不同非谓语动词的区别

不同非谓语动词的区别

一、名词与不定式

1、不定式的逻辑主语必须与主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。

e.g. 1. I hate to work on weekends.

2. I hate working on weekends.

2、动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。

e.g. 1. Reading in bed is a pleasure.

2. I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today.

3、在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。

常接动名词的动词有：acknowledge, admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, like, love, mind, miss, postpone, practice, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest等

常接动词不定式的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, claim, choose, dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish等

既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词有：attempt, begin, continue, deserve, dread, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, omit, prefer, proceed, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等，注意有意思上的区别。

二、现在分词与过去分词

1、在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物的行为；过去分词则表示被动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。

e.g. an exciting story; excited people

surprising news; a surprised man

a delighting speech; the delighted audience

2、在时间上现在分词一般表示正在进行的动作；过去分词则往往表示已经完成的动作。

e.g. boiling water; boiled water

falling snow; fallen snow

1. The bridge being built will be important in this area’s traffic.

2. The bridge built last year has played an important part in this area’s traffic.

3. He found his wallet stolen.

4. We found the flat being decorated.

三、现在分词与动名词

1、动名词作定语时要放在被修饰词之前，动名词通常表示目的或用途。现在分词作定语时，单个的分词放在被修饰词之前，分词短语要放在被修饰词之后。现在分词作定语时与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。

分词： a waiting car (the car that is waiting)

working people

a sleeping child

动名词：waiting room (the room for waiting)

working method

sleeping-car

2、动名词作表语时，相当于名词，可自带宾语、状语。现在分词作表语时起形容词作用，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。

e.g. 1. His job is raising pigs. （动名词）

2. Her favorite sport is swimming.（动名词）

3. Her job is interesting. （现在分词）

四、现在分词和不定式

现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句子中可以起除主语、宾语外的所有其他句子成份的作用。不定式可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等。

1、现在分词作表语时，相当于一个形容词，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。不定式作表语时，相当于一个名词。

e.g. Her proposal was misleading.

Her proposal was to go there at once.

2、现在分词和不定式都可以用在感官动词后作宾语补足语。通常现在分词表示重复性的动作，表示动作正在进行，还没有结束。不定式表示某一次的动作，表示动作的全过程。

e.g. I saw him waiting at the bus-stop.

I saw him enter the building just now.

用在这种结构里时，现在分词常用延续性动词，如