TEM8-英美文学知识(1)

13. Henry Fielding
(亨利•菲尔丁)
Joseph Andrews;Amelia;The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《汤姆•琼斯》-现实主义小说最高成就
14. Tobias Smollett
(托比亚斯•斯摩莱特)
The Adventures of Roderick Random《蓝登传》;
18. Oliver Goldsmith
(奥立弗•哥尔德斯密斯)
The Good-Natur’d Man《好心人》;She stoops to Conquer《屈身求爱》;The Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传》;The Deserted Village《荒村》;The Citizen of the World《世界公民》(Chinese Letters《中国信札》)
《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》
4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)
Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”);
The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;
- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)
5. Sir Thomas Malory (托马斯•马洛礼)
The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle《匹克尔传》
15. Samuel Richardson
(塞缪尔•理查逊) –书信形式
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded《帕米拉或美德有报》;Clarissa《克拉丽莎》;The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯•格兰迪森爵士的历史》
1. Allegory – Romance –Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
2. Ballad –The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》
3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)
The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman
3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) –Sonnet
4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)
Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》
-第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;
The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》
A Red, Red Rose;Auld Lang Syne《昔日好时光》
10. Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔•约翰逊)
A பைடு நூலகம்ictionary of the English Language《英语辞典》;
A Letter to Lord Chesterfield《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》
被誉为文人脱离贵族提携和保护的宣言书;
长诗
Venus and Adonis《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;
The Rape of Lucrece《露克丽丝受辱记》
十四行诗
iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)
3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet
戏剧
The Lives of the Poets《诗人传》
现实主义
11. Daniel Defoe (丹尼尔•笛福)
The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》;The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除非国教教徒的捷径》;Moll Flanders
6. Christopher Marlowe
(克里斯托弗•马娄)
Tamburlaine《帖木耳大帝》;The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》
7. William Shakespeare
2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧
(威廉•莎士比亚)
-人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评
5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)
poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行(ababbcbcc)
8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter;
The Faire Queene《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗”nationalism, humanism, puritanism
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
(塞缪尔•泰勒•柯勒律治)
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》;Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》;Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》
3. Robert Southey
(罗伯特•骚塞)
The Battle of Blenheim《布莱尼姆之战》;My Days among the Dead are Past;Thalaba the Destroyer《撒拉巴》;The Curse of Kehama《克哈马的诅咒》
ParadiseLost(blank verse,旧约);Paradise Regained(新约);
Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》(poetical drama, closet drama)
4. John Bunyan (约翰•班扬)
The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》-宗教寓言, Vanity Fair
诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;
To His Coy Mistress《致他的娇羞女友》
12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)
Materialism;Essays《随笔》(Of Study, Of Truth);
The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》;
感伤主义
16. Thomas Gray (托马斯•格雷)
An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽诗》
17.LawrenceSterne
(劳伦斯•斯特恩)
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy《项狄传》
-开创意识流小说的先驱之作;A Sentimental Journey
5. John Dryden (约翰•德莱顿)
Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》;
Absalom and Achitophel《押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔》;
The Indian Queen;The Indian Emperor;The Conquest of Granada《格兰纳达的征服》;Tyrannick Love;All for Love;
19. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
(理查德•布林斯利•谢里丹)
The School for Scandal《造谣学校》-风俗喜剧之巅;
The Rivals《情敌》
五、维多利亚时期的英国文学(19世纪)
消极浪漫主义
1. William Wordsworth
(威廉•华兹华斯)
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《独自云游》;The Solitary Reaper《孤寂的刈麦女》;Lines Composed a Few Miles about Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》;The Prelude《序曲》
英美文学知识
第一节英国文学
一、古英语时期的英国文学(约499-1066)
1.诗歌
Alliteration –Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epic
Caedmon (开德蒙)
Anthem《赞美诗》
Cynewulf (基涅武甫)
Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》
2.散文
Bede (比德)
积极浪漫主义
4. George Gordon Byron
12. Jonathan Swift
(乔纳森•斯威夫特)
A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》;Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver《格里佛游记》;A Tale of a Tub《桶的故事》
Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(15世纪末– 17世纪中期)
1. Humanism – classic culture
2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)
Utopia《乌托邦》;The Painful Life of Edward V;Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》
7. Richard Steel & Joseph Addison
(理查德•斯蒂尔&约瑟夫•艾迪生)
The Tatler《闲谈者》;The Spectator《旁观者》
8. William Blake (威廉•布莱克)
Songs of Innocence;Songs of Experience
9. Robert Burns (罗伯特•彭斯)
An Essay of Dramatick Poesie《论戏剧诗》
新古典主义
6. Alexander Pope (亚历山大•蒲柏)
Pastorals;The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》;The Dunciad《愚人记》;Essay on Criticism;Essay on Man;翻译了The Iliad,The Odyssey
Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);
Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》
10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)
the saint of the Metaphysical school (“玄学派诗圣”);
The Temple《神殿》
11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)
传奇剧
Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline《辛白林》;The Winter’s Tale;Tempest《暴风雨》
8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)
comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);
Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》
9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)
The New Instrument《新工具》
四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学(17世纪末，18世纪)
1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy
2. 18世纪的英国文学
前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)
悲剧
Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth
喜剧
A Midsummer Night’s Dream;The Merchant of Venice;As You Like It《皆大欢喜》;Twelfth Night
历史剧
Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》
King Alfred
(阿尔弗雷德大帝)
Wessex – Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》
二、中古英语时期的英国文学(14世纪– 15世纪)
40年代到80年代：realism
80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)
3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)
Defence of the English People《为英国人民而辩》;
Second Defence of the English people《为英国人民再辩》;