三种非谓语动词 间的区别

高中三种非谓语动词间的区别

注意：当由现在分词和过去分词变化而来的形容词和定冠词连用表示一类人和事时，可用作主语和宾语，如：the dying垂死的人，the wounded 伤员等等。

一，不定式和动名词作主语时的区别。

1，表示一次性的动词多用不定式，表示一般性、经常性的动作多用动名词。

例， is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A The walk

B Walking

C To Walk

D Walk

2, 不定式作主语常用it 作起其形式主语，动名词作主语时常位于句首。只有某些习惯用语如no use, no good 作表语用时，才用it 作其形式主语。

例 felt funny watching myself on TV.

A One

B This

C It

D That

3, 句子主语若是不定式，主语也用不定式；句子表语若是动名词，主语也用动名词。

例 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实

有时这种结构也用于其他情况

例，Friendship is like money: easier made than .

A kept

B to be kept

C keeping

D being kept

二，不定式、动名词和分词作表语时的区别。

1，不定式，动名词作表语具有名词性质，说明主语的内容。主语是名词时，表示一次性的动作，表语多用不定式；表示一

般性、经常性的动作，表语多用动名词。

例 My job today is to water the flowers in the garden.动词不定式作表语表示一次性的动作。

2，分词作表语具有形容词性质和特征。若主语与分词之间在逻辑上存在主动关系，用现在分词；若主语与分词之间在逻辑

上存在被动关系，用过去分词。

This computer game was interesting and the children were interested in it.

三，动词不定式与动名词作宾语时的区别。

1，在begin, start, continue, attempt企图，prefer愿意等动词后，用动名词和事不定式区别不大。

例The teacher said,” Y ou begin writing now,” and the children began to write.

例 I prefer going/to go there this evening.

2, 在 like, love, hate等动词后用不定式作宾语常表示一次性动作，用动名词作常表示一次性动作

例，He likes swimming, but he doesn’t like to swim today, because it is too cold.

3, 在remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, go on, mean等动词后用动词不定式或动名词句意不同。

例 Do you mean to go without money?

Try to do sth: 尽力地，努力地要干某事； try doing sth: 试着做某事

4，有些及物动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语，有些只能跟动名词做宾语。

四，动词不定式和作宾语补足语时的区别。

1，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时，用过去分词作宾语补足语。

例，The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.

A.carry out B carrying out C carried out D to

carry out

经理们讨论了他们想看到在下一年里得到实施的这个计划。Carried

out 是过去分词短语作宾补，和see的宾语the plan(现在用关系代

词that代替，位于从句首 )之间为被动关系。

2，ask, want, beg, order, warn, remind, teach, urge, encourage, persuade, advise, invite, allow, permit, forbid, cause 等一般接

带to 不定式作宾补。

例， Alice trust you; only you can persuade her to give up the foolish idea.

3, would love/like, prefer, want 等表示情感状态的动词，一般接带to

的不定式作宾补。

例，I’d love them come today.

例，I don’t want there to be any trouble.

4, catch, set, send可接现在分词作宾补。

例，Don’t let me catch you sleeping in the office.

例 This set me thinking. 这使我深思。

5，keep, find 可跟现在分词、过去分词两种形式做宾补。

例，I’m sorry to hav e kept you waiting.

例 Can you keep the whole matter unknown?

6, let, have, make, get, leave等表示致使意义的动词可跟不定式（let make have不带to）现在分词，过去分词三种形式作宾补。

例 His behavior leaves much to be desired. 他的行为令人不满。

例It’s not socially acceptable for parents to leave child ren unattended at that age.

例It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。

7, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等可跟不带to的不定式、现在分词

过去分词三种形式作宾补。

例 Did you notice him pause?

例 Did you notice his hands shaking?

例 Did you notice anything moved?

总结：感官动词后。用不定式表示动作全过程，用现在分词表示动作正在进行中。

例 The missing boys were last seen near the river.

A playing

B to be playing

C play

D to play 五，动词不定式、动名词和分词作定语时的区别。