水垢B．石油分馏C．煤的气化D．海水中提取碘12．（2分）关于图所示装置（海水为弱碱性）的说法错误的是（）A．若d为石墨，则铁片上的电子反应为：Fe﹣2e→Fe2+B．若d为铜片，则铁片腐蚀加快C．若d为锌片，则铁片上的电极反应为：2H++2e→H2↑D．若d为锌片，则这种保护铁片的方法属于牺牲阳极的阴极保护法13．（2分）实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如右图所示。
2019年上海市青浦区高考高三化学二模试卷(解析版)
2019年上海市青浦区高考高三化学二模试卷一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）1.12C与13C互为（）A. 同系物B. 同位素C. 同素异形体D. 同分异构体2.下列石油的分馏产品中，沸点最低的是（）A. 汽油B. 煤油C. 柴油D. 石油气3.化学与生活密切相关，下列应用没有涉及氧化还原反应的是（）A. 过氧化钠用作缺氧场所的供氧剂B. 铝热反应用于焊接铁轨C. 氯化铁用于净水D. 铝罐车用作运输浓硫酸4.下列变化中只存在放热过程的是（）A. 氯化钠晶体熔化B. 氢氧化钠晶体溶于水C. 液氮的气化D. 水蒸气的液化5.下列关于氨气的说法正确的是（）A. 氨分子的空间构型为三角形B. 氨分子常温下能被氧化成一氧化氮C. 氨分子是含极性键的极性分子D. 氨水呈碱性，所以氨气是电解质6.下列变化过程中克服共价键的是（）A. 二氧化硅熔化B. 冰融化C. 氯化钾熔化D. 碘升华7.关于氮肥的说法正确的是（）A. 硫铵与石灰混用肥效增强B. 植物吸收氮肥属于氮的固定C. 使用碳铵应深施盖土D. 尿素属于铵态氮肥8.关于实验室制备乙烯的实验，下列说法正确的是（）A. 反应物是乙醇和过量的3mol⋅L−1H2SO4溶液B. 控制反应液温度在140∘CC. 反应容器中应加入少许碎瓷片D. 反应完毕后应先移去酒精灯，再从水中取出导管9.要证明某溶液中不含Fe3+而含有Fe2+，以下操作选择及排序正确的是（）①加入少量氯水②加入少量KI溶液③加入少量KSCN溶液A. ③①B. ①③C. ②③D. ③②10.实验室分离苯和水，可选用下列（）A. B.C. D.11.将氯气持续通入紫色石蕊试液中，溶液颜色呈如下变化：关于溶液中导致变色的微粒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的判断正确的是（）A. H+、HClO、Cl2B. H+、ClO−、Cl−C. HCl、ClO−、Cl−D. HCl、HClO、Cl212.如图实验操作正确的是（）A. 用装置甲收集SO2B. 用装置乙制备AlCl3晶体C. 中和滴定时，锥形瓶用待装液润洗D. 使用分液漏斗和容量瓶时，先要检查是否漏液13.a、b、c、d为原子序数依次增大的短周期主族元素，a原子核外电子总数与b原子次外层电子数相同，c所在周期数与族序数相同；d与a同族，下列叙述正确的是（）A. 四种元素中b的金属性最强B. 原子半径：d>c>b>aC. d的单质氧化性比a的单质氧化性强D. c的最高价氧化物对应水化物是一种强碱14.对于工业合成氨反应N2+3H2⇌2NH3+Q（Q＞0），下列判断正确的是（）A. 3体积H2和足量N2反应，必定生成2体积NH3B. 使用合适的催化剂，可以提高提高原料的利用率C. 500℃左右比室温更有利于向合成氨的方向进行D. 及时使氨液化、分离的主要目的是提高N2和H2的利用率15.为了除去括号中的杂质，不合理的是（）选项物质（杂质）加入试剂方法A氯化铵溶液（FeCl3）氢氧化钠溶液过滤B KNO3（s）（少量NaCl）水结晶C乙酸乙酯（乙酸）饱和碳酸钠溶液分液D乙醇（水）新制生石灰蒸馏A. AB. BC. CD. D16.探究氢氧化铝的两性，最适宜的试剂是（）A. AlCl3、氨水、稀盐酸B. Al2O3、氨水、稀盐酸C. Al、NaOH溶液、稀盐酸 D. Al2(SO4)3溶液、NaOH溶液、稀盐酸 17.下列说法正确的是（）A. 可通过加成反应实现的转化B. 丙基有2种同分异构体C. 乙炔和1，3−丁二烯互为同系物D. 烯烃只能发生加成反应，不能发生取代反应18.图为某有机物的结构，下列说法错误的是（）A. 该物质的名称为2−甲基丙烷B. 该模型为球棍模型C. 该分子中所有碳原子均共面D. 一定条件下，可与氯气发生取代反应19. 举世闻名的侯氏制碱法的工艺流程如下图所示，下列说法正确的是（ ）A. 往母液中加入食盐的主要目的是使NaHCO 3更多的析出B. 从母液中经过循环Ⅰ进入沉淀池的主要是Na 2CO 3、NH 4Cl 和氨水C. 沉淀池中反应的化学方程式：2NH 3+CO 2+2NaCl +H 2O =Na 2CO 3+2NH 4ClD. 设计循环Ⅱ的目的是使原料氯化钠的利用率大大提升20. 某无色溶液，经测定含有Al 3+、Br -、SO 42-，且各离子物质的量浓度相等（不考虑水电离出来的H +和OH -），则对该溶液的说法合理的是（ ）A. 可能含有Cl −B. 可能含有HCO 3−C. 一定含有Na +D. 至少含有四种离子二、简答题（本大题共4小题，共60.0分）21. 车辆碰撞瞬间，安全装置通电点火，使其中的粉末分解释放出大量保护气形成安全气囊。
青浦区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测化学试题及答案-精选
青浦区2018~2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研化学试卷（时间 60分钟，满分100分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：C-12 H-1 O-16 S-32 Na-23 Ca-40一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）。
1．铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料，它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性。
铝合金的下列性质与这些特性无关的是A．不易生锈 B ．导电性好 C. 密度小 D．硬度大2．下列属于同位素的两种微粒是A．CH4和C3H8 B．O2和O3 C． 35Cl和37Cl D． H2和D23. 以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是A．金刚石熔化 B．氯化氢溶于水 C．氢氧化钾熔化 D．冰融化4．下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于强电解质的是A．酒精 B．冰醋酸 C．硝酸钾 D．醋酸钠5．对氧原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的是A．自旋方向不同 B．电子云形状相同 C．能量不同 D.在同一轨道上6．Na、Mg、S、Cl是第三周期的四种元素，下列判断错误的是A．碱性NaOH>Mg(OH)2 B．原子半径r(Mg)<r(S)C．离子半径r(Na+)>r(Mg2+) D．氧化性Cl2>S7．工业上合成氨的反应如下：N2(g)+ 3H2(g)2NH3(g)，以下措施中，既能加快反应速率，又能增大氢气转化率的是A．升高温度 B．增大容器体积 C．移走氨气 D．增加氮气8．下列关于CH4的描述正确的是A.是平面结构B. 是极性分子C.含有非极性键D. 结构式为9．配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到下列仪器中的A B C D10．某工厂运输NH3的管道出现小孔导致NH3泄漏，技术人员常常用一种挥发性液体进行检查，该液体最有可能是A．浓盐酸 B．烧碱 C．浓硫酸 D．碳酸钠11．下列过程只涉及物理变化的是A．醋酸除水垢 B．石油分馏 C．煤的气化 D．海水中提取碘12．关于右图所示装置（海水为弱碱性）的说法错误的是A．若d为石墨，则铁片上的电子反应为：Fe —2e → Fe2+B．若d为铜片，则铁片腐蚀加快C．若d为锌片，则铁片上的电极反应为：2H++2e → H2↑D．若d为锌片，则这种保护铁片的方法属于牺牲阳极的阴极保护法13．实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如右图所示。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学试题(解析版)
2019年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试化学试卷（解析版）相对原子质量：C-12 O-16 S-32一．选择题(每题2分，共20 个选择题，每道题只有一个正确选项，总计40分。
）Og中文名为（气奥），是一种人工合成的稀有气体元素，下列正确的是（）1. 元素295118A. 核外电子数是118B. 中子数是295C. 质量数是117D. 第六周期0族元素【答案】A【知识点】原子结构，原子和原子核的构成【考查能力】理解能力【解析】根据原子的表示方法，左下角数字表示质量数118，因为原子呈中性，所以核外电子数等于质量数118.所以选A。
【难度】易【题分】2分2.下列变化中，只涉及物理变化的是（）A. 次氯酸漂白B. 盐酸除锈C. 石油分馏D. 煤干馏【答案】C【知识点】考查物质的变化，煤和石油的净化，盐酸除锈的原理，次氯酸的漂白性。
【考查能力】熟记理解能力【解析】次氯酸具有漂白性，次氯酸漂白是化学变化，所以A错，盐酸除锈利用盐酸与铁锈的反应，是化学变化，B 错。
石油分离利用烃的沸点差异，是物理变化，C正确。
煤干馏指的是在隔绝空气的情况下高温加热煤得到焦炭，煤焦油，焦炉气等的过程。
属于化学变化，D错误。
【难度】易【题分】2分3. 下列反应只需破坏共价键的是（）A. 晶体硅熔化B. 碘升华C. 熔融Al2O3D. NaCl溶于水【答案】A【知识点】化学键与晶体【考查能力】将所学知识与试题内容相联系，解决化学问题的能力。
【解析】晶体硅为原子晶体，硅原子间以共价键结合，因此融化时只破坏共价，A正确。
碘单质为分子晶体，升华克服分子间作用力，B错。
Al2O3为离子晶体，融化破怀离子键，C错误。
NaCl为离子晶体，溶于水电离成钠离子和氯离子，破坏离子键，D错误。
【难度】易【题分】2分4. 下列固体质量增加的是（）A. Cu加入氯化铁B. Zn加入硫酸C. H2通入灼热氧化铜D. 高温下水蒸气通入Fe【答案】D【知识点】 物质的变化，间接考查化学反应方程式。
青浦区2019一高三一模卷(含答案)
青浦区2019学年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷（时间120分钟，满分140分）Q2019.12考生注意：1．本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 10. B. 20. C. 30. D. 40.2. A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A judge. D. A doctor.3. A. In the school clinic. B. In the bookstore.C. In the teacher’s office.D. In the theatre.4. A. The man didn’t even know Jenny. B. Jenny changed the color of her hair.C. The woman dialed Jenny last week.D. The man didn’t notice Jenny’s hair.5. A. He kept awake last night, feeling hot.B. He stayed up late last night, working hard.C. He didn’t have an air conditioner in his room.D. He didn’t go to work last night because he was tired.6. A. Checking in. B. Giving suggestions.C. Making complaints.D. Looking for the toilet.7. A. Reasonable. B. Practical. C. Serious. D. Ridiculous.8. A. He was attracted. B. He was puzzled.C. He was bored.D. He was unconscious.9. A. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.B. The piece of music the man played is very popular.C. The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.D. The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.10. A. Whether the houses are for sale.B. Whether the article is worth reading.C. Whether the house developers are negative.D. Whether paying a visit to the house is helpful.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunlight exposure. B. Stress level.C. Health risks.D. Lifestyle.12. A. Because fatty fish contain Vitamin A & D.B. Because eyes have special needs for nutrition.C. Because eye maintenance mainly relies on foods.D. Because leafy green vegetables are rich in nutrition.13. A. By using computers with 24-inch screens. B. By glaring at the screen.C. By reducing exposure to blue light.D. By rubbing the eye every two hours. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Contented and relieved. B. Anxious and depressed.C. Proud but a bit nervous.D. Excited but a bit sad.15. A. Choose the right school for them. B. Help them to learn by themselves.C. Read books and magazines to them.D. Set an example for them to follow.16. A. Their intelligence. B. The quality of their school.C. Their family life.D. The effort put in learning.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Mother and son. B. Tour guide and visitor.C. Husband and wife.D. Shop assistant and customer.18. A. It will not be fun with Mr. Whitehead hosting.B. It is a comedy show she has watched before.C. It has been criticized in the local papers.D. It consists of a lot of different acts.19. A. It has little impact on people’s daily life. B. It sounds quite alarming.C. It is getting more serious these days.D. It seems a depressing topic.20. A. Watch a charity comedy. B. Go and see Carmen.C. Look after the kids.D. Book tickets for City Theatre.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mako sharks get new protectionsAt the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva, countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade. GENEV A made the proposal (21) ______ more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102-40 vote at the global wildlifetrade summit. The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end, when all appendix (附录) change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted.The proposal, debated at this year’s CITES Conference, lists mako sharks under Appendix II, me aning that they can’t be traded (22) ______ it can be shown that fishing wouldn’t threaten their chances for survival. Conservationists say this was the world’s last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing.(23) ______ (list) mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation. More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico. Nonetheless, conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries—primarily the United States, Canada, and Japan—(24) ______ tip the scale. Japan opposed the measure during the debates, and the United States announced afterward it (25) ______ (vote) no.In the past, the U.S. and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES, but not so in this case, (26) ______ commercial interests. For a lot of these countries, they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing. Suddenly, when they’re be ing asked to be responsible, rather than asking other people to be responsible, they’re (27) ______ (little) keen to take it on board.The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered, saying an (28) ______ (estimate) 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations, or about 75 years. They (29) ______ (target) for their fins (鳍), used in shark fin soup—a dish in Asian countries, that’s often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests. Their meat is more edible compared to (30) ______ of other sharks, which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for “pennies on the dollar”.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.I n between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi, there’s one more option for you —a bar that has “pure air”. Delhi’s first-ever oxygen bar —named “Oxy Pure”—offers 15 minutes of 80-90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299.The bar, __31__ in May, also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen. The aromas include lemongrass, cherry, mango and more.Customers are given a lightweight tube, used for supplementary oxygen __32__. The device is placed near the customer’s nose through which they are adv ised to breathe in the aroma-filled oxygen.According to the aroma you choose, each session __33__ to improve one’s sleep patterns anddigestion, cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for __34__.“I was passing by and saw that they were offeri ng pure oxygen. I thought I would give it a try and went for the lemongrass flavour. It was __35__,” Manjul Mehta, a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily.Speaking to Delhi Daily, Bonny Irengbam, senior sales assistant at the bar, said customers were __36__ positively after a few sessions.“Some people, who try it for the first time, will feel relaxed and fresh. But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real __37__ of the aroma,” he added. “Though we have regular customers, we don’t encou rage back-to-back sessions, as __38__ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy. It is __39__ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10-15 minute sessions a day,” he said.Dr. Rajesh Chawla, a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side-effects, it does not help in the long run either. “Even if you breathe in the so-called pure oxygen for two hours in a day, you will go back to breathing the polluted air for the rest of the 22 hours”, he said. He added that the concept is purely a(n) __40__ move.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile (脆弱的) environments and their local cultures can be __41__. Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages，it can even be a(n) __42__ for refreshing local cultures. And a growing number of adventure tourism __43__ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local __44__. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays-d’Enhaut resulted in __45__ being imposed on their growth. There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a __46__ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by __47__ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase __48__. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed __49__ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to __50__ high-quality handicrafts and artwork. Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly __51__ with jewelry.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the __52__ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. __53__, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to __54__ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are __55__ that, with firm combined decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the normal status, rather than the exception.41. A. promoted B. minimized C. inherited D. deleted42. A. vehicle B. responsibility C. example D. entrance43. A. operators B. professors C. mayors D. journalists44. A. committee B. culture C. scenery D. economy45. A. views B. burdens C. limits D. qualifications46. A. costly B. critical C. reliable D. sensible47. A. responsible B. native C. thoughtful D. outside48. A. locally B. extensively C. virtually D. typically49. A. positive B. personalized C. similar D. primary50. A. estimate B. collect C. appreciate D. purchase51. A. relevant B. successful C. combined D. impressed52. A. desire B. solution C. appeal D. priority53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Besides54. A. balance B. meet C. require D. recognize55. A. complaining B. mentioning C. demonstrating D. protestingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag.McCoy, 36, could relate all too well. One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in anabandoned house, had recently been stolen. Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner.He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag. After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse. McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner. “But I am the owner,” the woman said. “That’s my purse.”A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen. Now she came across a tall, messy-looking man holding it tightly. She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape.At Smith’s urging, McCoy told her his story. He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs.Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help. “I’m a drug addict,” McCoy warned. “I don’t want to intrude on your life; I’m probably gonna let you down.”Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab (戒毒所), call me.” She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it. Two days later, she got a call.Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida. While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing. “We were getting to know each other,” Smith says. “His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one.” After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins H ospital, McCoy is drug-free. He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered his rent, groceries, and incidentals. His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another’s lo ss.56. What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag?A. The urge to find a business partner.B. The resolution to recover his sleeping bag.C. His own unfortunate experience.D. His anger over the poor living condition.57. What was McCoy’s initial reaction towards Smith’s intention to help?A. Enthusiasm.B. Resistance.C. Hostility.D. Gratitude.58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. McCoy was a victim of an identity theft.B. Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request.C. McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith.D. Smith covered McCoy’s living expense in the recovery centre.59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Drug-abuse Can Heal.B. Lost and Found.C. Mutual Communication Matters.D. Good Deeds Repaid.(B)Growing Green ThumbsCallie’s Kids by Calloway NurseryDenton, 940/591-8865;Flower Mound, 972/691-2650;Lewisville, 972/315-3133.LEARN: Kids ages 5-12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with a parent/caregiver’s supervision at 9:30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August. A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45-minute session (beginning on June 2). Preregistration online is required.COST: FreeDenton Children’s Community Garden2200 Bowling Green Ave., Denton, 940/349-2883.LEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more. The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more. 10 am-5 pm on Saturdays.COST: FreeCoppell Community Gardens255 Parkway Blvd., Coppell.LEARN: Kids of all ages (with a parent/caregiver) can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden (255 Parkway Blvd.) or Ground Delivery Garden (450 S. Denton Tap Road). Children will have the opportunity to till(耕) the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more. Mastergardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community's farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank. Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am.COST: Free60. If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens, he / she ______.A. needs to register online before handB. should be present every Wednesday morningC. must be under supervision throughout the yearD. can visit for more information61. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All the three gardens are based in Denton.B. Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions.C. Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home.D. Activities in Denton Children’s Community Gardens are entertaining.62. This piece of writing is most probably issued by ______.A. a food industry in bad need of fundingB. a website promoting gardening facilitiesC. an institution offering learning programsD. an association publicizing botanical gardens(C)Though the spread of good reproduction(复制品) of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. Art museums are often called “treasure houses”. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment.Furthermore, consideration of the “value”of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned ahuge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work.The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This “displacement effect”is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved.Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”, “original” readings of the exhibits.63. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate ______.A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of artB. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic valuesC. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselvesD. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes64. The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they ______.A. lack the knowledge neededB. fear it may have financial implicationsC. have no real concept of the wo rk’s valueD. feel their personal reaction is of no significance65. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, the appreciation of a painting does not ______.A. involve direct contact with an audienceB. require a specific location for performanceC. need the involvement of other professionalsD. call for a specific beginning or ending66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Original work: killer of artistic appreciationB. Original work: reduction to value of art worksC. Original work: substitute for reproductionD. Original work: art historians’ bread and butterSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta —blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%. In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired — in the patients enrolled into the study the averageejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Social media and teens’ anxietyFrom cyber-bullying to cruel comments, social media can be a land mine for kids. Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens. With kids’ digital well-being a concern, researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates, tech addiction, and loss of real-life social skills. Many parents are wondering: Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety?It’s a question that worried parents. Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids, but it’s difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support. How kids use social media matters, too. Social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms, which often co-occur with anxiety.How can parents keep social media a positive for kids?1. Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn’t invite you to can really be upsetting. If your kid is tired of digital drama, suggest they take a break from social media for a while. In fact, if they post a status update that they’re taking a break, their friends might be very accepting because they’ve had similar feelings.2. People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect — not the homework struggles, or the fight they had with their dad. Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out — and that everyone has ups and downs.3. In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat, it’s doubly important for them to feel as though they’re cultivating their inner lives. Prompt them to balance social media with soul-nourishing activities such as hobbies, exercise, reading, and helping others. Otherwise, what are they going to show off about on social media?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．艺术节开幕式上学生的演出真是太棒了！（performance）73．图书管理员提醒新生，杂志阅毕要放回原处。
2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷
2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷一、选择题〔此题共40分，每题2分，每题只有一个正确选项〕．1．〔2分〕铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料，它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性．铝合金的以下性质与这些特性无关的是〔〕A．不易生锈B．导电性好C．密度小D．硬度大2．〔2分〕以下属于同位素的两种微粒是〔〕A．CH4和C3H8B．O2和O3C．35Cl和37ClD．H2和D23．〔2分〕以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是〔〕A．金刚石熔化B．氯化氢溶于水C．氢氧化钾熔化D．冰融化4．〔2分〕以下物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于强电解质的是〔〕A．酒精B．冰醋酸C．硝酸钾D．醋酸钠5．〔2分〕对氧原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的选项是〔〕A．自旋方向不同B．电子云形状一样C．能量不同D．在同一轨道上6．〔2分〕Na、Mg、S、Cl是第三周期的四种元素，以下判断错误的选项是〔〕A．碱性NaOH＞Mg〔OH〕2B．原子半径r〔Mg〕＜r〔S〕C．离子半径r〔Na+〕＞r〔Mg2+〕D．氧化性Cl2＞S7．〔2分〕工业上合成氨的反响如下：N2〔g〕+3H2〔g〕⇌2NH3〔g〕，以下措施中，既能加快反响速率，又能增大氢气转化率的是〔〕A．升高温度B．增大容器体积C．移走氨气D．增加氮气8．〔2分〕以下关于CH4的描述正确的选项是〔〕A．是平面构造B．是极性分子C．含有非极性键D．构造式为9．〔2分〕配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到以下仪器中的〔〕A．B．C．D．10．〔2分〕某工厂运输NH3的管道出现小孔导致NH3泄漏，技术人员常常用一种挥发性液体进展检查，你觉得该液体最有可能是〔〕A．浓盐酸B．烧碱C．浓硫酸D．碳酸钠溶液11．〔2分〕以下过程只涉及物理变化的是〔〕A．醋酸除水垢B．石油分馏C．煤的气化D．海水中提取碘12．〔2分〕关于图所示装置〔海水为弱碱性〕的说法错误的选项是〔〕A．假设d为石墨，那么铁片上的电子反响为：Fe﹣2e→Fe2+B．假设d为铜片，那么铁片腐蚀加快C．假设d为锌片，那么铁片上的电极反响为：2H++2e→H2↑D．假设d为锌片，那么这种保护铁片的方法属于牺牲阳极的阴极保护法13．〔2分〕实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如右图所示。
【推荐】青浦区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测化学试题及答案
青浦区2018~2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研化学试卷（时间60分钟，满分100分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：C-12 H-1 O-16 S-32 Na-23 Ca-40一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）。
1．铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料，它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性。
铝合金的下列性质与这些特性无关的是A．不易生锈 B ．导电性好 C. 密度小D．硬度大2．下列属于同位素的两种微粒是A．CH4和C3H8B．O2和O3C．35Cl和37Cl D．H2和D23. 以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是A．金刚石熔化B．氯化氢溶于水C．氢氧化钾熔化D．冰融化4．下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于强电解质的是A．酒精B．冰醋酸C．硝酸钾D．醋酸钠5．对氧原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的是A．自旋方向不同B．电子云形状相同C．能量不同 D.在同一轨道上6．Na、Mg、S、Cl是第三周期的四种元素，下列判断错误的是A．碱性NaOH>Mg(OH)2B．原子半径r(Mg)<r(S)C．离子半径r(Na+)>r(Mg2+) D．氧化性Cl2>S7．工业上合成氨的反应如下：N2(g)+ 3H2(g)2NH3(g)，以下措施中，既能加快反应速率，又能增大氢气转化率的是A．升高温度B．增大容器体积C．移走氨气D．增加氮气8．下列关于CH4的描述正确的是A.是平面结构B. 是极性分子C.含有非极性键D. 结构式为9．配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到下列仪器中的A B C D10．某工厂运输NH3的管道出现小孔导致NH3泄漏，技术人员常常用一种挥发性液体进行检查，该液体最有可能是A．浓盐酸B．烧碱C．浓硫酸D．碳酸钠11．下列过程只涉及物理变化的是A．醋酸除水垢B．石油分馏C．煤的气化D．海水中提取碘12．关于右图所示装置（海水为弱碱性）的说法错误的是A．若d为石墨，则铁片上的电子反应为：Fe —2e →Fe2+B．若d为铜片，则铁片腐蚀加快C．若d为锌片，则铁片上的电极反应为：2H+ +2e →H2↑D．若d为锌片，则这种保护铁片的方法属于牺牲阳极的阴极保护法13．实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如右图所示。
上海市2019年高考化学模拟试题及答案
上海市2019年⾼考化学模拟试题及答案上海市2019年⾼考化学模拟试题及答案（试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟）⼀、选择题（共7⼩题，每⼩题6分，共42分，每⼩题只有⼀个选项符合题意）1．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A. 常温常压下，22.4 L⼄烯中含C-H键的数⽬为4N AB．0.1 mol/L的NaHSO4溶液中含有阳离⼦的数⽬为0.2N AC．0. Imol Cl2与过量NaOH溶液反应，转移电⼦数⽬为0.2N AD．7.8 g Na2S与7.8 g Na2O2中含有的阴离⼦数⽬均为0.IN A2．温度和压强相同时，在体积相同的两个密闭容器甲和⼄，甲中充满O2⽓体，⼄中充满O2和O3的混合⽓体，下列说法正确的是A．两容器中⽓体的质量相等B．两容器中⽓体的分⼦数⽬相等C．两容器中⽓体的氧原⼦数⽬相等D．两容器中⽓体的密度相等3. 在指定条件下，下列粒⼦⼀定能⼤量共存的是A．使酚酞变红⾊的溶液中：Na+、Fe3+、SO42-、Cl-B．饱和氯⽔中：K+、Na+、Cl-、HSO3-C．室温下，pH=13的溶液中：Na+、K+、SiO32-、Cl-D．1.0mol/L的KNO3溶液：H+、Fe2+、Cl-、SO32-4．化学反应速率和化学反应的限度是化⼯⽣产研究的主要问题之⼀．下列对化学反应速率和反应限度的认识正确的是A．决定化学反应速率的主要因素是光照、超声波、压强和催化剂等B．化学反应速率理论是研究怎样提⾼原料转化率的C．可逆反应到⼀定程度时，会出现正、逆反应速率相等，各物质浓度相等的现象D．化学限度（即平衡）理论，是研究怎样改变反应条件，提⾼产品的产率5．某溶液中含有的离⼦可能是K+、Ba2+、A13+、Mg2+、A1O2-、CO32-、SiO32-、C1-中的⼏种，现进⾏如下实验：①取少量溶液加氢氧化钠溶液过程中⽆沉淀⽣成；②另取少量原溶液，逐滴加⼊5 mL 0.2 mol ? L-1的盐酸，发⽣的现象是开始产⽣沉淀并逐渐增多，沉淀量基本不变后产⽣⽓体，最后沉淀逐渐减少⾄消失；③在上述②沉淀消失后的溶液中，再加⼊⾜量的硝酸银溶液可得到沉淀0.435 g。
2019年上海市高考化学试卷和答案解析
2019年上海市高考化学试卷1. 元素中文名为气奥，是一种人工合成的稀有气体元素，下列正确的是( )A. 核外电子数是118B. 中子数是295C. 质量数是117D. 第六周期0族元素2. 下列变化中，只涉及物理变化的是( )A. 次氯酸漂白B. 盐酸除锈C. 石油分馏D. 煤干馏3. 下列反应只需破坏共价键的是( )A. 晶体硅熔化B. 碘升华C. 熔融D. NaCl溶于水4. 下列固体质量增加的是( )A. Cu加入氯化铁B. Zn加入硫酸C. 通入灼热氧化铜D. 高温下水蒸气通入Fe5. 时，中浓度是( )A.B.C.D.6. 所有原子处于同一平面的是( )A. B.C. D.7. 已知有一种烃的结构类似自行车，简称“自行车烃”，如下图所示，下列关于它的叙述正确的是( )A. 易溶于水B. 可以发生取代反应C. 其密度大于水的密度D. 与环己烷为同系物8. 聚异戊二烯的单体是( )A. B.C. D.9. 下列说法错误的是( )A. 含有共价键的化合物是共价化合物B. 含有极性键的分子可能是非极性分子C. 有电子转移的反应是氧化还原反应D. 水溶液中能完全电离的电解质是强电解质10. 用镁带和稀硫酸反应产生氢气来测定氢气的气体摩尔体积，所用的步骤有：①冷却至室温，②调节使水准管和量气管液面持平，③读数。
正确的顺序是( )A. ①②③B. ①③②C. ③①②D. ③②①11. 关于离子化合物有正价和负价，下列说法正确的是( )A. N为价B. 阴阳离子个数比是1：1C. 阴离子为8电子稳定结构D. 阳离子的电子数为1112. 能证明亚硫酸钠中部分变质所需要的试剂是( )A. 硝酸钡，稀硫酸B. 稀盐酸，氯化钡C. 稀硫酸，氯化钡D. 稀硝酸，氯化钡13. 用标准盐酸溶液滴定未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液，用甲基橙作指示剂，下列说法正确的是( )A. 可以用酚酞代替指示剂B. 滴定前用待测液润洗锥形瓶C. 若氢氧化钠吸收少量，不影响滴定结果D. 当锥形瓶内溶液由橙色变为红色，且半分钟内不褪色，即达到滴定终点14. 下列物质分离括号内的物质为杂质的方法错误的是( )A. 硝基苯苯——蒸馏B. 乙烯——氢氧化钠溶液C. 己烷己烯——溴水，分液D. 乙酸乙酯乙醇——碳酸钠溶液，分液15. 短周期元素m、n、p、q在元素周期表中的排序如图所示，其中m的气态氢化物与其最高价氧化物对应的水化物能反应。
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2019年上海市青浦区高考化学一模试卷一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）1. 铝合金是一种建筑装潢材料，它具有坚硬、轻巧、耐用的特性铝合金的下列性质与这些特性无关的是A. 不易生锈B. 导电性好C. 密度小D. 硬度大【答案】B【解析】解：铝镁合金用于制作门窗、防护栏等时主要是利用了铝镁合金具有耐腐蚀性、密度小、机械强度高等方面的特点，与导电性是否良好无关。
故选：B。
铝镁合金具有耐腐蚀性、密度小、机械强度高等方面的特点．本题考查的是合金的性质及应用，性质决定用途，用途体现性质，根据镁铝合金的性质判断即可，难度不大．2. 下列属于同位素的两种微粒是A. 和B. 和C. 和D. 和【答案】C【解析】解：和的结构相似，分子间相差2个原子团，二者互为同系物，故A错误；B.和为氧元素的不同单质，二者互为同素异形体，故B错误；C.和的质子数相同、中子数不同，二者互为同位素，故C正确；D.和都是氢气单质，不属于同位素，故D错误；故选：C。
质子数相同、中子数不同的原子之间互为同位素，即同种元素的不同原子之间互为同位素，同位素的研究对象为原子，据此进行判断。
本题考查同位素的判断，题目难度不大，明确同位素、同素异形体、同系物等概念即可解答，试题有利于提高学生的分析能力及灵活应用能力。
3. 以下过程与化学键断裂无关的是A. 金刚石熔化B. 氯化氢溶于水C. 氢氧化钾熔化D. 冰融化【答案】D【解析】解：金刚石熔化，共价键断裂，故A不选；B.氯化氢溶于水，发生电离，共价键断裂，故B不选；C.氢氧化钾熔化，发生电离，离子键断裂，故C不选；D.冰融化，为分子的状态变化，只破坏分子间作用力，化学键不变，故D选；故选：D。
化学变化及电解质的电离中均有化学键的断裂，分子的三态变化中无化学键的断裂，以此来解答。
本题考查化学键，为高频考点，把握物质中化学键、化学键的断裂为解答的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意选项A为解答的难点，题目难度不大。
4. 下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于强电解质的是A. 酒精B. 冰醋酸C. 硝酸钾D. 醋酸钠【答案】D【解析】解：酒精是非电解质，故A错误；B.冰醋酸是酸，能抑制水的电离，且冰醋酸是弱电解质，故B错误；C.硝酸钾是强电解质，向溶液中加入硝酸钾，溶液中氢离子浓度和氢氧根离子浓度不改变，即不能破坏水的电离，故C错误；D.醋酸钠在水中完全电离出自由移动的醋酸根和钠离子，所以是强电解质，并且醋酸根能与水电离出的氢离子结合生成醋酸，促进水的电离，故D正确；故选：D。
电解质是指在水溶液或熔化状态下能导电的化合物，强电解质是在水溶液中能完全电离的电解质；水的电离方程式为，加入的物质或离子能影响水电离平衡的移动，则破坏水的电离，据此分析解答；本题主要考查了电解质的概念和影响水的电离因素，掌握电解质必须是自身电离的化合物，加入含弱电解质的离子的物质促进水的电离是解答的关键，题目难度不大。
5. 对氧原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的是A. 自旋方向不同B. 电子云形状相同C. 能量不同D. 在同一轨道上【答案】B【解析】解：轨道又分三个轨道，不同电子优先占据空轨道，并且自旋方向相同，所以氧原子核外两个未成对电子，自旋方向相同，故A错误；B.氧原子核外两个未成对电子，都属于2p轨道，p轨道沿x、y、z轴的方向电子云密度大，呈现哑铃型，则电子云形状相同，故B正确；C.氧原子核外两个未成对电子，都属于2p轨道，能量相同，故C错误；D.p轨道又分三个轨道，不同电子优先占据空轨道，所以氧原子核外两个未成对电子，不在同一轨道，故D 错误。
故选：B。
氧元素基态原子核外电子排布式为，2p能级中4个电子在三个轨道中排布，其未成对电子数是2，都属于2p轨道，能量相同，形状相同，由于p轨道又分三个轨道，不同电子优先占据空轨道，所以碳原子核外两个未成对电子，不在同一轨道，并且自旋方向相同，据此分析解答。
本题考查原子轨道与电子排布的有关问题，比较基础，难度不大，注意同一能层相同能级上的电子能量相同，电子云形状相同。
6. Na、Mg、S、Cl是第三周期的四种元素，下列判断错误的是A. 碱性B. 原子半径C. 离子半径D. 氧化性【答案】B【解析】解：A、金属性越强，最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性越强，金属性，所以碱性，故A正确；B、同周期从左往右原子半径逐渐减小，硫的原子序数大于镁的原子序数，硫在镁的右边，所以原子半径，故B错误；C、电子层结构相同，核电核数越多半径越小，镁原核电荷大于钠，所以离子半径，故C 正确；D、元素非金属性越强对应单质的氧化性越强，氯元素的非金属性强于硫元素，所以化性，故D正确；故选：B。
A、金属性越强，最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性越强；B、同周期从左往右原子半径逐渐减小；C、电子层结构相同，核电核数越多半径越小；D、元素非金属性越强对应单质的氧化性越强；本题考查原子结构与元素周期律的关系，题目难度不大，明确元素周期律的内容为解答关键，注意熟练掌握原子结构与元素周期律、元素周期表的关系，试题有利于提高学生的灵活应用能力。
7. 工业上合成氨的反应如下：，以下措施中，既能加快反应速率，又能增大氢气转化率的是A. 升高温度B. 增大容器体积C. 移走氨气D. 增加氮气【答案】D【解析】解：合成氨为放热反应，升高温度平衡逆向移动，氢气的转化率减小，故A不选；B.增大体积，浓度减小，反应速率减小，故B不选；C.移走氨气，生成物浓度减小，反应速率减小，故C不选；D.增加氮气，反应物浓度增大反应速率加快，且平衡正向移动，促进氢气的转化，氢气的转化率增大，故D选；故选：D。
升高温度、增大压强、增大浓度均可加快反应速率，平衡正向移动可增大氢气的转化率，以此来解答。
本题考查化学平衡，为高频考点，把握温度、压强、浓度对反应速率及平衡的影响为解答的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意平衡移动原理的应用，题目难度不大。
8. 下列关于的描述正确的是A. 是平面结构B. 是极性分子C. 含有非极性键D. 结构式为【答案】D【解析】解：甲烷为正四面体结构的分子，只含极性键，结构对称，为非极性分子，其结构式为，只有D正确，故选：D。
甲烷为正四面体结构的分子，只含极性键，结构对称，为非极性分子，以此来解答。
本题考查有机物的结构，为高频考点，把握甲烷中化学键、结构为解答的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意甲烷不是平面结构，题目难度不大。
9. 配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到下列仪器中的A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】解：配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，需要用到的玻璃仪器是烧杯、玻璃棒、容量瓶、胶头滴管等，分液漏斗主要用于分液实验操作、锥形瓶主要用于蒸馏实验操作、坩埚主要用于灼烧实验操作，所以4个选项中，配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到的仪器是容量瓶。
故选：A。
配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，需要用到的玻璃仪器是烧杯、玻璃棒、容量瓶、胶头滴管，据此解答。
考查对仪器的认识、一定物质的量浓度溶液的配制，比较基础，注意基础知识的掌握，题目难度小。
10. 某工厂运输的管道出现小孔导致泄漏，技术人员常常用一种挥发性液体进行检查，你觉得该液体最有可能是A. 浓盐酸B. 烧碱C. 浓硫酸D. 碳酸钠溶液【答案】A【解析】解：A、浓盐酸具有挥发性，能和氨气之间反应产生白烟，可以进行泄漏，故A正确；B、烧碱没有挥发性，不会和氨气之间反应，故B错误；C、浓硫酸没有挥发性，可以喝氨气之间反应生成白烟，不符合要求，故C错误；D、碳酸钠溶液没有挥发性，不能和氨气之间反应，故D错误。
故选：A。
根据题意，符合要求的物质具有的条件是：易挥发；能和氨气之间反应伴随明显的现象即可。
本题考查学生氨气的性质，注意总结常见的具有挥发性的物质，熟记物质的性质并灵活应用是解题关键所在，难度中等。
11. 下列过程只涉及物理变化的是A. 醋酸除水垢B. 石油分馏C. 煤的气化D. 海水中提取碘【答案】B【解析】解：醋酸除水垢是利用醋酸与碳酸钙反应生成二氧化碳和醋酸钙的过程，是化学变化，故A错误；B.石油分馏是利用石油中各个馏分的沸点不同将其蒸馏分离的过程，没有生成新物质，是物理变化，故B 正确；C.煤的气化是碳与水蒸气反应生成水煤气的过程，是化学变化，故C错误；D.海水中提取碘涉及到萃取物理变化，但也涉及到加双氧水等氧化剂将氧化生成这一化学变化，所以与题意不完全符合，故D错误；故选：B。
物理变化与化学变化的本质区别是：是否有新物质生成，物理变化中没有新物质生成，化学变化中有新物质生成，据此解答。
本题考查了物理变化与化学变化的判断，明确概念的实质是解题关键，注意二者本质区别：是否有新物质生成，题目简单。
12. 关于图所示装置海水为弱碱性的说法错误的是A. 若d为石墨，则铁片上的电子反应为：B. 若d为铜片，则铁片腐蚀加快C. 若d为锌片，则铁片上的电极反应为：D. 若d为锌片，则这种保护铁片的方法属于牺牲阳极的阴极保护法【答案】C【解析】解：A、活泼金属作负极，发生氧化反应，若d为石墨，则铁片为负极，电极反应为：，故A正确；B、若d为铜片，则铁片为负极，发生氧化反应，铁片腐蚀加快，故B正确；C、若d为锌片，则锌为负极，铁为正极发生还原反应，电极反应式为：，故C 错误；D、若d为锌片，则锌为负极，铁为正极，所以保护了铁，这种方法叫牺牲阳极的阴极保护法，故D正确；故选：C。
A、活泼金属作负极，发生氧化反应；B、若d为铜片，则铁片为负极，发生氧化反应；C、若d为锌片，则锌为负极，铁为正极发生还原反应；D、若d为锌片，则锌为负极，铁为正极，所以保护了铁。
本题考查了原电池原理，根据电极上得失电子判断正负极，再结合电极反应类型、电子流向来分析解答，熟记原电池原理，难点是电极反应式的书写。
13. 实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如右图所示。
下列说法正确的是A. 烧瓶中加入乙醇、浓硫酸和碎瓷片B. 反应温度控制在C. 导出的气体能使溴水褪色，可以证明反应生成乙烯D. 可用向上排气法收集乙烯【答案】A【解析】解：加热液体混合物要防暴沸，所以烧瓶中加入乙醇、浓硫酸和碎瓷片，故A正确；B.浓硫酸与乙醇反应加热到生成乙烯，反应温度控制在生成乙醚，故B错误；C.部分浓硫酸与乙醇反应生成二氧化硫，二氧化硫具有强的还原性，能使溴水褪色，所以导出的气体能使溴水褪色，可不一定是乙烯，故C错误；D.乙烯的密度与空气相近，不能用排空气法收集，应该用排水法收集，故D错误。
故选：A。
A.加热液体混合物要防暴沸；B.生成乙烯的条件是；C.浓硫酸的还原产物二氧化硫具有强的还原性；D.乙烯的密度与空气相近。
本题考查乙醇与浓硫酸反应制备乙烯的实验，为高频考点，侧重于实验方案评价的考查，注意把握实验原理和注意事项，题目难度不大，注意相关基础知识的积累。