第八次课 动词之感官动词 和使役动词
感官动词(1)
first 感官动词1. 感官动词是表示人的感官动作，常见的有see/notice/look/watch/listen to/hear/feel/taste/smell/sound 等。
2. 感官动词的用法（1） 感官动词+宾语+V 表示经历事件的完整过程感官动词+宾语+Ving 表示动作正在进行，经历事件的部分过程感官动词+宾语+Ved 表示宾语与do 是被动关系I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.注意：若不定式作感官动词的补足语，用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to 不定式We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant.I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day.（2）look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可当系动词，后接形容词。
He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft.I felt tired. They all looked tired.这些动词都不用于被动语态。
英语语法速记之感官使役动词用法
使用口诀： 感使动词真奇怪, to在句中象妖怪。 主动句里它走开, 被动句里它回来。
英语语法速记之-感官使役动词用法
feel hear, listen to make, let, have look at, see, watch, notice
英语语法速记之-感官使役动词用法
当这些感官使役动词后面接动词不定式结构做宾补 时, 主动语态要省略to：
英语语法速记之-感官使, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice 使役动词有：have, let, make
记忆口诀： 一感: feel 二听: hear, listen to 三使 :make, let, have 四看: look at, see, watch, notice
被动语态中，须要把to还原，结构转换如下： make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.→ sb.+ be +made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.
例句： I see him enter the room. (主动句) → He is seen to enter the room. (被动句)
使用口诀： 感使动词真奇怪, to在句中象妖怪。 主动句里它走开, 被动句里它回来。
结构是：make/ see/ hear/watch sb. do something (但是要注意： 不仅仅可接省略to的不定式 ，还可 接doing/done, 表示的动作状态不一样。）
例句： I see her sing a song
英语动词的用法口诀
英语动词的用法口诀英语动词是英语学习中的重要部分，掌握其用法对于准确表达意思至关重要。
为了帮助大家更好地理解和运用英语动词，下面为大家总结了一些实用的用法口诀。
一、一般现在时“一般现在时，动词用原形；主语是三单，动词要变形。
”这意味着在一般现在时态中，如果主语不是第三人称单数（如 I、you、we、they 等），动词就使用原形。
但当主语是第三人称单数（he、she、it 或单数名词）时，动词要进行相应的变化，通常是在动词后面加“s”或“es”。
例如：“I play football every day”（我每天踢足球。
）“He plays football every day”（他每天踢足球。
）二、现在进行时“现在进行时，be 加动词 ing；动作正进行，别忘 be 变形。
”现在进行时用于表示正在进行的动作，其结构是“be 动词（am/is/are）＋动词的现在分词（ing 形式）”。
同时，要注意 be 动词根据主语的不同进行变化。
比如：“I am reading a book”（我正在读书。
）“They are playing basketball”（他们正在打篮球。
）三、一般过去时“一般过去时，动词加 ed；不规则变化，单独要记清。
”一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态，大部分动词在过去时中直接在词尾加“ed”。
但也有很多不规则动词，它们的过去式需要单独记忆，比如“go went”“have had”“eat ate”等。
举个例子：“I played computer games yesterday”（我昨天玩了电脑游戏。
）四、过去进行时“过去进行时，was/were 加 doing；过去某时刻，动作正发生。
”过去进行时强调在过去的某个具体时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作，其结构是“was/were ＋动词的现在分词”。
例如：“I was watching TV at eight o'clock last night”（昨晚八点我正在看电视。
1 动词之感官动词与使役动词
3．使役动词的被动语态 使役动词的被动语态 ( ) 1．Tom won the competition and this news made his mother ______. A happy A. B happily B. C. happiness D. to be happy ) 2．His mother made ______ yesterday to celebrate his birthday. A a cake to him A. B a cake him B. C. a cake for him D. a cake at him
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) 3．The boss had the workers ______ the work within two days days. A. finish B. finished C fi C. finishing i hi D t D. to fi finish ih ) 4．---What are you going to do tomorrow? ---I I am going i t to h have my bik bike ______. A. repairs B. to repair C. repaired D. repairing ) 5．The woman got her daughter ______ the clothes by herself. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
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总结：直击中考 ) 1．The heavy snow made the mountain climbers ________ on their way. (2008 北京朝阳一模) A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped ) 2．---I don’t like the milk, but my mother always made me ______ it. ---Your mum is right. It’s good for you. (2005 北京西城一模) A. to eat B. eat C. to drink D. drink
感官及使役动词
Examples: I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. They watched the ball kicked into the goal
被动语态要还原 to
+ Obj. + do/doing/done
4. find sb./sth. {
doing done
发现…在做某事 发现 在做某事 发现…被做 发现 被做
Examples: They found the fire burning all night long. They found their house burned down.
5. make sb./sth. {
他请人帮他修好了表。 1. He had his watch repaired. 他请人帮他修好了表。 2. She’s so ill. You ought to have her examined. 3. Her father had a new house built. 4. When did you have the rooms painted? 5. He had his face and hands burned in the fire. 她病得很重。 她病得很重。你该叫人给 她看看。 她看看。 她父亲请人盖了间新房。 她父亲请人盖了间新房。 你何时叫人刷了房间？ 你何时叫人刷了房间？
do done
使…做某事 做某事 使…被做 被做
a. be made to do b. make oneself heard/understood/seen/known to…
6. leave sb. /sth {
感官动词与使役动词用法难点剖析
感官动词与使役动词用法难点剖析感官动词与使役动词用法是初二前几讲的重点内容。
感官、使役动词是中学英语最常见最实用的动词之一。
纵观历年高考试卷，测试感官、使役动词的试题可谓随处可见。
因此，剖析其难点、掌握其用法十分有必要。
所谓感官动词，是指表示人的感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。
如：notice／observe／see，look at，watch／hear，listen to／feel．（共８词）使役动词是指具有“使、叫、让”等意义的动词。
如：have make let（共３词）。
难点一：如何系统、准确地熟记中学教材出现的上述十一个感官、使役动词在复习过程中，本人总结出一条识记法则，效果很好。
即：“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。
”这个句子正好对应着上述10个动词，但“半帮助”是为了易记加上去的（因help后接的to可不省，故叫“半帮助”）。
难点二：对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别请看感官动词主动结构的用法（以hear为例）hear sb.do/doing/done即其后可接do（省to）／doing ／done 作宾补。
区别是：１）do／doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
２）do／doing都可表主动，但do指整个动作，经常性动作或强调动作完成了。
doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。
３）done指某事由别人做（被做），也作“遭受”解。
试比较：１）Ｉheard him sing a song．我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。
２）Ｉheard him singing a song．我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。
３）Ｉheard a song sung．我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。
）请看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb do/doing/done,make/let sb do/doing .have后也接do（省to）／doing／done作宾补，区别是：１）do／doing 均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
感官动词
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
A 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时 ，要用that
who:指代人，做主语
whom:指代人，做宾语，可以省略。它在口语和非正式用语中常用who代替，可以省略
The man who\whom you met just now is my brother.
which:指代事物，做主语、宾语。做宾语可以省略
whose:指代人、物，做定语，其后直接加名词
这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。
（3）look, sound, smell, taste, feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。
Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。
get
1. get的使动用法
（1） get +宾语+to do 使某人干某事
I can't get anyone to do the work properly
（2） get +宾语+done 表示宾语与do是被动关系
“感官使役与宾补 ”用法归纳
“感官使役与宾补”用法总结Mar 2, 2011感官动词和使役动词作谓语时，常接非谓语动词作宾补，下面把最常用的总结出来。
一．作谓语的感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find1.see1) I saw her get into the car and drive off.She was seen to get into the car and drive off.2) I saw her walking on the playground.She was seen walking on the playground.3) I’ve never seen the word used in this way.The word hasn’t been seen used in this way.2. hear1) I heard him come in just now.He was heard to come in just now.2) I hear him whispering.He is heard whispering.3) I heard the door opened.The door was heard opened.结论：感官动词+ 宾语+ do (整个过程已结束)doing (正在发生)done (被动)但：find1) I find him smoking.He is found smoking2) I find the door closed.The door is found closed.结论：find + 宾语+ doing /done; find后没有do 作宾补。
二．作谓语的使役动词：let, make, have, get, keep, leave1. letLet me help you.We won’t let the earth be destroyed in this way.结论：let + 宾语+ do / be done2. make1) The story made me sad.2) You may take a horse to the water but you can’t make him drink.3) His English is too poor to make himself understood .结论：make + 宾语+ adj./ do / done3. haveI’ll have Tom cut my hair.I’ll have my hair cut by Tom.The boss had us working day and night. (doing ,一直)结论：have + 宾语+ do / done / doing4. getMy mother never gets me to do housework.Your hair is too long. Go and get it cut.Can you get the clock going again? （doing，开始）结论：get + 宾语+ to do/ done/ doing5. keepI’m sorry to have kept you waiting.Keep the door closed.结论：keep + 宾语+ doing /done6. leaveDon’t leave the water running.Don’t leave your homework undone.结论：leave + 宾语+ doing /done。
初二感官动词的用法
初二感官动词的用法在初二英语的学习中，感官动词是一个重要的语法点。
掌握好感官动词的用法，对于提高英语语言的理解和表达能力有着至关重要的作用。
首先，让我们来了解一下什么是感官动词。
感官动词是指与我们的五种感官（视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉）相关的动词，常见的感官动词有 look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste （尝起来）、feel（感觉；摸起来）。
一、感官动词的基本用法1、感官动词＋形容词这是感官动词最常见的用法之一。
例如：“The cake tastes delicious”（这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。
）“The music sounds wonderful”（这音乐听起来很棒。
）“The flower smells sweet”（这花闻起来很香。
）“The silk feels soft”（这丝绸摸起来很柔软。
）“She looks beautiful”（她看起来很漂亮。
）需要注意的是，这里的形容词是用来描述主语给人的感觉或特征的。
2、感官动词＋ like ＋名词这种结构表示“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/摸起来像”。
比如：“It looks like a bird”（它看起来像一只鸟。
）“This song sounds like a folksong”（这首歌听起来像一首民歌。
）“The dish smells like fish”（这道菜闻起来像鱼。
）“The drink tastes like juice”（这饮料尝起来像果汁。
）“The stone feels like a ball”（这块石头摸起来像一个球。
）二、感官动词的实义动词用法1、 look当 look 表示“看；瞧”这一实义动作时，其后要接宾语，通常要与介词 at 连用。
例如：“Look at the blackboard, please”（请看黑板。
）2、 feelfeel 作为实义动词时，可以表示“触摸；摸索”等意思。
系动词和使役(感官)动词
语法专题六动词之系动词和使役（感官）动词一、【系动词考点诠释】1.系动词归纳① be:is,am,are,was, were②感官：sound（hear, listen ）________, look/appear(see,find,watch ) ________, smell________, taste________, feel________, ________,③保持：keep________, stay________,如：keep fit/healthy________, ________；stay awake________④变得：become, go, turn, get如：a. go bad(wrong, crazy, blind) ________, ________,________, ________,b. It gets dark. _______________.2. 系动词用法a. 后跟形容词（作表语）This kind of cloth feels very_______（soft/softly）.b.不用被动语态和进行时态判断：The fish is tasted delicious.二、【使役/感官动词考点诠释】1. 使役动词定义：表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的动词,主要有have, make,let,get。
2. 感官动词定义：表示人的感官动作方面对的动词主要有：①“二听”（listen，hear）②“三让”（let，make，have）③“四看”（look at，see，watch（观察），notice(注意到)。
3. 使役动词和感官动词的用法：see sb do sth 看到某人（，）做某事see sb doing sth 看到某人（一直）做某事see sb/sth done 看到某人/物被…….注意：see 可以换成have, make, let,get ，hear, listen，find, watch，notice。
感官动词的用法及口诀
感官动词的用法及口诀1、记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。
或：一感二听三使四看。
一感；feel二听：hear，listen to三使：make，let,have四看：look at,see,watch,notice2、使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪。
主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。
动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。
二、一些介词的使用口诀上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和“……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of，、owing to、due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点，ago、later表一段。
感官动词和使役动词语法详解-word文档
感官动词和使役动词语法详解一、感官动词1、see, hear, feel, watch, l ook, catch, notice, find, listen to, smell, seem, taste等感官动词后可接d o或d oing。
后接动词原形(do)表示动作的完整性，真实性；+d oing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。
I saw him work in the gard en yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调“我看见了”这个事实)I saw him working in the gard en. (强调“我见他正干活”这个动作) 我看见他正在花园里干活。
★感官动词中sound, feel, l ook, smell, taste还可以做系动词，后可接形容词。
This soup tastes d elicious. The id ea sounds great.This cl oth feels soft. She l ooks beautiful in red.The fl owers smell sweet.2、使役动词使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的动词，主要有make (使，令)，l et (让)，help (帮助)，have (叫)，get 等。
（1）役动词make, l et后可以接动词原形，表示让某人做某事。
He mad e me (宾格) laugh.他使我发笑。
注意：变为被动语态时，要加上to：I was mad e to laugh by him.（2）使役动词get的结构为：get +宾语+ to d o，表示让某人做某事。
例：The teacher mad e John copy the lesson ten times.= The teacher had John copy the lesson ten times.= The teacher got John to copy the lesson ten times.例：I had him mend my watch.= I got him to mend my watch.（3）help的常用结构为：help sb (to) d o sth / help sb with sth例：He helps me to study Chinese.Mary helps him with his pronunciation.（4）have做使役动词的用法1). have somebody d o sth让某人去做某事I had him arrange for a car.2). have somebody d oing sth.让某人持续做某事。
感官动词和使役动词语法详解
感官动词和使役动词语法详解一、感官动词1、see, hear, feel, watch, look, catch, notice, find, listen to, smell, se em, taste等感官动词后可接do或doing。
后接动词原形(do)表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调“我看见了”那个事实)I saw him working in the garden. (强调“我见他正干活”那个动作)我看见他正在花园里干活。
★感官动词中sound, feel, look, smell, taste还能够做系动词，后可接形容词。
This soup tastes delicious. The idea sounds great.This cloth feels soft. She looks beautiful in red.The flowers smell sweet.2、使役动词使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的动词，要紧有make (使，令)，let (让)，help (关心)，have (叫)，get 等。
（1）役动词make, let后能够接动词原形，表示让某人做某事。
He made me (宾格) laugh.他使我发笑。
注意：变为被动语态时，要加上to：I was made to laugh by him.（2）使役动词get的结构为：get +宾语+ to do，表示让某人做某事。
例：The teacher made John copy the lesson ten times.= The teacher had John copy the lesson ten times.= The teacher got John to copy the lesson ten times.例：I had him mend my watch.= I got him to mend my watch.（3）help的常用结构为：help sb (to) do sth / help sb with sth例：He helps me to study Chinese.Mary helps him with his pronunciation. （4）have做使役动词的用法1). have somebody do sth让某人去做某事I had him arrange for a car.2). have somebody doing sth.让某人连续做某事。
(完整word版)感官动词和使役动词
感官动词和使役动词使役动词，比如let make have就是3个比较重要的have sb to do 没有这个用法的只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事have sb do 让某人做某事have sth done 让某事被完成（就是让别人做）另外：使役动词1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。
2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。
He made me laugh.他使我发笑。
I let him go.我让他走开。
I helped him repair the car.我帮他修理汽车。
Please have him come here.请叫他到这里来。
3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。
I have my hair cut every month.我每个月理发。
4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。
(主)He made me laugh.他使我笑了。
(被)I was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。
使役动词有以下用法：a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事??i had him arrange for a car.b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。
??he had us laughing all through lunch.注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许”i won't have you running around in the house.我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。
********小议“使役动词”的用法1. have sb do 让某人干某事e.g:What would you have me do?have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任e.g: I won't have women working in our company.The two cheats had the light burning all night long.have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.He had his pocket picked.notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。
动词之感官动词与使役动词
动词之感官动词与使役动词感官动词考点突破:( )1．He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting ( )2．People often see him ______ basketball on the playground.A．play B．playing C．to play D．played ( )3．The girl is heard ______ the piano in the next room on Sundays.A．plays B．to play C．played D．play ( )4．Mary was seen______ along the street when the accident happened.A．to run B．running C．run D．ran使役动词1．什么是使役动词2．使役动词的用法3．使役动词的被动语态( )1．Tom won the competition and this news made his mother ______.A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．to be happy ( )2．His mother made ______ yesterday to celebrate his birthday.A．a cake to him B．a cake himC．a cake for him D．a cake at him( )3．The boss had the workers ______ the work within two days.A．finish B．finished C．finishing D．to finish ( )4．---What are you going to do tomorrow?---I am going to have my bike ______.A．repairs B．to repair C．repaired D．repairing ( )5．The woman got her daughter ______ the clothes by herself.A．washed B．wash C．washing D．to wash总结：直击中考( )1．The heavy snow made the mountain climbers ________ on their way. (2008 北京朝阳一模)A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped( )2．---I don’t like the milk, but my mother always made me ______ it.---Your mum is right. It’s good for you. (2005北京西城一模)A．to eat B．eat C．to drink D．drink( )3．The girl was heard ______ the piano in the next room. (2007 湖南中考)A．plays B．to play C．played D．play测试题单选1．“Don’t always make Michael _______________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,”Mr. Bush said to his wife.A．do B．to doC．does D．did2．Mother makes me _______________ my homework every day before I can play video games.A．finish B．finishedC．finishing D．to finish3．On my way home yesterday I saw a boy ___________________.A．flies a kite B．to fly a kiteC．flying a kite D．to flying a kite4．The doss made them _______________ ten hours a day.A．to work B．workingC．worded D．work5．----- Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?-----Just a minute, I’ll have Bob _________________ you to your room.A．show B．showsC．to show D．showing6．Betty is often seen _________________ the old man with his housework.A．help B．to helpC．helped D．helps7．----- Shopping with me?----- Sorry, I have a lot of clothes_________________.A．to wash B．washedC．wash D．to be washed8．You should und erstand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ________________ often enough.A．explaining B．to explainC．explain D．explained9．----- How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?----- It makes us _______________ proud.A．feel B．to feelC．felt D．feeling10．Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them ________________ how much they mean to us.A．to know B．knowingC．know D．knew答案：A A C D A B A D A C。
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中“宾语补足语”的用法
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语补足语的用法定义1．所谓感官动词，是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。
如：notice / observe / see / look at / watch / hear / listen to / feel（常见的共８词）.2．使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。
如：have/ let / make（常见的共３词）。
记忆与使用难点一：如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词口诀：“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。
”注意：“半帮助”是为了易记加上去的（因help后接的to可省可不省，故叫“半帮助”）。
难点二：对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别先看感官动词主动结构的用法（以hear为例）：hear sb. do/ doing/ done即其后可接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补。
区别是：1）do/ doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
２）do/ doing都可表主动，但do指整个动作，经常性动作或强调动作完成了。
doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。
３）done指某事由别人做（被做），也作“遭受”解。
试比较：A）I heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。
B）I heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。
C）I heared a song sung．我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。
）再看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ donehave后也接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补，区别是：１）do/ doing 均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
２）do/ doing虽然都表主动，但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。
感官动词、介词的口诀记忆法
感官动词、介词的口诀记忆法感官动词、介词的口诀记忆法1、记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。
或：一感二听三使四看。
一感;feel 二听：hear,listen to 三使：make ,let ,have 四看：look at,see,watch,notice 2、使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to 在句中象妖怪。
主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。
动词let 要除外，to 词可来可不来。
二、一些介词的使用口诀上午、晚要用in ，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in 将来时态in... 以后，小处at 大处in 。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in 。
介词at 和to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前on 代in 。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage 则用in 。
at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with ，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to mar。
this 、that 、tomorrow ，yesterday ，next 、last 、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over 、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。
besides ，except 分内外，among之内along 沿。
同类比较except ，加for 异类记心间。
原状because of, 、owing to 、due to 表语形容词under 后接修、建中，of 、from 物、化分。
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中“宾语补足语”的用法
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语补足语的用法定义1.所谓感官动词，是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。
女口：notice / ObSerVe / See / IOOk at /WatCh / hear / IiSten to / feel （常见的共8 词）.2.使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。
女恥have/ Iet /make （常见的共3词）。
难点一：如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词口诀：〃注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。
〃注意：〃半帮助〃是为了易记加上去的（因help后接的t。
可省可不省，故叫〃半帮助〃）。
难点二：对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别先看感官动词主动结构的用法（以hear为例）：hear sb. do/ doing/ done即其后可接do （省to） / doing/done作宾补。
区别是：1） do/ doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
2 ）do/ doing都可表主动，但do指整个动作，经常性动作或强调动作完成了。
doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。
3） done指某事由别人做（被做）,也作〃遭受〃解。
试比较：A） I heared him Sing a song.我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。
B）I heared him Singing a song.我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。
C）I hearedaSOng sung.我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语〃歌〃与〃唱〃是被动关系。
）再看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ donehave后也接do （省to） / doing/ done作宾补，区别是：1）do/doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。
2）do/ doing虽然都表主动，但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。
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动词之感官动词和使役动词：中高考失分难点
第一，什么是感官动词：
1，听：listen to, hear
2，视：look at, watch, see
3，嗅：smell,
4，触：feel find
5，味：taste
感官动词的特殊的用法：如何正确使用？
用法一：
E.g. Tom drove his car away. 这个过程我们来分析一下：I see him drive away his car（see sb do表示此动词被你彻彻底底看见，看到动作的全过程，强调结果）
用法二：
E.g. I see him wait for the bus （看到的只是一个片段，我们see sb doing，表示看到某人正在做什么）
I saw him waiting for the bus
练习翻译句子：
I didn’t hear you come in
I suddenly felt something touch me on the shoulder.
I could hear it raining
Listen to the birds singing!
Can you smell something burning?
I found Sue in my room reading my letters.
第二：我们来判断全程还是片段？
Did anybody see the accident (happen/ happening?) We listen to the old man (tell/ telling) his story from beginning to end.
Listen! Can you hear a baby (cry/ crying?)
Why did you turn around suddenly?
I hear someone (call/ calling) my name.
We watched the two men (open/ opening) a window and (climb/ climbing) through it into the house. When we got home, we found our cat (sleep/ sleeping) on the table.
第三：
感官动词的反着说，即被动语态，感官动词的被动语态
1, I saw the girl come in(全程)
the girl was seen to come in
See sb do —— be seen to do
Eg. 练习： I saw him fall
2, I saw the girl dancing
The girl was seen dancing
See sb doing ___ be seen doing
3,练习:
1, he looked around and caught a man___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A, put B, to be putting C, to put D, putting
2, People often see him___ basketball on the playground.
A, play B, playing C, to play D, played
3, the girl is heard___ the piano in the next room on Sundays.
A, plays B, to play C, played D， play
第四，使役动词（让你做某事，不停折磨你，奴役的感觉）1，make sb do
2，have sb do
3，get sb do
1,make的用法：
Make sb do 让某人做某事
He made his son clean the room every day.
Make sb/ sth+ adj 使…某人某物
Have I made myself clear?
Make sb. Sth=make sth for sb
My uncle will make me a kite
2,have的用法
Have sb do sth 让某人去做某事
He had his son clean the room every day
Have sb doing sth 让某人持续做某事
He has us laughing all through the lunch
Have sth done 某事让别人去做
He has the car washed every week
(have sth done同上)
E.g. Jill had the roof repaired yesterday(翻译)
提示：让某事被别人做
Have object+ past participate 翻译练习：
1，Where did you have your hair cut?
2，Julia has just had central heating installed in
her house
3，We are having the house painted at the moment. 4，How often do you have your car serviced?
5，I think you should have that coat cleaned soon. 6，I don’t like having my photograph taken
练习：我剪头发
他们在拍照 they have
一位女士自己擦鞋 wipe shoes
一位男士让别人在擦鞋
4，get 的用法：
get sb to do sth让某人做某事
he got his son to clean his room every day
get sb/ sth doing
造句练习
get sth done让某事被做
造句练习
使役动词的被动语态：
make sb do___ be made to do
have sb do___ be made to do ( have his son clean room= his son was made to clean)
练习:
1, His mom made___ yesterday to celebrate his birthday
A, a cake to him B, a cake him
C, a cake for him D，a cake at him
2, What are you going to do tomorrow?
I am going to have my bike___
A, repairs B, to repair
C, repaired D, repairing
3, the woman got her daughter_D__ the clothes by herself
A, washed B, wash
C， washing D, to wash
总结：
感官 sb do_ to do
Sb doing_ doing
使役
make sb do
have sb do to do
get sb do
练习：
1，the heavy snow made the mountain climbers___ on their way to home.
A, stop B, to stop
C, stopping D, stopped
2，
3，the girl was heard ___the piano in the next room A, play B plays
C, played D, to play
See sb do= sb was seen to do
Hear sb do = sb was heard to do
See sb doing= sb was seen doing
Hear sb doing=sb was heard doing
I hear the girl playing the piano 。
The girl was heard playing the pian……。