专四词汇语法(完整)
英语专四语法
一些名称Imperative mood祈使句request请求≈祈使句Subjunctive mood虚拟语气Dangling participle 虚悬分词Personal pronoun人称代词:包括属格和反身Generic reference 类指用法:定冠词a/an+名词单数”是表示“类指”/The + 名词复数Specific reference特指用法:定冠词the+名词单数或者加了定语修饰Pronoun代词Attributive后置定语Parenthesis插入语语法动名词做主语,常常表示泛指的一般行为或者概念,否定形式应把否定词放在动名词之前不定时作主语表示一次具体的行为1.语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)2.意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)3.就近原则(principle of proximity)单位名词(unit noun):用来表示不可数名词的数量,即不可数名词的个体性;它也能与可数名词搭配,表示“一双”、“一群”等意义.集合名词(Collective noun)意指一种可用来指称一群对象的字,而这些对象,可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
举例而言,在英语中,“一群狮子”可称为“a pride of lions”,此时“pride”为一个集合名词。
限定词:限定词分为三种:1、前位限定词(pre-determiner):all,both,half,分数词(one-third,one-fifth等), 倍数词(double,twice,three times等),such;2、中位限定词(central-determiner):冠词(a,an,the),指示代词(this,that,these,those),不定代词(some,any,either),否定词(no,neither),全称限定词(every,each),所有格(my,your,John's);3、后位限定词(post-determiner):基数词(three,200),序数词(first,second,300th,last),数量词及短语(many,much,little,few,plenty of,a lot of,a large number of)等。
专四最完整词汇辨析
1.original 原来的,最初的,顺序首位;原著initial 起始的,开头的,强调事物起始阶段;首字母primitive 原始的,人类生命事物发展早期primary 时间,顺序上最早2.call upon 拜访call in on sb。
拜访3.target language 目标语言source language 源语言4.crucial 重要关键的,强调十分重要critical 重要关键的,危机或缺乏的状况5.limitl ess 无限的boundl ess 空间无限性6.permit sb。
to d o sth。
admit (to)d oing sth.7.survey 做研究时询问别人investigate 对罪犯或事故的调查8.d emonstrate 表明,显示illustrate 强调通过例证或图表说明9.ensure 确保assure sb。
that /sb. of sth.10.crack up (使)捧腹大笑crack on 努力继续干11.trait 性格中的品质trail 足迹,踪迹trace 痕迹,踪迹track 轨迹,轨道12.vision 视力,视野,憧憬(未来的构想,先见之明)scene 从远处看到的景色,人的活动场面,犯罪地点sight 名胜,有特色的建筑物,人造景观landscape 自然景色,景观13.d esolate 荒凉的,荒芜的d esirable 值得要的,令人满意的d esperate 令人绝望的,极度渴望的d elicate 棘手的,微妙的,精美的14.distracted 转移,使人分心displaced 取代,置换dispersed 分散,散开discard ed 丢弃,抛弃15.capacity 人的潜在的,多指才智,接受,领悟能力competence 能力,技能,令人满意的业务能力,胜任工作gift 天赋,生来具有的才能,才智aptitud e 先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力16.tame 温顺的,温和的,人脾气好,动物驯服的obedient 顺服的,顺从于某人或某组织tend er 温柔善感的temperate (气候)温暖,温和17.active 中性,运动状态dynamic 有美丽的,充满活力的(城市)energetic 精力充沛的,有干劲,有精神vigorous 体力,精力充沛,健壮,有力18.statistics 统计学:单数数据:复数19.no less…than = as… asno more…than 和…一样不…20.all/both/d oubl e + thehalf/twice +a/the21.adjust 小改变,技术性调整~the airconditionerregulate 根据规定控制,规范~the trafficrectify 彻底改动,整顿,修正~the state of chaos 正式,深思熟虑amend 修改,改良以提高~the law topatch 修补相同或相似的材料补缀,补丁restore 修复,修正,修复建筑,艺术品22.minor 较小的,次要的,轻微但并非不重要inferior 次等的,较劣的(物品质量)secondary 重要性或顺序上的第二位subordinate 从属,下级的,强调主次地位23.bounce (球)反弹,(人)蹦跳bound 跳跃,(弹性,轻捷,优美)hop 单脚跳l eap 飞跃,跃进make a great ~24.chaos 极度杂乱,完全混乱disord er 缺乏整齐,顺序in ~mess 十分肮脏,不整齐in a ~riot 暴乱in the ~s25.ban 官方禁止forbid 普通用语,要求遵守veto 国王,总统否决法案boycott 联合抵制,拒买*26.accuse ~sb。
专四词汇语法(完整)
• 例句:About marriage
• If you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.(过去)
• If I were you, I would marry the guy in front of you. (现在)
• 56. Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a ___between red and green. (2001) A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division
• 63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) ___ room in the hotels here. (2002) A. empty B. vacant C.free D. deserted
让步状语从句特殊句型
as 引导让步从句,要求用倒装结构,把强调的部分置于句首。
• 48. Fool ___Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.( 2002)
A. who B. as
C. that
D.like
• 49. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.(2003)
(2007) A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive D. comprehensive
• exclusive news / report / store / club • Are we exclusive?
(完整word版)专四语法重点总结,推荐文档
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3.形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置5.有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’,‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词7.more 不能用来修饰比较级8.与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9.as much of a……意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上10.none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than11.any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1.can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)2.must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3.need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4.need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事(经常考)虚拟语气1.It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2.It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3.as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。
(完整版)英语专业四级语法和词汇总结
1.nothing but意为“仅仅,只不过”;anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”;none other than 意为“不是别人,正是…”;no more than意为“不过,仅仅”。
2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中,如关系代词作主语,则关系代词便可省略D. what is5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、着手6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临,发生8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”9. go with意为“与…相配”;go by意为“根据…作出判断”;go through意为“通过;经历”;go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述;讨论10. on principle意为“根据行为准则;按照原则”;in principle意为“原则上;基本上;大体上”。
for与by不与principle搭配。
11. take over意为“接收,接管”;take up意为“开始采用;采取,承担”;take off意为“脱去;拿掉”;take to意为“开始从事;开始沉湎于”。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən](动词)- 词义:放弃;抛弃;放纵。
- 例句:Don't abandon yourself to despair.(不要自暴自弃。
)2. ability [əˈbɪləti](名词)- 词义:能力;才能。
- 例句:He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.(他有能力解决这个难题。
)3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml](形容词)- 词义:反常的;不正常的。
- 例句:This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.(这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
)二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es)- 用法:- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。
)- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。
)2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化:- 一般情况加 -s,如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es,如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的,变y为i加 -es,如city - cities。
- 不规则变化:- 如man - men,woman - women,child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化:- 单音节词和部分双音节词:- 一般情况加 -er(比较级)和 -est(最高级),如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st,如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四语法词汇(强化班修改)
sisterzhouj@第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点(一)“if”引导从句1、省略if倒装,变化if从句(1)had + 主语 + done 与过去事实相反(2)should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反(3)were + 主语 + to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if,将had、should、were提前,句子倒装。
2、含蓄虚拟,用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟(1)without = but for 若不是,要不是,如果没有3、错综(混合)虚拟,主从句事态不在一个时间段(93.6.60只考过1次)技巧:对号入座,主套主,从套从如:如果我是你(现在),我早把这书买了(过去)。
我要赶上那趟车(过去),现在就坐这上课了(现在)。
﹡(二)其他形式虚拟(单选、挑错常考到,非常重要)从句后是现在时即与现在相反,是过去时即与过去相反,是将来时即与将来相反。
但would rather + 句子用虚拟,不加句子用v.原形had better (not)do + V. 最好做…4、if only一般省略主句,用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中,am、is、are原形即be解题方法:找出标志词;找出动词原形:do(主动)、be done(被动)(1)用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式:主语 + 谓语v.(必认词)+ 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认v. suggest,propose,order,ask,require,request,desire,demand,insist,command,recommend,move,urge,advise(2)用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的从句公式:It is + adj. (必认词)+ that + 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认adj. suggested,proposed,ordered,asked,required,requested,desired(desirable),demanded,commanded,recommended,urgent,advisable,important,vital,essential,necessary (3)与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式:主语 + 系词 + that + 主语(should) + do/be done同位从公式:n. + that + 主语(should)+ do + do/be done必认n. suggestion,proposal,order,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,commandation,motion,recommendation,advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did(过去式)早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式:真实,otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟,but +真实(一般考过去时)特点:真实——过去时或 must have done,对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done(三)情态v. + have done ,表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定,没有musn't(表禁止…)could + have done 本能够,可能做(但未做)couldn't + have done 一定未发生,一定没能may + have done 本可能,或许might+ have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做,而未做(含责备)shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了(含责备)未考过的needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了(无责备)need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing(形式主动,实际被动) = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词(一)不定式:to do / not to do1、形式(时态/语态), vt.(vi.只有主动)基本形式:注意:不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生,而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生,不定式的完成式不能作定语。
英语专四语法和词汇
专业四级语法和词汇:Test 1 集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等,通常作复数,用复数动词。
如: Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词,如:foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,如:audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
例如:A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析:tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired: 可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted: 表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
专四词汇与语法汇总
专四词汇与语法汇总bear,endure,stand,tolerate都含有一定的"忍耐、忍受"之意在表示忍受pain,suffering,hardship等时,在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用;通常与can或cannot连用bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力(常用于否定句中)endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服,强调持久力和意志坚强(常用于否定句中)stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起(常用于否定句中)tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗,语气最弱(即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句)He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。
The sorrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。
I can’t stand ho t weather.我受不了热天。
A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。
It’s hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。
assure,ensure,insure与reassure 区别assure,ensure,insure与reassure这四个单词可谓是形近意似,但用法却不无区别。
㈠assure▲assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生,既可以用来确证某事,也可以表示使某人确信(If you ASSURE a person of something,you promise them or tell them that)。
专四语法详细归纳
2. 以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 • 疾病名词: 单数:arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎,rickets软骨病,mumps 腮腺炎,diabetes糖尿病 可作单数也可作复数: rickets软骨病,measles麻疹 • 游戏名称一般做单数,表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数 Darts投镖,marbles打弹子游戏 Cards用复数:Cards are not allowed here. • 地理名称 国名用单数 群山、海峡、瀑布用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. • Scissors, glasses, shorts, trousers一类词单独使用用复数,加上单 位词,如a pair of 由单位词单、复数决定 • -ings结尾的名词一般用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually hurt. • 特例(见语法P33) The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指 一顿早饭,不可分割)
Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here. • 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时,随后动词常用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. • 主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组,取决于主 语本身形式。
专四语法词汇
退一步)
Be型虚拟
(should加动 词原形)
If条件句及 主句虚拟
虚拟 语气
一、Be型虚拟(should加动词原形)
某些从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 1、在demand, insist, move, order, command, prefer, propose, recommend, ask, request, suggest, vote等之后的相关从句里(包括这些词的表语从句、同位 语从句等) we demanded that the meeting (should) be postponed.
fit for 适于 foreign to 非……所原有;陌生的 fond of 喜欢 free of /from 未受……;免费 free with 康慨,大方 guilty of 有……罪的 hungry for 渴望 ignorant of 不知道 impatient at sth 不耐烦 impatient of 无法容忍 liable for 对……有责任 liable to 易 于 loyal to 忠于 mad at/with sb. 生气,愤怒 mad with 因……发狂 representative of 代表……的 relative to 与……有关 necessary to /for 必要的 opposite to 在对面 open to 不限制,开放的 particular about 挑剔,讲究
altitude
attitude 态度,看法 accident 事故;意外,偶然之事 incident 发生的事;事变,事件
conscience 良知 内科医生 consciousness 意识; 知觉 学家 custom 习惯,习俗 校长 customs 海关 原则 costume 服装;戏服
完整word版,英语专业四级语法汇总,推荐文档
专四语法考点串讲语法回顾篇:专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were),主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如:43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t考点3.与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do),主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。
例如:43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
(完整版)专四核心词汇固定搭配总结
专四核心词汇总结1.常用対例短启由下列动词构成的短语是近几年英语专业四级考试中比较常见的:1> answeranswer back 頂嘴answer for负责,保证,符合answer to适应,符合2)brii^bring about导致,引起bring along 把...... 带来bring around 说服bring back使回来,使复原bring down击落,打倒bring forth提出,出示,展示bring forward提出,提前,显示bring in生产,挣得.介绍,弓|进bring off救出,完成bring on引起,导致,使发展,提出bring over便相伯,说服3)carrycarry about随身携带carry along使人佩服carry away运走,使失去臼制力carry back运冋,拿冋,使冋忆起carry down 搬下,取下cany forward发扬,(账目)结转cany off夺去...... 的生命,戏得,成功对付carry on继续开展,坚持,举止央常cairy out完成,实现,贯彻,执行cairy over继续,《账目)结转次页,延期至...........carry through进行,贯彻,维持4)catchcatch at 抓住catch on抓牢.理解,流行catch out 发现catch叩迫上,吸引住,采用calch up on弥补,得到的消息Catch up to赶上,跟上catch up with赶上,連捕,处罚5)comecome about发生,产生,改变方向;发生,转向across来到,偶遇,<口>给人印象深刻:不期而遇,交付come at袭击,达到,得鄭到达,攻击come back回来,在记亿中集理,复原,恢复,反驳come before在.. 之前来,在之上come down下来,倒埸,没落,病倒,捐钱,流传下来,垂下come down on惩罚,索取;处罚,批评come down to归结为,涉及come down upon 处罚,批评come down with付钱,染上(病)come forth出现,涌理,被公布come forward自告奋勇,自愿come in进来,到达终点,流行起来,当* (钱)到手comeinfoc接受,受到,维承come into S入,得到,缝承'维承,取得/come off #开,举行,实现,成为come of Hi身于,由……引起;起源于,结果come on突然产生,要求,成为……负担,偶遇,跟着来,开始,出台,上演;快点, 赶快come out出来,长出,传出,褪去,接展出,U出,罢工:出现,真相大白coroe round to改变主意come through 历,脱险,传出,捐助】经历,成功come to达到,继承.复苏,停止;想起,共计come under归入,受到come up走近,上来,发芽,流行,发生,捡提出;上升,讨论,出现come up against 碰到;遭遇come up with赶E,提出;左出8me upon突然产生,要求,成为……负担,偶遇,突临,突袭6> dodo away with 给束,(口)千掉do down胜过,欺编dofor对.... 有效,代替,干掉do over焦做do叩束起,魚新嫁修,收给齐菠,疲乏.包好do with利用,忍受,需要,乐意做do without免除・不用7)drawdraw away枚走,退走draw back拉起,退却,缩回draw a blank抽空釜,一无所获draw in收.引诱,接近黄昏,紧缩幵支draw on «上,吸收,利用,引诱.向……提取,招来,临近drawom抽出,拉长,使说岀实情,拟订,跑到别人前面并拉开距离draw to a close接近結束draw up草拟,停住,邁近,追上,整乱8)fanfall apart崩溃,土崩瓦解fall away背离,屬开,消失,消瘦,倾斜fallback后退,退却fall behind落在...... 的后面,拖欠fall for爱上,倾心;上……的当,对……信以为真fall in (房屋等)坍下,倒塌,[军]集合,同意,(債务等)到期faDimo落入,陷于(混乱、错误等),注入,开始,分成,属于fan out争炒.畛架,闹碉,结果是,陶臥fall through失败,成为泡影9)ntfit in裝IE好fit in with适合,符合,适应fHon装上.试穿fitom装备,配备fHup准备,装冬(设各、房屋窖)10)getget about走动,旅行,传开,參加社会活动get across (使)越过,通过,被理解get ahead (使)走在前面,进步,获得成功get along生活,融洽相处,进展,有起色get along with进展;走开:别胡扯get at到达,够到,了解,意味着指责,含沙彫射地攻击get away逃脱,离开.把 ......... 送走getaway with侥幸成功,逃脱处罚get back回来,恢复,找回(央物等),羅新上台(执攻)get behind落后,支持,识破geiby通过,混过get down (从......>下来,吞下,写下,使沮丧get down to开始认真考虑Ret hold of抓住,得到get in进入,到达,收获,插入,陷入getinio进入,陷入,穿上gee off下来,脱下,出发,被容忍,动身,开始get on生活,融洽相处,进展,(使〉前进,<□>赶快,发迹,进展get on for (通常用进行时态)接近get out di去,离开,逃脱,泄諾,插脱,弄出来,说出,出版get out of从……之中获得……■避免,使说出8改over爬过,克服,熟过,恢复,原谅getround避免,说服,走动,传幵来get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通getto到达,接触到,开始,对……有影响get together 集,收集,积累get up起床11)handhand back 通还band down传下来,宣布hand in交上hand out把...... 众出来,分发,施會hand over 移交hand round 分发12)keepkeep after —再提酶,不断谊求keep ahead 领先keep at it [n]lm油干.使劲,别松劲?keep away 防范keep back落在后面,阻止,隐瞒,留下keep down 镇压.控制,编减,保留keep from阻止,隐瞒,抑制keep in押制,隐瞒,隐殖,缝续燃烧keep in with 不断bt好keep off让开,不接近....keepon继検,穿着....... 不脱keep on at纠繊,使烦悩keep out使在外keep to遵備keep up不低落,维持,缝续keep it up继续下去,不松効13)looklook about四处寻找,当由,家看,四处观看took after目送,寻求,照独,关心look at看,者成,普眼于look back 冋酝.倒:iM:回顾,look down俯视,跌价.用目光压倒look forward to 朔待,盼堡look into察视.浏览,观察look out 神,照料look round环顾,观光.察妬观光.仔顾察犒look through «穿,审情,浏跑,温习.从中显B5;希穿,彻底审女look to JW W.注竜,布堇look up向上稿,峰敏,仰单.査寻,拜访.好转14)makemake after 追随make against不利于,有害于make allowance for扣除,考虑到,为留余地make at袭击,扑向make away急忙逃走,急忙髙开make away with带……而逃走,摧毁,杀死,浪费,把……噂来:偷走make for (尤指匆匆地)走旬,有利于,恼向于,导致】向前进,有助于IS)movemove along向前移动move off 离开move out撤出,开始行动move on继续前进16)partpan from与..... 离别part with跟…分手,放弃,丧失,卖掉,薛退17)paypay attention 9 注意pay away [航海}放松,放岀《绳索等)pay back偿还(借款),报答,报笙:pay down当场支付,用现金支付pay for佬还,贻僕pay in存(款)入银行pay oif还清〈债务,),付清,报复,赢利pay out付出,报复pay up全部付■淸18)puUpull about把……拖来拖去,粗暴珂待pull at用力拉,大口喝,猛吸pull away脱身,离开pulldown摧毁,推翻,使降低,使身体变差,使下跌,使要廉,领取pull for朝……驶去,力图到达……,靠近puUin进站,作岸pull on穿,戴,继续拉pullout拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康puU through度过难关,恢复健康pull together齐心协力pull up拔起,停下,阻止19)patput across曜满完成,便拔接受put aside撤开,储存........ 各用put away放好,備存……备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃put Wk放回原处,向后移,推退,倒退,使后退put by放在一边,储存 ........ 务用,避开(人、质问等)put down Hl T»拒绝,镇压,羞辱,削减,记下,制止.,取缔put forth放出,发表,颁布,提出,启航,生出put forward放岀,拿出,提出.推举出put in放进,提出,提交、插入,进入,使就职,种植,进港put inside把送进监狱putimo使进入,把........ 翻译成,在...... 上种植puioff推迟,拖延,楕氈使分心,使厌恶,扔检脱掉,劝阻put00穿上,把•一放在上,装出,假装,増加,歎編,添上,使靠•“…维持生命putout放出,伸出,生产,消除,打扰,麻烦,作出努力,使退场put over ffi・・•・・・放在上,使转凯推近,拖延,驶过,使被接受,(尤指以歎骗手段)做成功put through使穿过,使从事,使经受,搞成,接通puc to •岸put together把……加起来,装配,使成整体,整理(思路、恵见等)pm叩举起,拾起,进行,提供,表现出,建造,提名,推举pul upon歎骗,使成为牺牲晶put up with忍受,容忍20)standstand against 抵抗standalone#立;卓越;(与in连用)无与伦比stand aside站开,躲开,不做事,(竞选时)通出stand away不接近,海升stand back往后站,退后stand behind后援,做后盾standby支持,遵守,袖手旁观,准备行动stand down «开法庭的证人席,暂时辞退,.順潮航行皿M for代表,代暮,象芷,支施做……的诲人stand in位于……中,代普演员站好位置,使花费stand in with与……分担,与・・・・・•联合standoff疏远,高岸,避开(债主或攻击者)gtandon继续同一方向的航行stand out站出来,突出,坚持抵抗血outfoH口](为等待史好时机)拖延时间I坚持•・・・,・;坚决要求stand over延期,监督,<澳口>恐吓«andto#……站立,遂中,坚持,圖执standup站起来,竖立,站得住脚,坚持,绸起,拥护,抵抗stand up for 支持stand UD TO21)taketake aback惊吓.迷贰take account of 考虐take advantage of 利用take after 像,学样lake away 取走Uteback送还,接阿.取消,使回忆起take by storm攻占,强夺,强烈感染,使大吃-惊take delight in 乐于take down拿下.记下,拆卸.病倒take fbr认为.以为uke hold of 援住take in接受,接待,吸收,理解,包括,轻信,注意到,欺骗takeoff拿掉,取消,脱衣,起飞,被弱.离开,岔开,'复制take on披上,呈现,具有,雇用.承担,盛气凌入,接纳,流行tagout泉出,取出,去掉,出发,取得,扣除.抵充,发泄takeover 把……从-嬉帯到另一地,接收,接管take to开始,喜欢,沉溺于,走向,照料,求助于,适应take叩拿起.开始从事,缝续,吸收.贵备,拘留,占据,认购take upon oneself承担,穀然,大胆,开始22)throwthrow back扔回,阻止,便重新依靠,反射throw (town扔F,使倒下,摧毁throw in边线发球throw off (从 ..... )扔升,去挿(伪装),接脱掉,散发出throw on匆匆穿上throw cmeself into投身于,积极从事throw open突然打开,开放throwout伸出,扔掉,说出,派岀,放出,使由局,使突出,显示throw overM弃,拒绝,使41盖thiDwup呕吐,猛地率起,放弃,产生,便显眼2a) workworicw从事,致力亍.站研work away不替地姓绒工作workin插进,引进.IE合work in wiihinilj .......................合拍,与...... 配合/协凹work。
(完整word版)英语专业四级考试语法汇总(word文档良心出品)
独立主格结构独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语,逻辑主语的代词又是主格,故常称为“独立主格”。
“独立结构”在句中起状语作用,相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如:表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。
表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。
专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套
Test One集体名词作主语主谓一致1)集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry 等,Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)有些集体名词,女口foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:All the machi nery in the factory is made in Ch ina.3)集体名词,女口audienee, committee, class, crew, family, public, government 等,既可作单数,Qr The city council is meeti ng to set its age nda.4) a committee,etc. of +如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词"构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有疲惫的”tiredHenry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home. 亨禾U很疲惫,一至U家就上-NT'' 鼻exhaustedThe exhausted engin eer fell asleep on the bus.fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。
(英语专业四级语法(考点)全版.ppt
新版课件
25
真题举例:
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
John is less bright than Bob.
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5
用法: 1.主语不同,比较项目相同。
This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同,比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机,不如说是政治危机
此用法也可用于less…than…结构,但得出相反的 含义。
The present crisis is much less a political than
新版课件
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3.no more …than (=not…any more than) 两者一样都不
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼,如同马不是鱼一样。
Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)
should do / were to do
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英语专四语法词汇知识大全(终审稿)
英语专四语法词汇知识大全TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】英语专业四级语法、词汇知识1.语法考题的涉及面宽,近年考题曾经考到:几乎所有词类;三种动词的非谓语形式;各种从句及关系词的用法;动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法;独立主格,主谓一致,倒装,强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。
2.语法考试的重点突出,语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目,这些项目还反复出现,如:虚拟语气,状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态动词。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法,不常用的情况1)虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时:It is vital/necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural / essential+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时:proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2)状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for?all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3)独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4)情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5)定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
英语专四完整语法
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点:1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
英语专四常见词汇语法汇总
专四常见名词和介词搭配短语第1组第1组1.absence from 缺席,不在如:His long absence from work delayed his promotion.他长期不上班,把他的提升给耽误了。
2. absence of 缺乏如:In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场, 我主动见机行事。
In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy.教师不在, 班上一片混乱.3. access to ……的入口,通路如:The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。
She was forbidden access to the club.人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去。
4. acquaintance with 相识,了解如:I have only a nodding acquaintance with Japanese.我对日语仅略知一二。
The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.导游懂得一点意大利语。
5. action on sth 对……的作用如:Evidences of glacial action on the rocks岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹6. addition to sth 增加如:She is a beautiful addition to the family.她是我们家漂亮的新成员。
Can we finance the addition to our home?我们可以为你提供经费。
7. admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会)如:How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace?怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫?Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭。
(完整版)专四语法专题复习:限定词解读
a bit of water a large amount of money much noise
(a) little space less oil
(the) least oil
(5)能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如the first,the second,the last,the next等既可 与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配。例如:
no books
no money
the other book
the other books
the other money
whose book
whose books
whose money
(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词
有 些 限 定 词 如 a(n) , one , another , each , every , either , neither,many a,such a等只能与单数名词搭配。例如:
名词属格(Genitive Noun):John’s,my friend’s
指示限定词(Demonstrative Determiner):this, that,these,those,such
关系限定词(Relative Determiner):whose which
疑问限定词(Interrogative Determiner):what,which, whose
his last two books 中后 后 two more sheets 后后
the first two chapters 中后 后
个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定 词,又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在such a ...和 such an …这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其 他限定词(some,any,no,all,few,another, other,many,one,two等)搭配时,such则是后位 限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如some such,any such,no such,few such,one such等,因 此把它归入后位限定词。
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A inconsiderable B inconsiderate
C inaccurate
D incomparable
67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ____ towards them. (2008)
A. considerable B. considering
exclusive news / report / store / club Are we exclusive?
语法题
53. She ________ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. (2009)
A. had been B. must be
A.no more B. not more C. even more D. much more
He is no more diligent than his brother. 和……一样不 He is not more diligent than his brother. 不超过,不比……更
He is no less diligent than his brother.
A.empty B.blank C.deserted D.vacant
57.Jimmy earns his living by ____ works of art in the museum.(2004)
A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving
专四语言知识
Dorothy
题型特点:
*总共20题,分值20分,时间10分钟 *语法题10道,词汇题10道 *语法居前,词汇居后
小练:
62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007 专四)
63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) ___ room in the hotels here. (2002)
A. empty B. vacant C.free D. deserted
60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel.(2003)
C. considerate D. considered
62.He plays tennis to the ____ of all other sports. (2004) A. eradication B. exclusion C. extension D. inclusion
68. The bar in the club is for the ____ use of its members. (2007) A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive unt of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. (2006)
A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing
80 The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation. (2006)
45. Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body. (2001) A. what B. as C. that D.like
A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference
56. Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a ___between red and green. (2001) A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division
C. has been D. must have been
56. She ________ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. (2007)
A. must be B.had been C.could be D. must have been 51. ___ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t
seem so gloomy. (2000)
A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look 64. ____ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate.
(2007)
A. Looking B.Looked C.Being looked D. To look
不亚于,和……一样
He is no more than a worker. (just) Not more than 5 students passed the exam. (at most)
比如:词汇题
58. We should make a clear ___ between ’competent’ and ’proficient’ for the purposes of our discussion. (2000)