第六讲 wordsworth and Coleridge
威廉华兹华斯
But his uncle to his political activities dissatisfied, not wish again to increase. Are desperate, a has been sympathy and admiration of his old classmates died and left him 900 pounds. And in October 1795, he and dorothy move the country together, achieve close to nature, and discusses his old dream the meaning of life. Dorothy intelligent and considerate, and give he created writing conditions
诗人生平
1787年他进剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习，大学毕业 年他进剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习， 年他进剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习 后去法国 住在布卢瓦。他对法国革命怀有热情， 法国， 后去法国，住在布卢瓦。他对法国革命怀有热情， 认为这场革命表现了人性的完美， 认为这场革命表现了人性的完美，将拯救帝制之 下处于水深火热中的人民。 下处于水深火热中的人民。在布卢瓦他结识了许 多温和派的吉伦特党人。 年华兹华斯回到伦 多温和派的吉伦特党人。1792年华兹华斯回到伦 年华兹华斯回到 仍对革命充满热情。 敦，仍对革命充满热情。但他的舅父对他的政治 活动表示不满，不愿再予接济。正在走投无路时， 活动表示不满，不愿再予接济。正在走投无路时， 一位一直同情并钦佩他的老同学去世， 一位一直同情并钦佩他的老同学去世，留给他 900英镑。于是在 英镑。 英镑 于是在1795年10月，他与多萝西一起 年 月 迁居乡间，实现接近自然并探讨人生意义的宿愿。 迁居乡间，实现接近自然并探讨人生意义的宿愿。 多萝西聪慧体贴， 多萝西聪慧体贴，给他创造了写作条件
英国文学史
英国文学史多选1. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ___C _. A. Romanticism B. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period2. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his producti on of___DA. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales3. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th cent uries, its essence is____D___.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare…s Sonn et 18? CA. The speaker eulogizes (praise) the power ofB. The speaker satirizes human vanityC. The speaker praises the power of artistic creationD. The speaker meditates on man …s salvation6. ―The Fairy Queen‖ is the masterpiece written by__C__. A. John Milton B. Geoffr ey Chaucer C. Edmund Spenser D.Alexander Pope7. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write? DA. Advancement of LearningB. Novum OrganumC. De AugmentisD. Areopagitica8. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was（B） who was a critic, poet, and playwright.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. S.T. Coleridge9. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne…s poetry? BA. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet10. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as ―___B___‖, for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel. A. Best writer of the English novel B. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English nove l11. John Milton…s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of __ B _.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets12. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver…s Travels are ____A_.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wis domD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only inappearance but also in some other ways 13. Gothic novels are mostly stories of___C_ ____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles. A. love an d marriage B. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs14. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT __D_A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of t he spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as s ubject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech15. Charles Dic kens… works are characterized by a mingling of ___A____ and pathos.A. humorB. satireC. passionD. metaphor16. In __B____ …s hands, ―dramatic monologue‖ reaches its maturity and perfection.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. William ShakespeareD. George Eliot18. The bard of imperialism was（B）, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in hisworks.A. R. L. StevensonB. Rudyard KiplingC. H. G. WellsD. Daniel Defoe19. ―art for art…s sake‖ was put forth by ___A___.A. aestheticismB. naturalismC. realismD. neo-romanticism20. Which of the following is taken from John Keats…―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖? DA. ―I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!‖B. ―They are both gone up to the church to pray.‖C. ―Earth has not anything to sho w more fair.‖D. ―Beauty is truth, truth beauty.‖43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of__C___, which take place in some haunted or d ilapidatedMiddle Age castles. A. love and marriage B. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs44. ―The father of English novel‖ is ___A_______.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. John Donne45. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ____D____.A. William WordswothB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Thomas GrayD. Robert Burns46. ___A___ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.A. The Songs of InnocenceB. Reliques of Ancient English poetryC. Songs and SonnetsD. Kubla Khan47. The Rights of Man, a pamphlet, was written by __D____, in which he advocated t hat politicswas the business of the whole mass of common people and not only of a government oligarchy.A. John MiltonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Robert BurnsD. Thomas Paine48. William Wordsworth，a romantic poet，advocated all the following EXCEPT (D).A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of t he spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech49. Which of the following is taken from John Keats…―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖? DA. ―I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!‖B. ―They are both gone up to the church to pray.‖C. ―Earth has not anything to sho w more fair.‖D. ―Beauty is truth，truth beauty.‖ 50. ―If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.‖ is an epigrammatic line by DA. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley51. ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖ shows the contrast between the___B___ of art and the__ __ ofhuman passion.A. Glory, uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience, sordidnessD. glory, perm anence52. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is BA. Jane AustenB. Charles LambC. Walter ScottD. George Eliot53. Tales form Shakespeare was written by ___D__.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Charles Lamb and Mary LambD. Wordsworth and Coleridge54. Charles Dickens… works are characterized by a mingling of ____A___ and pathos.A. humorB. satireC. passionD. metaphor55. In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that ―impious and profane o ffence ofasking for more‖. What did Oliver ask for more? A. More time to play B. More food t o eat C. More books to read D. More money to spend56. In ___B___ …s hands, ―dramatic monologue‖ reaches its maturity and perfection.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. William ShakespeareD. George Eliot57. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing s ociety, butalso due to its introduction to the English novel the first __D____ heroine. A. explorer B. peasant C. workerD. governess 家庭女教师58. The three trilogies of __A___ …s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realis m in the early20th century.A. John GalswortryB. Arnold BennettC. James JoyceD. H. G. Wells59. The Victorian Age was largely an age of___C___ eminentlyrepresented by Dicke ns andThackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. prose61. The work __B___ written by Alfred Tennyson was about the question of higher ed ucation of women.A. Crossing the BarB. The PrincessC. Break, Break, BreakD. Ulysses65. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of___A____,who never pays any attention to human feelings. A. propertyB. justiceC. moralityD. humor66. ____D__is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare，and hisrepresentative works are plays inspired by social criticism. A. Richard Sheridan B. Oli ver Goldsmith C. Oscar WildeD. George Bernard Shaw67. ―art for art…s sake‖ was put forth by _A_____.A. aestheticismB. naturalismC. realismD. neo-romanticism68. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT___B_____.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. Ulysses1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay 4. The story of ___ is theculmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales 5. William Langland?s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d?Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The N ormans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed, thro ugh which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England. A. primitive B. feud al C. bourgeois D. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d?ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers th e Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of thegreatest narrative poets of E ngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden 12. Chauce r died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey 13. Chaucer?s earlies t work of any length is his _____, a translation of the French Roman de la Rose by Ga illaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good W omenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____. A. engineer B. c ourtier C. office holder D. soldier E. ambassador F. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio?s poe m “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices： 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15ADAAB简答题1.Metaphysical poetry: Metaphysical poetry is a kind of realistic, often ironic and wi tty, verse combining intellectual ingenuity and psychological insight written partly in r eaction to the conventions of Elizabethan love poetry by such seventeenth-century po ets as John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Thomas Traherne, and Andrew Marvell. One of its hallmarks is the metaphysical conceit, a particularly arresting and ingenious type of metaphor.2. In your opinion, why does Satan in Paradise Lost choose the Garden of Eden for his battlefield? (7 points)Answer: 1) Paradise Lost was written by John Milton. (1points)2) The Garden of Eden is the most perfect of spot ever created by God (2 points)3) There live in innocent bliss God…s masterpiece, the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, who are allowed by God to enjoy /revel in the supreme beauties of Paradise, provided they do not eat the fruit that grows on the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; (3 point) 4) Satan desires to tear them away from the influence of God and to m ake them instrumental in his struggle against God…s authority. (1 point)4.Write a summery of Pride and Prejudice and make a short comment on the theme.the main plot（7分；主要情节表述不全或不连贯者酌情扣分）and result (1分)； (Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met, so the family's future happiness and se curity is dependant on the daughters making good marriages. Life is uneventful until the arrival in the neighborhood of the rich gentleman Mr. Bingley, who rents a large ho use so he can spend the summer in the country. Mr. Bingley brings with him his sister and the dashing (and richer) but proud Mr. Darcy. Love is soon in the air for one of th e Bennet sisters, while another may have jumped to a hasty prejudgment. For the Ben net sisters many trials and tribulations stand between them and their happiness, includ ing class, gossip and scandal.)Theme: exploration of the marriage, property and intrig ue between the main and minor characters; delicate probing of the values of gentry/ m arriage, class, money) 5) grammar and structure (3分).5. What are the characteristics of metaphysical玄学派poetry? (定义见1)答：①（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,② (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet…s beloved, with god, or with hims elf.③（主题：love, religious, thought）④Artistic features: conceits o r imagery奇思妙喻 and syllogism三段论6. What the theme of "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?答：Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is n ature that give him ―streng th and knowledge fullof peace‖ 2.It is bliss to recolled the beau ty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.7. What does ―West Wind mean in Shelley…s Ode to the West Wind?The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Co mpare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the t rees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the sprin g. This is a poem about renewal, about the windblowing life back into dead things, i mplying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only start s again when something dies.术语Terms1. Popular ballads: a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed. Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission .2. Enlightenment: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th cent ury.It was an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighte ners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. It was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the society was the ―enlightenment‖ or ―education‖ of the people.3. Sentimentalism: it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. (The representatives ofsentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at thesame time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people. ) The philosophy of the enlighteners, through rati onal and materialistic in its essence, did not exclude sences, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cult of nature and , a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a most human and natural manner, contrary to t he artful and hypocritical aristocrats.4. Neo-classicism（古典主义）:It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continuedby Johnson. Neo-classic ists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted t o achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fix ed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they ad hered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic functio n of literature.5. Realism: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or ref lecting‖ faithfully an actual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both t o a literary method based on detailed accuracy of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more general attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qu alities of romance in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life.6. Gothic novel: (哥特式小说)Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth centu ry, was one phase of the Romantic movement. It is futile to struggle against one's fate. The mysterious element plays an enormous role in the Gothic novel;it is so replete wit h bloodcurdling scenes and unatural feelings that it is justly called "a novel of horror". Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural.7. Lake poets:（湖畔诗人）refer to the first generation of romanticism including Wordsworth Coleridge and Sout hey. They once lived around the lake districts and traversed the similar attitude toward literature, politics and society, beginning as radicals and ending in conservatives.8. Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt agains t classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. Many of the ideas of English romanticism were first expressed by the poet s William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.9. Dramatic monologue is a type of poem writing style in which a character, at some specific and critical moment, addresses an identifiable but silent audience, thereby uni ntentionally revealing his or her essential temperament and personality.10. Aestheticism: 唯美主义The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement is ―art for art…s sake‖. Aestheticism plac es art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. According t o the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Ar t should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art…s sake, can it b e immortal. This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality…s sake, or art for money…s sake. The representatives are Oscar Wilde a nd Walter Pater.11. Stream of consciousness: a kind of style with a carefully modulated poetic flow a nd brought into prose fiction something of the rhythms and the imagery of lyric poetry.易考话题1.圣经创世神话与世俗创世神话的区别：1，《圣经》创世神话中，创造宇宙和人类的神是男性，而且完全像个家长。
The Romantic period Wordsworth,_Shelley_
William Wordsworth
1770---1850
Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Life
William Wordsworth was born in a lawyer’s family . His mother died when he was eight. His father followed her six years later. The orphan was brought up by relatives, who sent him to school at Hawkshead in the beautiful lake district in Northwestern England. Here, the unroofed school of nature attracted him more than the classroom, and he learned more eagerly from flowers and hills and stars than from his books. So the child early cherished a love of nature, which he later expressed in his poetry.
1st Stanza:
on high: in the sky. vales: valleys. all at once: suddenly; emphasizing a surprising pleasure. beneath: under. flutter: move in a quick way. breeze: light wind.
英国浪漫主义时期文学试题含答案
I.Multiple Choice.1.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Romanticism in England?A.Spontaneity in expressing feelings.B.Emphasis on reason.C.Worship of nature.D.Simplicity in language.2.The writer of “The solitary Reaper” also wrote _________.A.“Holly Willie’s Prayer”B.“The Defense of Poetry”C.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”D.“The Fall of Bastille”3._________ can be found among Percy Bysshe Shelley’s love lyrics.A.“One Word Is Too Often Profaned”B.“When We Two Parted”C.“A Red, Red Rose”D.“Song to Celia”4.Romanticism prevailed in England during the period _________.A.1789—1823B. 1798—1823C. 1789—1832D. 1798-18325.Lyrical Ballads (1798) was written by ________.A.James Thomson and William CollinsB.Thomas Gray and Robert BurnsC.Percy Bysshe Shelley and George Gordon ByronD.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge6.“The Lamb” is included in William Blake’s _________.A.Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. Songs of ExperienceD. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell7.Robert Burns’poem _______ has long become a universal parting song of all the English-speaking countries.A.“A Red, Red Rose”B. “Auld Lang Syne”C. “My Heart’s in the Highlands”D. “John Anderson, My Jo”8.George Gordon Byron was a staunch champion of the people’s cause. He raised his voice in defense of the oppressed workers in his well-known _________.A.Song for the LudditesB. The Prisoner of ChillonC. The Vision of JudgementD. The Revolt of Islam9. The following statements are about Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Which statement is NOT true?A. George Gordon Byron used his own experiences as the material of the long poem.B. The first canto deals with the hero’s journey in Portugal and Spain.C. The second canto describes Albania and Greece.D. The fourth canto describes Greek.10. Which is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece?A. IsabellaB. Prometheus UnboundC. Prometheus BoundD. Endymion11. Which is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s work of literary criticism?A. An Essay on CriticismB. A Defence of PoetryC. On the Necessity of AtheismD. Of Studies12.Which poet belongs to the Active Romantic group?A. John MiltonB. William WordsworthC. Charles LambD. John Keats13. Which work is not based on ancient Greek mythology?A. Prometheus BoundB. Prometheus UnboundC. EndymionD. Paradise Lost14. The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is __________.A. proseB. dramaC. novelD. poetry15. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with _______.A. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament and the death of Walter ScottB. the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsC. the publication of T.S. Eliot’s The Waste LandD. the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament16. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT ________.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. George Gordon Byron17. The Byronic Hero first appeared in _________.A. Oriental TalesB. The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. Don Juan18. The two major novelists of the English Romantic period are _______.A. William Wordsworth and John KeatsB. William Blake and Oliver GoldsmithC. Jane Austen and Walter ScottD. John Keats and Jane Austen19. The poems such as “The Chimney Sweeper” are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by _______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron20. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT _______.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speechII.True or False?1.English Romantic Period is one of poetical revival.2.Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Bound, borrows the basic story from a Greek myth.3.Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in England during the period 1789 to 1832.4.From her novel we can deduce Jane Austen’s view of life is realistic.5.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that the former is heavilyreligious but the latter secular.6.William Blake’s central concern in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is happiness, which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference.7.William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of misery, poverty mixed with love and happiness with a melancholy tone.8.William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.9.Samuel Taylor Coleridge asserted that poetry originated from “emotion recollected in tranquility”.10.William Wordsworth asserted that poetry originated from “emotion recollected in tranquility”.11.English Romanticism rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution.12.Emotion, common sense and intuition of humankind are what the romanticists emphasize in their works.13.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is written in the Spenserian stanza.14.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: Charles Lamb and Jane Austen.15.Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey are known as the escapist romanticists.III.Match.(1)Column A Column B1.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage A. Wordsworth and Coleridge2.Ode to the West Wind B. William Blake3.Kubla Khan C.Jane Austen4.“Auld Lang Syne” D. William Wordsworth5.“The Chimney Sweeper” E. Percy Bysshe Shelley6.“Ode to a Nightingale” F. John Keats7.Ivanhoe G. Robert Burns8.Pride and Prejudice H. Samuel Taylor Coleridge9.“To the Cuckoo”I. Walter Scott10.Lyrical Ballads J. George Gordon Byron(2)Column A Column B1.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” A. George Gordon Byron2.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner B. John Keats3.Thalaba the Destroyer C. Thomas Gray4.Don Juan D. Jane Austen5.Prometheus Unbound E. Robert Southey6.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” F. William Wordsworth7.Tales from Shakespeare G. Charles Lamb8.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard H. Percy Bysshe Shelley9.Sense and Sensibility I.Mary Shelley10.Frankenstein J. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeIV.Reading ComprehensionRead the following quotations and answer the questions.Passage 1O, my luve’s like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June;O, my luve’s like the melodie,That’s sweetly play’d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.Questions:1.Who wrote this poem?2.What is the title of the poem?3.What is the rhyme scheme of the quoted lines?4.The odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameter, what about the even-numbered lines?5.What do you know about the poem?Passage 2However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfiled Park is let at last?”Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.Questions:1.From which novel is this passage taken from?2.Who is the author of this novel? another two novels written by the author.4.What is “this truth”?5.What is this story about?V.Essay QuestionWhat do you know about William Wordsworth? You may talk about his literary status, his representative works and his poetic principles, etc.English Romanticism TestI. Multiple Choice.1B 2C 3A 4D 5D 6B 7B 8A 9D 10B11B 12D 13D 14D 15A 16D 17C 18C 19B 20DII. True or False1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6F 7F 8T 9F 10T 11T 12F 13T 14F 15TIII.Match.(1)1J 2E 3H 4G 5B 6F 7I 8C 9D 10A(2)1F 2J 3E 4A 5H 6B 7G 8C 9D 10IIV.Reading ComprehensionPassage 11.Robert Burns2.A Red, Red Rose3.ABCBDEFE4.Iambic trimeter5.“A Red, Red Rose”is one of Robert Burns’most popular love lyrics. It’s composed of four quatrains with alternate lines of four and three feet. It is a good example of how Burns made use of old Scottish folk poetry to create immortal lines by revising the old folk material. Burns clearly states and restates the theme: The speaker loves the young lady beyond measure. Its charm mainly lies in its rhythmic simplicity and its vehement sentiment.Passage 21.Pride and Prejudice2.Jane Austen3.Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, Persuasion (写两个即可)4.It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.5.The story centers round the poor, beautiful and intelligent heroine Elizabeth Bennet who stands for “prejudice”, one of the daughters in Bennet’s family and the hero Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich proud young man who stands for “pride” and a minor couple, her sister Jane and his friend Charles Bingley. At first, Mr. Darcy slights and offends Elizabeth with his pride. Later, he is fascinated by Elizabeth. However, due to the slander from Mr. Wickham, Elizabeth is full of prejudice against Mr. Darcy. After a succession of twists and turns, things are cleared up. Elizabeth finally changes her feeling toward Darcy from original prejudice to now admiration and marries herself to Darcy. Bingley and Jane get married too with the help of Darcy. The novel ends with the marriage of the happy couples.V. Essay QuestionWilliam Wordsworth, the representative poet of the first generation of Romantics and the chief spokesman of Romantic poetry, was one of the founders of English Romanticism. He is remembered as a poet concerned with the human relationship to nature and a fierce advocate of using the vocabulary and speech patterns of common people in poetry.In 1798, he and Samuel Taylor Coleridge published their joint work Lyrical Ballads, which marked the beginning of English Romanticism. William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey are known as the “Lake Poets”because they had lived for a time in close association in the mountainous Lake District in the northwest of England and William Wordsworth is the most talented member of “Lake Poets”. In 1843, he became “Poet Laureate” after Southey.In the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” He appealed to individual sensation, i.e, pleasure, excitement and enjoyment, as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. “Poetry takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility…) tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience matures the feeling and sensation, and makes possible the creation of good poetry like the mellow of old wine.” The function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things, to incidents and situations from common life. Nature inspires poetry. He skillfully combined natural description with expressions of inward states of mind. His poems are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, and a passionate love of nature. Wordsworth advocated the use of language of the common people, the simplicity of the poetic language. The language of the poet should not be abstract and should be “language really used by men”.。
英国浪漫主义
• 浪漫主义者不仅推崇想象，还强调灵感与创作的自发性，认为有这两 浪漫主义者不仅推崇想象，还强调灵感与创作的自发性， 种才智才能创造出真正的诗歌。 种才智才能创造出真正的诗歌。
• Romantics also tend to be nationalistic. P163
• 浪漫主义者们还体现了强烈的民族精神。 浪漫主义者们还体现了强烈的民族精神。
• 哥特式小说也是浪漫主义运动的一部分，它盛行于浪漫主义前期的18 哥特式小说也是浪漫主义运动的一部分，它盛行于浪漫主义前期的 也是浪漫主义运动的一部分 世纪末。这种小说的主要题材是暴力，恐怖及对超自然力（鬼神） 世纪末。这种小说的主要题材是暴力，恐怖及对超自然力（鬼神）的 描写。 描写。
1757-1827） William Blake （1757-1827）
• 想象是在全无联系的各种元素上创立新型整体的一种超凡 的官能。 的官能。
• The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination， but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration， regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. P162
英国文学选读练习题-含答案
实用文档Exercise for English Literature (2)Choose the best answer for each blank.1.________, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born inLondon about 1340.A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC.Francis BaconD. John Dryden2.Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________.A.FlandersB. FranceC.ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouragedexploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants.A.Henry VB. Henry VIIC.Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4.Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also thetriumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A.SpainB. FranceC.AmericaD. Norway5.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ________ wrote his Utopia in which he gave aprofound and truthful picture of the pe ople’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A.Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC.Francis BaconD. William Shakespear6.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen ________.A.MaryB. ElizabethC.WilliamD. Victoria7.English Renaissance Period was an age of ________.A.prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC.essays and journalsD. ballads and songs8.From the following, choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work: ________.A.The Advancement of LearningB. The New InstrumentC.EssaysD. The New AtlanticsE.Venus and Adonis9.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A.songsB. playsediesD. sonnets10.The heroines of Shakespeare’s great comedies, ________ are the daughters of the Renaissance, whoseimages and stories will remain a legacy to readers and audiences of all time.A.PortiaB. RoselandC.ViolaD. Beatrice11.Choose the four great tragedies of Shakespeare from the following ________.A.HamletB. OthelloC.MacbethD. King LearE.Timon of Athens12.Which play is not a comedy? ________A.A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC.Twelfth NightD. Romeo and JulietE.As You Like It13.“Denmark is a prison”. In which play does the hero summarise his observation of his world into such a bittersentence? ________A.Charles IB. OthelloC.Henry VIIID. Hamlet14.The works of ________ and the Authorised Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of theEnglish language.A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC.William ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson15.In which play does the hero show his profound reverence for man through the sentence: “What a piece ofwok is a man! How nobel in reason! How finite in faculty!” ________A.Romeo and JulietB. HamletC.OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice16.In 1649, ________ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth.A.James IB. James IIC.Charles ID. Charles II17.The revolution of 1688 meant three of the following things: ________.A.the supremacy of ParliamentB.the beginning of modern EnglandC.the triumph of the principal libertyD.the triumph of the principle of political libertyE.the Restoration of monarchy18.Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets? ________A.John DonneB. George HerbertC.John MiltonD. Richard Lovelace19.Which work was NOT written by John Milton? ________A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC.Samson AgonistesD. Volpone20.Paradise Lost is ________.A.John Milton’s masterpieceB.a great epic in 12 booksC.written in blank verseD.about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority21.John Milton is ________.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylistD.a great master of blank verse22.From the Old Testament, John Milton took his stories of Paradise Lost, i.e. ________.A.the creationB.the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angelsC.their defeat and expulsion from HeavenD.the creation of the death and of adam and EveE.the fallen angels in hell plotting against GodF.Satan’s temptation of EveG.the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden23.The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and ________ is often regarded as the real hero ofthe poem.A. GodB. SatanC. AdamD. Eve24.Who is the greatest of the Metaphysical school of poetry? ________A.John DonneB. George HerbertC.Andrew MarvellD. Henry Vaugham25.________ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A.The RenaissanceB. The EnlightenmentC.The Religious ReformationD. The Chartist Movement26.The main literary stream of the 18th century was ________. What the writers described in their works weremainly social realities.A.naturalismB. romanticismC.classicismD. realismE.sentimentalism27.The eighteenth century was the golden age of the English ________. The novel of this period spoke the truthabout life with an uncompromising courage.A.dramaB. poetryC.essayD. novel28.In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ________ and ________, which made him well-known as a satirist.A.A Tale of a TubB. Bickerstaff AlmanacC.Gulliver’s TravelsD. A Modest Proposal29.“Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This sentence is said by ________, oneof the greatest masters of English prose.A.Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift实用文档30.As a journalist, ________ had learned how to make his reporting vivid and credible by a skillful use ofcircumstantial detail. This power to make his characters alive and his stories credible is an inimitable gift. A.Joseph Addison B. Daniel DefoeC.Samuel RicharsonD. Tobias Smollett31.Which of the following are NOT written by William Blake? ________A.Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC.Songs of ExperienceD. Auld Lang SyneE.The Marriage of Heaven and HellF. ProphecisG.Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America, a Prophecy32.In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of pre-romanticism were ________.A.William WordsworthB. William BlakeC.Robert BurnsD. Jonathan Swift33.The Romantic Age begab with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by ________.A.William WordsworthB. Samuel JohnsonC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge34.The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer ________.A.Jane AustenB. Walter ScottC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth35.The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the poetry of ________.A.William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.George Gordon ByronD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyE.John Keats36.The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists. They are ________.A.George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe ShelleyB.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Walter Scott and Jane AustenD.Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt37.Which poets belong to the Active Romantic group? ________A.George Gordon ByronB. William WordsworthC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. John KeatsE.John Milton38.Which poets belong to the Lakers? ________A.William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.John KeatsD. Robert SoutheyE.Walter Scott39.Which of the folloeing were written by Wordsworth ONLY? ________A.To the CuckooB. The Lyrical BalladsC.Lucy PoemsD. The Solitary ReaperE.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud40.The publication of ________ marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century,i.e., with classicism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England.A.The Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. Don Juan41.As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old, classical traditions the criteria in theirpoetical creations, ________ based his own poetical principle on the premise that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”A.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. George Gordon ByronC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. William Wordsworth42.________ was the first critic of the Romantic School.A.William WordworthB. Samuel JohnsonC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordworth and Coleridge43.Which of the following statements is (are) NOT true about George Gordon Byron? ________A.Byron’s early years had been far from happy for he was born with a clubfoot, in the frequent family scenes hismother called him “you lame brat.”B.Byron died in Italy annd was deeply mourned by the Italian people and by all progressive people throughoutthe world.C.The reactionary criticism of the 19th century tried to belittle Byron’s genius and his role in the development ofEnglish literature, but Byron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.D.Since the May 4 Movement in 1919, more and more of Byron’s poems have been translated into Chinese andwell received by the poets and young readers. Byron has now become one of the best-known English poets in our country.44.In 1805, Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled ________.A.Biographia literariaB. The PreludeC.Lucy PoemsD. The Lyrical Ballads45.________ is regarded as the most wonderful lyricist England has ever produced mainly for his poems onnature, on love, and on politics.A.William WordsworthB. John KeatsC.George Gordon ByronD. Percy Bysshe Shelley46.Which of the following statements is (are) NOT true about Percy Bysshe Shelley? ________A.Prometheus Unbound is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece, a long epic poem.B.At Eton Percy Bysshe Shelley was known as “Mad Shelley”, for his obstinate opposition to the brutal faggingsystem, according to which the younger school-boys were obliged to obey the older boys and bear a great deal of cruel treatment.C.George Gordon Byron alled Percy Bysshe Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew.”D.Percy Bysshe Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters.47.________’s pursuit of beauty in all things bespoke an aspiration a fter a better life than the sordid realityunder capitalism. His leading principle is: “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”A.Percy Bysshe ShelleyB. George Gordon ByronC.William WordsworthD. John Keats48.Choose the four immortal odes written by John Keats. ________A.Ode to the West WindB. Ode to a NightingaleC.To AutumnD. Ode on MelancholyE.Ode on a Grecian Urn49.Choose the works written by Jane Austen. ________A.Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC.Northanger Abbey C. EmmaE.Mansfield ParkF. Persuasion50.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend called ________ appeared. And it flourished in theforties and in the early fifties.A.romanticismB. naturalismC.realismD. critical realism51.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ________. The critical realists, most ofwho were novelists, described with vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticised the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.A.novelB. dramaC.poetryD. essay52.The greatest English critical realist novelist was ________, who criticised the bourgeois civilisation andshowed the misery of the common people.A.William Makepeace ThackerayB. Charles DickensC.Charlotte BronteD. Emily Bronte53.Which of the following writers belong to critical realists? ________A.Charles DickensB. Charlotte BronteC. Emily BronteD. Thomas Hardy54.________ wrote a number of little sketches of “cockney characters”. He signed them “Boz”, which was hisnickname for his young brother. His first book, Sketches by Boz appeared in 1836.A.Elizabeth GaskellB. William M. ThackerayC.Charles DickensD. Jane Austen55.________ has been called “the supreme epic of English life.”A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist56.The theme underlying ________ is the idea “Where there is oppression, there is revolution”.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist57.In the Victorian Age, poetry was not a major art intended to change the world. The main poets of the agewere ________.A.Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC.Mrs. BrowningD. Robert BurnsE.William Blake实用文档58.The ________ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. It showed the English workers wereable to appear as an independent political force and were already realising the fact that the industrial bourgeoisie was their principal enemy.A.EnlightenmentB. RenaissanceC.ChartistD. Romanticist59.Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher societyregardless of the social reality? ________A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Great ExpectationD. Dombey and Son60.Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel ________.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. Great ExpectationC.Hard TimesD. David Copperfield61.________ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in which the early life of thehero is largely based on the author’s early life.A.Tom JonesB. David CopperfieldC.Oliver TwistD. Great Expectation62.The Bronte sisters are ________. They were all talented writers and all of them died young.A.Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC.Anne BronteD. Jane AustenE.Catherine63.Charlotte Bronte produced four novels: ________.A.ProfessorB. Jane EyreC.ShirleyD. VilletteE.Agnes Grey64.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ________.A.Wuthering HeightsB. Jane EyreC.EmmaD. Agnes Grey65.Choose the names appear in the novel Jane Eyre. ________A.Jane EyreB. Mr. RochesterC.Mary BartonD. Silas Marner66.Which characters appear in the novel Wuthering Heights? ________A.HeathcliffB. CatherineC.HindleyD. CathyE.Hareton67.In the novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte ________.A.pours a great deal of her own experienceB.criticises the bourgeois system of educationC.shows that true love is the foundation of marriageD.shows that women should have equal rights with men68.Women novelists began to appear in England during the second half of the ________ century.A.17thB. 18thC.19thD. 20th69.Anne Bronte also wrote two novels ________ and ________.A.ShirleyB. VilletteC.The Tenant of the Wildfell HallD. Agnes Grey70.Which of the following statements are true about Jane Eyre? ________A.One of the central themes of the book is the criticism of the bourgeois system of education.B.Another problem raised in the novel is the position of women in society.C.This book is Charlottel Bronte’s best literary production.D.In this book, the author attacked the greed, petty tyranny and lack of culture among the bourgeoisie andsympathised with the sufferings of the poor people. Her realism was coloured by petty-bourgeois philanthropy.71.Most of Robert Browning’s important works, including ________, are written in the form of dramaticmonologue.A.Dramatic LyricsB. Dramatic RomancesC. Men and WomenD. dramatics Personae72.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English ________ at the turn of the 19th century.A.critical realismB. pre-romanticismC.neo-classicismD. new romanticism73.Which statement is true? ________A.Thomas Hardy is a famous novelist.B.Thomas Hardy is also a poet.C.Thomas Hardy is a critical realist.D.Fatalism is strongly reflected in Thomas Hardy’ novels.74.According to Thomas Hardy’s own classification, his novels divided themselves into three groups. They are________.A.Novels of character and environmentB.Romances and FantasiesC.Novels of IngenuityD.Working class literature75.Novels of character and environment are also called Wessex novels, taking the southwest counties ofEngland for their setting. They include: ________.A.Under the Greenwood TreeB. The Return of the NativeC.The Mayor of CasterbridgeD. Tess of the D’UrbervillesE.Jude the Obscure76.The following statements are about Thomas Hardy’s novels, which are true? ________A.His Wessex novels are of great significance.B.The Southwest counties of England are the setting of his Wessex novels.C.There is pessimism in his novels.D.Mankind is subjected to hostile and mysterious fate.E.There are elements of naturalism in his works.77.Oscar Wilde is one of the important dramatists in the 19th century. In his comedies, he criticises the upperclass of the English bourgeois society. His best comedies are ________.dy Windermere’s FanB.A Woman of No ImportanceC.An Ideal HusbandD.The Importance of Being EarnestE.The Picture of Dorian Gray78.Oscar Wilde was the representative among the writers of ________.A.aestheticismB. decadenceC.critical realismD. pre-romanticism79.Alfred Tennyson’s poetic output was vast and varied. His main poems are ________.A.The PrincessB. MaudC.In MemoriamD. Idylls of the KingE.Crossing the Bar80.Which of the following short poems was/were written by Alfred Tennyson? ________A.Break, Break, BreakB. Crossing the BarC.The EagleD. Sweet and LowE.Tears, Idle Tears81.Which lament was written by Alfred Tennyson for the death of his friend Hallam? ________A.In MemoriamB. LycidasC.AdodaisD. Elegy written in a Country Churchyard82.My Last Duchess is ________.A.a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC.a novelD. an essay83.________ are generally regarded as Joseph Conrad’s finest novels.A.Lord JimB. NostromoC.YouthD. The Old Wives’ Tale84.Who is regarded as a forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature in the 20th century?A.John GalsworthyB. Henry JamesC.Thomas Stearns EliotD. James Joyce85.George Bernard Shaw’s essay ________, a commentary on Henrik Ibsen’s dramatic works, served also as theauthor’s own program of dramatic creation.A.Widower’s HousesB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC.Major BarbaraD. The Quintessence of Ibsenism86.In English literature, ________ and ________ are the two best-known novelists of the “stream ofconsciousness” school.A.David Herbert LawrenceB. Robert TressellC.James JoyceD. Virginia Woolf87.________’s admirers have praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of English language.”实用文档A.D.H. LawrenceB. T.S. EliotC.James JoyceD. W.B. Yeats88.________ is the climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiments in novel form.A.The WindowB. Time PassesC.To the LighthouseD. The Waves89.Which of the following novels belong(s) to the “stream of consciousness” school of novel writing?A.UlyssesB. Finnegans WakeC.To the LighthouseD. The Waves90.________ was written by James Joyce.A.The Portrait of an Artist as a Young ManB.Portrait of a LadyC.The Picture of Dorian GrayD.To the Lighthouse91. D.H. Lawrence’s representative work ________ was positively taken as a typical example and livelymanifestation of the Oedipus Complex in fiction, as the result of Lawrence’s long-range study of the psychologic theories of Sigmund Freud.A.Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. Women in Love92.Which of the characters are in the novel Sons and Lovers?A.Mrs. MorelB. PaulC. MiriamD. Clara93.Which of the following writers were from Ireland?A.George Bernard ShawB. Jonathan SwiftC.James Joyce Oscar WildeE.W.B. Yeats94.Which of the following play(s) was/were NOT written by George Bernard Shaw?A.Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionB. Widower’s HousesC.Major BarbaraD. PygmalionE.The Man of Property95.Which of the following plays deals with the story that a linguist trains a flower girl to speak the so-calledhigh-civilised English?A.Major BarbaraB. PygmalionC.Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionD. Man and Superman96.In 1923, ________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.A.William Butler YeatsB. Samuel ButlerC.Thomas Stearns EliotD. David Herbert Lawrence97.William Butler Yeats was _______.A.an Irish poetB. a dramatistC. a criticD. a senator in the Irish Free State in 192198.Thomas Stearns Eliot defined his belief as ________.A.classicist in literatureB. royalist in politicsC.Anglo-Catholic in religionD. all of the above99.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A.Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in America.B.Thomas Stearns Eliot became a British subject in 1927.C.Thomas Stearns Eliot was educated in Harvard University and Oxford University.D.Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, a critic and a playwright.E.Thomas Stearns Eliot was also a great novelist.100.In which poem are the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world after 1st World War expressed?A.Ode to the West WindB. The Solitary ReapermiaD. The Waste LandKeys:1-5: A, D, D, A, A 6-10: B, B, D, D, ABCD11-15:ABCD, D, D, C, B 16-20: C, ABC, AB, D, ABCD21-25: ABCD, ABCDEFG, B, A, B 26-30: D, D, AD, D, B31-35: D, BC, D, B, ABCDE 36-40: C, ACD, ABD, ACDE, A41-45: D, C, B, B, D 46-50: A, D, BCDE, ABCDEF, D51-55: A, B, ABCD, C, C 56-60: A, ABC, C, C, A61-65: B, ABC, ABCD, A, AB 66-70: ABCDE, ABCD, C, CD, ABCD71-75: ABCD, A, ABCD, ABC, ABCDE76-80: ABCDE, ABCD, AB, ABCED, ABCDE81-85: A. A. AB, B, D 86-90: CD, C, D, ABCD, A 91-95: A, ABCE, ABCDE, E, B 96-100: A, ABCD, D, E, D。
欧美精品文选期末考试
一、连线题(G)1. John MiltonA. The Canterbury Tales (E)2. Samuel JohnsonB. Mrs. Warren's Profession (A)3. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Joseph Andrews (H)4. Jane AustenD. She Stoops to Conquer (D)5. Richard Brinsley SheridanE. A Dictionary of the English Language (B)6. George Bernard ShawF. Song of Innocence (F)7. William BlakeG. Samson Agonistes (I)8. Robert BurnsH. Pride and Prejudice (J)9. Thomas HardyI. My Heart ’s in the Highlands (C)10. Henry FieldingJ. Tess of the D ’Urbervilles二、选择题B1. Which type of the text would you consider as literature? A. newspaper stories B. short storie C. business letter D. memo. A2. The greatest poet of the Middle English period is ______,the father of English poetry.A.Geoffrey ChaucerB.John LylyC.William LanglandD.John MiltonA3. “A Red Red Rose” is known as “ballad stanza”. This poetic form usually contains ______ rhymed lines in each stanza.A. 4B. 6C. 2D. 8D4. Hamlet, Othello and King Lear are well-known tragedies by Shakespeare, together with ______.A. Merchant of VeniceB. Midsummer Night’s dreamC. As you Like itD. MacbethB5. “Wuthering Heights” is a house where the main characters live ______ according to the novel.A. on a plainB. on a moorC. in a valleyD. in a hillA6. In 1066, _________led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. ClaudiusB7. Modern English poetry begins with __________. A. Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. John MiltonD8. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury TalesC9. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.A. ChaucerB. John DonneC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of SurreyA10. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.A. 14th...mid-17thB. 14th...mid-18thC. 16th...mid-18thD. 16th...mid-17thC11. "If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?"This is written by ______,one of the leading Romantic poets.A.John KeatsB.William WordsworthC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD.William BlakeB12. John keats' famous poem______expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.A."Endymion"B."Ode to a Nightingale"C."Ode on a Grecian Urn"D."Ode to Psyche"D13. The Victorian Age was largely an age of________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. proseC14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne A15. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _____.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnetsC16. Tales form Shakespeare was written by _____.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Charles Lamb and Mary LambD. Wordsworth and ColeridgeA17. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of _______ and pathos .A. humor B. satire C. passion D. metaphor A18. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of_______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. property B. justice C. morality D. humorA19. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ________ has been rega rded as “Father of the English Novel”.A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. John Bunyan D. James JoyceA20. Walden is a ________.A. Transcendentalist work B. epic in prose C. lyric poem D. short storyA21. ________ is considered Mark Twain's greatest achievement.A. The Gilded AgeB. Innocents AbroadC. The Adventures of Tom SawyerD. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD22. Shelley's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama ________.A. AdonaisB. To a SkylarkC. A Song: Men of EnglandD. Prometheus UnboundD23. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the ________?A. aristocratic classB. enterprising landlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-working peopleA24. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty ” is an epigrammatic line by___.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy ShelleyB25. At the beginning of Pride and Prejudice, the attitude of Darcy and Elizabeth toward each other is that of ___.A. mutual affectionB. mutual repulsionC. mutual hatredD. mutual indifferenceA26. “art for art’s sake” was put forth by ______.A. aestheticism B. naturalism C. realism D. neo-romanticismB27. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. UlyssesC28._________ belonged to the stream of consciousness .A. D. H. Lawrence B. James Joyce C. Virginia Woolf D. T. S. EliotA29. “Ode to the W est Wind” was written in ________ combined with sonnet form, which was a great artistic creation by Shelley.A. Terza RimaB. Blank VerseC. Dramatic MonologueD. OdeD30. Which of the following statements best describes Gulliver's Travels?A. Gulliver's Travels is a book of satire.B. Gulliver's Travels is a book of adventurous journeys.C. Gulliver's Travels is a realistic representation of 18th century England.D. Both A and B.A31. Which of the following novels by Virginia Woolf cannot be subsumed into the “Stream of consciousness” category?AB WritersWorks (d )1.Oscar Wildea.Lucky Jim (f )2.John Osborneb.Life of Ma Parker (a )3.Kingsley Amisc.A passage to India (b )4.Katherine Mansfieldd.An Ideal Husband (e )5.William Somerset Maughame.Of Human Bondage (c)6.Edward Morgan Forsterf.Look Back in Anger (h )7.John Galsworthyg.The Heart of the Matter (i)8.Jane Austenh.The Forsyte Saga (j)9.William Blakei.Pride and prejudice (g )10.Graham Greene j.The TygerA. The Voyage OutB. Jacob’s RoomC. Mrs. DallowayD. To the LighthouseC32. The theme of "A Woman on a Roof" is the relationship between men and women as well as the relationship between ______ in modern society.A. parents and children B. neighbors C. classes D. workersA33. Shakespeare is known to have used ______ different words. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.A. 16,000 B. 1600 C.20,000 D. 2000A34. Paradise Lost, the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf, is divided into ______ books.A. 12B. 6C. 4D. 10C35. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publicat ion of ______’s Lyrical Ballads.A. Wordsworth and SoutheyB. Coleridge and SoutheyC. Wordsworth and ColeridgeD. Southey and Blake三、名词解释1. Enlightenment: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It was an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. It was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the society was the “enlightenment” or “education” of the people.2. Neo-classicism: It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.3. (Critical) Realism: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or “reflecting” faithfully an actual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary method based on detailed accuracy of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more general attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of romance in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life.4. Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. Many of the ideas of English romanticism were first expressed by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.5. Lake poets: refer to the first generation of romanticism including Wordsworth Coleridge and Southey. They once lived around the lake districts and traversed the similar attitude toward literature, politics and society, beginning as radicals and ending in conservatives.7. Stream of consciousness:（or interior monologue）In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. The introduction of the term to describe literature - transferred from psychology - is attributed to May Sinclair, and is mostly a dead metaphor8. Ballad: A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many countries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have no known authors. They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language. A later form of ballad is the literary ballad, which imitates the style of the folk ballad.10. Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.四、简答题1．How do you understand “To be, or not to be”? Give your evidence to support your ideas.We all know that, Shakespeare's tragedy almost all have occurred in the noble class, from prince Hamlet, to the old king Lear, from the power of aspiring Macbeth, to Venice. All of them have their extremely inner world, and they lost in their own world.In this kind of drama, hope and despair coexistence, good and evil is complementary, bright and dark opposites. This series of letters are full of the human values, and they stick up Shakespeare's tragedies advocate tone.In fact, in Shakespeare's tragedies, all definitions are ambiguous. Hamlet's death is accompanied by the death of his enemy, lovers, friends and all sorts of ordinary people. The lady Macbeth, King Lear is also faced with the complicated factors of life and world. Everything is under the sort of twisted equation -- "to be or not to be?" Here will never find the answer.2．What are Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter to be called later the "heroic couplet"to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.Though drawing influences from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English speech.5．What are the unique features of Shakespeare’s sonnets?Shakespeare's sonnets are attracted through the ages of many readers because his poems are "sweet". He uses musical beautiful language praises the world’s most beautiful feelings--friendship and love. Poetry mainly involves three characters: poet, "young friends" and "black skin young woman". Shakespeare's sonnets mainly sing and demonstrate the love, the friendship and it expresses the belief to life..6. About “Ode to the Autumn Wind” ?This is one of Shelley’s best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth in the sky and on the sea and the expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind and his wish to be free like it and to scatter his words among mankind. The celebrate final line of the poem “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” has often been cited to illustrate Shelley’s optimistic belief in the future of mankind.雪莱Shelly（1792-1822）他的作品有：Ozyma nolias，Ode to the west wind，To a skylark，The masque of anarchy，To harriet。
《西方文化导论》(Quiz)
(3) ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.
A. Caesar
B. Octavian C. Remus D. Pompey
(P.32-33)
(4) The First Triumvirate consisted of ____. A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Sulla B. Pompey, Crassus, Cleopatra C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____. A. David and Solomon B. Moses and David C. Jacob and David D. Jacob and Solomon
D. Free Churches
Unit 5
Text True orStudy false _6_5 questions. __ F (1) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. __ T (2 three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. __ T (3) The spirit of the Goths formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. __ T (4) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.
英国文学史及选读试题及答案
第1页 英国文学史及选读试题Ⅰ. Multiple Choice （1′×20=20分）分）1. ______ was respected as ______ was respected as ““father of English poetry father of English poetry”” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.A.William ShakespeareB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. John MiltonD.John Donne 2. In terms of influence upon England, ____ brought French civilization and French language to England.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. RomansC. Anglo-NormansD. Teutons 3. According to Thomas More, “it was a time when sheep devoured men it was a time when sheep devoured men””. It refers to____.A. IndustrializationB. Religious ReformationC. Commercial ExpansionD. Enclosure Movement 4. It was ____who introduced sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Philip Sidney 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’’s tragedies?A. HamletB. King LearC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Othello 6. In 1649 ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.A.James IB. Henry VIIIC. Elizabeth ID. Charles I 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong?A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry.B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit.C. John Donne usually employs traditional and regular poetic form.D. His attitudes toward love are both positive and negative.8. Friday in The Adventuous of Robinson Crosue can be termed as EXCEPT____.A. a kind-hearted personB. a person with colonial mindC. a smart personD. a friendly person 9. Thomas Gray is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. RomanticismD. English Renaissance 10. William Blake 10. William Blake’’s ____is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world,though not without its evils and sufferings.A.Poetical SketchesB. The Book of ThelC. Songs of ExperienceD. Songs of Innocence 11. ____, the national peasant poet in Scotland, and his poem____ shows his passionate love for his Beloved.A.William Blake, LodonB. William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a CloudC. Robert Burns, A Red, Red RoseD. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne 12. English Romanticism begins with____ and ends with____.A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads , John Keats , John Keats’’s deathB. French Revolution, Walter Scott ’s deathC. the publication of Lyrical Ballads , Walter Scott , Walter Scott’’s deathD. Industrialization, John Keats D. Industrialization, John Keats’’s death 13. ____ are named as Lake Poets and Escapist Romanticists.A. Wordsworth, Shelley and KeatsB. Wordsworth, Byron and ShelleyC. Wordsworth, Coleridge and ShelleyD. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey 14. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A. Romantic literature is decidely an age of poetry.B. Dramma was fully developed during the Romantic period.C. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeoise society.D. Romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.15. ____ was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction.A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Jane Austen16. King ____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, which is knownas Religious Reformation.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID.Elizabetha I17. ____ was honored as Poet Laureate.A. ByronB. P. B ShelleyC. John KeatsD. William Wordsworth18. John Milton’’s Paradise Lost is based on the story of ____.18. John MiltonA. Greek MythologyB. Roman MythologyC. Old TestamentD. New Testament19. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties_____A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House of Representatives20.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by __.A. William WordsworthB. P. B. ShelleyC. George ByronD. John KeatsⅡ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chinese into English) （1′×10=10分）1．iambic pentameter 2. heroic couplet 3. antagonist 4. soliloquy 5. sonnet6. 无韵体诗诗节 10. 清教主义铺垫 9. 诗节清教主义 无韵体诗 7. 民谣民谣 8. 伏笔, 铺垫III. Identify the author and title of the literary work (2′×5=10分)1.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logicand rhetoric, able to contend.3.All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?4. Till a’’ the seas gang dry, my dear,4. Till aAnd the rocks melt wi’’ the sun:And the rocks melt wiI will love thee still, my dear,While the sands o’’ life shall run.While the sands o5. And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodilsIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, the features and representative figures or significance) (5′×4=20分)1. English Renaissance2. English Enlightenment3. Pre-Romanticism4. Metaphysical PoetryV. Interpreting the following texts (20′×2=40分)Text 1The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’’er the lea,The lowing herd wind slowly oThe plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (stanza 1)The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,The swallow twittering from the straw-bulit shed,The cock’’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,The cockNo more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. (stanza 5)Questions:1. Identify the author and the title of this poem (2分)2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved) (3分)3. Explain the underlined words (4分)4. What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it? (3分)5. Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples. (6分)6. Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poem (2分)Text 2I wander through each chartered street,Near where the chartered Thames does flow,And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness, marks of woe.In every cry of every man,In every infant's cry of fear,In every voice, in every ban,The mind-forged manacles I hear.How the chimney-sweeper's cryEvery blackening church appals;And the hapless soldier's sighRuns in blood down palace walls.Questions:1. Explain the underlined words. (5分)2. Identify the poetic form (3分)3. This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines? (4分)and ““Mind-forged manaclesMind-forged manacles””? (4分) chartered street and chartered Thames”” andUnderstand ““chartered street and chartered Thames4. Understandsoldier’’s sighs sigh””. (4分)and ““soldier5. Please analyze the images ofPlease analyze the images of ““Chimney-sweeperChimney-sweeper”” and英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1.__B__2.___C_3.__D__4.__A__5.__C___6.__D__7.__C__8.__B__9.__A__ 10.__D___11.__C__ 12.__C__ 13.__D__ 14.__B__ 15.__D__16.__B__ 17.__D__ 18.__C__ 19.__A__ 20.__B__Ⅱ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chineseinto English)1.抑扬格五音步抑扬格五音步2. 英雄双韵体英雄双韵体3.反面人物反面人物4.独白独白5.十四行十四行6.blank verse7.ballads8.foreshadowing 9. stanza 10. PuritanismIII. Identify the author and title of the literary work1. William ShakespeareSonnet 18 2. Francis Bacon Of Studies3. John MiltonParadise Lost 4. Robert BurnsA Red, Red Rose 5.William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIV . Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, thefeatures and representative figures or significance)1.English RenaissanceIt sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It made its appearance in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. It means the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another one is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English Reanaissance.2. English EnlightenmentThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as theEnlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual needs and requirements of people. English enlighteners differed in some way from those of France “cleared the minds of men for the coming revolution,revolution,””the English enlighteners set no revolutionary aims before them. They stove to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology. The representatives are Joseph Addison, Richard Steele (essayists), Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift (novelists), and Alexander Pope (poet).3. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18thcentury, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry. William Blake and Robert Burns are the representatives.4. Metaphysical PoetryMetaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wroteunder the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the “metaphysical school.”“metaphysical school.”V . Interpreting the following textsText 11.Thomas Gray Elergy Written in a Country Churchyard2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved)ˇThe `cur/ˇfew `tolls/ ˇthe `knell/ ˇof `par/ˇting `day,/a The lowing herd wind slowly o The lowing herd wind slowly o’’er the lea,b The plowman homeward plods his weary way, aAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me.b It is written in iambic pentameter, rhymed abab3. Explain the underlined wordsCurfew: evening bell lea: meadow plods: walks with heavy steps lowly bed: grave4.What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it?Tone: gloomy and melanconythrough imagery, long vowels and diphthongs 5.Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples.Visual image: strw-built shedAuditory image: cock’’s clarion, echoing hornAuditory image: cockTactile image: breezy call6.Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poemTransferred epithet and EuphemismText 26. Explain the underlined words.Chartered: possessed as the private property marks; signs ban: ProhibitionAppals: shocks hapless: unfortunate7. Identify the poetic formIt is written in iambic tetrameter, rhymed abab.ˇI `wan/ˇder `through/ ˇeach `char/ˇtered `street,/ˇNear `where/ˇthe `char/ˇtered `Thames/ ˇdoes `flow/8. This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines?Parallelism and repetition every is repeated five times in stanza 2and ““Mind-forged manaclesMind-forged manacles””?Understand ““chartered street and chartered Thameschartered street and chartered Thames”” and9. Understandchartered street and chartered Thames show the outlook of English bourgeoisie, their extreme greedMind-forged manacles mean that people under political white terror, they are bonded physically and mentally. They have no freedom in their mind.soldier’’s sighs sigh””.and ““soldierChimney-sweeper”” and10. Please analyze the images ofPlease analyze the images of ““Chimney-sweeperChimney-sweeper: to expose the hypocrisy of the churchSolider’’s sigh: they are forced to fight for their country, but their blood runs along the palace wall.SoliderThe war is full of cruelty. So they give the sigh。
Jane-Austen--简--奥斯丁PPT课件
provides comic relief to the
reader while at the same
time revealing certain traits
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of the characters.
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Lydia’s lack of common sense and responsibility is revealed when she takes pride in being the first Bennet girl to be married. Lydia does not take into consideration the circumstance of her marriage, the personality of her husband, or the prospects of their marriage for the future.
Jane Austen
(1775—1817)
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Her life
❖ 1.Austen was born in Hampshire, a small ❖ town in southwest England, where her ❖ father was rector of the church. ❖ 2. She was educated at home, with her ❖ sisters and passed her life quietly, ❖ cheerfully in doing small domestic duties.
conceited baboon who is completely stupify
英美文学选读(英国)浪漫主义时期笔记
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period1. The Romantic Period: The Romantic period is the period generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It is emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.Social background:a. during this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes. The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one.b. With the British Industrial Revolution coming into its full swing, the capitalist class came to dominate not only the means of production, but also trade and world market.3.The Romantic Movement: it expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoise. The romantics demontrated a a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. They saw man as an individual in the solitary state. Thus, the Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men”, and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imamgination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of the poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mattre. It is in solitude, in communion with the natural universe, that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules.Poetry: to the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.they would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects.Prose: It’s also a great age of prose. With education greatly developed for the middle-class people, there was a rapid growth in the reading public and an increasing demand for reading materials.Romantics made literary comments on the writers with high standards, which paved the way for the development of a new and valuable type of critical writings. Colerige, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures in this new development.Novel: the 2 major novelists of the period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.Gothic novel: a tyoe of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one of the Romantic movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion. With is description of the dark, irritional side of human nature, the Gothic form exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.3. Ballads: the most important form of popular literature; flourished during the 15th century; Most written down in 18th century; mostly written in quatrains; Most important is the Robin Hood ballads.4. Romanticism: it is romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832. Romanticists were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups.Some Romantic writers reflected the thinking of those classes which had been ruined by the bourgeoisie called Passive Romantic poets represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.Others expressed the aspiration of the labouring classes called Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets represented by Byron and Shelley and Keats.5. Lake Poets:Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England6. Byronic Hero a proud, mysterious rebelling figure of noble origin rights all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and is against any kind of tyrannical rules; It appeared first in Childe H arold’s Pilgrimage and then further developed in later works as the Oriental Tales, Manfred and Don Juan; the figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.7. Main Writers:A. William Blake(1757-1827):1. Literarily, Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a comtempt for the rule of reason, opposing the calssical tradition of the 18th century,and treasuring the individual’s imagination.2. His first printed work, Poetic Skelches, is a collection of youthful verse. Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.3. The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. The wretched child described in “The Chimney Sweeper,”orphaned, exploited, yet touched by visionary rapture, evokes unbearable poignancy when he finally puts his trust in the order of the universe as he knows it. Blake experimented in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries.4. The Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a malancholy tone. The little chinmney sweeper sings “notes of woe” while his parents go to the church and praise “God & his Priest & King”—the very intrument of their repression. A number of poems in the Songs of Experience also find a counterpart in the Songs of Experience. The 2 books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.5. Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the 2 books a strong social and historical reference. The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic ciecumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect “illusionary happiness;”the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.6. Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. The poem plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. Blake explores the relationship of the contrries. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence. The “Marriage”means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.Main works: Poetical SketchesSongs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poemsHoly Thursday reminds us terribly of a world of loss and institutional cruelty.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.Marriage of Heaven and HellThe book of UrizenThe Book of LosThe Four ZoasMilton7. Language Character: he writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.B. William Wordsworth(1770-1850) In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.Lyrical Ballads:But the Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strong sympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular, dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.Short poems:According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be calssified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.Wordsworth is regarde as a “worshipper of nature.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is perhaps the most anthologized poem in english literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.”Wordswoth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. “The Solitary Reaper” and “To a Highland Girl” use rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence ” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude.Wordsworth deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profoud poetry which no othr poet has ever equaled. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made.Main Works:Descriptive Sketches, and Evening WalkLyrical Ballads.The PreludePoems in Two VolumesOde: Intimations of ImmortalityResolution and Independence.The ExcursionPoets: The Sparrow’s Nest, To a Skylark, To the Cuckoo, To a Butterfly, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud( is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.), An Evening Walk, My Heart Leaps up, Tintern AbbeyThe ThornThe sailor’s motherMichael,The Affliction of MargaretThe Old Cumberland BeggarLucy PoemsThe Idiot BoyMan, the heart of man, and human life.The Solitary ReaperTo a Highland GirlThe Ruined CottageThe PreludeLanguage character: he can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. And he thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.He is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period. His is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity and one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly, sympathetically and naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to natureC. Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas, so he held a lifelong aversion to crulty, injusticce, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society, condemming war, tyranny and exploitation. He realized that the evil was also in man’s mind. Even after a revolution, that is after the restoration of human morality and creativity, the evil deep in man’s heart might again be loosed. So he predicated that only through gradual and suitable reforms of the existing institutions couls benevolence be universally established and none of the evils would survive in this “genuin society,”where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully.Shelley expressed his love of freedom and his hatredtoward tyranny in several of his lyrics. One of the greatest political lyrics is “Men of England.” It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to risse up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British Comuunist Party.Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” here Shelley’s rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becoms an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality. The whole poem had a logic of feeling,a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.”Main works:The Necessity of Atheism, Queen Mab: a Philosophical Poem, Alastor, or The Spirit of SolitudePoem: Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Mont BlancJulian and Maddalo, The Revolt of Islam, the Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, Hellas,Prose: Defence of PoetryLyrics:genuine society,“Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”, The Cloud, To a Shylark, Ode to the West WindPolitical lyrics: Men of EnglandElegy: Adonais is a elegy for John Keats’s early deathTerza rimaPersonal Characters: he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas under the influence of the free thinkers like Hume and Godwin, so he held a life long aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion andthe formal shams of respectable society, condemning war, tyranny and exploitation. He expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics such as “Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, and intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel. Or express what passionately moves us.D: Jane Austen(1755-1817): born in a country clergyman’s family:Main Works:Novel: Sense and SensibilityPride and Prejudice(the most popular)Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionThe WatsonsFragment of a NovelPlan of a NovelPersonal Characters: she holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear—sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.Her Works’ Characters: his works’s concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. It is her c onviction that a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career. Her thought is that if one wants to know about a man’s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wan ts to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home. Austen shows a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life. She write within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England. Concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Her novels’ structure is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the hig hest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. Her works’ at one delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature. With trenchant observation and in meticulous details, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English.G: Questions and answers:1. what are the characteristics of the Romantic literature? Please discuss the above question in relation to one or two examples.a. in poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.b. the romanticists not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration.c. they regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.d. romantics also tend to be nationalistic.2.Make a contrast between the two generations of Romantic poets during the Romantic AgeThe poetic ideals announced by Wordsworth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made up the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.3.what are Austen’s writing features?Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. Aust en’s work has a very narrow literary field. Her novels showa wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.4. what is the historical and cultural background of English Romanticism?a. Historically, it was provoked by the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution.b. Culturally, the publication of French philosopher Rousseau’s two books provided necessary guiding principles for the French Revolution which aroused great sympathy and enthusiasm in England;c. England experienced profound economic and social changes: the enclosure movement and the agricultural mechanization; the capitalist class grasped the political power and came to dominate the English society.H. topic discussion:1. Discuss the artistic features of Shelley’s poems.A. Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.B. His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speechD. He describes vividly what we see and feel, or expresses what passionately moves us.2. What does Wordsworth mean when he said “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility”?This sentence is considered as the principle of Wordsworth’s poetry c reation which was set forth in the preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth appealed directly on individual sensations, as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry.3. How do you describe the writing style of Jane Austen? What is the significance of her works?Jane Austen is a writer of the 18th century through she lived mainly in the 19th century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion, and moral principles. Austen’s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Austen defined her stories within a very narrow sphere.。
Wordworth & Shelly
Rhetorical devices
Simile: like the night of cloudless climes and ….
Alliteration: cloudless climes/starry skies/day denies/had half/which waves/serenely sweet/ so soft.
Central issue of concern: Wordsworth’s idea about the interaction between man and nature
Daffodils
Discussion Questions: What is the relationship between beautiful nature, as represented by the “golden daffodils”, and the poet’s mind?
Lecture 4 William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
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Samuel Taylor Colerture in the Romantic Age
Of all the major Romantic poets, Wordsworth and Coleridge were most closely related in life as well as in career. What do you know about the activities they were both involved in? Lyrical Ballads (1798) marked the beginning of the Romantic age.
Lecture 5 Lord Byron (1788-1827）
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.A. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version17. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version18. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27. After Reformation, _____ came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28. Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29. Father of modern astronomy is ____.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30. Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31. _____’s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging fromFreudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A. the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government33. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A. LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government34. The theme of _____ is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MolièreD. Descartes36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the ______A. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his mat erialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin ______A. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau’s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40. Which of the Lessing’s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama _____A. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgieD. Nathan the Wise41. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister’s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42. Among Schiller’s works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43. Kant’s years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44. It has been said that “ the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel ______.A. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46. In 1798, _______, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage _____A. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48. ______ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, ______ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49. The publication of Mickiewicz’s _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50. Beethoven’s _____ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller’s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951. _____ sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52. Based on _____ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54. In 1858 Darwin received a letter from _____, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55. Zola defined the theory of _____ and illustrated it in his great work entitled _____. naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56. ____ was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57. _____ holds an important position in his own country’s cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58. Among Ibsen’s masterpieces, _____ is a plea for the emancipation of wome n.A. GhostsB. A Doll’s HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59. Among Charles Dickens’s works, _____ has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60. _____, George Eliot’s masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61. The term “ impressionism” was taken directly from the title of _____ Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir’sB. Pissarro’sC. Manet’sD. Monet’s62. _____ was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. ______ reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CézanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64. In Freudian system, _____ is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65. . Eliot’s long poem _____ is his major contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66. _____ by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67. The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of _____ play Look Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osborne’sB. Kingsle y Amis’sC. Allen Ginsberg’sD. Jack Kerouac’s68. _____ poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osborne’sB. Kingsley Amis’sC. Allen Ginsberg’sD. Jack Keroua c’s69. _____ is known as the first “ cubist” novel: in his novels , one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera’s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70. _____ masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.A. Nathalie Sarraute’sB. Samuel Beckett’sC. Jean-Paul Sartre’sD. Alain Robbe-Grillet’sII．Match the names of Column A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column A Column B1. Sophocles a. the founder of the inductive method2. Democritus b. Don Giovanni3. Virgil c. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory4. Thomas Aquinas d. a universal genius5. Da Vinci e. The Execution of the Third of May6. John Calvin f. Eugene Onegin7. Andreas Vesalius g. the Oedipus complex8. Giorgio Vasari h. The Aeneid9. Goya i. Fabrica10. Percy Bysshe Shelley j. Prometheus Unbound11. Alessandro Manzoni k. Critique of Pure Reason12. Aleksander Pushkin l. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs13. Immanuel Kant m. Encyclopédie14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau n. the first to use the term Renaissance15. RenéDescartes o. Institutes of the Christian Religion16. Francis Bacon p. the supreme figure in scholasticism17. Nicolaus Copernicus q. The Betrothed18. Jean Racin r. The Social Contract19. Diderot s. Phaèdra20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart t. the founder of analytical geometry21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin22. da Vinci [ ] (b) Ten Commandments23. Galileo [ ] ( c ) the Cantos24. . Eliot [ ] (d) Elements25. Milton [ (e) Moll Flanders26. Defoe [ ] (f) Last Supper27. Pushkin [ ] (g) The Waste Land28. Mozart [ ] (h) Paradise Lost29. Moses [ ] ( i) The Marriage of Figaro30. Ezra Pound [ ] (j) the Starry Messenger21. Charlemagne [ ] (a) author of "The Red and the Black"22. Raphael [ ] (b) Polish astronomer23. Virgil [ ] (c) Emperor of the Romans24. Copernicus [ ] (d) Dutch Baroque painter25. Cromwell [ ] (e) author of the painting of Madonna26. Rembrandt [ ] (f) Latin poet27. Handel [ ] g) author of the poem "London"28. William Blake [ ] (h) Ulysses29. Stendhal [ ] (i) leader of the English revolution30. James Joyce [ ] (j) composer of Messiah21. Plato [ ] (a) the Society of Jesus22. Dante [ ] (b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific23. Ignatius [ ] (c) Dialogues24. Bacon [ ] (d) the mazurkas25. Engels [ ] e) The Counterfeiters26. James Joyce [ ] (f) Faust27. Shelley [ ] (g) the Divine Comedy28. Goethe [ ] (h) the Advancement of Learning29. Chopin [ ] (i) Ulysses30. Andre Gide [ ] (j) Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. 'all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.5. The Crusades were wars between __________.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the mouth of the AmazonD. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9. Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. l,aw of inertia.B. Law of falting bodies.C. Law of" relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA. The substitution of water power for human power.B. The introduction of machine.C. The beginning of the factory system.D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13. In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC. ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD. Schumann17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EliotD. William Butler Yeats20. regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. SholokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each) 2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law参考答案I. 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32. Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33. The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34. Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35. The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36. Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things.Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3) The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors. (4) Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.…。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结
以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPart V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治Southey 骚塞The Lake Poets1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）a leader of the romantic movement in England.①Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)It marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England(1)This is a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.(2)The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England.(3)It begins with Coleridge’s long poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”(“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)and ends with Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Many of the subjects of these poems deal with elements of nature such as birds,daffodils and simple rural folk.(5)The majority of poems in this collection were written by Wordsworth.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, a passionate love of nature and the simplicity and purity of the language.(6) Some of the best poems in the collection are:“Lines Written in Early Spring”(“早春诗行”),“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)“Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” (“丁登寺”).②Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》③“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” “独自漫游似浮云”=“The Daffodils”“水仙”Theme: 1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.④“The Solitary Reaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind⑥The Excursion 《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’s Principles of Poetry（feelings，commonplace things，the real language of man and deliberate simplicity，inner self, changed the ordinary speech of the language → return to nature.）2.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)Hours of Idleness 《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealing with childish recollections andearly friendship, showing the influence of 18th century traditions。
英美文学 - 填空题(记忆版)
II Fill in the blank1.Beowulf was written in 8th century.The existing manuscript of the poem is dated 10th century.The poem tell a story of a 6th century hero.2.Robin hood is a ballad .3.Geoffrey Chaucer is the first famous poet.4.The essence of Renaissance is humanism .The rebirth or revival of classical learning: Greek and Roman learning.It saw the beauty of human form and learned about the importance ofhuman life and human value . Man began to live for his own sake more than5.《乌托邦》)It offers the best ideal social system possible that could be offered at the time and it consists of 26.Edmund Spenser’)Style: epic poem7.Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet to the country.8.Christopher Marlow is the preeminent figure among University Wits.He is the greatest .《帖木儿大帝》)9.Ben Johnson is probably the first poet laureate (桂冠诗人).His death mourned as the end of the era (the Elizabethan Age).10.Glorious Revolution is the end of feudal rule of an absolute monarch.11.John Bunyan’《天路历程》) Style: Allegory12.John Dryden13.Thomas Gray’(《墓园挽歌》).It started the tradition of graveyard poetry in English and American literature.14.Richard Brinsley Sheridan is famous for hisHis 造谣学校》)listed as the most important plays in the 18thmade him famous and rich, and ultimately entitled him to a place inPoets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey (威斯敏斯特教堂).15.Oliver Goldsmith was a literary genius.He wrote in three genres including poetry, play and novel .16.The 18th century is a century, when Neoclassicism occupies the dominantplace in Britain Literature.17.The two most representative writers of Neoclassicism are Alexander Popeand Samuel Johnson .18.With William Blake and Robert Burn coming forth eventually on thescene, the stage was well set for a new generation of poets, the Romanticists.19.《天真之歌》)andeyes, those of a.20.)21.Alexander Pope is famous for use of heroic couplet .He cuts off feelings and22.Samuel Johnson23.Daniel Defoe’(《鲁滨逊漂流记》) which is a work of middle class24.Henry Fielding Called as Father of English fiction.His representative novels: Tom Jones (《汤姆琼斯》)and the Foundling (《弃儿》)He is the first writer to define novel as a prose epic （散文史诗）;Novel should be a representation of real life.Novel as a moral inculcation, a mirror and an immitation of nature and life.Truthful in representing the reality of human nature .25.“The child is father of the man” is oxymoron .26.Wordsworth and Coleridge are the most representative writers ofRomanticism.William Wordsworth published the famous Lyrical Ballad,（《抒情歌谣》）a volume verse.Samuel Taylor Coleridge is not only a great poet, but also a philosopher and a critic.《忽必烈汗》）27.Emerson’s a very important part in theintellectual (知识分子) history of the nation.28.Transcendentalists recognized nature as the “highest power of thesoul”29.Mark Twain Wrote most of his literary works with a vernacular language.30.The first autobiography in American literature is written by BenjaminFranklin.。
chapter6复习题答案
Chapter 6Directions: Please fill in the following blanks with appropriate information.1.English Romanticism is generally defined to begin in 1798 with the publication of WilliamWordsworth and Samuel Coleridge’s _________________, and end in 1832 with ______________’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in Parliament. (Lyrical Ballads, Sir Walter Scott)2.The Romanticists split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward thecapitalist society. Some romanticists reflected the thinking of those classes which had been ruined by the bourgeoisie. They returned to the feudal past and idealized the life of the Middle Ages to protest against capitalist development. They are considered to be conservative and passive romanticists who are represented by ____________, ____________, and ___________. (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey)3.Other romanticists expressed the aspiration of the laboring classes. They held out an ideal offuture society free from oppression and exploitation. They were the firm supporters of the French Revolution, who are represented by ____________, ____________, and ____________. They are considered to be radical and active romanticists. (George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelly, John Keats)4.Unlike enlighteners who celebrate reason and rationality, romanticists paid great attentionto the spiritual and emotional life of man. Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works. They are characterized with 5 I’s: _________, _________, _________, _________, and _________. (imagination, intuition, idealism, inspiration, individuality)5.“All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling …recollected intranquility”is the poetry principle proclaimed by Wordsworth. It’s taken from _______________, the publishing of which marks the beginning of British Romanticism.(Lyrical Ballads)6.______________ is considered “the father of the historical novel”which opens up tofiction the rich and lively realm of history. He is best known for his work___________. (Sir Walter Scott, Ivanhoe)7.The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the RomanticPeriod is _________. (poetry)8.Romanticism declined in the mid ________ century. Romantic poetry gave way to_________ works and romantic prose was superseded by ________ and ________ in the mid to late 19th century. (19th, symbolist, naturalism, realism )9.Pre-romanticism and Romanticism originated among the conservative groups of men ofletters as a reaction against Enlightenment and found its most expression in the“Gothic novel”. But the more important pre-romanticist writers are the two famous poets, ____________and ___________. (William Blake, Robert Burns)10.___________________is regarded as the founder and forerunner of pre-romanticism. Hisworks are reputed for its originality and inventiveness in form and techniques. (William Blake)11.Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century, ___________ is the most independent and themost original. His best poems are collected in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.(William Blake)12.The best of William Blake’s short poems are to be found in these two little collections oflyrics, __________________and ____________________. The former depicts the happy condition of a child before it knows about the pains of existence, in which lies the beauty and virtues, while the latter with an entirely different theme, draw pictures of the distress and sufferings of the miserable.(Songs of Innocence, S ongs of Experience)13.The stanza “A little black thing in the snow, /Crying “’weep! ’weep!” in notes of woe!/“Where are thy father and mother Say!”/ - “They are both gone up to the church to pray. /”is taken from _____________by __________. In this poem, the color images of ________ and _______ make a perfect comparison. (“The Chimney Sweeper”, William Blake, black, white)14.___________ is regarded as the native poet of Scotland, who wrote in the Scottish dialect.He also created many lyrics praising nature, love, and friendship. Most of them are collected in the anthology ____________. (Robert Burns; Poems ,Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect)15.The rhyme scheme in the stanza “Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, /And the rocks melt wi’the sun! /And I will luve thee still, my dear, / While the sands o’life shall run.”is ____________. (a-b-a-b)16.In the stanza “Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North, / The birthplace of Valor, thecountry of Worth; / Wherever I wander, wherever I rove, / The hills of the Highlands foreverI love.”, “farewell”, “valor”, and “rove”respectively mean _________, _________, and_________. (“say goodbye”, “courage” or “bravery”, “wander” or “roam”)17.___________ wrote some patriotic poems, in which he expressed his deep love for hismotherland, such as “My Heart’s in the Highlands”. (Robert Burns)18.__________, __________, and __________ are referred to as the “Lake Poets” because theylived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England. (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey)19.In “She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways”,________depicts a life of obscurity about abeautiful girl named _________. (William Wordsworth, Lucy)20.The stanza “No Nightingale did ever chaunt / More welcome notes to weary bands, / Oftravelers in some shady haunt, / Among Arabian sands: /A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard / In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, / Breaking the silence of the sea /Among the farthest Hebrides.”is taken from _________by _________. Here, “chaunt”, “weary”, and “shady haunt” respectively mean _________, _________, and _________. (“The Solitary Reaper”, William Wordsworth, “chant”, “tired” , “oasis in the desert”)21.___________ is probably the best poet of Lake Poets in depicting nature. His “Daffodils”,also called ______________ described his unexpected encounter with the daffodils sparkling beside the lake. (William Wordsworth, “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”)22.In 1824, the Revolutionary Romantic poet ________went to Greece to help that country inits struggle for liberty against Turks. Not long, he died of fever there. (George Gordon Byron)23.George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: Childe Harold’s Pilgrimageand ________. (Don Juan)24.As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the _________, a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, strong build, with disrespect for privilege or tradition and an idealism to right all the wrong in a corrupt society. The figure is, to some extent, modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad. (Byronic Hero)25.As one of the active Romanticists in England, __________was gentle and kind by nature. Heglorified freedom, exposed tyranny and expressed his sympathy for the oppressed. His best poem is often believed to be _______________, in which the west wind is seen as the embodiment of revolution spirit. (Percy Bysshe Shelley; “Ode to the West Wind”)26.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”is an epigrammatic [ epɡr'mtk]line by___________. (P. B. Shelley)27.The plot of Shelley’s lyrical drama __________________ is borrowed from a play of theGreek tragedian Aeschylus. (Prometheus Unbound)28.The rhetoric device used in “Drive my dead thoughts over the universe / Like withered leavesto quicken a new birth!” is _____________. (simile/personification)29.____________ (a poetic form) are generally regarded as Keats’ most important and matureworks. (The odes)30.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty.” is a famous line from “Ode on a Grecian Urn” by _________.(John Keats)31.During the Romantic period, American literature began to flourish and shook free from thedependence on English literature, which is called America’s __________________.(Renaissance)32.The center of America’s Romanticism is in _________________. America’s Romanticismfound its main expression in ___________. Ralph Waldo Emerson is regarded as the founder and cheerleader of New England Transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism.With its emphasis on spirit and individualism, Transcendentalism made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. (New England, Transcendentalism)33.In “The Poetic Principle”,Edgar Allan Poe declares __________is the aim of poetry and___________is the most perfect tone. He concludes _______and _______ could make intimate alliance, thus the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetic is a poem in memory of a beautiful woman, which is a perfect combination of _______ and _______.(beauty, melancholy, death and beauty, “To Helen”, death and beauty)34.In the s tanza “Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche / How statue-like I see thee stand, / Theagate lamp within thy hand! / Ah, Psyche, from the regions which /Are Holy Land!”, “thee”, “Psyche”and “Holy Land”respectively mean __________, __________, and __________.(“you”, “soul”(Psyche is the personification of the soul in Greek mythology), the biblical region of Palestine)35.To some extent, it can be said that modern American poetry is to find its sources in the twofounts, __________ and __________, two best-known American poets in the 19th century.Thematically, they both extolled America’s expansion, individualism, and Americanness. In technique, they both showed great independence. (Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson)36.______________, the most distinguished American poet in the 19th century, is a self-madepoet. His masterpiece_________ reflects all the American ideas in that age: its expansion, democracy, individualism, self-reliance, etc. (Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass)37.Walt Whitman is the first American poet to use ____________ in poetry. His language isplain, accessible; the use of such rhetoric devices as __________ and __________ renders his poetry expressive and persuasive. Thus Leaves of Grass is reputed as ___________. (free verse, repetition, parallelism, theBibleofDemocracy)38.“O Captain! My Captain”is a poem written by _________, in which “Captain”refers to___________, who was assassinated. (Walt Whitman, President Abraham Lincoln)39.As the most renowned poetess in the 19th of America, ____________ differs from Whitmanin a variety of ways. Unlike Whitman who keeps his eye on society at large, she explores the inner life of individuals. (Emily Dickinson)40.In the stanza “How dreary to be somebody! / How public, like a frog / To tell your name thelivelong day / To an adm iring Bog!”, the figure of speech used in “like a frog” is __________.(simile)。
判断题-英国文学
1.The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabledher in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the Spanish Invincible Armada. T2.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a politicalguise. F3.Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholicchurches. F4.Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers18—126, and Numbers 127—154. T5.Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues. T6.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time. T7.To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the funny,the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) and tragic with the comic. T8.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters betw een More andHythloday, a voyage. F9.Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upperclass was the dominant force in Elizabethan theatre. T10.From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a greatinterest in the political questions of his time. T11.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing aprocess of prosperity. F12.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age ofprose. F13.Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society. F14.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole. F15.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a greatpoet whole name is William Milton. F16.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama. F17.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was thegreatest one. F18.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is written in heroic couplets.F19.The 18th century was an age of poetry. A group of excellent prose writers, such asJonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, were produced. F20.Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters in thenovels were no longer common people, but the kings and nobles. F21.The 19th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into two groups: thesentimentalist novelists and the realist novelist. F22.Robert Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the English dialect ona variety of subjects. F23.My Hea rt’s in the Highlands is one of the best known poems written by RobertBurns in which he pored his unshakable love for his homeland. T24.Many of Goldsmith’s poems were put to music. F25.Pre-romanticism is ushered by Burns and Blake and represented by Percy,Macpherson and Chatterton. F26.English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century. F27.Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists. T28.After composing the Lucy poems, Wordsworth began his The Prelude . T29.P.B. Shelley gaine d his nickname, “Mad Shelley〞because of his independentand rebellious attitude. T30.Lyrical Ballads begins with Coleridge’s long poem, “Tintern Abbey〞. F31.Many of the subjects of the poems in Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of nature.T32.Coleridge wrote the majority of poems in Lyrical Ballads. F33.Wordsworth’s“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud〞has another name, Growth of aPoet’s Mind. F34.The Prelude is a long and autobiographical poem considered as Coleridge’smasterpiece. F35.Some romantic writers stood on the side of the feudal forces and even combinedthemselves with those forces. T36.Wordsworth and Coleridge are revolutionary Romantic poets. F37.Byron and Shelley and Keats are known as the romantic poets of the secondgeneration. T38.The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. T39.Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art. T40.The story of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound was taken from Roman mythology. F41.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poetin the English language. T42.Byron’s Don Juan begins with descriptions of the hero’s childhood. T43.Byron’s literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressivemovements of his age. T44.Byron opposed oppression and slavery, and has a passionate love for liberty. T45.Wordsworth drew inspirations from the mountains and lakes. T46.Dickens’ The Pickwick Papers gives a rather comprehensive picture of early 19thcentury England. T47.Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller were two major characters in The Pickwick Paperswhich aroused the interests of the readers. T48.In Oliver Twist, Dickens makes his readers aware of the inhumanity of country lifeunder capitalism. F49.The title Bleak House is not only the name of a house but is also an apt (贴切的)description of the society of the time. T50.Hard Times is a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education and ethics(论理学，道德学) and on utilitarianism (功利主义〕. T51.A Tale of Two Cities takes the Industrial Revolution as the subject. F52.The theme underlying A Tale of Two Cities is the idea “Where there is oppression,there is revolution.〞T53.The story of Tess is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom. T54.Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book of Jude theObscure. F55.James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the “streamof consciousness〞school. T56. With the establishment of the Jacobin dictatorship in France, Wordsworth’s attitude toward revolution changed into active. ( F )57．In the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling〞. ( F )58. Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England in the period (1798---1832) ( F )59. The ideals of French Revolution are liberty, democracy, and equality. ( F )6. The brilliant literary criticism “Biographia Literaria〞is written by Wordsworth. ( F )60. A Tale of Two Cities belongs to the first writing phase of Dickens’s career, and the two cities are London and Paris. ( F )61. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School of Modernism. ( T )62. The Rainbow is D. H. Lawrence’s autobiographical work. ( T )63. Chaucer employed the heroic couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury tales. T64. Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categories according to dramatic type: histories, comedies, tragedies and romances. T65. John Milton’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting among the fallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. T66. “ Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, / And the ro cks melt wi’ the sun: / I will luve thee still, my dear, / While the sands of life shall run.〞The above lines are taken from the famous poem “Scots Wha Hae〞. F67. In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living in Houyhnynms. T68. As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1789 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads. F69. Odes a re generally regarded as Keats’ most important and mature works. T70. Wuthering Heights is written by Ann Bronte. It is a morbid story of love, but a powerful attack on the bourgeois marriage system. F71.The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle betweenProtestant and Catholicism. T72.The Bible was notably translated into English by the Protestants. T73.Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a greatinfluence on English language and literature. T74.Rationalism is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized thecapacities of human mind and the achievements of human nature. F75.Sonnets contain Italian sonnets and Shakespeare sonnets. T76.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its novel. F77.In the 16th century, London became the centre of English drama. T78.In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no actress and women’s parts were alwaystaken by boys. T79.Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English neo-classicism. F80.The Pilgrim’s Progress gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which isthe symbol of London at the time of Restoration. T81.John Milton’s masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrative inwhich general concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world. F82.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece The Pilgrim’s Progress. F83.English enlighteners believed in the emmotion. F84.English enlighteners believed that social problems could be dealt with by humanintelligence. T85.Sameul Johnson’s A Dictionary of English Language also marked the end ofEnglish writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. T86.In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labo r. T87.In a sense, in English Romantic Age, literature equaled poetry. T88.William Wordsworth was influenced by the American Independence War. F89.Many subjects of Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of nature. T90.Lyrical Ballads a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Southey. F91.The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England. T92.The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with classcism. T93.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer RobertSoughey died. F94.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: Walter Scott and JaneAusten. T95.In 1817, Samuel Taylor Coleridge finished his literary criticism, BiographiaLiteraria. T96.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by t he simplicity of his language. T97.The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is Coleridge’s masterpiece.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. T98.On the death of Robert Southey in 1843, Wordsworth was made poet laureate. T99.George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: One is ChildeHarold’s Pilgrimage, the other is Don Juan. T100.Dickens’ writings from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful optimism. T101.Dickens’ writings from 1842 to 1850 show the character of excitement and irritation. T102.Dickens’ writings from 1852 to 1870 show the feature of optimism. F。
06 浪漫主义与布莱克、彭斯、华兹华斯
“And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God & his priest and king, Who make up a heaven of our misery.”
抑扬格 iambic
抑抑扬格 anapestic
Meter: 四步抑扬格为主，兼有抑抑扬格 Rhyme：ABAB为主，兼有AABB Irregularity不工整（浪漫诗韵律之自由灵活）
• A little black thing among the snow, Crying “‘weep! ’weep!” in notes of woe! “Where are thy father & mother? Say!”-“They are both gone up to the church to pray.
• • • •
• • • •
In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fi-re of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire?
And what shoulder, and what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? And what dread feet?
第六讲 wordsworth and Coleridge
“I Wondered Lonely As a Cloud”
我 犹 如 独一 自朵 漫云 ， 游
华 兹 华 斯
Questions:
2. What does the image of the cloud suggest
to you?
3. What has cheered the poet up? And how? 4. What is the relationship between the poet and nature? 5. Pay attention to the tense used in this poem. What does it indicate?
她们旁边的波浪也在起舞； 但她们的欢快胜过闪耀的波浪； 有这么欢快的水仙花作陪， 一个诗人只能感到快乐； 我一直凝视，凝视，很少思考 这样的景色给我带来了怎样的财富
For oft,
| when on |my couch |I lie In va|cant or |in pen|sive mood, They flash |upon| that in|ward eye Which is| the bliss |of so|litude; And then| my heart| with plea|sures fills, And dan|ces with |the da|ffodils.
iambic tetrameter 四步抑扬格 rhyme scheme: ababcc. Meter: iambic tetrameter.
Iambic tetrameter : a line consists of four iambic feet. tetrameter :there are four feet in the line; each line starts with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed Syllable: iambus. eg: I wan/dered lone/ly as /a cloud
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连绵不断 就像银河里闪烁的星星一样， 她们沿着湖湾的边缘一直延伸， 无边无尽： 我只一瞥就看见一万朵 一边飘舞一边轻盈地点头。
personification
The waves| beside| them danced, |but they Out-did |the spark|ling waves |in glee: A po|et could |not but |be gay In such |a jo|cund com|pany: I gazed —|and gazed |— but litt|le thought What wealth |the show |to me |had brought:
Wordsworth
, Coleridge and another poet Robert Southey who also lived in the Lake District, the three men became known as the "Lake Poets." Honors: poet laureate in 1843 Death: Wordsworth died at Rydal Mount, April 23, 1850, and was buried in the Grasmere churchyard.
C. Life-long friendship with Wordsworth
In the spring of 1797, Coleridge met and began his long friendship with William Wordsworth. Falling under Wordsworth's spell, Coleridge's creative energies were awakened and he began to devote himself to poetry writing. In 1798, the two men published a joint volume of poetry. Lyrical Ballads, which became a landmark in English poetry. Coleridge’s poem, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” was included in the volume. The years 1797 and 1798 were among the most fruitful of Coleridge’s life. In addition to “The Ancient Mariner”, he wrote “Kubia Khan”, and “The Nightingale”," which are considered to be his best “conversational” poems.
iambic tetrameter 四步抑扬格 rhyme scheme: ababcc. Meter: iambic tetrameter.
Iambic tetrameter : a line consists of four iambic feet. tetrameter :there are four feet in the line; each line starts with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed Syllable: iambus. eg: I wan/dered lone/ly as /a cloud
当我躺在沙发上，常常 不论心事沉重，还是思绪空荡， 那片水仙花总闪现在我心中 我那孤独快乐的心灵中 然后我的心就充满了快乐， 并和那些水仙花一起跳起舞来。
III. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1. His Biographical Information
A.
B. C.
D.
A lonely, sad and mentally precocious boy Enlisted in the 15th Dragoon Life-long friendship with William Wordsworth An Opium Addict
Passive Romantic Poets
William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
(1770-1850)
Life of Wordsworth
Birth
place: born and grew up in a lawyer’s family at Cockermouth in the English Lake District His mother died when he was only eight. His father followed her six years later. He was then taken by his uncles. 1787-1791, St. John’s College of Cambridge with his uncle’s financial aids and received B.A.degree.
Main works
Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》，1798. a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge. The publication of Lyrical Ballads marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement in England. பைடு நூலகம் 2. Poems on Nature and Country Life “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud “独自漫游似 浮云” “The Daffodils” “The Solitary Reaper” “孤独的收割者”
Family:
Education:
Experiences:
1790-1792, he twice visited France and was fired by a passionate belief of French Revolution and the republican ideal . And It was there that he had a love affair with Annette Vallon who bore him a daughter shortly before his return to England. Lake poets: Disappointed with the French Revolution, Wordsworth chose to live in the Lake District with his sister Dorothy. In 1797, he made friends with Coleridge and they became very good friends. They collaborated on a book of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
B. Enlisted in the 15th Dragoon
However, he found the school an excellent one, for it gave him the intellectual nurture he needed, as well as a lifelong friend, Charles Lamb. But the university life at Cambridge bored him. He fell into idleness, had trouble with his instructor, and got into debt. In despair, he betook himself to London and enlisted in the 15th Dragoon, but was discharged after a few months and returned to Cambridge, where he finished his study however, but left without a degree.
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我好似一朵流云独自流浪 I wan|dered lone|ly as| a cloud That floats |on high |o’er vales |and hills, When all |at once |I saw| a crowd, A host, |of gold|en da|ffodils; Beside |the lake, |beneath| the trees, Fluttering |and dancing |in the breeze.
A. Lonely, sad and mentally precocious boy
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (17721834) was born in Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, the son of a clergyman. At the age of nine, his father died. One year later he was sent away to school at Christ’s Hospital in London and seldom went back home. He was a lonely, sad and mentally precocious boy,
Inspired by the radical thinkers with their idealism, Coleridge joined Robert Southey in a Utopian plan of establishing an ideal democratic community in America, named “Pantisocracy”. The plan resulted in nothing but his marriage to Sara Fricker, which turned out to be an unhappy one.