专四语法专题
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
专四必考语法
专四必考语法一、时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. (宾语从句) 比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again. (状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include i n the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
专四语法(做完题总结)
1. to protest against ... 意为“抗议，反对”。
to protect ... (from ...) 意为“保护……（使之不受……）”。
to preserve 意为“保护，防护，维护”。
to prosecute 意为“对……起诉；进行，坚持下去”。
2. decline 意为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。
refuse 意为“拒绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。
refute 意为驳斥，反驳4. run down 意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，(使)失灵”。
run up 意为“升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）”。
run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。
run off意为“撵走，吓跑”6. superior 意为“优越的，优良的”，后接介词to，表示比较，单词本身没有比较级。
通常在前面加“far”表示“比……好得多9. see （to it ）that……意为“务必，留神，注意做到”10. call off 意为“取消”。
call out 意为“叫（请）出来；叫出（名字）”。
call to 意为“向……喊”。
call on 意为“号召，呼吁，要求”。
11. would rather 表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。
13. adapt意为“改编，翻改；使适应”。
add 意为“增加，加强”。
adopt意为“采纳，采取（态度）；收养”。
adjust 意为“调整，适应”。
15. limitation意为“限制，局限”。
boundary 意为“边境线，分界线”。
confinement意为“限制（在范围内），监禁”，。
restraint意为“抑制，遏制，制止”，常接介词from16. put ... up意为“留……住宿；举起；搭建”。
2023年专四语法题
2023年专四语法题1. She did her work ____ her manager had instructed.[A] as [B] until [C] when [D] though2. ____ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.[A] None [B] Both [C] Neither [D] All3. Have you ever been in a situation ____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A] by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where4. For some time now, world leaders ____ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.[A] had been pointing [B] have been pointing[C] were pointing [D] pointed5. We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ____ should make great differences in our life next summer.[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] they6. AIDS is said ____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.[A] being [B] to be [C] to have been [D] having been7. She managed to save ____ that she could out of her wages to help her brother.[A] how little money [B] so little money[C] such little money [D] what little money8. Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.[A] who [B] as [C] that [D] like9. The experiment requires more money than ____.[A] have been put in [B] being put in[C] has been put in [D] to be put in10. ____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.[A] Had it not been [B] Hadn't it been[C] Was it not [D] Were it not11. "What courses are you going to do next semester?" "I don't know. But it's about time ____ on something."[A] I'd decide [B] I decided[C] I decide [D] I'm deciding12. The police have offered a large ____ for information leading to therobber's arrest.[A] award [B] compensation[C] prize [D] reward13. I arrived at the airport so late that I ____ missed the plane.[A] only [B] quite [C] narrowly [D] seldom14. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ____.[A] unjustified [B] unjust [C] misguided [D] unaccepted15. The head of the Museum was ____ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.[A] promising [B] agreeing [C] pleasing [D] obliging16. The multinational corporation was making a take-over ____ for a property company.[A] application [B] bid [C] proposal [D] suggestion17. The party's reduced vote was ____ of lack of support for its policies.[A] indicative [B] positive [C] revealing [D] evident18. There has been a ____ lack of communication between the union and the management.[A] regretful [B] regrettable [C] regretting [D] regretted19. The teacher ____ expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.[A] confidentially [B] proudly[C] assuredly [D] confidently20. The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.[A] normal [B] average [C] usual [D] general21. The new colleague ____ to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.[A] confesses [B] declares [C] claims [D] confirms22. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few ____ from the novel.[A] pieces [B] essays [C] fragments [D] extracts23. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) ____ room in the hotels here.[A] empty [B] vacant [C] free [D] deserted24. The old couple will never ____ the loss of their son.[A] get over [B] get away [C] get off [D] get across25. Scientific research results can now be quickly ____ to factory production.[A] used [B] applied [C] tried [D] practiced【参照答案】：1-5：ACBB A 6-10：CDB CA 11-15：B DCAD 16-20：B A BDB 21-25：CD BA B1．答案：A【参照译文】她按照经理旳指示办事。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专四语法——精选推荐
一、附加疑问句 (2)二、比较句式 (2)三、倒装 (4)四、虚拟语句 (5)五、非谓语动词 (8)六、从属分句 (10)(一)状语从句 (10)(二)关系从句（定语从句） (13)(三)名词性从句 (14)一、附加疑问句附加疑问句由两部分组成，前面是一个陈述句，后面是一个简短问句，下面分析几种特殊的附加疑问句形式：1. 如果陈述部分是祈使句，附加疑问句部分一般使用will you, w on’t you例如：Pass me some salt, won’t you?递给我一些盐，好吗？2. 如果陈述部分的主语是this, that, these, those时，附加疑问句部分的主语为it或they例如：This is exciting, isn’t it?这很令人兴奋，不是吗？3. 如果陈述部分是一个复合句，则分两种情况：1) 一般情况下，附加疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分的主语保持一致，例如：Mary said her son would come, didn’t she? 玛丽说她的儿子要来，不是吗？2) 但如果陈述部分的主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是suppose, think, believe等，附加疑问句的主语则应该与从句的主语保持一致，例如：I think he will come, won’t he?我认为他会来，不是吗？4. 如果陈述部分是there be存在句，附加疑问句部分的主语也应该用there例如：There are some books, aren’t there?有一些书，不是吗？5. 如果陈述部分中带有否定词或半否定词，如never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none，no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobody，few，little等，附加疑问句的谓语要用肯定形式例如:There are rarely extremes of cold or heat in Britain, are there？英国很少出现严寒或酷暑天气，是吗？二、比较句式1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法1) 比较级修饰语(a) 比较级之前的副词修饰语常用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, somewhat, rather, etc.。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən]（动词）- 词义：放弃；抛弃；放纵。
- 例句：Don't abandon yourself to despair.（不要自暴自弃。
）2. ability [əˈbɪləti]（名词）- 词义：能力；才能。
- 例句：He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.（他有能力解决这个难题。
）3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml]（形容词）- 词义：反常的；不正常的。
- 例句：This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.（这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
）二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es）- 用法：- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如：He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车上学。
）- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如：The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。
）2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化：- 一般情况加 -s，如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es，如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的，变y为i加 -es，如city - cities。
- 不规则变化：- 如man - men，woman - women，child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化：- 单音节词和部分双音节词：- 一般情况加 -er（比较级）和 -est（最高级），如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st，如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四常考语法点汇总
专四常考语法点汇总语法与词汇专项语法核⼼考点⼀：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、⽬的、条件、让步和⽅式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在⽅式、条件、让步、⽅式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
⼀状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：⼏种不常⽤的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?1. ⼏种不常⽤的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. ⽤了although或though，就⼀定不能再后⾯的从句中同时⽤but，但是though 可以和yet 连⽤。
2023年历年专四语法真题总结附答案
专四语法真题集I.独立主格构造1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop.a. isb. beenc. bed. being TEM-42. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.a. permitb. permittingc. permittedd. permits TEM-43. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.a. to beb. to have beenc. beingd. be4. _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.a. There wasb. Sincec. Beingd. There being 19965. The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ______the most important of these.a. have beenb. arec. beingd. are being 1994Answers: d b c d cII. 定语从句1. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.a. whereb. of whosec. whosed. which2. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected.a. whichb. itc. thatd. what3. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _______ he was twenty years ago.a. whichb. thatc. whod. whom4. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______should make greatdifferences in our life next summer.a. whichb. whatc. thatd. they5. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?a. by whichb. thatc. in whered. where6. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _______is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.a. whoseb. asc. whatd. that7. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.a. I’d most like to visitb. which I like to visit mostlyc. where I like to visitd. I’d like much to visit 19998. She remembered several occasions in the past ____she had experienced a similar feeling.a. whichb. beforec. thatd. when 19989. The physicist has made a discovery, _____of great importance to the progress of science and technology.a. I think which isb. that I think isc. which I think isd. I think that is 199710. I have never been to London, but that is the city_______.a. where I like to visit mostb. I’d most like to visitc. which I like to visit mostlyd. where I’d like most to visit 199711. This company has now introduced a policy _____pay rises are related to performance at work.a. whichb. wherec. whetherd. what 199612. Only take these clothes ______really necessary.a. as wereb. as they arec. as they wered. as are 199413. _____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.a. Thatb. Itc. Thisd. As 1994Answers:1-5: c a b a d 6-10: d a c c b 11-13: b b dIII. 状语从句让步状语从句1. _______I like economics I like sociology much better.a. As much asb. So muchc. How muchd. Much as2. Fool _______Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.a. whob. asc. thatd. like3. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.a. as long asb. asc. whiled. even4. _____he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.a. Much asb. Much thoughc. As muchd. Though much 19985. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions form different sources.a. Instead of his notable contributionsb. For all his notable contributionsc. His making notable contributionsd. However his notable contributions 1997 Answers:1-5: d b c a b成果状语从句1. -----Does Alan like limburgers?-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats thema. forb. asc. tod. so2. The brilliance of his satires was _____make even his victims laugh.a. so as tob. such as toc. so thatd. such that 1996 Answers: d b方式状语从句1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed.a. asb. untilc. whend. thoughAnswers: a原因状语从句1. Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he _____for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.a. has workedb. worksc. has been workingd. is working 1998 Answers: d (此题选项重要是时态方面旳，但能否做出对旳选择取决于对since从句旳判断) 条件状语从句1. You won’t get a loan ______ you can offer some security.a. lestb. in casec. unlessd. other than 19962. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.a. Havingb. Givenc. Givingd. Had 19963. ___ _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.a. Unlessb. Asc. Thoughd. Since 1995Answers:1-5: c b a (本人认为c 也可以，只是语义较勉强而已，if you are mistaken, you are wrong about something that you thought you knew or saw, )比较状语从句1. The experiment requires more money than _______.a. have been put inb. being put inc. has been put ind. to be put in2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ____ in the public mind today.a. existsb. existc. existingd. to exist 19993. he indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ______.a. is necessaryb. being necessaryc. to be necessaryd. it is necessary 1998 Answers: 1-3：c a c (提醒：than = than what; 记住：than 后跟旳是比较状语从句) IV．名词性从句同位语从句1. There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.a. whyb. thatc. whetherd. whenAnswer: b表语从句1. Intellect is to the mind _______sight is to the body.a. whatb. asc. thatd. like2. He is _____as a “bellyacher”— he’s always complaining about something.a. who is knownb. whom is knownc. what is knownd. which is known 1999 Answer: a c宾语从句1. Who _______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?a. you saidb. did you sayc. did you say thatd. you did say2. After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.a. thatb. therec. whatd. it 19993. The team can handle whatever______.a. that needs handlingb. which needs handlingc. it needs handlingd. needs to be handled 19974. We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.a. whomeverb. whoc. whomd. whoever 1994Answers:1-5: b c d dIV. 比较级和最高级1. Fat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.a. any more thanb. no more thanc. no less thand. much more than 19992. It is not so much the language ______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.a. butb. norc. asd. like 19993. John is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.a. no lessb. no morec. not lessd. no so 19984. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_____ to the professor.a. as far asb. the same asc. as much asd. as long as 19985. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _____Eastern Nebraska.a. inb. it receives inc. doesd. it does in 19966. ______ the two, Bob is ______student.a. Of, more diligentb. In, more diligentc. Of, the more diligentd. In, much more diligent 19957. She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them ______conspicuous.a. all the moreb. all the muchc. all mored. all much 1994Answers:1-5: a c a c c(倒装) 6-7: c aV. 虚拟语气1. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _____for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared2. _____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Had it not beenb. Hadn’t it beenc. Was it notd. Were it not3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.”a. I’d decideb. I decidedc. I decided. I’m deciding4. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ______quite such a crowd of people there.a. weren’tb. hasn’t beenc. hadn’t beend. wouldn’t be5. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____able to write letters in English.a. should beb. werec. must bed. are 19996. If your car _____any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.a. shall needb. should needc. would needd. will need 19987. He left orders that nothing ______touched until the police arrived here.a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be 19988. I was to have made a speech if______.a. I was not called awayb. nobody would have called me awayc. I had not been called awayd. nobody called me away 19979. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.a. would enjoyb. will have enjoyedc. would have enjoyedd. will be enjoying 199610. We could _____him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked fora small flat.a. provideb. have providedc. not provided. not have provided 199511. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly.a. Hadn’t he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good care ofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good care of 199512. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.a. Unlessb. But forc. Except ford. Not for 199413. It was recommended that passengers _____smoke during the flight.a. notb. need notc. could notd. would not 199414. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.a. If I realizedb. Had I realizedc. I realized thatd. As I realized 1994 Answers:1-5: a a b c b 6-10: b a c c b 11-15: b b a bVI. 反意疑问句1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______?a. hadn’t sheb. hasn’t shec. wouldn’t shed. didn’t she2. Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you?a. can’tb. don’tc. wouldn’td. won’t3. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ____?a. do youb. will youc. don’t youd. won’t you 19984. You and I could hardly understand, ______?a. could Ib. couldn’t youc. couldn’t wed. could we 1995 Answers:1-5: c d b dVII. 一致主谓一致1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today.a. neither you nor I areb. neither you nor me isc. neither you nor I amd. neither me nor you areAnswer: cVIII. 时态目前完毕进行1. Jack ______from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.a. has been missingb. has been missedc. had been missingd. was missed2. For some time now, world leaders _____out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.a. had been pointingb. have been pointingc. were pointingd. pointedAnswer: a b目前进行1. How can I ever concentrate if you _____continually _____me with silly questions?a. have…interruptedb. had…interruptedc. are…interruptingd. were…interrupting 1997 Answers: cIX. 插入语1. Who _______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?a. you saidb. did you sayc. did you say thatd. you did sayAnswer: b (这道题旳a 选项会让考生想到插入语；其实不是，这是对宾语从句中旳主语提问；做题技巧是把问句还原成陈说句后再来处理)X. 副词1. She managed to save _______she could out of her wages to help her brother.a. how little moneyb. so little moneyc. such little moneyd. what little money2. His strong sense of humor was _______make everyone in the room burst out laughing.a. so as tob. such as toc. so thatd. such that 19983. I felt that I was not yet _______to travel abroad.a. too strongb. strong enoughc. so strong d enough strong 1997Answers：1：d (虽然答案与副词无关，但排除前三个选项需要有关旳副词how 和so 旳使用方法知识)2: b (类似前一题)3：bⅪ. 不定式、目前分词、过去分词和动名词1. AIDS is said ______the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.a. beingb. to bec. to have beend. having been2. _______is not a serious disadvantage in life.a. To be not tallb. Not to be tallc. Being not talld. Not being tall3. _______him tomorrow?a. Why not to call onb. Why don’t call onc. Why not calling ond. Why not call on4. _______at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.a. Lookingb. Lookedc. Having lookedd. To look5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _______left untreated.a. afterb. ifc. sinced. unless6. Professor Johnson is said _______some significant advance in his research in the past year.a. having madeb. makingc. to have maded. to make 19997. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ______by the police each time.a. had been capturedb. being always capturedc. only to be capturedd. unfortunately captured 19998. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel_______.a. to stayb. is to stayc. to stay atd. is for staying 19989. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home.a. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchb. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchc. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchd. Not obtained a ticket for the match 199810. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given 199811. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______insufficiently poplar with all members.a. having consideredb. was consideredc. was being consideredd. being considered 199612. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ____ in Africa.a. huntedb. huntingc. that huntedd. are hunted 199613. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid______.a. from being beatenb. being beatenc. beatingd. to be beaten 199614. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder______ out and three men climbing down it.a. throwingb. being thrownc. having thrownd. having been thrown 199515. He resented ______to wait. He expected the minister ______ him at once.a. to be asked, to seeb. being asked, to seec. to be asked, seeingd. being asked, seeing 199516. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.a. firedb. being firedc. they firedd. having fired 199517. Arriving at the bus stop, _____waiting there.a. a lot of people wereb. he found a lot of peoplec. a lot of peopled. people were found 199418. _____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.a. Not receivedb. Since receivingc. Having receivedd. Not having received 1994 Answers：1-5: c d d b b 6-10: c c c c c 11-15: d a b d b 16-18: a b dXII.代词1. Your ideas, _______, seem unusual to me.a. like herb. like hersc. similar to herd. similar to herself2. ______of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.a. Noneb. Bothc. Neitherd. All3. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and_____ he was warmly received.a. as suchb. such asc. as thatd. so that 1997 Answers: b c aXIII. 平行构造1. Even as a girl, _____to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.a. performing by Melissa wereb. it was known that Melissa’s performances werec. knowing that Melissa’s performances wered. Melissa knew that performing was Answer: dⅩⅣ. 情态动词1. You _____Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.a. needn‘t have toldb. needn’t tellc. mustn’t have toldd. mustn’t tell2. He ______unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.a. may have actedb. must have actedc. should actd. would act 19993. Much as______, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.a. I would have liked tob. I would like to havec. I should have to liked. I should have liked to 19994. You ______Mark anything. It was none of his business.a. needn’t have toldb. needn’t tellc. mustn’t have toldd. mustn’t tell 19985. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____so formally.a. need not have dressed upb. must not have dressed upc. did not need to dress upd. must not dress up 19966. The meeting’s been cancelled. Ann _____ all that work.a. need to dob. need havec. needn’t have doned. needed not to do 19957. “She must be in the dormitory now.”“No, she ____ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”a. mustn’tb. can’tc. couldn’td. wouldn’t 19948. He _____ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.a. couldn’t have caughtb. ought to have caughtc. shouldn’t have caughtd. must not have caught 1994Answer:1-5: a a a a a 6-10: c b a (must 表推测只用于肯定句中，否认用can/could not)ⅩⅤ. It 旳使用方法1. Come and see me whenever ______.a. you are convenientb. you will be convenientc. it is convenient to youd. it will be convenient to you 1997Answer: c (也可认为是对convenient 一词使用方法旳考察)ⅩⅥ. 冠词1. The idea of traveling through _____ space to other planets interests many people today.a. ab. thec. /d. one 19952. ___human problems that repeat themselves in __ life repeat themselves in ___ literature.a. /, /, theb. /, the, /c. The ,/ ,/d. The, the, the 1994 Answers: c cⅩⅦ. 省略/替代动词1. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people _____.a. dob. hearc. do themd. hearing it2. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ______.a. drought in othersb. droughts are othersc. while other droughtsd. others in drought Answer: a aⅩⅧ. 强调句型1. It was not until midnight _______the snowcapped peak.a. that they sightedb. that they did not sightc. did they sightd. had they sighted 1995 Answer: a (这道题其实也是对倒装旳考察)ⅩⅨ. 倒装1. He is not under arrest, ______any restriction on him.a. or the police have placedb. or have the police placedc. nor the police have placedd. nor have the police placed 19952. So badly ______ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.a. did he injureb. injured him c was he injured d. he was injured 1994 Answers: d c-真题、情态动词：53. She （）fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. ()A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been61. Aren’t you tired? I（）you had done enough for today.（）A. should have doneB. must have doneC .might have doneD .could have done52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She（）by bus. ()A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone答案：DAA二、非谓语动词51. What a nice day! How about the three of us （）a walk in the park nearby? （）A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking65. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT（）（）A. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...66.（）should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.()A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall55．In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the-ING participle is used（）（）A. as a commandB. as a conditionC. for concessionD. for emphasis答案：CDDD三、倍数55. A new laptop costs about（）of a second-hand one. ()A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price56. Which of the following italicized phrased is INCORRECT? （）()A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.答案：BB四、虚拟语气52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English（）much easier to learn.（）A. could have beenB. would 'beC. will beD. would have been60. It is necessary that he （）the assignment without delay.（）A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. Its getting late. I’d rather you （）now. ()A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave答案：DAA五、反义疑问句．57. She seldom goes to the theatre, （）? ()A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't sheKey: 本句中具有否认含义旳副词seldom，故反意时用肯定形式does she。
专四语法汇总
专四常考语法点汇总：一．虚拟语气1．虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构：条件句有were, had, should时，可使用倒装结构。
e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句：but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2．I wish…/If only句式：与现在事实相反，用were或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
3．as if引导的从句（注意区别事实与假设）Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4．在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词（包括动词和名词）引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形，should可省。
英语专四语法题
英语专四语法题
英语专四考试中的语法题主要测试考生对英语语法知识的掌握和运用能力。
以下是一些可能出现的语法题类型以及解题技巧：
单项选择题：
选择一个正确的语法形式，填入空白处。
解题技巧：注意句子的上下文，弄清楚句子结构，排除错误选项，根据语法规则做出选择。
句子改错题：
提供一个含有错误的句子，要求找出错误并进行改正。
解题技巧：逐一检查句子中的每个部分，特别关注常见的语法错误，如主谓一致、时态、冠词等。
完形填空题：
在一篇文章中，有若干个空白，要求考生根据上下文选择正确的单词或短语填入空白处。
解题技巧：通读整篇文章，把握文章的主旨，理解上下文的逻辑关系，选择与语境相符的选项。
选择词语搭配：
提供一组词语，要求选择正确的词语搭配填入句子中。
解题技巧：注意英语中一些常见的固定搭配，如动词与介词的搭配、形容词与名词的搭配等。
连词使用：
提供一段文字，要求在空白处选择适当的连词。
解题技巧：考生需了解各种连词的用法，弄清楚不同连词之间的区别，选择与句子语境相符的连词。
从句关系：
要求考生根据上下文关系，选择正确的从句形式。
解题技巧：理解主从句之间的逻辑关系，注意时态、语态、语气等方面的要求。
在备考阶段，建议通过大量的阅读和练习来提高对英语语法的熟练度。
同时，注意积累一些常见的语法知识点，了解其用法规则。
使用教材、参考书籍以及在线资源进行系统性的学习和练习也是提高语法水平的有效途径。
专四语法试题答案与解析
试题答案与解析（一）1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。
knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。
2. B) 【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。
【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。
3. B) 【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。
【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。
4. A) 【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。
【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。
5. A) 【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。
【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。
类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。
6. C) 【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。
【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’s own 表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
7. C) 【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习了。
【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。
8. B) 【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。
9. C) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。
《专四语法重点题》课件
用于宾语从句的连词
使用适当的连词，是构建合格宾 语从句的关键。
定语从句
用于限制性从句的关系 代词
在定语从句中需要使用适当 的关系代词。
用于非限制性从句的关 系代词
相较于限制性从句，非限制 性定语从句更加灵活。
关系代词的省略
在一些情况下，需要对关系 代词进行省略。
倒装
倒装的用法
倒装在一些情况下是必要的，需 要仔细掌握用法。
There be的倒装用法
There be句型中，后面的主语经 常会被倒装。
否定词位于句首的倒装
在句首位于否定词的情况下，需 要使用倒装特殊状语素。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的类型
虚拟语气是英语语法中比较 复杂的部分，需要了解其类 型以及使用场景。
3 There be +sb./sth./sbs./sth.s. +(在 4 It + be + when/that ...
哪里)
这个句式通常用来描述时间或条件。
这个句式表示某人/物在某地出现或存在。
名词从句
Sub jun ctive语气
名词从句中涉及到虚拟语气的情 况，需要掌握其使用方法。
有关“人”的从句
《专四语法重点题》PPT 课件
想要学好英语，语法是关键。我将源自您介绍专四考试的语法重点，帮助您更 好地备考。
常见句式
1 主语+谓语+宾语
这是最基本的句式，绝大多数句子都是这个 结构。
2 It is/was + adj. + (for sb) + to do sth.
这个句式常用来表达某件事情对某人很重要 或很容易做。
专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said,he went home.
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词；
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表
一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）
The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.
Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）
I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.
(英语专业四级语法(考点)全版.ppt
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真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
John is less bright than Bob.
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用法： 1.主语不同，比较项目相同。
This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同，比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机
此用法也可用于less…than…结构，但得出相反的 含义。
The present crisis is much less a political than
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3.no more …than (=not…any more than) 两者一样都不
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。
Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)
should do / were to do
17
英语专业四级语法专题讲解
英语专业四级语法专题讲解英语专业四级考试对于语法知识的要求非常高，只有掌握了扎实的语法基础，才能够在考试中取得好成绩。
本文将针对英语专业四级考试中常见的语法问题进行分析和讲解，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
一、时态时态是英语语法中的基础知识，常出现在四级考试的试题中。
英语中常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等，每种时态都有其特定的用法和表示方式。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，也可以表示客观事实等。
例句1：I usually get up at 7 o'clock in the morning.例句2：Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句1：I watched a movie last night.例句2：He lived in Paris for two years.3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
例句1：I will visit my grandparents next weekend.例句2：She is going to travel around the world after graduation.4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
例句1：They are studying in the library now.例句2：I am reading a book at the moment.5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句1：She was cooking dinner when I arrived home.例句2：I saw him while he was walking in the park.6. 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
英语专业四级语法专项训练
英语专业四级语法专项训练Introduction:As an English major, having a strong grasp of grammar is essential. The English Proficiency Test, also known as the CET-4, is an important examination for students majoring in English. In order to ace this exam, it is vital to excel in grammar. This article will provide a comprehensive training guide for grammar in the CET-4, covering key grammar rules, exercises, and tips to help students enhance their language skills.1. Parts of Speech:Understanding the different parts of speech is fundamental to mastering grammar. Here are the major parts of speech and their functions:1.1 Nouns: Nouns are words that name people, places, objects, or ideas.1.2 Pronouns: Pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition.1.3 Verbs: Verbs express actions, states, or conditions in a sentence.1.4 Adjectives: Adjectives modify or describe nouns or pronouns.1.5 Adverbs: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating time, place, manner, or degree.1.6 Prepositions: Prepositions show the relationship between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence.1.7 Conjunctions: Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence.1.8 Interjections: Interjections are words or phrases used to express strong emotions.2. Sentence Structure:Understanding sentence structure is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. Here's a breakdown of sentence components:2.1 Subject: The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action of the verb.2.2 Predicate: The predicate of a sentence includes the verb and all the words that provide information about the subject.2.3 Object: The object receives the action of the verb and can be either direct or indirect.2.4 Complement: A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a sentence.3. Tenses:Correctly using verb tenses is essential for effective communication. The English language has twelve tenses, categorized into three main groups:3.1 Present Tense: This tense refers to actions happening at the present time.3.2 Past Tense: The past tense is used to indicate actions that have already happened.3.3 Future Tense: The future tense is used to express actions that will happen at a later time.4. Sentence Patterns:Mastering different sentence patterns can greatly enhance the quality of written and spoken English. Here are some common sentence patterns:4.1 Subject + VerbExample: She sings.4.2 Subject + Verb + ObjectExample: They eat apples.4.3 Subject + Verb + ComplementExample: He is a teacher.4.4 Subject + Verb + Object + ComplementExample: She made him happy.4.5 Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct ObjectExample: The teacher gave the students books.5. Common Grammar Mistakes:Knowing common grammar mistakes can help avoid errors in writing and improve overall language proficiency. Here are some frequently made mistakes and how to correct them:5.1 Confusing "Their," "There," and "They're"Example: Their book is on the table. (correct)There book is on the table. (incorrect)5.2 Misusing "Your" and "You're"Example: Your going to the party, right? (incorrect)You're going to the party, right? (correct)5.3 Errors in Subject-Verb AgreementExample: The dog and the cat is playing. (incorrect)The dog and the cat are playing. (correct)Conclusion:Mastering grammar is essential for success in the English Proficiency Test. By understanding the various parts of speech, sentence structure, verb tenses, sentence patterns, and common grammar mistakes, students can enhance their grammar skills significantly. Continuous practice, regular self-assessment, and seeking guidance from teachers or language resources will aid in achieving proficiency in grammar for the CET-4 exam and beyond.。
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
(完整版)专四语法专题复习：限定词解读
a bit of water a large amount of money much noise
(a) little space less oil
(the) least oil
（5）能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如the first，the second，the last，the next等既可 与单数名词搭配，也可与复数名词搭配。例如：
no books
no money
the other book
the other books
the other money
whose book
whose books
whose money
（2）只能与名词单数搭配的限定词
有 些 限 定 词 如 a(n) ， one ， another ， each ， every ， either ， neither，many a，such a等只能与单数名词搭配。例如：
名词属格（Genitive Noun）：John’s，my friend’s
指示限定词（Demonstrative Determiner）：this， that，these，those，such
关系限定词（Relative Determiner）：whose which
疑问限定词（Interrogative Determiner）：what，which， whose
his last two books 中后 后 two more sheets 后后
the first two chapters 中后 后
个别限定词有跨类现象，如such既属于前位限定 词，又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在such a ...和 such an …这样的搭配中属于前位限定词，而在与其 他限定词（some，any，no，all，few，another， other，many，one，two等）搭配时，such则是后位 限定词，一律放在上述这些限定词的后面，如some such，any such，no such，few such，one such等，因 此把它归入后位限定词。
专四语法真题-独立结构和定语从句
• •C
•
6
• 2. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected.
• a. permit b. permitting
• c. permitted d. permits
•B
1
• 3. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
• a. to be
• c. where I like to visit
• d. I’d like much to visit
1999
•A
15
• 11. This company has now introduced a policy _____pay rises are related to performance at work.
• I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D 中it是多余的。）
14
• 10.
• I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.
• a. I’d most like to visit
• b. which I like to visit mostly
b. to have been
• c. being
d. be （2000）
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(2010-16;2015-19)
A. you
B. they
C. he
D. we
语法一致原则和意义一致原则 先行项为everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等复合词时，通常按照用语法一致，采用单数形式。
that clever comment of your father's
---Who told you that?
---A friend of your father's.
---If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father.
二、代 词
TEM-4 语法复习专题
TEM-4考试大纲 英语语法点概述 常考语法点分析 读题- 审题-解题
英语专业四级（TEM-4） 考试大纲
III、 语言知识（Part III：Language Knowledge）
1、测试要求 （a）掌握并能正确运用基本语法和句法。 （b）掌握认知词汇（5500-6000），并且能正确，熟练地运用其中的 3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配。 （c）考试时间10分钟
2、测试形式： 本部分采用多项选择题。共20道题，每题有四个选择项。题目中约50% 为词汇，词组和短语用法题，其余为语法和句法题。
3、测试目的： 测试学生掌握词汇，短语，及基本语法，句法概念的熟练程度。
常考语法点分析- 词法
名词（复合名词复数与双重属格） 代词（数、性、人称） 限定词（排位、与三类名词搭配） 副词（语法功能、评注性状语） 动词（动静态、情态动词） 非谓语动词（独立主格、逻辑主语、主动表被动）
一、名 词
复合名词的复数，双重属格 P57
复合名词的复数
1. There has been an increasing number of _________ in primary schools in the past few years. (2016-16) A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers
名词双重属格
2. I can't put up with ________ . （2016-15）
A. that friend of you
B. that friend of yours
C. the friend of you
D. the friend of yours
名词双重属格：（P57） 即带有独立属格的of词组：a friend of the doctor's. 独立属格即省略名词属格中心词的属格结构：her memory is like an
考点一：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 考点二：限定词排位（前中后位限定词）
1. Which of the following is INCORRECT? (2008-15) A. All his lectures were boring B. half his money was gone C. her few friends are all fond of dancing D. he invited many his friends to the party
Everybody talked at the top of his voice • 非正式语体，也可根据意义一致原则采用复数代词； • 尤其为everyone，everybody时，采用复数代词比较自然。
Everyone was clapping their hands
三、限 定 词
限定词与三类名的词搭配，及限定词排位（P60-65）
elephant’s，类似于名词性物主代词用法：yours，hers 表部分：a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends；
a friend of a doctor’s （#）（介词of宾语必须特指） a cover of the book's（#）（介词of宾语一般指人） the daughter of Mr Green’s （#）（双重属格修饰的名词可带a，any， some等非确定特指的限定词，通常不带定冠词the） 表感情色彩，与this和that等指示限定词连用：this brilliant idea of his；
复合名词的复数形式： 1）中间没有连字符的复合名词变复数，通常最后一个词变复数： handbooks，bookstores；由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数，两个词 均要变为复数：men servants，women writers等 2）连字符连接的复合名词，一般把中心或主要名词变复数，editors-in-chief， sons-in-law，movie-lovers；没有主要名词时，最后一个词变复数：filmgoers（爱看电影的人） 3）部分词两者均可：consuls general，consul generals（总领事）
代词及其先行项的数、性、人称的一致（P86-93, P316）
1. Nobody heard him sing, _____? （2016-14, P316）
A. did one
B. did he
C. didn't ths good health，_____ should feel fortunate.
D. both his sisters are nurses
2. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010-18)
A. all his lectures are very interesting
B. half their saving were gone
C. many his friends came to the party