科技论文写作期末作业

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科技论文写作的试卷

科技论文写作的试卷
一、科技论文写作试卷：
1.完成以下各题：
(1)描述你所选择的科技主题；
(2)分析该主题所带来的变化；
(3)确定该主题的影响范围；
(4)考虑未来发展趋势并提出一些建议。

二、实践活动：
1.根据自己的研究课题，计划出一份10-15页的科技论文，结
合前文内容；
2.读取一些关于相关科技文章，加深对课题的理解；
3.根据阅读材料，使用word处理软件，编排出一份科技论文；
4.根据上述内容，完成一篇科技论文，并在文本正文中引用所
涉及到的参考资料；
5.使用拟定的介绍性文献，重新梳理已完成部分，添加需要补
充的论述；
6.检查论文结构，确保所有章节符合文章格式；
7.完成最终版本，向老师提交科技论文。

科技小论文作文

科技小论文作文科技小论文作文(15篇)现如今，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。

相信许多人会觉得论文很难写吧，以下是店铺帮大家整理的科技小论文作文，希望能够帮助到大家。

科技小论文作文1二十年后的我，现在已经是一个天天忙碌不安的科学家了，我曾经经过了无数日夜的努力学习劳动成果，现在才成为了一位伟大的科学家，我无意间，翻开了小学五年级时的课文，突然看到了一首王安石的《泊船瓜洲》“京口瓜洲一水间，钟山只隔数重山。

春风又绿江南岩，明月何时照我还。

”这一首诗勾起我想起在故乡的美好时光，终于，有一天我回到了阔别已久的故乡。

“叮咚！叮咚！”我按响了父母家的门铃。

只见“砰”的一声，大门打开了，爸爸妈妈一看见我高兴的喊道：“我们的女儿终于回来了！”我在父母家吃过午饭便提出要去母校看看。

我便飞快的骑着我喜欢的小狗飞车，现在有很多种动植物飞车，动植物飞车是动物和植物的结构组成的，还可以飞起来，还很环保。

到了，我亲爱的母亲，我已经离开你18年了，天啊，我看到了一栋10层的教学楼，最顶层是奥数班，下面几层是教室，中间4层是阅览室，微机房和实验室。

我乘着电梯来到了最顶层，看我以前的同学在给同学们上奥数呢！下课了，我问他：“请问你是XXX吗？”“是的，你是……”我又不知不觉地来到了一块奇异的石头上，我想坐在石头上休息会儿，竟发现石头会发生美妙的歌声，我赶紧观赏起这块石头，把它记录下来。

太有趣了。

“故乡的山，故乡的人……”我又听到了那首美丽的歌曲，只是听起来不再陌生，因为我现在还站家乡的土地上，还欣赏着家乡的美景，我爱我的故乡！科技小论文作文2一天清晨，小雨淋淋，一条小路上，几乎爬满了蚯蚓。

我很好奇，为什么蚯蚓会爬到地上来？他们是集体开会吗？突然间我想到了一个问题:蚯蚓到底喜欢干燥还是潮湿呢？我用盒子装了几条蚯蚓回去，蚯蚓到底喜欢干燥还是潮湿，我要好好研究一下。

我把蚯蚓放到了一个长方形的盒子里，两边都放上泥土，一边洒一些水在泥土上，模仿下雨时的泥土。

英文科技论文写作与学术报告期末试题与答案

1.单选题(1.5分)Which one should not be including in writing scientific papers?•A Scientific attitude.•B Logics in presention.• Our own feelings and emotions.•D Authentic language.2.单选题(1.5分)If the readers want to know the result of the paper quickly, which part can they read?•A Introduction.• Abstract.•C Discussion•D The whole paper.3.单选题(1.5分)Which of the following translation is authentic?•注意安全---- take care.•B第一教学楼---- No.1 teaching building.•C小心落水---- fall into water carefully.•D投诉电话---- law suit phone number.4.单选题(1.5分)Which statement is CORRECT when we read work of others?•A Comment on other people's work with an offensive attitude.• Comment on other people's work when you think the other people's work is valuable to the academic community.•C Use the word like this is nothing but…•D We don’t need to be generous because every work has its shortcomings.5.单选题(1.5分)Which one is NOT the main factor when the reviewer determine whether to accept your paper?•A The contribution of your paper.•B The novelty of methodology.• The number of references you cite.•D The quality of your model.6.单选题(1.5分)Which statement is NOT CORRECT in problem descriptions or formulation section?•A If you have descriptions of the approach or algorithm, you put it here.• If you have simulation results or numerical results, you put it here.•C If you want to emphasize the novelty of your method, you describe the unique features of the method.•D In this section, you want to let the contributions of the paper stand out.Which one is CORRECT when you list the references?•A It’s ok if you put as many references as you can.•B To enrich your paper, you should can list something that is not referred to in your paper.• Every reference you list here must be referred in the main text.•D It’s proper for you to list many home made references.8.单选题(1.5分)What should you do if you want to show acknowledgment?•A It’s not appropriate to put acknowledgment in the front page.• You can put a separate section of acknowledgment in your paper.•C If you acknowledge Albert Einstein, you should thank him based on the fact.•D The length of acknowledgment should be strictly constrained.9.单选题(1.5分)Generally speaking, what does the proof reading mean?• It means your paper has been scheduled to published in the next issues and you need to return it promptly.•B It means your paper has many problems and you need to return it promptly.•C It means your paper has been published and you need to return it promptly.•D It means your paper has been returned.Which of the following is CORRECT about equations and variables.•A If you clearly know the meaning of a variable, it’s ok that it is not defined.•B It’s ok if the papers are full of equations and variables.• Usually the equations and the symbols only serve as shorthand for presentation.•D You can write the equations in the form you like randomly.11.单选题(1.5分)Which of the following author names may not be the right format of the reference?•A X. Guan, Zhang, S., S. Li, Wu Wang.•B Guan, X, Zhang, S., Li, S., Wang, W.•C Xiaohong Guan, S. Zhang, S. Li, Wang, W.• Guan Xiaohong, Zhang, S., S.Li, W.Wang.12.单选题(1.5分)Which statement is correct to response to reviews?•A "How can you be so stupid?"•B "You don't even understand this."• "Thank you for your advises, it deed help in my work ,but I think…..."•D "What do I mean by this?"Which description of the feature of the review system is CORRECT?•A The author knows the reviewer, but the reviewer doesn’t know the author.• The authors don’t know the reviewer, but the reviewer knows the authors.•C The reviewers know each other.•D The author knows the reviewer, and the reviewer know the author, too.14.单选题(1.5分)For one hour’s talk , about how long should you prepare for it?•A 30 minutes .•B About one hour .•C About two hours• 7.5hours or more15.单选题(1.5分)What is a good presentation?•A Use many beautiful animations, but the content is not fulfilled.•B The topic of your presentation is interesting in your aspect.• The subject of your presentation is welcomed by the audience.•D The words in your slide are of large size to make the audience look clearly.Which statement is correct?• Don't keep the laser pointer on all the time.•B In order to relax ,you can keep your hands in your pocket.•C It is ok that you just read the PPT from the screen.•D Using a monotone delivery and uniform emphasis is also ok.17.单选题(1.5分)Which statement is correct when facing a question that you don’t know the answer?•A Taking lots of time thinking on the stage.•B Saying” I don’t know and you can ask google”.•C Complain the question is not a good question.• Saying “I don't know the answer now, but I can do some little study and answer you offline.”18.单选题(1.5分)Which is NOT the correct statement in the following?•A You can prepare some slides for some expected question.•B You can take the questions in the rehearsal as pre-reviews.• ) You cannot say I don't know even if you don’t have an answer.•D You can offer the approach to finding the answer if necessaryWhich statement is correct?•A It is ok to list many homemade references.• It is ok to list many references that are published recently.•C It is ok to list 3 pages of references if your paper just have 6 pages.•D It is ok to list many references that are 20 or 30 years old.20.单选题(1.5分)What should you do when you present a paper?•A Prepare slides strictly according to the time limit•B Make presentation and answer questions politely•C Read program carefully, locate your session and be aware the time slot for presentation• All the above21.单选题(1.5分)What does “no show ”mean in the video?•A You don’t submit the final paper.• You submit a paper to the conference and you do not show up.•C Don’t show off when you make presentation.•D You don’t do a good presentation.How long should the author usually spend on presenting the paper?•A About 2 or 3 minutes.• About 15 to 20 minutes.•C About an hour.•D About two hours or more.23.单选题(1.5分)When should we meet session chair ?• At author’s breakfast or just before the session•B At poster sessions.•C During other’s presentation.•D Just at any time.24.单选题(1.5分)Which part mainly determine the contributions of the paper?•A Validity or correctness of the method.• Originality or creativity of the concept.•C Clarity of the writing.•D Suitability of the readershipAs an AE, what information should you get after glancing over the paper?•A What the paper about.•B Its potential contributions.•C Who are other leading researchers in the area.• All the above.26.单选题(1.5分)How long should you spend on completing the review?•A One week.•B Two weeks.• Four to six weeks.•D Ten weeks or more.27.单选题(1.5分)What information should you give authors if you want they to revise?•A which parts to cut•B how the paper should be reorganized•C how the paper should be revised.• All the above.What are the tasks of a conference session chair ?•A Meeting the authors either in author's breakfast or just before the session.•B Introducing the authors.•C Controlling the presentation time and follow the schedule.• All the above.29.单选题(1.5分)In some conferences, What do you need to report to the program committee •A How many papers are presented•B Anyone no show•C How the session goes.• All the above.30.单选题(1.5分)Which disciplines contribute to “Quantum Informatics”?•A Information &Transportation.•B Information& biology.•C Information& chemistry.• Information& physicsWhen writing proposals, we should concentrate on the reviewers’ side.•正确•错误32.判断题(1.5分)If you find out there are several authors no show, you can say” Let me combine the session with somebody else, who is unsigned”.•正确•错误33.判断题(1.5分)A paper is usually reviewed by one reviewer.•正确•错误34.判断题(1.5分)To make it easier , you can send emails to all the reviewers simultaneously.•正确•错误35.判断题(1.5分)If you find the paper is really interesting, can you say, "I know the paper have not been published yet, so I can directly use the information?"•正确•错误36.判断题(1.5分)Serving as a reviewer can help you develop the capability of critical reading and providing critic reviews.•正确•错误Validity or correctness of the method .means whether your paper fits this conference or journal.•正确•错误38.判断题(1.5分)Plenary and keynote speeches are very important because it often discusses the future development and research directions.•正确•错误39.判断题(1.5分)In poster sessions, you can just leave the poster at designated area and hang out•正确•错误40.判断题(1.5分)When making a poster, printing out your PPT is also a good choice.•正确•错误41.判断题(1.5分)For your own paper, there is no need to ask for permission from publisher if you want to reuse the graph and picture of this paper.•正确•错误To make it easier, you can just list the one and use “et al” for the other if the reference paper have five authors.•正确•错误43.判断题(1.5分)In order to prepare a good presentation, you can record your talk and then rehearse and practice.•正确•错误44.判断题(1.5分)The pronunciations in slides is not very important so we can slur them.•正确•错误45.判断题(1.5分)In order to enhance performance, you should use slides as many as possible.•正确•错误46.判断题(1.5分)Don’t use too many variables and notations ,or the audience would forget.•正确•错误47.判断题(1.5分)If you use a circle to present something , you also could use it to present another thing in the same talk.•正确•错误If you have much information to show , it is ok to make a slide too crowded.•正确•错误49.判断题(1.5分)To make it easier ,it is ok to copy texts form your thesis to the slide directly.•正确•错误50.判断题(1.5分)The reviewer may wonder whether you understand recent development if you use many references 20/30 years ago.•正确•错误51.多选题(2.5分)In order to write good paper , what should be included in your work ?• Theoretic investigation.• Experiments.• Numerical testing.• Simulation.What information should the title show?• The contribution of the paper.• The unique features.•C The structure of the paper.• The core ideas.53.多选题(2.5分)What should you pay attention to in writing?• Avoiding direct translation.• Writing simple sentences if you are not influent in English.• Using software to do spelling check and grammar check.• Checking the spellings of names in references.54.多选题(2.5分)Which statements are correct ?• Never argue with reviewers and editor.• You should know when to give up for a particular paper worthwhile for no more efforts.• If the paper is rejected, you should make more effort, get more results and add them to the content of the paper, and write the new paper.•D If you decide to give up a particular paper ,you can argue with reviews or editors to show your anger.Which parts does a slide usually conclude?• Title.• Text.• Graphs and tables.• Images.56.多选题(2.5分)What should you do in Q&A?• Answer audiences’ questions politely.•B For simple questions, you can say ”the question is so easy and you should ask google”.• Deflect the answer to the point you want to emphasize for irrelevant questions• Admit and/or offer the approach to finding the answer, or offer answers later if no answer57.多选题(2.5分)Why it is important to share credit?• Because it is the basis for free sharing the idea and respect for the intellectual property right of scholars.• Because there is a harsh punishment for plagiarism.• Because it can help to develop credible intellectual atmosphere.• Because it can protect the right of scholars.Which statements are correct?• You can just participate the sessions you are interested in.•B You must participate all sessions• You should ask question appropriately and make comments politely.• You can choose one or two committee to participate.59.多选题(2.5分)Which parts should be included in rating scales ?• Originality or creativity of the concept.• Validity or correctness of the method.• Clarity of the writing.• Suitability of the readership60.多选题(2.5分)Which disciplines are included in “Micro sensor and wireless sensor networks”?●Biology.●Mechanical engineering●Information.●Physics & chemistry.。

期末作业大论文(最终版)

题目浅谈个性化医疗专业：临床学院摘要：个性化医疗指以个人基因组信息为基础，结合蛋白质组，代谢组等相关内环境信息，为病人量身设计出最佳的治疗方案，在这个信息数字化时代，有着大数据等医疗信息技术的支持，这个之前还被人们称之为“未来技术”的医疗系统正在逐渐向人们揭开它的神秘面纱，也开始日渐让人们感受到它和我们的紧密联系。

关键词：个性化医疗，医学信息，大数据，个性化医疗与信息技术的结合正文：在如今的医疗界，最大的热门莫过于个性化医疗了，个性化医疗和信息技术的作用在这些年正在受到人们越来越多的关注。

收找我们先来了解一下个性化医疗的概念。

个性化医疗是指以个人基因组信息为基础，结合蛋白质组，代谢组等相关内环境信息，为病人量身设计出最佳治疗方案，以期达到治疗效果最大化和副作用最小化的一门定制医疗模式。

对比于传统医疗的以病人的临床症状和体征，结合性别、年龄、身高、体重、家族疾病史，实验室和影像学评估等数据确定药物和使用剂量、剂型。

个性化医疗在此基础之上，需要更加多的信息支持，通过对属于病人的各种数据的综合分析，长期跟踪记录，来最终为病人寻求和制定独一无二的“私人订制”医疗方案。

目前在医疗界适合运用个性化医疗的主要有以下几个例子，首先是药物基因组学，其目的是为了为病人提供准确的药物剂量，以此来提高药物的安全性，其次是肿瘤学，由于涉及到个人的基因组数据以及环境数据，因此人们能够更加轻松的利用这些数据来测算出自己患癌的几率，或是以此来对癌症进行追踪，了解肿瘤发生的病程，并且探求最有效的治疗方案。

最后是癌症遗传学，与之前的肿瘤学类似，我们都知道肿瘤亦或是癌症等疾病都有遗传的可能性，因此通过数据的分析可以了解癌症的风险，也为医护工作者为病人提供更加精确的癌症风险评估提供技术支持。

从长远角度看，个性化医疗通过更精确的诊断，预测潜在疾病的风险，提供更有效、更有针对性的治疗，预防某种疾病的发生，比“治有病”更节约治疗成本。

这也是目前个性化医疗火爆异常的主要原因，各大医药公司纷纷将目标放在了个性化医疗上。

科技论文写作大作业

北京航空航天大学Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics激光冲击强化处理质量检测李晨①①北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院, ZY1307229;*E-mail: stevenlee1991@摘要激光冲击强化处理技术是目前提高航空发动机叶片的疲劳寿命的一种新技术。

但是，到目前为止，从公开的资料来看，只有美国将这项技术运用于实际。

其中影响技术推广的主要原因之一就是没有可靠的准确的实时检测技术。

当前国内的检测的方法并不多，主要是靠直观判别。

以经验来进行检测，效率很低而且没有精度保证。

国内对于航空发动机叶片固有频率的测量主要是通过共振法。

由于受到各种影响，实际精度较低。

另外还需要逐步改变激振力来寻找共振频率，难以实现在线检测。

研究表明，残余压应力也是LSP的一个重要指标。

零件内部有残余应力时，零件的固有频率和阻尼会发生变化，即可以采用对其固有频率的测量来实现。

由于当前的检测中出现的各种问题，一种实时的检测系统的开发，对于激光冲击强化处理工艺在工业中的应用具有重要意义。

关键词冲击强化残余应力发动机叶片实时检测半个世纪以前，很多实验表明大量弹丸在压缩空气的推动时，会形成高速弹丸不断喷向零件，因而改变材料的各种机械和物理性能，即喷丸强化。

之后随着技术的更新和发展，开始采用激光发生器，发射激光从而诱导并缠身的高幅冲击波来改善金属材料的表面特性，即激光冲击强化处理技术（LSP）。

激光冲击强化技术（LSP）是利用强激光束产生的等离子冲击波，作用在工件上，可以提高金属材料的抗疲劳、抗磨损和抗腐蚀等性能的高新技术。

它生产出来的工件具有非接触、可控性强等特点。

另外加工的过程中需要涂层，涂层主要是用来保护工件不被激光灼伤，而且可以增强工件对激光能量的吸收，目前常用的材料主要有黑漆和铝箔等。

约束层的作用除了能约束等离子体的膨胀，还能提高冲击波的峰值压力，又能通过对冲击波的反射延长作用时间，目前常用的约束层为流水，K9玻璃等材料。

2024年实用的科学小论文作文锦集7篇

2024年实用的科学小论文作文锦集7篇科学小论文作文篇1暑假的一天，我在家写作业，一不小心把钢笔里的墨水溅到本子上了。

我忙伸手拿纸，想擦干净，却发现纸篓里的纸快用完了，只有两三张在纸篓底下，拿的时候手必须使劲向下伸，才能拿到。

既费时又费力，十分不方便。

我不禁想：有没有什么办法能解决这个问题呢？我想了半天也没想出什么好办法。

突然，客厅里的脚踏式垃圾筒提醒了我，对呀！只要把纸篓底下弄一个托，打开纸篓时就将纸托起来，关上时纸托就降下去，这样不就解决了这个问题了吗！说干就干！我先找了个差不多大的盒子，然后把盒子上的盖子剪下来，加工成似老式窗户一样的左右匀称的两半，放在一旁备用。

然后找来一个保鲜膜（塑料袋也可），把保鲜膜剪成与盒子等宽的长方形，长度要比盒子长10--15厘米。

再把先剪好的两片盖子粘在盒子上，用胶纸固定，但不要太紧，使盒盖能轻松的打开。

假如太紧也没关系，可以在盒盖上分别粘两块吸铁石，再在盒子两侧的相同位置上粘两块吸铁石，就OK了。

最后把保鲜膜的两端与盒子两端对齐，粘住。

要注意的是，不要全粘在盒盖上，只把保鲜膜的两端粘在盒子最外端就行了。

其实这个方法不止可以用在装卫生纸上，一些小的饰品拉，儿童拼图拉，工艺纸拉，蜡笔拉，药品拉等等都可以装在这样的盒子里。

在这里我还要提醒大家，因为保鲜膜太薄，因此太重或带尖的物品要用比较硬的塑料袋，延长使用寿命。

科技就是这样，只要你善于留心周围，那就会有源源不断的科技发明在你的脑海里闪光！科学小论文作文篇2在大千世界里，隐藏许多问题和玄机，有一些很平常，有一些却非常奇特。

我也曾遇到过一些奇特的东西。

记得那天妈妈从花鸟市场买回来一盆名叫含羞草的花，只见它的枝干细细的，叶子远看是连成一片的.，其实是由许多更小的叶片组成的。

看它那俏皮的样子我忍不住伸手去摸摸它，谁知刚一碰到它，它的叶子就紧紧地闭了，过一会它就又慢慢张开了。

这可真好玩啊！玩玩，我不禁好奇起来，它为什么会有这种反应呢？于是我上网查了一下关于含羞草的资料。

科技论文写作大作业范文精选1

科技论文写作大作业范文精选1今天，人类所有的令人惊叹不已的技术成就，无不是建立早年科学家们对身边锁事进行观察并研究的基础之上，在学习中，我们要树立科学意识，大处着眼，小处着手。

在物理学方面不断进步。

我最喜欢看其中的《来到了跳跳国》、《咔嗒，咔嗒，粘住了》和《大象也可以被举起来》，它以讲故事的方式向我们讲述科学知识，语句充满童真，讲的是发生在我们日常生活中的物理知识，很生动，将我们牢牢吸引。

文中的主人公是与我们一般大的孩子，读完以后，我们会发现原来文中的“她”也会问这个问题呀？这个问题一点也不傻？原来答案是这样的！太神奇了！飞机是怎么飞起来的？天空中为什么有彩虹？船为什么能在水中浮起来？……这些问题的答案就在这套丛书里，快翻开这套丛书找一找答案，看一看里面的内容吧！夏秋天经常有苍蝇爬到食物和碗筷上，严重影响饮食卫生，吃了这些带细菌的食物，人们常常会生病。

为了消灭苍蝇，经常用苍蝇拍打苍蝇，这样家里的苍蝇逐渐减少。

但是打过一阵苍蝇后，在桌上和白墙壁上到处留下许多苍蝇内脏的污点，非常难看，也不卫生。

去年我们参加科技活动小组，辅导老师组织我们开展小发明活动，鼓励我们动脑筋找小发明课题，想办法解决课题中的难题。

我们将上述问题带到科技小组一起讨论，在老师的引导下，我们你一言，我一语讨论解决这个难题的方案。

我们想了几种办法，最后大家一致认为在苍蝇拍加几排小点，点的高度比苍蝇的大小矮一点。

这样打苍蝇时，苍蝇被打了，而桌面和墙壁上不会留下讨厌的污点，效果很好，受到老师和家长的称赞。

这项发明将普通苍蝇拍加几排小点（用万能胶滴胶），就解决了普通苍蝇拍拍打苍蝇时留下污点的难题，这是这项发明的创造性贡献。

由于它打苍蝇不留污点，所以我们给这项发明命名为“无污苍蝇拍”，我们建议塑料厂今后生产这种无污苍蝇拍。

今天，我回到家里，做起了作业，做的时候，一个题目吸引了我的眼球，水结冰后增加了十一分之一的体积，那么冰化成水减少了几分之几的体积？我的心中不禁涌起了一个大大的问号：为什么水结成冰会增加它的体积呢？假如一杯水有一升，结冰之后还是一升啊？我百思不得其解，苦着脸呆坐在那里，妈妈一下就看出了我的苦恼，说：“你怎么不自己做实验呢？”“对呀！”说完，我便开始行动：我拿出了一个高为15厘米的杯子，按题目放了11厘米的水变放进冰箱，我在外面焦急的等待着。

辽宁工大电气自动化科技论文写作期末答案

一、填空题：1、该生系我校XX系XX专业XX级学员，……2、获悉贵公司成立，谨表贺忱。

3、为了贯彻落实《XX省教委……意见》（X教发〔1999〕65号）文件精神，经我委研究决定，……4、为了吸取教训，XX省人民政府决定将这起特大交通事故向全省通报。

各级人民政府和各有关部门要以此为鉴，切实抓好安全生产工作，为此，省人民政府提出如下要求……5、XX省人民政府：贵省2003年X月XX日《关于……的请示》收悉。

6、XX大学校长办公室：兹因我院学生宿舍紧张，特向贵校联系30名男生住宿事宜。

据悉，贵校学生宿舍尚宽余，恳切希望予以大力支持与帮助。

恳请函复。

7、根据《中华人民共和国宪法》赋予中国人民解放军的使命，依照《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》的有关规定……8、国务院同意国家旅游局《关于……管理意见》，现转发给予你们，请贯彻执行。

9、下行文指具有隶属关系的上级机关发给下级机关的公文。

10、发文字号由机关代字、年份、序号组成。

11、公文标题中的事由多以“关于”的介词结构形式出现的。

12、主送机关是指公文主要受理机关，即负责主办或答复行文的机关。

13、主题词是公文检索标识，一般由名词或名词性词组组成，以3个至5个为宜。

14、公文的办理分为发文和收文两个程序。

15、请示应一文一事，不能一文数事；一般只写一个主送机关，需要同时送其他机关的，应当用抄送形式。

16、报告中不可写请求事项。

一般不能越级请示和报告。

17、函适用于不相隶属机关之间商洽工作，询问和答复问题，向有关主管部门请求批准和答复审批事项。

18、行政公文分为上行文、平行文、下行文三种。

19、公文按缓急程度可划分为：特急、急件、一般文件三类。

20、公文按保密级别可划分为：绝密、机密和秘密三类。

21、发文机关标识也叫文件名，一般由发文机关全称或规范化简称后加“文件”组成。

22、行政公文种类共有13种。

23、行政公文的标题完整形式由发文机关名称、事由和文种三个要素构成。

科技论文写作期末作业

科技论文写作期末作业科技论文写作期末作业摘要：不知不觉，为期10周的科技论文写作课程结束了。

孔子曰：温故而知新。

是啊，只有通过不断的总结，才能及时将所学知识整合到已经掌握的知识体系里，使其真正成为自己所掌握的知识。

正是基于这种理念，作者从词汇、语法、专业知识以及在科技论文阅读和写作的技巧四个层面对这10周所学知识进行总结，以期达到有所收获的目标。

1.论文写作方面的收获1.1概述在这10周里，教员系统并详细的对科技论文的各个部分的结构及其作用进行了讲解和分析。

现将收获总结如下。

1.1.1 写科技论文的步骤1）Choose a topic。

选定题目；2）Gather information。

搜集信息；3）make an outline. 列提纲；4）Write the paper. 开始写论文。

1.1.2 题目的作用1）Generalizing the text; 总结全文；2）Attract the reader; 吸引读者；3）Facilitating the retrieval; 使文章容易被检索。

注意事项：科技论文的题目应该符合ABC原则；A is Accuracy, B is Brevity, C is Clarity. 也即准确，简洁，清楚。

在科技论文写作时，论文的题目可以：以目的为主，以对象为主，以方法为主，以结果为主，以论点为主。

为了表示强调，论文的题目可以全部大写；或者首字母大写。

但是对于单词长度小于3-4字母的单词，则应小写。

1.1.3 摘要的作用摘要是作者用简练的语言将文章的内容进行了总结。

因此在读科技论文时，应该先读摘要来确定文章是不是自己所需要的。

这样会避免浪费时间。

摘要的结构：一般摘要有三大部分，topic sentence，supporting sentence，conclusion sentence. T opic sentence的作用是挑明文章的主题，作者往往在这个句子中讲明在此文中作者的主要工作。

科技论文写作期末试题及答案

科技论文写作期末试题及答案科技论文是科学研究的重要成果之一，也是学术交流的重要方式。

为了帮助学生更好地掌握科技论文的写作技巧，提高科技论文写作能力，以下是一道科技论文写作期末试题及答案。

试题：请按照科技论文的格式，撰写一篇题为“人工智能在医疗领域中的应用”的论文，要求如下：1. 引言部分：介绍人工智能和医疗领域的背景，阐述人工智能在医疗中的重要性。

2. 主体部分：选择两个医疗领域的应用案例，分别描述其具体应用方式，并分析其带来的好处和挑战。

3. 结论部分：总结人工智能在医疗领域中的应用，展望未来的发展方向。

答案：人工智能在医疗领域中的应用引言随着人工智能技术的不断发展，其在医疗领域中的应用越来越广泛。

人工智能作为一种模拟人类智能的技术，具有强大的数据分析和判别能力，可以帮助医生做出更准确的诊断和治疗决策。

在当前医疗资源紧张，医疗技术难以全面提升的情况下，人工智能的应用为医疗行业带来了新的希望和机遇。

主体1. 人工智能在影像诊断中的应用随着医疗设备的不断普及，医生在面对庞大的医学影像数据时难以快速准确地做出诊断。

而人工智能可以通过对大量医学影像数据的学习和比对，提供辅助诊断的功能。

例如，深度学习技术可以通过对脑部MRI影像的分析，帮助医生准确识别出脑肿瘤的位置和类型，提供更精准的手术规划和治疗方案。

此外，人工智能还可以通过对肺部CT影像的分析，帮助医生筛查肺癌等疾病，提高早期发现率。

人工智能在影像诊断中的应用不仅可以减轻医生的工作负担，还可以提高诊断的准确性。

然而，人工智能在影像诊断中的应用依然面临一些挑战。

首先，医疗影像数据的质量和数量受限，可能导致人工智能模型的准确性受到影响。

其次，由于医学影像数据的隐私性和保密性，人工智能模型的开发和应用需要满足严格的隐私保护要求。

2. 人工智能在个体化治疗中的应用在传统医学模式中，治疗方案往往是泛化的，很难根据个体患者的具体情况进行精准的治疗。

而人工智能可以通过对患者的大数据分析，提供个体化的治疗方案。

英文科技论文写作_北京理工大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

英文科技论文写作_北京理工大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.If a real physical system shows a variation of both material properties acrossthe graded layer, the assumed linear variation may not give the bestapproximation.答案:may2.The idea of 'community' in terms of GRT lives is very strong and could beseen to correspond to some of the nostalgic constructs that non-GRT groups place on 'community'.答案:could be seen3.Is the research topic “How safe is nuclear power” effective?答案:正确4.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.c.Introductionincludes more detailed information than abstract.答案:正确5.Tertiary education may be ________ asthe period of study which is spent atuniversity.答案:defined6.Unbalanced Force ________ tothe sum total or net force exerted on an object.答案:refers7.This scatter can be attributed to the difficulties in measuring the dent depthdue to specimen processing.答案:can be attributed8.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the following sentence.Arocket traveling away from Earth ____________ a speed greater than 11.186kilometers per second (6.95 miles per second) or 40,270 kilometers per hour (25,023 mph) will eventually escape Earth’s gravity.答案:at9.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the following sentence.Inmechanical systems, power, the rate of doing work, can be computed____________ the product of force × velocity.答案:as10.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.N ewton’s first law, the law of inertia, __________ that it takes a force to change the motion of an object.答案:states11.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.Newton’s second law relates force, acceleration, and mass and it is often ___________ as the equation:f = ma答案:written12.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.Because all types of energy can be expressed ___________ the sameunits, joules, this conversion can be expressed quantitatively in simplemodels.答案:in13.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.So a key difference between a rocket and a jet plane is ____________ a rocket’s engine lifts it directly upward into the sky, whereas a jet’s engin es simply speed the plane forward so its wings can generate lift.答案:that14.Which of the following are the guidelines for writing formulas and equations?答案:Numbering all equations in sequence if referred to later._Centeringequations on their own separate lines._Using equations as grammatical units in sentences._Defining the symbols that are used.15.Acceleration relates to motion. It ________ a change in motion.答案:means16.Assertiveness is ________ asa skill of being able to stand up for your own orother people's rights in a calm and positive way, without being eitheraggressive, or passively accepting 'wrong'.答案:viewed17.The force that pushes a rocket upward is ________ thrust.答案:called18.Water ________ a liquid made up of molecules of hydrogen and oxygen in theratio of 2 to 1.答案:is19.The number of private cars increased ______60% from 2015 to 2016.答案:by20.Which can be the situations for writing a researchproposal?答案:Applying for an opportunity for a project_Applying for a bachelor’s, or master’s or doctor’s degree_Applying for some research funds or grants21.Who are usually the readers of the research proposals?答案:Specialists_Professors_Supervisors for the students_Professionals22.What are the elements to make the research proposal persuasive?答案:Reasonable budget_Clear Schedule_A Capable research team_Theimportance and necessity of the research question23.What are the language features of the research proposal?答案:Future tense_First person24.The purpose of writing a proposal is to ________________ the readers that theresearch plan is feasible and we are capable to do it.答案:persuade25.What types of information are generally supposed to be included in theintroduction section in the report?答案:Background_Summary of the results and conclusion_The purpose of the research26.Please decide whether the following statement is T(true) orF(false)according to the video.Discussion section analyzesand evaluates the research methods.答案:错误27.Please decide whether the following statement is T(true) orF(false)according to the video.Conclusion and recommendation sectionstates the significance of the findings and usually includes possible directions for further research.答案:正确28.These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, ______ Europehaving as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.答案:with29.Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas gas will remainstable ______ 25q.答案:at30.Manufacturing value added amounted ______12.3% of total U.S. grossdomestic product (GDP) in 2012, according to United Nations calculations.答案:to31.Chinese manufacturing value added accounted ______ 30.6% of its economy’stotal output in 2012, according to the UN.答案:for32.Japan ranked third ______ manufacturing value added at $1.1 trillion (seeFigure 1).答案:in33.About 4.2% of the 1,120 respondents were younger than 20 years, and 26.7%were ______ 21 and 30 years old.答案:between34.______ all the respondents, 67.1% were married and 32.9% were single.答案:of35.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.b.Both introductionand abstract include research findings.答案:错误36.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.a.It is possible to findtables or diagrams in introduction.答案:正确37.What are the possible contents of an introduction?答案:Reviewing the existing literature relevant to the presentstudy_Announcing the purpose/focus of the study_Identifying a gap in the existing literature_Explaining the significance or necessity of the research38.Choose the proper answers for the following questions.Ways to organize thereferences include:答案:a. Chronological order of publications_b. Researchmethods_c. Research theories_d. Research modes39.This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining fluid density from soundspeed measurements and suggests that it is possible to measure soundabsorption with an ultrasonic cell to determine oil viscosity.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Implication40.The measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of thebubble point of the oil.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Results and achievement41.An ultrasonic cell was constructed to measure the speed of sound and testedin a crude oil sample. The speed of sound was measured at temperaturesbetween 260 and 411 K at pressures up to 75 MPs.In this sentence, thewriter presents答案:Methodology42.The aim of this study was to investigate the use of an ultrasonic cell todetermine crude oil properties, in particular oil density.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Research aim43. A citation gives the s____ where the information or idea is from.答案:source44.An in-text citation usually includes information about the author and thep____ year.答案:publishing##%_YZPRLFH_%##publication45.To avoid plagiarism, using citations is the best way to give c____ to theoriginal author.答案:credit46.The publication details of the references listed at the end of the paper usuallyare put in a____ order.答案:alphabetical##%_YZPRLFH_%##alphabetic##%_YZPRLFH_%##alphab et47.The speed of sound in a fluid is determined by, and therefore an indicator of,the thermodynamic properties of that fluid.In this sentence, the writerpresents答案:Background factual information48.Citations are not necessary if the source is not clear.答案:错误49.Unintentional plagiarism can be excused.答案:错误50.Citing will make our writing less original.答案:错误51.Citing can effectively stress the originality of someone’s work.答案:正确52.As for the purposes of a literature review, which one is not included?答案:predicting the trend in relation to a central research question orhypothesis53. A literature review could be possibly presented as a/an ______.答案:all of the above54.The heading “Brief review of literature: drawing a timeline from 2005 to2017” shows the literature review is arranged in ______ order.答案:chronological55.About writing a literature review, which of the following statements is notcorrect?答案:To show respect to others’ work, our own interpretations should not be included.56.In terms of the writing feature, a research paper resembles a/an______.答案:argumentation57.Each citation can only have one particular citing purpose.答案:错误pared with in-text citations, the end-of-text references are more detailed.答案:正确59.In-text citations provide the abbreviation of an author’s given/first namerather than family/last name.答案:错误60.When the Chinese writers’ ideas are cited, the first names in Pinyin will begiven in in-text citations.答案:错误61.When a process is described, _____________ are usually used to show the orderof the stages or steps.答案:sequencers62.To help the reader better understand a complicated process, _____________ is(are) very often used.答案:visual aids63.What information is usually included when defining a process?答案:Equipment._Product_Material64.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.Researchers arerequired to use past tense when describing a process.答案:错误65.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.A definition of theprocess is very often given first when a process is described.答案:正确66.Escherichia coli, when found in conjunction with urethritis, often indicateinfection higher in the uro-genital tract.答案:正确67.The 'management' of danger is also not the sort of language to appear withinpolicy documents that refer to GRT children, which reflects systematicfailures in schools.错误68.Conceivably, different forms, changing at different rates and showingcontrasting combinations of characteristics, were present in different areas.答案:正确69.Viewing a movie in which alcohol is portrayed appears to lead to higher totalalcohol consumption of young people while watching the movie.答案:正确70.Furthermore, this proves that humans are wired to imitate.答案:错误71.One possibility is that generalized latent inhibition is likely to be weaker thanthat produced by pre-exposure to the CS itself and thus is more likely to be susceptible to the effect of the long interval.答案:正确72.It is unquestionable that our survey proved that the portrayal of alcohol anddrinking characters in movies directly leads to more alcohol consumption in young adult male viewers when alcohol is available within the situation.错误73.Implications of these findings may be that, if moderation of alcoholconsumption in certain groups is strived for, it may be sensible to cut down on the portrayal of alcohol in programmes aimed at these groups and thecommercials shown in between.答案:正确74.This effect might occur regardless of whether it concerns a real-lifeinteraction.答案:正确75.It definitely proves that a movie in which a lot of partying is involved triggersa social process between two participants that affects total drinking amounts.答案:错误76.It is believed that alcohol related health problems are on the rise.答案:believed77.Drinking to excess, or 'binge drinking' is often the cause of inappropriatebehaviour amongst teenagers.often78.It seems as though the experiment conducted simply confirms suspicionsheld by the academic and medical professions.答案:seems79.However, attrition was greatest among the heaviest drinking segment of thesample, suggesting under-estimation in the findings, and although the study provided associational, prospective evidence on alcohol advertising effects on youth drinking, it addressed limitations of other research, particularly the unreliability of exposure measures based on self-reporting (Synder andSlater, 2006).答案:suggesting80.These differences may be due to the fact participants reporting higherconsumption levels were primed to overrate their weekly drinking by the condition they were in.答案:may81.The crack tends to grow into the more brittle material and then stay in there,whether the initial crack tip lies in the graded material or in the more ductile material (and thereafter advances across the graded layer.答案:tends82.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Light smokingseems to have dramatic effects on cardiovascular disease.答案:正确83.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.The impact ofthe UK’s ageing population will lead to increased welfare costs. Definitely,this will result in higher taxes and an increased retirement age for younger people.答案:错误84.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Althoughduration of smoking is also important when considering risk, it is highlycorrelated with age, which itself is a risk factor, so separating their effectscan be difficult.答案:正确85.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.All these factstaken together point toward the likely presence of calcium carbonate in the soils that Phoenix has analyzed.答案:正确86.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Because thesefeatures are carved into the Tharsis Plateau, they must have an intermediate age.答案:错误87.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.They appearto be covered with multiple layers of volcanic flows and sedimentary debris that originated in the south.答案:正确88.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Steven M.Clifford of the Lunar and Planetary Science Institute in Houston, amongothers, has conjectured that melting under a glacier or a thick layer ofpermafrost could also have recharged subterranean water sources.答案:正确89.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Earlier thisyear Philip Christensen of Arizona State University discovered gullies that clearly emerge from underneath a bank of snow and ice.答案:错误90.Put the following expressions in the proper place of the Discussion.A. Thesedata suggestB. In this study, we demonstrate C. it is critical to emphasizeD.additional research will be requiredE. we were unable todetermineDiscussionIndividuals who recover from certain viral infections typically develop virus-specific antibody responses that provide robustprotective immunity against re-exposure, but some viruses do not generate protective natural immunity, such as HIV-1. Human challenge studies for the common cold coronavirus 229E have suggested that there may be partialnatural immunity. However, there is currently no data whether humans who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection are protected from re-exposure.This is a critical issue with profound implications for vaccine development, public health strategies, antibody-based therapeutics, and epidemiologicmodeling of herd immunity. _____1_______ that SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesusmacaques provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge.We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection thatrecapitulates many aspects of human SARS-CoV-2 infection, including high levels of viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and clear pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. Histopathology,immunohistochemistry, RNAscope, and CyCIF imaging demonstratedmultifocal clusters of virus infected cells in areas of acute inflammation, with evidence for virus infection of alveolar pneumocytes and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. ______2_______ the utility of rhesus macaques as a model forSARS-CoV-2 infection for testing vaccines and therapeutics and for studying immunopathogenesis. However, neither nonhuman primate model led torespiratory failure or mortality, and thus further research will be required to develop a nonhuman primate model of severe COVID-19 disease.SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques led to humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protection against rechallenge. Residual low levels ofsubgenomic mRNA in nasal swabs in a subset of animals and anamnesticimmune responses in all animals following SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge suggest that protection was mediated by immunologic control and likely was notsterilizing.Given the near-complete protection in all animals following SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge, ______3_______ immune correlates of protection in thisstudy. SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus monkeys resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibody titers of approximately 100 by both a pseudovirusneutralization assay and a live virus neutralization assay, but the relativeimportance of neutralizing antibodies, other functional antibodies, cellular immunity, and innate immunity to protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2remains to be determined. Moreover, ______4_______ to define the durability of natural immunity.In summary, SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaquesinduced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protectiveefficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2infection may in fact be possible. However,______5_______ that there areimportant differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques andhumans, with many parameters still yet to be defined in both species, andthus our data should be interpreted cautiously. Rigorous clinical studies will be required to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure in humans.答案:BAEDC91.Rearrange the order of the following sentences to make a coherent andmeaningful abstract.1.These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against otherstrains. Three immunizations using two different doses, 3 or 6 micrograms per dose, provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependentenhancement of infection.2.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. Because of the novelty of the virus, there are currently no SARS-CoV-2–specifictreatments or vaccines available.3.Therefore, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed.4.Here, we developed apilot-scale production of PiCoVacc, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate, which induced SARS-CoV-2–specific neutralizingantibodies in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates.5.These data support the clinical development and testing of PiCoVacc for use in humans.答案:2341592.It seems likely that the details of the predictions depend on the assumedvariations of the toughness parameter and the yield stress.答案:It seems likely that93.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.5. __________答案:F94.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.4. __________答案:D95.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.3. __________答案:H96.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.2. __________答案:C97.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.1. __________答案:E98.It is rare to offer recommendations forfuture researchin Conclusion section.。

科技论文写作-期末模板

结合Abstract&introduction组织结构图和作业，阐释科技论文写作中IMRD结构中Abstract和Introduction的异同。

（20分）答：首先，要比较IMRD结构中Abstract和Introduction的异同，必须了解Abstract 和Introduction的各自的结构和相对应的内容。

典型的Abstract和Introduction组织结构图如图1和图2所示。

图1. 典型Abstract组织结构图2. 典型Introduction组织结构然后，通过对比分析图1和图2可以发现，Abstract和Introduction在内容上的共同点有：（1）Abstract 1.1部分的内容是介绍研究领域及其重要性，该部分与Introduction中的1.1和1.2部分对应，都是介绍研究领域及其研究意义。

（2）Abstract 1.2部分的内容是指出现有研究的不足之处，意在为本论文的研究意义做铺垫，该部分与Introduction 2部分的内容相对应，都是指出目前研究缺漏和不足之处，表明对研究领域成果的完善，为研究内容的意义作铺垫。

（3）Abstract 1.3部分的内容，要求介绍研究目的和成果，对应于Introduction 3.1部分的内容，要求介绍作者当下已经完成的研究工作。

（4）Abstract 3.1部分的内容，要求作者对研究成果进行强调，该部分与Introduction3.1部分的内容相重叠，都需要对研究成果进行阐述。

其次，通过比较，发现Abstract和Introduction在内容和结构上的不同点有：（1）对于共同点（1）而言，Introduction中的1.1和1.2部分要求必须介绍研究领域和研究的重要性，是必写的；而在Abstract则是可选写或者不写。

也就是说，Introduction部分更强调对研究领域和其重要性进行详细的阐述。

（2）对于共同点（2）而言，主要是指出现有研究的不足之处。

科技论文写作期末试题

科技论文试题‎（考查）姓名：______‎____ 学院（系）：______‎______‎___ 班级：______‎____ 学号：______‎____ 成绩：______‎______‎_一、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1、为什么说技术‎需要“社会协作”？技术是为某一‎目的共同协作‎组成的各种工‎具和规则体系‎。

会多种条件的‎制约。

这诸多的社会因素直接影响技术‎的成败和发展‎进程。

技术的实现需‎要通过社会协‎作，得到社会支持，并受到社直接‎影响技术的成‎败和发展进程‎2、撰写科技论文‎能锻炼我们的‎什么？⏹①著作权拥有的‎声明。

署名本身即向‎社会声明，作者对该作品‎拥有了著作权‎，任何个人和单‎位不能侵犯。

⏹②署名表示文责‎自负的承诺。

⏹③署名便于读者‎同作者联系。

⏹提及经费资助‎的来源，在工作中给过‎帮助的人，或撰写报告时‎给予帮助的人‎⏹分别依贡献大‎小加以说明，礼貌表现对被‎感谢人可以冠‎以专业技术职‎务（职称）3、科技论文怎样‎做到“论证有力”？4、科技论文中署‎名和致谢的目‎的是什么？二、根据以下题目‎，请写出应有的‎关键词（每题5分，共20分）1、如何看待现阶‎段劳动报酬的‎差别——也谈按劳分配‎中的资产阶级‎权利关键词：劳动报酬, 差别, 按劳分配, 资产阶级权利‎2、开发蛋白质资‎源，提高蛋白质利‎用效率——探讨解决吃饭‎问题的一种发‎展战略等关键词：蛋白质资源, 吃饭问题3、《云南水文水资‎源信息自动监‎测系统关键技‎术研究》一文：关键词：水文水资源信‎息自动监测关键技术4、《云南省水环境‎状况及问题分‎析》一文：关键词：水环境水污染水质变化影响分析云南三、阅读这篇小科‎技论文，概括其摘要和‎关键词（30分）水面上的硬币‎在研究物体的‎浮沉条件时，有个同学无意‎中发现了一个‎有趣的现象：把一塑料尺子竖放(或侧放)在水面时，发现尺子迅速‎下沉了；而当他把尺子‎平放在水面时‎，即可发现尺子‎漂在水面上。

慕课《如何写好科研论文》期末考试题及答案

慕课《如何写好科研论⽂》期末考试题及答案多选1. 论⽂写作前的积累包括哪些√ 实验细节√ Idea√ 专业知识√ 讲座2. 学术论⽂质量标准包括√ 形式标准√ 内容标准3. 和学术期刊打交道的最⼤好处是√ 编辑部聘请的审稿⼈的专业意见√ 编辑部提出的技术⽅⾯的建议4. 什么情况下，应果断放弃⼀些题⽬√ 已经有很多研究成果，⽽你不能在别⼈基础上提出新的看法√ 选题过难或过⼤，你啃不动√ 尽管问题很好，但⽆法找到⾜以⽀撑论⽂的相关材料5. ⼀般研究成果包括√ ⼀般论⽂√ 短⽂、段通讯√ 综述6. 什么情况下可以发表你的成果√ 研究有原创性√ 对既有研究有提升√ 对某领域有独特领悟的总结7. 编辑认为好的学术论⽂应具备的条件√ 学术功底√ 研究（写作）技巧8. 研究⽣阶段学习和科研（论⽂作业）结合的好处√ 节约时间√ 可以得到⽼师的真正指导√ 积累写作经验9. 什么叫精读了⼀篇论⽂√ ⾄少读5遍以上√ ⾃⼰完成所有推导√ 复现所有仿真10. 研究⽣读书计划应包括√ 专业读书计划√ 研究⽅向读书计划√ 学位论⽂读书计划11. 怎样写出⾼⽔平的学术⽂章√ 多读书√ 培养学术兴趣√ 选⼀位好⽼师做指导√ 学会拉论⽂框架12. 规范、严谨的英⽂写作包括√ 简洁的表达√ 语法√ 逻辑严谨√ 润⾊⽂章13. 利益冲突包括√ 财务关系冲突√ 职业冲突√ 机构冲突√ 个⼈信仰冲突14. 什么样的论⽂需要精读√ 经典√ 开创性√ 引⽤⾼15. 评价学术论⽂原创的标准有√ 提出了独⾃的理论系统√ 提出了独有的理论概念√ 提出了独特的理论观点√ 提出了独创的理论⽅法16. 在数字时代论⽂写作中变得更为重要的部分是√ 关键字√ 摘要17. 如何培养科研兴趣√ 本⾝就热爱√ 做成后产⽣18. 研究⽣阶段的学习更多注重√ 眼学√ ⼼学19. 学术不端⾏为包括√ 伪造数据√ 篡改数据√ 剽窃20. 找到值得研究的问题的⽅法包括√ 在课程学习过程中找√ 读书中发现问题√ 写综述√ 研究⽣论坛及学术会议征稿单选21. 选择导师的最重要标准是√ 适合22. 研究⽣阶段最重要的是√ 转变学习观念和学习⽅式23. 《读书的⽅法》的作者是√ 张五常24. ⾯对审稿⼈的质疑应该如何应对√ 婉转回复25. 《研究⽣学术⼊门⼿册》提到：给⼤学⽣√ 常识26. 《研究⽣学术⼊门⼿册》的作者是√ 葛兆光27. 如何选择⾃⼰的科研领域√ 兴趣28. 学术论⽂内容标准的核⼼是√ 创新29. 初写论⽂最为苦恼的⼀个问题是√ 找题⽬30. 每个⽉精读⼏篇⽂章已经算是很厉害了√ 2~3篇31. 研究⽣阶段科研能⼒训练的最有效⽅法√ 边学习，边科研（论⽂作业）32. 论⽂中⼤部分应使⽤什么语态√ 主动语态33. 当描述已知的事实和假设时，应使⽤什么时态√ 现在时34. 当描述进⾏过的实验及其结果时，应使⽤什么时态√ 过去时35. Elsevier的前⾝在何时成⽴√ 16世纪36. 论⽂中最应该避免的语⾔错误是√ 拼写错误37. 同⾏评议制度最早产⽣于√ 17世纪中叶判断38. 论⽂翻译后再出版在有些情况下是可以的是39. 可以将同⼀项研究分成⼏篇论⽂发表否40. 通讯作者必须是第⼀作者否41. 摘要在索引⼯具中可以免费获得是42. 对于意外的结果应该隐藏否43. ⽂章中对于副词的使⽤没有什么特别限制否44. 论⽂被拒后直接转投是可以接受的否45. 审稿⼈会有⼀定的收⼊作为报酬否46. 研究过程可以间断否47. 对于研究中不想表达的数据可以隐藏否48. isn’t won’t 这样的⽤词在⽂章中没问题的错误49. 科技论⽂中可以经常出现长难句，以体现⽂章表达的精准性否50. ⼀稿多投是可以的否。

英文科技论文写作与学术报告期末答案

• 1. When writing proposals, we should concentrate on the reviewers’ preferences.（1分） B正确错误•多选2. Which are included in the biographical sketches?（1分）ABCKey investigators in the cational background.Academic duties.Currentstatus (literature reviews).•多选3. Which are included in the progress report?（1分）ABCDBackground information: A description of current status: results, methodologies,Conclusions.Achievements so far.•多选4. Which are included in the contents of a proposal?（1分）ABCDProject descriptions.References cited.Biographical sketches .Budget.•单选5. Which are concluded in current achievements related to the proposed project?（1分） DRelated projects completed.Related publications Related duties All the above.• 6. Which is not included in introduction?（1分） CMotivations..Basis for proposing the project Approach.Current status (literaturereviews).•单选7. What are the strategies when we write proposals?（1分） DWe need to present the key ideas clearly and convincingly in first several pages.We have tobe creative and try very hard to set up new problems and propose new approaches unlikely to bethought about by others.For different kinds of proposals, we should use different strategies.Allthe above.•单选8. Which assumptions should not we accept when writing proposals?（1分） BThe reviewers are statistically unbiased and intelligent.The reviewers know the background ofthe proposal very well.The reviewers are smart but very busy.There are many smartresearchers out there competing on the same subject and proposing similar or better ideas•多选9. Which disciplines are included in “Micro sensor and wireless sensor networks”?（1分）ABCDInformation engineering.Mechanical engineering.Physics & chemistry.Biology.•多选10. Why is the interdisciplinary research important?（1分）ABCDIn modern science and technology, there is a tendency in interdisciplinary research.It ispossible the drive forces of discipline change and development. The concepts and knowledge inone area may change the course of another area. New area may come out as the interdisciplinaryresearch.•11. Which disciplines contribute to “Quantum Informatics”? （1分） DInformation &Transportation. Information& biology.Information& chemistry.Information& physics• 判断12. If you find out there are several authors no show, you can combine the sessionwith some others”. （1分） B正确错误•单选13. In some conferences,what do you need to report to the program committee. （1分） DHow many papers are presentedAnyone no show How the session goes. All theabove.• 单选14. What are the tasks of a conference session chair ? （1分） DMeeting the authors either in author's breakfast or just before the session.Introducing theauthors.Controlling the presentation time and follow the schedule. All the above.• 判断15. If you find the paper is really interesting, can you say, "I know the paper have notbeen published yet, so I can directly use its ideas in my own paper?" （1分） B正确错误•16. To save efforts you can send emails to all the reviewers simultaneously. （1分）B正确错误• 判断17. A paper is usually reviewed by one reviewer. （1分）B正确错误•多选18. What difficulties may you meet as the associate editor or editor? （1分） ABCDYou may have difficulty in finding a proper number of reviewers. You may have difficulty ingetting reviews from a particular reviewer who already agreed to review a paper.You may have toomany papers to handle, and you cannot turn in to handle the paper timely.You may have somepersonal affairs so you don’t have enough time.•多选19. What should you pay attention to when choosing reviewers?（1分）ABCDYou should find a little more than the standard number of candidate reviewers.You shouldalign the interest of the reviewers with ours.You should not ask a person closely related to orfighting hard with the authors to review the paper.You should not ask the advisor to reviewstudents' paper.•多选20. Which factors are important to become an AE?（1分）ABCDWilling to serve without pay.Writing a good CV.Finding a good advocate.Being agood reviewer firstly.•21. What information should you give authors if you want them to revise?（1分）DWhich parts to cut.how the paper should be reorganized.How the paper should berevised.All the above.•单选22. How long should you spend on completing the review?（1分）COne week.Two weeks.Four to six weeks.Ten weeks or more.•单选23. As an AE, what information should you get after glancing over the paper?（1分）DWhat the paper about.Its potential contributions.Who are other leading researchers inthe area.All the above.•判断24. Validity or correctness of the method means whether your paper fits this conference or journal.（1分）B正确错误•判断25. Serving as a reviewer can help you develop the capability of critical reading and providing critic reviews.（1分）B正确错误•26. Which statements are correct when you serve as a reviewer?（1分）ABCGive the comments to the authors for improvement and confidential.You are advised to bespecific and constructive to the authors especially the beginning researcher.You should keepconfidentiality, and you should not disclose any information on the review of the paper.You candisclose some information on the review because the system is anonymous.•多选27. Which parts should be included in rating scales?（1分）BCDOriginality or creativity of the concept.Validity or correctness of the method.Clarity of thewriting.Suitability of the readership•单选28. Which part mainly determine the contributions of the paper?（1分）BValidity or correctness of the method.Originality or creativity of the concept.Clarity of thewriting.Suitability of the readership•判断29. When making a poster, printing out your PPT is also a good choice.（1分）A正确错误•判断30. In poster sessions, you can just leave the poster at designated area and hang out.（1分）B正确错误•31. Plenary and keynote speeches are very important because it often discusses the future development and research directions.（1分）A正确错误•多选32. What are the benefits of poster sessions?（1分）ABCDIt can attract the people who are interested in your work.You can networksomebody who is interested in your work.You can get the feedback in real time.It provides a stage for participants to communicate with each other.•多选33. Which statements are correct?（1分） ACDYou can just participate the sessions you are interested in.You mustparticipate all sessions You should ask question appropriately and make commentspolitely.You can choose one or two committee to participate.•多选34. Which activities are included in a conference?（1分） ABCDPaper presentation sessions Poster sessions Committee meetingsSocial activities•单选35. When should we meet session chair?（1分） AAt author’s breakfast or just before the session.At poster sessions.During other’s presentation.Just at any time.•36. How long should the author be allowed to present the paper?（1分）BAbout 2 or 3 minutes.About 15 to 20 minutes.About an hour.About two hours ormore.•单选37. What does “no show” mean in the video?（1分）BYou don’t submit the final paper.You submit a paper to the conference and do not show up atit.Don’t show off when you make presentation.You don’t do a good presentation.•单选38. What should you do when you present a paper?（1分）DPrepare slides strictly according to the time limit.Make presentation and answer questionspolitely.Read program carefully, locate your session and be aware the time slot for presentation.All the above.•判断39. To save efforts you can just list the one author and use “et al” for the others if the reference paper have many authors.（1分）B正确错误•判断40. There is no need to ask anyone’s consensus if I want to reuse the graph and picture from my own paper.（1分）B正确错误•41. Which statements are correct?（1分） ABCYou should treat other people’s ideas and intellectual property with respect andcare.You should respect other people’s ideas in academic exchanges.You shouldask permission for use of documents and so on.You should publish the achievementfirst when you get an idea from others.•多选42. What should we do when we treat other people’s idea and intellectual property?（1分） ABCDRespect other people’s ideas in aca demic exchanges Ask permission for use ofdocuments, etc.Pay attention to the copyright for use of graphs.Be aware of the cultural differences.•多选43. Why it is important to share credit?（1分） ABCDBecause it is the basis for free sharing the idea and respect for the intellectualproperty right of scholars.Because there is a harsh punishment for plagiarism.Because it can help to have a healthy research atmosphere.Because it can protect the right of scholars.•单选44. Which of the following is unacceptable in terms of sharing credit?（1分） DIf I want to reuse the graph and picture of my paper that has been previouslypublished, I still ask for the permission and copyright from the publisher.I have tomake sure that it is really my work before I claim my contribution in the paper.I am generous to collaborators in some cases that their contributions are not very clear cut.I claim credit in my paper but the main idea is the result of the discussion with mycolleagues.•判断45. In order to prepare a good presentation, you can record your talk and then rehearse and practice.（1分）A正确错误•46. What should you do in Q&A?（1分）ACDAnswer audiences’ questions politely.For simple questions, you can say “the question is soeasy and you should ask google”.Deflect the answer to the point you want to emphasize forirrelevant questions.Admit and/or offer the approach to finding the answer, or offer answers later if no answer•多选47. What should you do when making a presentation?（1分）ABCDDon’t re ad but present with confidence.Mention main goal early to capture attention Don'tslur your pronunciations and let sentences trail off.Try to emphasis in different ways.•判断48. In order to enhance performance, you should use slides as many as possible.（1分）B正确错误•判断49. Don’t use too many variables and notations, or the audience would forget.（1分）A正确错误•判断50. If you use a circle to represent something, you also could use it to present another thing in the same talk.（1分）B正确错误。

科技类文章科技论文范文10篇

科技类文章科技论文范文10篇在平凡的学习、工作、生活中，大家都不可避免地要接触到作文吧，作文可分为小学作文、中学作文、大学作文（论文）。

相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，如下是细致的小编沉默给家人们分享的10篇科技论文范文，希望大家能够喜欢。

科技论文篇一科技论文大全信息技术与课程整合，简而言之，就是发挥信息技术的优势，使学生的素质得到更好的培养和提高。

那么，究竟用它来提高学生的什么素质呢？显然更多的在于提高学生的智力水平。

也就是说，重在解决如何培养学生认知能力和创新能力的问题。

计算机及其网络能够以软件和多媒体的方式给学生提供各种知识信息，以交互式的方式给教师和学生创造进行探究式教学、主动学习、协作学习、研究性学习的各种现代教育教学环境。

多少年来，在教育软件的开发目标上有过很多不同的见解。

人们熟知的计算机辅助教学，将信息技术的应用定位在辅助教师讲授课程，结果出现了很多对重点、难点知识的演示教学软件。

这种软件主要目的不在于培养、提高学生的认知能力和创新能力，而在于帮助教师把知识难点给学生讲清楚。

学生对难点知识的理解确实变得容易了，但是，它仍然是就知识论知识，学生观察事物、发现问题、解决问题的能力，以及驾驭知识、发展知识的能力并没有得到实质性的提高。

还有一类是计算机辅助学习软件，它的目的主要是利用计算机的交互功能，建立学生自主学习的模式。

但实际上，学生学习的效果，不单是取决于软件的交互功能，更主要的还是软件提供的。

内容本身。

实质还在？quot;整合的目的和水平。

由此可见，利用信息技术进行教与学，其效果取决于教育信息资源设计目标的层次和水平。

没有明确的、高层次设计目标的教育资源，一定不可能达到明确的、高水平的教学效果。

我们的目标应该是，真正解决学生认知能力和创新能力培养上的难点问题，解决学生在认知过程和创新过程中所须要解决，而传统教学难以甚至是无法解决的能力培养问题。

这些难点包括：感知事物存在特征与变化过程本质的能力；科学想象能力；科学推理能力；掌握科学思想的能力；理解学术观念、驾驭学科知识的能力；获取、利用信息资源的能力；在交流中获取知识、提高素质的能力等等。

文献检索与科技论文写作期末复习题(经济)

一、填空题1、信息不是事物的本身，而是存在于事物当中，是事物运动的状态与方式，是对事物运动方式的抽象反映。

2、凡篇幅达到48页以上并构成一个书目单元的文献叫图书。

3、文献是记录有知识的一切载体。

4、文献的基本要素：知识, 信息内容；信息符号；载体材料；记录方式。

5、知识是人们在改造客观世界的实践中所获得的认识和经验的总结，是信息的一部分。

6、二次文献是图书信息研究机构将大量的分散的无组织的一次文献，经过浓缩、整序、加工处理后，组织成系统的、便于查找和利用的文献。

7、期刊具有报道速度快，出版周期短、数量大、品种多等特点。

8、图书的优点是内容全面而系统，观点较成熟，是求知解惑时主要利用的文献之一。

9、追溯法是指不利用一般的检索系统，而是利用文献后面所列的参考文献，逐一追查原文，然后再从这些原文后所列的参考文献目录逐一扩大文献信息范围，一环扣一环地追查下去的方法。

10、在《中国图书馆图书分类法》中，“经济计划与管理”的分类号是F2 。

11、截词符号的使用，既可减少检索词的输入量，又可简化检索步骤，扩大查找范围，提高检全率。

12、逻辑“或”（用OR或“+”表示）是用于具有并列概念的组配。

这种组配可以扩大检索范围，提高查全率。

13、文献信息检索语言是应文献信息的加工、存贮和检索的共同需要而编制的专门语言，它是表达一系列概括文献信息内容和检索课题内容的概念及其相互关系的一种概念标识系统。

14、文摘是以简明扼要的文字对文献主要内容所作的摘要，是原始文献的浓缩。

15、文献检索的基本程序：分析检索课题、制定检索策略、试验性检索和修改检索策略、正式检索；整理说明检索结果，按要求给予答复，或者进一步提供原文。

16、搜索引擎是一种利用网络自动搜索技术，对因特网各种资源进行标引，并为检索者提供检索的工具。

17、搜索引擎的检索语法中，AND 或&——在逻辑上表示“与”。

如果用它来连接两个词汇，表明要求两个词汇必须同时出现在结果中。

慕课《如何写好科研论文》期末考试答案

1. 论文写作前的积累包括哪些（2/2分）实验细节Idea专业知识讲座正确答案:实验细节Idea专业知识讲座答案解析:论文写作前的积累包括实验细节、Idea、专业知识、讲座、文献追踪多选2. 文献一般重点引用哪些（2/2分）重要文献最新文献便捷获取文献大家的文献正确答案:重要文献最新文献答案解析:答案如选项多选3. 提高研究与写作的技巧包括（0/2分）导师的言传身教大量阅读与思考联系很重要学会和学术期刊打交道正确答案:导师的言传身教大量阅读与思考联系很重要学会和学术期刊打交道答案解析:提高研究与写作的技巧包括：提高研究与写作的技巧包括、大量阅读与思考、联系很重要、学会和学术期刊打交道多选4. 学术论文质量标准包括（2/2分）形式标准质量标准内容标准学术标准正确答案:形式标准内容标准答案解析:学术论文质量标准包括形式标准和内容标准多选5. 什么情况下可以发表你的成果（0/2分）研究有原创性对既有研究有提升文章的逻辑和文字都很完美对某领域有独特领悟的总结正确答案:研究有原创性对既有研究有提升对某领域有独特领悟的总结答案解析:答案如选项多选6. 如何同期刊打交道（0/2分）善于察言观色善于认识编辑善于推荐自己善于交流正确答案:善于推荐自己善于交流答案解析:同期刊打交道包括：善于推荐自己、善于交流多选7. 编辑认为好的学术论文应具备的条件（0/2分）知识积累创新思维学术功底研究（写作）技巧正确答案:学术功底研究（写作）技巧答案解析:编辑认为好的学术论文应具备的条件有：学术功底、研究（写作）技巧多选8. 研究生阶段学习和科研（论文作业）结合的好处（0/2分）节约时间可以得到老师的真正指导积累写作经验尽快发表论文正确答案:节约时间可以得到老师的真正指导积累写作经验答案解析:研究生阶段学习和科研（论文作业）结合的好处有：节约时间；可以得到老师的真正指导；积累写作经验多选9. 如何培养科研兴趣（0/2分）本身就热爱做成后产生多读论文兴趣无所谓正确答案:本身就热爱做成后产生答案解析:培养科研兴趣，要么本身就热爱，要么做成后产生多选10. 科技论文语言的特征是（2/2分）清晰客观准确简明正确答案:清晰客观准确简明答案解析:答案如选项多选11. 研究生读书计划应包括（0/2分）专业读书计划研究方向读书计划学位论文读书计划专业拓展读书计划正确答案:专业读书计划研究方向读书计划学位论文读书计划答案解析:研究生读书计划应包括专业读书计划、研究方向读书计划、学位论文读书计划多选12. 怎样泛读文献（0/2分）摘要要读，前言最后一段要读实验部分有新方法才读讨论部分感兴趣才读结论可读可不读正确答案:摘要要读，前言最后一段要读实验部分有新方法才读讨论部分感兴趣才读结论可读可不读答案解析:答案如选项多选13. 学术不端行为包括（2/2分）伪造数据篡改数据剽窃模仿正确答案:伪造数据篡改数据剽窃答案解析:学术不端行为包括：伪造数据、篡改数据、剽窃多选14. 找到值得研究的问题的方法包括（2/2分）在课程学习过程中找读书中发现问题写综述研究生论坛及学术会议征稿正确答案:在课程学习过程中找读书中发现问题写综述研究生论坛及学术会议征稿答案解析:找到值得研究的问题的方法包括：在课程学习过程中找、读书中发现问题、写综述、研究生论坛及学术会议征稿、浏览期刊，关注热点多选15. 选择审稿人应注意（2/2分）最好是合作者最好都是华人最好不是合作者最好不都是华人正确答案:最好不是合作者最好不都是华人答案解析:选择审稿人最好不是合作者、最好不都是华人多选16. 论文写作的基本能力要素是（2/2分）逻辑数学语言专业正确答案:逻辑数学语言答案解析:答案如选项多选17. 规范、严谨的英文写作包括（2/2分）简洁的表达语法逻辑严谨润色文章正确答案:简洁的表达语法逻辑严谨润色文章答案解析:答案如选项多选18. 学术出版物的关键作用包括（2/2分）注册认证传播保存正确答案:注册认证传播保存答案解析:答案如选项多选19. 论文中处理图表的要点包括（2/2分）坐标轴一般4~6个数据刻度字号足够大重点内容突出表示颜色对比鲜明正确答案:坐标轴一般4~6个数据刻度字号足够大重点内容突出表示颜色对比鲜明答案解析:答案如选项多选20. 什么样的论文需要精读（2/2分）有意思经典开创性引用高正确答案:经典开创性引用高答案解析:答案如选项单选21. 一般名牌大学学报所看重的风格是（0/2分）观点新颖“短、频、快”的文章朴实厚重特色栏目正确答案:朴实厚重答案解析:一般名牌大学学报所看重的风格是文风的朴实厚重单选22. 研究生阶段对于学习课程的论文作业最好能（0/2分）平均用力，每一篇都尽全力对待应付即可，主要精力投入到科研之中做好一门最感兴趣的课程的作业看老师的要求而定正确答案:做好一门最感兴趣的课程的作业答案解析:研究生阶段对于学习课程的论文作业最好能做好一门最感兴趣的课程的作业单选23. 如何选择自己的科研领域（0/2分）机遇导师的意见兴趣发展前景好正确答案:兴趣答案解析:选择自己的科研领域主要看兴趣单选24. 我国学术型硕士一般需几年（2/2分）1年2年3年4年正确答案:3年答案解析:我国学术型硕士一般需3年单选25. 学术论文最高层次的创新是（0/2分）首创革新原创突破正确答案:原创答案解析:学术论文最高层次的创新是原创单选26. 《研究生学术入门手册》的作者是（2/2分）钟伟民葛兆光王小盾张五常正确答案:葛兆光答案解析:《研究生学术入门手册》的作者是葛兆光单选27. 面对审稿人的质疑应该如何应对（2/2分）强硬回复婉转回复投其所好置之不理正确答案:婉转回复答案解析:答案如选项单选28. Cover Letter的重点是（2/2分）讨好编辑强调创新性强调自己的努力强调自己的原有成果正确答案:强调创新性答案解析:Cover Letter的重点是强调创新性单选29. 一般文章再发表之前一般会经历（2/2分）直接接收1~3轮返修2~4轮返修3~5轮返修正确答案:1~3轮返修答案解析:一般文章再发表之前一般会经历1~3轮返修单选30. 当描述已知的事实和假设时，应使用什么时态（0/2分）现在时过去时将来时进行时正确答案:现在时答案解析:当描述已知的事实和假设时，应使用现在时单选31. 选择期刊最重要的是（0/2分）期刊的声望期刊的影响因子期刊的读者群发表速度正确答案:期刊的声望答案解析:选择期刊最重要的是期刊的声望单选32. Elsevier的前身在何时成立（0/2分）14世纪15世纪16世纪17世纪正确答案:16世纪答案解析:Elsevier的前身在16世纪成立单选33. 本科阶段的学习更多体现（0/2分）眼学耳学口学心学正确答案:耳学答案解析:本科阶段的学习以听课为主单选34. 对于数学在科研中的重要性，以下说法正确的是（2/2分）数学对科研无所谓，会本专业的知识就行基本的数学知识就足够了数学还是需要掌握到一定程度一定要是数学专业才能做科研正确答案:数学还是需要掌握到一定程度答案解析:在科研中，数学很重要，尽量多掌握单选35. 初次写论文是最好选一个（2/2分）大些的题目，可以写的比较多中观或比中观略小的题目，比较好把握小些的题目，比较容易无所谓大小，关键是研究价值正确答案:中观或比中观略小的题目，比较好把握答案解析:初次写论文是最好选一个中观或比中观略小的题目，比较好把握单选36. 论文中最应该避免的语言错误是（0/2分）拼写错误句子结构错误时态及语法错误没有全文使用英文正确答案:拼写错误答案解析:论文中最应该避免的语言错误是拼写错误单选37. 方法部分一般使用什么语态（0/2分）主动语态被动语态正确答案:被动语态答案解析:方法部分一般使用被动语态判断38. 标题里除了公认的缩写如DNA之外一般不应使用缩写？（0/2分）正确错误正确答案:正确答案解析:标题里不可以使用缩写判断39. 论文翻译后再出版在有些情况下是可以的（2/2分）是否正确答案:是答案解析:经出版商许可，和相应的引用后，翻译后出版是可以的判断40. 一般论文在作者投稿后就进入同行评审（0/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:论文在作者投稿后先要通过编辑初审判断41. 通讯作者必须是第一作者（2/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:通讯作者可以是第一作者，也可以是其中比较资深的作者判断42. 摘要在索引工具中可以免费获得（2/2分）是否正确答案:是答案解析:摘要在索引工具中一般是免费的判断43. 对于研究中不想表达的数据可以隐藏（0/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:数据不应该隐藏判断44. 文章中对于副词的使用没有什么特别限制（2/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:文章中应尽量避免使用副词判断45. 以高质量成果目标就一定要做出高质量的科研成果（2/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:以高质量成果目标可能会得到一个平淡的成果判断46. 审稿人会有一定的收入作为报酬（2/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:审稿人是免费工作判断47. 科技论文中可以经常出现长难句，以体现文章表达的精准性（0/2分）是否正确答案:否答案解析:科技论文中应尽量避免出现长难句判断48. isn't won't 这样的用词在文章中没问题的（2/2分）正确错误。

王佳伟科技论文写作大作业

科技论文试题（考查）姓名：王佳伟学院（系）：土木工程学院班级：08给水排水学号：0805205035 成绩：_____________一、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1、为什么说技术需要“社会协作”？答：技术涵盖了人类生产力发展水平的标志性事物，是生存和生产工具、设施、装备、语言、数字数据、信息记录等的总和。

合作往往能激发出团体不可思议的潜力，团体协作干出的成果往往能超过成员个人业绩的总和。

一个团体，如果集体涣散，人人自己按自己的想法办事，怎么会有来生机与活力？又怎么创业？在一个没有合作的环境里，个人能力再好，再聪明，也不可能得到充分发挥。

每个人都要将自已融入集体，才能充分发挥个人的作用。

团队精神的力量是无可限量的。

2、撰写科技论文能锻炼我们的什么？答：论文的写作与发表，对于提高研究水平、减少无效劳动和推动科学技术发展起着不可低估的作用。

科技发展史告诉我们，许多重大的发明、发现都是从继承和交流开始的，因此可以认为，科技论文写作几乎是一切科技交流的基础。

其次，撰写科技论文可以锻炼我们严谨仔细的态度。

还可以让们学到更多科学事理。

3、科技论文怎样做到“论证有力”？答：主要围绕自己的论点，通过正反面对自己提出的观点进行说明，论证一定要有根据，涉及到数据一定要真实，准确。

其次还要举出自己的例子，举例说明和事理证明相结合，可以做到论证有力。

4、科技论文中署名和致谢的目的是什么？答：属性和致谢是科技论文中两个重要的组成部分，正确的署名和致谢是对作者及相关工作人员研究工作的尊重。

二、根据以下题目，请写出应有的关键词（每题5分，共20分）1、如何看待现阶段劳动报酬的差别——也谈按劳分配中的资产阶级权利关键词：劳动报酬权利差别按劳分配2、开发蛋白质资源，提高蛋白质利用效率——探讨解决吃饭问题的一种发展战略等关键词：蛋白质利用效率发展战略3、《云南水文水资源信息自动监测系统关键技术研究》一文：关键词：水文资源自动检测系统技术4、《云南省水环境状况及问题分析》一文：关键词：水环境状况问题三、阅读这篇小科技论文，概括其摘要和关键词（30分）水面上的硬币在研究物体的浮沉条件时，有个同学无意中发现了一个有趣的现象：把一塑料尺子竖放(或侧放)在水面时，发现尺子迅速下沉了；而当他把尺子平放在水面时，即可发现尺子漂在水面上。