2012年12月N2真题
2012英语二真题及答案
2012年考研英语(二)真题及答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol o f American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and wome n who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown i nto hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuc k it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not s omeone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 1 0) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13) portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what town s were cap tured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Strip es artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilizationthat the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelte r, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldi er,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most r ecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortun ately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the excepti on of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a st udent‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradic tory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensiv e equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do the ir homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implicati on that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without com pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empo wering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, acro ss-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about hom ework. If the district finds homework to be unimportan t to its students‘ academic achieve ment, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for al most nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsi ble for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____ _.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whe ther______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet i t is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is s uch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocen ce. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children w ere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washin g machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consid ered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strengt h. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised fe mininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it bega n to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for t he first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take th e toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research i n to children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of child hood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in t he 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they s hould create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a br oadly accept ed developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sur e-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magni fy gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wa s much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledt hatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisatio n(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystep‖inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecis ion,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbr eastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpati entsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy. TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneis aproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpate nts'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefile dabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecot tonfibres thathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.‖Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhet herthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemayyetreac htheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater p anies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for c orrelations tha t might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s effic acy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawy er for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the May o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a co nvention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginni ng. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. A nd ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our soci ety for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic d isaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in som e ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave socie ty better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy r iches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stoppe d or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically incre ases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opport unities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, th e economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recessi on see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairl y quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely h ow these lean tim es are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of n ational polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying ―to find silver linings‖(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bot t om the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Tho mas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This coul d be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about ho w we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more inte rested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was t he biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, thechampioned cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadi ng painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal exper ience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self -Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolut e working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many char acter, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as be acons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epo chal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. Fo r:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. His tory from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understa nding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs becam e just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANS WER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerne d at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals anduniversities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Bri tian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are p articularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearl y 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of a ll Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor c ountries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled w orkers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bou ght from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to exp ress my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I fou nd that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the a ppearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the a dvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have n ot kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures sho uld be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either se nd a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子―他们解放的人们‖可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012考研英语二真题及答案
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题National Entrance Test of English Ⅱfor MA/MSCandidates (NETEM)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that ?s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World WarⅡand the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much. GI . is just a military abbreviation 7 .Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka. Joe Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character. or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe , based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie ”cartoons of f a S m t a e r d s and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G .I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2.[A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3.[A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded4.[A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties5.[A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6.[A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against7.[A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8.[A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought back [D] passed down9.[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10.[A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11.[A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12.[A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13.[A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14.[A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15.[A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16.[A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17.[A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18.[A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances19.[A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20.[A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection ⅡReading ComprehensionText 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unifiedhas produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student?s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works bestfor their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students? academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late forL.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls ?lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls ?identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls ?lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what definedthem as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is naturalto kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. Iassumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, itwas popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.[A] the marketing of products for children[B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behavior[D] studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________.A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But inMarch 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step ”in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, saidthe ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule less a p“r o d i s u c n t o o f nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented orin the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug?s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for ,connecting the dots?, explains Hans Sau er, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patentableD. the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made products are patentableC. patents on genes depend much on innovationsD. courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_____A. establishing disease correlationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed ”(line4,para6)the author means that_____A. the Supreme Court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventions34. Generally speaki ng, the author?s attitude toward gene patenting is_____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Beforeit ends,It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; theyhad become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequencesof Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advanceof rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society?s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hardtimes will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.35.By saying “to find silver linin（gsLine 1,Para”.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession36. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle37. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes38. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others?[D]recover more quickly than the others39. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from theleft column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEERT40.(10 points)Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the Historyof the Great Men who have worked here, ”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not anymore it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be nomore than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approachthe past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain.Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting theexemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarchcelebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographicaltradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadingpainters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience ratherthan public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogueof the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which theyfurnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is inthe power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwrightand Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroiclives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than meremortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth norwaged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that. ”And h i s t o t r o y r y s h o o f uld be the sthe masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, thesocial contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen bythemselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. ”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of ThomasCarlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History frombelow stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - fromgender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lostsocieties. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.41.Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.42.Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their recor d of struggle.43.Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned atthe prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universitiesin the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40%of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to makeSection IV WritingPart A43. DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to1) Make a complaint and2) Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) Describe the table, and2) Give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words (15points)2012 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二答案Section ⅠUse of English1-5 BBAAC6-10 DCADB11-15 DBCDC16-20 ACBBDSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21-25 ACABDText 2 26-30 ABDCCText 3 31-35 CBACDText 4 36-40 DDBDAPart B41-45 AFGCEPart C当发展中国家的人们提起对移民的担忧，他们通常是在担心本国最优秀、最聪明的人前往发达国家的“硅谷”、医院和大学之后本国的前景。
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分03
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分032012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分03。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題13 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、1 、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
自分の能力や適性と、実際に就いている職業や希望する職業、あるいは生き方が必要とする能力や適性との間のギャップに悩むというのは、①よくあることです。
むしろピッタリ一致しているとか、能力•適性が十分あるとかいうケースのほうが稀でしょう。
もともと能力とか適性というのは、とてもつかみどころのないものであり、また経験によりたえず引き出されたり磨かれたりしていくものです。
運動面の能力や適性は比較的はっきり表面にあらわれるし、素質の影響が強いと思われますが、知的側面や社会的側面の能力や適性は自分自身でもなかなかわからないし、また経験によって伸びていく可能性も十分あります。
実は、能力や適性がないという自分観も、努力する一歩を踏み出すことのできない②自分に対する言い訳として用いられている面があります。
仕事がうまくいかない人が自分にはどうもこの仕事の適性がないと嘆いたり、今の仕事が向いてないと言いつつ転職への覚悟ができない人が、自分には能力がないからどんな仕事に替わってもどうせダメなんだと自嘲(注1)気味に言ったりするのをよく耳にします。
このような言い方も、今ひとつ頑張りきれない自分や、思いきって仕事を替えてみる勇気のない自分に対する弁解(注2)だったりするのです。
自分は能力がない、適性がない、自分には無理だなどと萎縮(注3)している人は、それは勝手な思い込みにすぎないのではないか、意欲や行動力の乏しさに対する弁解にすぎないのではないか、と自らに問いかけてみるべきでしょう。
能力や適性というのは、昨日までなかったのに、気持ちを入れ替えたからといって突然高まるなどということは考えにくいものです。
2012年12月N2真题听力原文(问题5)
沪江日语绿宝书之2012年12月新日本語能力試験2級听力原文問題5問題5では、長めの話を聞きます。
この問題には練習はありません。
問題用紙にメモを取ってもかまいません。
1番、2番、問題用紙に何も印刷されていません。
まず話を聞いてください。
それから、質問と選択肢を聞いて、1から4の中から最もよいものを一つ選んでください。
１番正解：3男の人と女の人がレストランについて話しています。
M:山本さんの結婚お祝い会をするお店んなんだけど、どんなとこがいいかな。
F:そうね。
参加者が全部で30人で、予算は一人5000円ぐらいまでかな。
落ち着いて話ができるところがいいねえ。
M:そうだなあ。
レストランミラノは？ミラノだったら、予算内でおいしいイタリア料理が食べられるよ。
あっ、でもスペースが厳しいかも。
そんなに入らないなあ。
F:そう。
それじゃあねえ。
M:うーん。
それから、金沢っていう日本料理屋もいいよ。
古い家が店になってて、広い庭もあるし、落ち着いた感じだよ。
F:よさそうねえ。
でも、予算、大丈夫？M:ああ、5000円じゃきかないねえ。
それだったら、桜ホテルのレストランはどうかな。
ホテルの中庭にあって、雰囲気がいいよ。
あそこなら、入れそうだし。
F:ホテルなら、集まりやすいしねえ。
M:うん。
そうそう、船でパーティができるところもあるよ。
未来まるっていう船。
料理はバイキング形式で、フランス料理から和食まで何でもあるけど、立食スタイルだから、座って話せないねえ。
F:やっぱり結婚のお祝いだから、ゆっくり話せるところがいいねえ。
二人はどの店を選びますか。
1レストランミラノ2金沢3桜ホテル4未来まる2番正解：3母親と姉と弟が語学留学について話しています。
M:お母さん、夏休みの語学留学のことだけど、大学で、パンフレットもらってきたんだ。
Ｆ:あら、そう。
M:うん。
この学校、去年お姉ちゃんが行ったとこだよね。
ね、どうだった？Ｆ2：うん、よかったよ。
2012年12月日语N2真题
2012.12 N2文字词汇問題1 ____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 田中さんの話は抽象的で分かりにくかった。
1) ちゅうしょうてき2) ちゅうぞうてき3) ゆうしょうてき4) ゆうぞうてき2. その本は、明日までに必ず返却してください。
1) へんきょく2) へんきゃ3) へんきゃく4) へんきょ3. 針が見つからなくて困った。
1) ねじ2) はり3) くぎ4) かぎ4. 山田さんはいつもここから夕日を撮影している。
1) さつえい2) さいけい3) さつけい4) さいえい5. ガラスの破片が落ちているから、気をつけてください。
1) ひがた2) はがた3) ひへん4) はへん問題2 _____の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 夏になると、この島には多くの観光客がおとずれる。
1) 往れる2) 伺れる3) 参れ4) 訪れる7. 今年はたくさんの野菜がしゅうかくできたそうだ。
1) 集穫2) 集得3) 収穫4) 収得8. 餌をあげたとたん、その犬がすごいいきおいで食べ始めたのでびっくりした。
1) 乱い2) 勢い3) 荒い 4 ) 暴い9. そしきが大きくなると、運営も大変になる。
1) 祖識2) 組識3) 組織4) 祖織10. 町のいたるところに花が植えられている。
1) 至るところ2) 及るところ3) 満るところ4) 総るところ問題3 （）に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 昨日、（）夜中に電話で起こされた。
1) 正2) 実3) 本4) 真12. 昨日の選挙の投票（）は非常に高かった。
1) 割2) 率3) 値4) 比13. この本棚の本は、作家名のアルファベット（）に並んでいます。
1) 順2) 番3) 序4) 位14. 外からあまり見えないように、この窓は（）透明のガラスにしてある。
2012年12月日语能力考N2真题及答案、解析
2012年12月日语能力考试N2解析問題1問題1 ではまず質問を聞いてください。
それから話を聞いて、問題用紙の1 から4 の中から、最もよいものを一つ選んでください。
1 番正解：41 しりょうをさがす2 ファイルにしりょうの名前を書く3 しりょうをならべなおす4 しりょうの分類方法の案を作る会社で女の人と男の人が話しています。
男の人はまず何をしなければなりませんか。
F:この棚、ぜんぜん整理してないみたいだね。
資料を探すの大変。
M:そういえば、１年ぐらい片付けてないかもしれません。
F:名前すらついてないファイルもあるし、きれいに並べないとね。
あのう、悪いんだけど。
整理、お願いしてもいい？M: はい、わかりました。
じゃあ、分類しないといけませんね。
F:うん。
でも、細かすぎると、かえって使いにくくなると思う。
分類の仕方をみんなで話し合ったほうがいいかもしれないね。
来週のミーティングで提案できるように、考えといてくれる？M:わかりました。
じゃ、整理するのはその後ですね。
男の人はまず何をしなければなりませんか。
2 番正解：21 じゅこうりょう2 かいいんしょう3 包丁4 エプロン電話で、料理教室の人と女の人が話しています。
女の人は料理教室に何を持って行かなければなりませんか。
M:もしもし、若葉料理教室ですが…F:あっ、こんにちは。
M:この度は料理教室にお申込いただき、ありがとうございます。
受講料のご入金の確認ができました。
本日、会員証を発送いたしましたので、毎回お持ちください。
F:あ、ありがとうございます。
あのう、持ち物のことなんですが、それだけ持っていけばいいんでしょうか。
M:ええ、材料など、こちらで用意しております。
F:あのう、包丁とかって…M:ええ、もちろんございます。
エプロンもこちらで用意しておりますが、もしご自分のものをお使いになりたいようでしたら、どうぞお持ちください。
F:ああ、はい。
なんでも揃ってるんですね。
2012考研英语二真题完整版(含答案)
2012考研英语二真题完整版：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, thoug h it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according toJo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assum ed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruledthat genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The BiotechnologyIndustry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a“preliminary step‖ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturnedthe prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genssthat help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, acompany in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts willremain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make threemain arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation ratherthan reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to st year a federal taskforce urged reform for patentsrelated to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a briefin the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule ―is no less a product ofnature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated f rom cotton seeds. ‖Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially to lerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – OnFamous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .Part B48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.Writer your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012年考研英语（二）真题答案解析：[非教育部考试中心官方标准答案，仅供参考]完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.D7.C8.A9.C 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.C16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.B阅读理解：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译：而发展中国家担心移民，则通常考虑的是，他们最优秀的人才流入了硅谷，或是发达国家的一些医院和大学。
2012年考研英语(二)真题及答案完整版
2012年考研英语（二）真题及答案完整版2012年考研英语二真题。
2012年考研英语考试已结束，考研教育网现将2012考研英语真题汇总整理如下，供考生参考。
Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,intoever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpaten tsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010 ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotech nologyIndustryOrganisation（BIO），atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman' sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmaketh reemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumbers styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests .InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature……thanarecottonfibre sthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample，itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgene swithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ，however，other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract，looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes ofdisease or predict a drug‘s efficacy，companies are eager to win patents for ’connecting the dits‘，expaains hans sauer，alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue， brought by the Mayo Clinic， which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like ——A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that——A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ，companies are eager to win patents for——A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”（line4，para6）the author means that ——A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ，the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is——A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over， but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends，it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately， it is likely to reshape our politics，our culture， and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment， while extremely painful， had improved them in some ways； they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent； they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects，perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least， it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses， and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part， these benefits seem thin， uncertain， and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth， the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ，lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive，and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases， as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession， but it has not shrunk in this one，。
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分02
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分022012年12月日语能力考二级真题读解部分02。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題11 次の(1)から(3)の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
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【7A版】2012年考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
英语二真题：Section1UseofEninglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymb olofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Totheme nandwomenwho（1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe（2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguyw ho（3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoGholes,whowentwithoutthe （4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurde r.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,（5)anaverageguy,up （6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincent uries.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation（7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle（8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever（9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas（10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heapp ersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStor yofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcovering the(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,notho wmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(1 6)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtan deGhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachot herandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France ,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostim portantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint SectionIIResdiongComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.answerthequestionaftereachteGtbychoosing A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanypare nts,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrosst hecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhis educationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.UnifiedhasproducedaninfleGiblepolic ywhichmandatesthatwiththeeGceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homew orkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorc haotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisuncle arandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudent scannotdowithouteGpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivin gapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobelower edforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teache rsareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingf ornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomewor kandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowell onstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudent swhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossibleth atthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatwo rksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabout homework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’a cademicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments, notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothi ngtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyare willingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresp onsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspubli chearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstude nts_____.[A]tendtohavemoderateeGpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomework iswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplaceseGtraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.AsuitabletitleforthisteGtcouldbe______.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkTeGt2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour, yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,b utitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinon eway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitp resentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonly innocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesing ul arlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirD NA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,iti snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheer abeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter ,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bot hboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whenn urserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremascul inecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,wit hitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfe mininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandseGdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpin kfullycameint oitsown, whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthema sfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionof whatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldev elopment.Takethetoddler.IassumedthatphasewassomethingeGpertsdev elopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,ac dordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopulari sedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesal es,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyacceptedde velopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshaspro vedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentama rketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotprevio uslyeGist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannoteGplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelo pmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto____ _.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyeGplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicaleGpertsTeGt3In20GG.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'pani eshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by20GGsome20% ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch20GGajudgeruledthatgeneswer eunpatentable.EGecutiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndust ryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtov erturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpat entstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefeG ecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsand patientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourt swillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmake threemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soit maynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;a ndpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrow styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpate ntsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule “isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparate dfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Fore Gample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepa tentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpac paniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghow genesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminetheca usesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatent sfor‘connectingthedits’,eGpaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheM ayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsneGtterm.TheBIOrtcentlyh eldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftingland scapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----A.theireGecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatcntablcD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaonD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----A.establishingdiseasecomelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernwyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveTeGt4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeg inning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagener ationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourcultu re,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconom icdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileeGtremelypainful,hadimpro vedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciall yprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects, perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawoke nusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputane cessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMor alConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFried manarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomic stagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandl essinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfr eedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetwe enracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,andd ecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.Theresear chofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnot allpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewith degreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisew ouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneathth emthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbe enhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscernin gpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyres pects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytim einitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhavesh ownmiGedresults.WewillhavetowaitandseeeGactlyhowthesehardtimeswi llreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongerthe yeGtend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]eGplorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfro meliteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywitheGperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePartBDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfrom theleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isat bottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thisc ouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruth abouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefa thersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notins piration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecounti ngtheeGemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,Petrarchbeganworkonhisrambli ngwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtu e)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortun eandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachi avelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness, andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfullea ders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemorated theleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonaleGperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictoriana uthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengin eers,industrialistsandeGplores."ThevaluableeGampleswhichtheyfurnisho fthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastinte grity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,eGhibit,"wr oteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"Hisbiogra phiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupas beaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesont hetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonapart e.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowled gedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmens ewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assu ch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialconteGtsandpow errelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theyd onotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumsta ncesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricH obsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wh olenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—w ereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittran sformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingteGtfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslat iononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValley ortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekindofwo rkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimm igrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountri esareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin20GGf oundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,co mparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"hasl ongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheirecon omies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewpro ductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIVWritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythat youboughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerser vicecenterto1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEGT1：21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEGT2：26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEGT3：31.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEGT4：36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012年12月2日托福口语真题解析
2012年12月2日托福口语真题解析2012年12月2日托福口语真题解析1. 好学校最重要的特征？In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Give details and examples in your response.A good school should have a large library with a lot of books, new science labs with updated facilities, and a spacious student center. A good library gives students access to all kinds of books. If they need any, they can check it out online or in person right away and not have to wait for weeks to borrow the book from another library by using a book borrowing system, like EZBorrow. Updated facilities, especially in the sciences, provides a platform for students in science majors to get accurate experiment results. Last, a roomy student center is a good place for students to relax, and get rid of the stress they get from studying.2. 朋友选观点一致的好还是不同观点的好？Do you prefer to be friends with the people who share the same opinion as you do or the people who hold different opinions?Personally speaking, I prefer to be friends with people who share the same opinion as I do. If we have the same opinion on things, it is easier to communicate with each other. I do not have to worry about offending them by disagreeing with them. Second, I usually have more in common with people who think the same way as I do and I feel happy and more comfortable when hanging out with them. Third, it saves me a lot of time rather than explaining my opinion over and over again to those who don't understand and disagree with me. So, I like to make friends who share a similar-have the same values as me.3. 学校要把学生学习的区域变成图书馆，男生不同意，第一因为学校可以用电脑资料什么的代替那么多书，第二是学生本来就在那地方学习，要是被换了之后又得找地方了解析：阅读材料中学校要把学生学习的区域变成（turn into）图书馆。
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题文法部分01
2012年12月日语能力考二级真题文法部分012012年12月日语能力考二级真题文法部分01。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題7 次の文の( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
33. 電子メールが普及している今の時代であるから( )、手書きの手紙に温かい気持ちを感じる。
1) こそ 2) さえ 3) すら 4) だけ34. 母「また寝てるの?せっかくの休みなんだから、寝て( )いないで、外に出かけたら?」息子「わかったよ。
」1) しか 2) でも 3) ぐらい 4) ばかり35. 人は通勤に多くの時間を使っている。
( )通勤に往復2時間かけるとすると、1年間で480時間も通勤に使っている計算になる。
1) たとえ 2) かりに 3) ようやく 4) かえって36. 先月電子レンジを買ったが、いくらも( )壊れてしまった。
1) 使っていると 2) 使っているうちに 3) 使わないと 4) 使わないうちに37. 彼は小説家になってから、1年に1冊のペースで長編小説を( )、来月出る小説で10冊目となる。
1) 発表しつつ 2) 発表しており 3) 発表するにつれ 4) 発表したところで38. 駅前に新しくできたラーメン屋はいつも込んでいる。
昨日も大雨( )行列ができていた。
1) にしても 2) にしたって 3) にかぎらず 4) にもかかわらず39. 川村「青木くんは、今日お休み?」山田「うん。
アイスの食べ過ぎでおなかが痛くなったって連絡あったよ。
」川村「青木くん( )ね。
」1) らしい 2) みたいだ 3) のようだ 4) のことだ40. 最近は夜遅くまで開いているスーパーが多くなってきた。
スーパーに( )、24時間営業のところもある。
1) よっては 2) とっても 3) ついても 4) おいては41. 先輩「受験する大学は決まった?」後輩「いえ、僕は海外の大学に行きたいんですけど、両親は僕を自宅から通える大学に( )」1) 行かせてほしいんです2) 行こうとしてほしいんです3) 行かせたがっているんです 4) 行こうとしたがっているんです42. 最近は毎月決まった金額でかけ放題の国際電話サービスがある。
2012年12月日语N2真题
12年12月真题問題1 ____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
1. 田中さんの話は抽象的で分かりにくかった。
1) ちゅうしょうてき2) ちゅうぞうてき3) ゆうしょうてき4) ゆうぞうてき2. その本は、明日までに必ず返却してください。
1) へんきょく2) へんきゃ3) へんきゃく4) へんきょ3. 針が見つからなくて困った。
1) ねじ2) はり3) くぎ4) かぎ4. 山田さんはいつもここから夕日を撮影している。
1) さつえい2) さいけい3) さつけい4) さいえい5. ガラスの破片が落ちているから、気をつけてください。
1) ひがた2) はがた3) ひへん4) はへん問題2 _____の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
6. 夏になると、この島には多くの観光客がおとずれる。
1) 往れる2) 伺れる3) 参れる4) 訪れる7. 今年はたくさんの野菜がしゅうかくできたそうだ。
1) 集穫2) 集得3) 収穫4) 収得8. 餌をあげたとたん、その犬がすごいいきおいで食べ始めたのでびっくりした。
1) 乱い2) 勢い3) 荒い4) 暴い9. そしきが大きくなると、運営も大変になる。
1) 祖識2) 組識3) 組織4) 祖織10. 町のいたるところに花が植えられている。
1) 至るところ2) 及るところ3) 満るところ4) 総るところ問題3 （）に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
11. 昨日、（）夜中に電話で起こされた。
1) 正2) 実3) 本4) 真12. 昨日の選挙の投票（）は非常に高かった。
1) 割2) 率3) 値4) 比13. この本棚の本は、作家名のアルファベット（）に並んでいます。
1) 順2) 番3) 序4) 位14. 外からあまり見えないように、この窓は（）透明のガラスにしてある。
1) 弱2) 中3) 低4) 半15. 海外のホテルでも日本（）のサービスを取り入れるところが増えているらしい。
2012年 12月n2听力题
2012年12月N2听力题是日语能力考试N2级别听力部分的试题之一。
在这项考试中，听力部分承担着非常重要的作用，它不仅考察了考生对日语听力的理解能力，同时也是检验考生整体语言水平的一个重要指标。
对于广大准备参加N2考试的考生来说，了解2012年12月N2听力题的内容和特点是非常重要的。
下面我们将对2012年12月N2听力题进行具体分析。
一、2012年12月N2听力题的基本特点2012年12月N2听力题主要考察了考生对日常生活中常见场景和对话的理解能力。
与N1级别相比，N2级别的听力题目更侧重于生活化的话题和日常对话，考试难度相对较低。
这意味着考生在备考过程中需要重点关注日常用语和常见场景的词汇和表达方式，以便更好地理解和应对考题。
二、2012年12月N2听力题的题型特点2012年12月N2听力题主要包含以下几种题型：1. 对话题：主要考察考生对日常对话的理解能力，对话内容涵盖了购物、预约、工作、生活等多个方面。
2. 独白题：主要考察考生对单一讲话者信息的理解能力，内容涉及旅行指南、广播告示、讲座等。
3. 多人对话题：主要考察考生对多个讲话者信息的整体把握能力，内容涉及工作会议、生活规划、学校活动等。
三、2012年12月N2听力题备考方法针对2012年12月N2听力题，考生需要采取以下备考方法：1. 听力训练：针对不同的题型，考生可以通过大量的听力练习来提高自己的听力水平，熟悉各种日常对话和场景，锻炼对生活化话题的理解能力。
2. 注意词汇积累：考生需要将重点放在日常用语和常见场景的词汇积累上，了解各种生活场景中常见的表达方式和套路，积累丰富的口语表达能力。
3. 模拟练习：在备考过程中，考生可以通过模拟考试来检验自己的听力水平和应对能力，及时发现问题并及时调整备考策略。
四、2012年12月N2听力题备考注意事项在备考2012年12月N2听力题时，考生需要注意以下几个方面：1. 注重细节：考生在听力训练和模拟练习中要注重对细节信息的捕捉和理解，生活场景中的细微变化往往对应着听力题目中的关键信息。
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2012年12月N2真题問題１＿＿＿の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
1.田中さんの話は抽象的で分かりにくかった。
1) ちゅうしょうてき 2) ちゅうぞうてき 3) ゆうしょうてき 4) ゆうぞうてき2.その本は、明日までに必ず返却してください。
1) へんきょく 2) へんきゃ 3) へんきゃく 4) へんきょ3.針が見つからなくて困った。
1) ねじ 2) はり 3) くぎ 4) かぎ4.山田さんはいつもここから夕日を撮影している。
1) さつえい 2) さいけい 3) さつけい 4) さいえい5.ガラスの破片が落ちているから、気をつけてください。
1) ひがた 2) はがた 3) ひへん 4) はへん問題２＿＿＿の言葉を漢字で書くとき、最もよいものを１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
6.夏になると、この島には多くの観光客がおとずれる。
1) 往れる2) 伺れる3) 参れる4) 訪れる7.今年はたくさんの野菜がしゅうかくできたそうだ。
1) 集穫2) 集得3) 収穫4) 収得8.餌をあげたとたん、その犬がすごいいきおいで食べ始めたのでびっくりした。
1) 乱い2) 勢い3) 荒い4) 暴い9.そしきが大きくなると、運営も大変になる。
1) 祖識2) 組識3) 組織4) 祖織10.町のいたるところに花が植えられている。
1) 至るところ2) 及るところ3) 満るところ4) 総るところ問題３（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４からひとつ選びなさい。
11. 昨日、（）夜中に電話で起こされた。
1) 正2) 実3) 本4) 真12. 昨日の選挙の投票（）は非常に高かった。
1) 割2) 率3) 値4) 比13. この本棚の本は、作家名のアルファベット（）に並んでいます。
1) 順2) 番3) 序 4) 位14. 外からあまり見えないように、この窓は（）透明のガラスにしてある。
1) 弱2) 中3) 低4) 半15. 海外のホテルでも日本（）のサービスを取り入れるところが増えているらしい。
1) 似2) 流3) 類4) 法問題４（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
16. 栄養が（）ように、いろいろな食品を食べたほうがいい。
1) はぶかれない2) はずされない3) かたよらない4) かたむかない17. ダムの建設は、計画通り（）進んでいる。
18. 急いでいるのに、渋滞のせいで車が前に進まなくて（）した。
1) いらいら2) わくわく3) すっきり4) うっかり19. 兄は「残業が多い、給料が安い」と会社の（）ばかり言っている。
1) ゆううつ2) ぐち3) 苦情4) 非難20. あのドラマは、最後に主人公が恋人と再会する（）が感動的だった。
1) 要所2) 名所3) 場面4) 画面21. A社はこの10年で、社員一万人の大企業に（）した。
1) 発達2) 展開3) 上昇4) 成長22. 激しい運動をたまにするより、（）運動を毎日続ける方が体にはいいらしい。
1) 適度な2) 簡略な3) 好調な4) 対等な問題５の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
23. ちょっと追加したいデータがあります。
1) たしたい2) なおしたい3) のせたい4) しらべたい24. その国も今の時期はそうとう暑いだろう。
1) たぶん2) どうせ3) やはり4) かなり25. 少しの間、じっとしていてください。
1) 見ないで2) 話さないで3) 使わないで4) 動かないで26. あやまった情報が流れてしまったようだ。
1) 古い2) 正しくない3) 秘密の4) 必要のない27. ちょっと手がかさかさしている。
1) 汚れている2) 冷えている3) しびれている4) 乾燥している問題６次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
28. 廃止1) 廃止両国が互いに主張を譲らず、会議は予定より早く廃止された。
2) 時間も遅くなったので、区切りのいいところで作業を廃止した。
3) その制度は現状に合わなくなったので、先月で廃止された。
4) 健康のために、たばこを廃止するよう家族に言われた。
29. 心強い1) 心強い姉は心強くて、どんなにつらいことがあっても涙を見せない。
2) 初めてのプレゼンで不安だったが、先輩が一緒だったので心強かった。
3) アメリカに10年住んでいたので、英語はわりと心強いです。
4) やると決めたことは最後まであきらめずにやる心強い人間になりたい。
30. さっさと1) さっさといつまでもテレビを見てないで、さっさと宿題をしなさい。
2) 雷が鳴り出したと思ったら、さっさと雤が降り出した。
3) さっさと着くので、もう少しそこで待っていてください。
31. ふさぐ1) ふさぐ種をまいたら、土でふさいで水をやってください。
2) 鍋をふたでふさぐと、中の肉に熱が通りやすくなります。
3) 紙袋に穴があいていたので、セロテープでふさいだ。
4) 電子レンジで温めるときは、皿をラップでふさいでください。
32. 冷静1) 冷静不安定だったわが国の経済状態が、ようやく冷静になってきた。
2) トラブルが発生したときでも、森さんは慌てずに冷静に対応していた。
3) 熱が下がるまで、冷静にしていたほうがいい。
4) 台風で波が高かった海も、今日はすっかり冷静になった。
問題７次の文の（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
33. 電子メールが普及している今の時代であるから（）、手書きの手紙に温かい気持ちを感じる。
1) こそ2) さえ 3) すら4) だけ34. 母「また寝てるの？せっかくの休みなんだから、寝て（）いないで、外に出かけたら？」息子「わかったよ。
」1) しか2) でも3) ぐらい4) ばかり35. 人は通勤に多くの時間を使っている。
（）通勤に往復2時間かけるとすると、1年間で480時間も通勤に使っている計算になる。
1) たとえ2) かりに3) ようやく4) かえって36. 先月電子レンジを買ったが、いくらも（）壊れてしまった。
1) 使っていると2) 使っているうちに3) 使わないと4) 使わないうちに37. 彼は小説家になってから、1年に1冊のペースで長編小説を（）、来月出る小説で10冊目となる。
1) 発表しつつ 2) 発表しており3) 発表するにつれ4) 発表したところで38. 駅前に新しくできたラーメン屋はいつも込んでいる。
昨日も大雤（）行列ができていた。
1) にしても2) にしたって3) にかぎらず4) にもかかわらず39. 川村「青木くんは、今日お休み？」山田「うん。
アイスの食べ過ぎでおなかが痛くなったって連絡あったよ。
」川村「青木くん（）ね。
」1) らしい2) みたいだ3) のようだ4) のことだ40. 最近は夜遅くまで開いているスーパーが多くなってきた。
スーパーに（）、24時間営業のところもある。
1) よっては2) とっても3) ついても4) おいては41. 先輩「受験する大学は決まった？」後輩「いえ、僕は海外の大学に行きたいんですけど、両親は僕を自宅から通える大学に（）」1) 行かせてほしいんです2) 行こうとしてほしいんです3) 行かせたがっているんです4) 行こうとしたがっているんです42. 最近は毎月決まった金額でかけ放題の国際電話サービスがある。
私が留学していたときにもそんなサービスがあったら（）。
1) どれだけよかった2) どれだけよかったか3) どうしてもよかった4) どうしてもよかったか43. （店で）店員「こちらの車はいかがですか。
中古車ですが、（）新車と変わらないくらいきれいですよ。
」客「そうですね。
きれいですね。
」1) ご覧のように 2) ご覧いただくために3) 拝見したとおり4) 拝見したきり44. （ホームページで）Q:ゲームをしていたら、急に画面が暗くなってしまいました。
どうしたらいいですか。
A:一度電源を切り、1分くらい経ってからまたつけてみてください。
ただし、同じことが何度も（）故障です。
修理を依頼してください。
1) 繰り返させるようならば2) 繰り返せるようになれば3) 繰り返されるようならば4) 繰り返させられるようになれば問題８次の文の★に入る最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。
45. A「あ、飲み物がなくなってしまいましたね。
」B「じゃあ、私がちょっとコンビニに_____ _____ __★__ _____いてください。
」A「私もいっしょに買いに行きますよ。
」1) きますから2) 行って3) 待って4) 買って46. この計画をこのまま_____ _____ __★__ _____だろう。
1) 必要がある2) いずれにしても3) 早急に結論を出す4) 進めるかやめるか47. 「来週の登山の持ち物について質問があります。
配られたプリントに、ビニール袋を持参_____ _____ __★__ _____ 足りるのでしょうか。
」1) ありますが2) だいたい何枚ぐらい3) のことと4) 用意すれば48. 何か目的があって_____ _____ __★__ _____ということがよくある。
1) 何をしに行ったのか2) 忘れてしまう3) はずなのに4) その場所に行った49. 日本の食卓(しょくたく)に_____ _____ __★__ _____大豆だが、日本国内で作られているものはわずかで、その多くを海外からの輸入に頼っているという。
1) 欠かせない2) 原料となる3) 調味料の4) みそやしょうゆといった問題9 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の内容を考えて、__50__から__54__の中に入る最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。
サクラが春に咲く不思議冬の寒さも緩み、春の陽気が感じられるようになってきました。
春は花の季節。
サクラをはじめ、ウメやモモなど多くの木々が花を咲かせます。
ところで、これらの花は、なぜ春に一斉に咲くのでしょう。
花なんて暖かくなれば咲くものだと__50__。
確かに、気温の上昇も重要です。
ただ、皆さんは、春に花を咲かせる木がいつその準備をしているかご存じですか。
__51__、開花する前の年の夏には、すでに花となる芽（花芽）が作られ、花を咲かせる準備ができているのです。
そう考えると、春まで待って一斉に咲くというのは不思議ではありませんか。
一体どういう仕組みなのでしょう。
サクラやウメなどの木は夏に、成長を抑える休眠物質を葉で作ります。
それが花芽にたまると、葉が落ち、花芽は「休眠」という期間に入ります。