2018专八真题解析

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2018年英语专业八级真题及答案

2018年英语专业八级真题及答案Mini-lecture1species2intellengence3learn from others4more elegant5wisdom6accumulation8efforts~~包~guo+扣扣21046907811benefits cooperation12establish identily14cooperation15solveMINI1.tradition2.subjective3.integrating4.more elegant5.profits of companies6.multipleMini-lecture1species2intellengence3learn from others4more elegant5wisdom包~guo+扣扣2104690786accumulation8efforts11benefits cooperation12establish identily14cooperation15solve改错1The.2 Like3 smaller 4 while 5 rise 6 But 7The 8are 9whil e 10Under Standing。

阅读，11A 12c 13b 14c 15d 16到20ABBDA 21到24 AABB 包~guo+扣扣21046907825. He think it‘s government’s responsibility26.Australia prefer British migrants27.Choosing differently between these two languages can havetotally different influence on the speaker28. There are two good reasons: asymmetrical ability and pr iming.包~guo+扣扣21046907811、澳大利亚人希望移民有很强的流动性，因为移民加速经济的增长，而失业率下降到一个低水平的移民，而外国的首都奥斯特拉西亚则和美国一样大。

2018专八真题解析

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一[20 M1NJPAK1 n JKA\JSI.AU<^Trun\kitc fhe ufuitrlimtl pari t/f rhe It'.rf fnun ('hinese info Fn吵询.何制尸trumfar^n 何A V.s H A/Z \HEk T HfREE «文―起昭便我灯的内Cf可以达到这样的擁’繼勰恥煎感*生活不如童时.戈聲书1»舞我们養供「“以迖到卅比塚宾咀h打I傀界沁弟叭即的木町tfe比我训曼先生活中的冰薪捕，犬比般心城实中时天要运「理实中没f 籃的辽节.扪杵.”吧仃氷價曲t最山恰埒祝英柠》押（岁常戏打朱渦叫汕ijt恢盘弼补找们现赏哇话申所存在的彳; 班和削艇： H2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps :作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”1. formal innovation2. rapport3. atte nding sect ion4. writing long papers5. high nu mbers6. being filmed7. comparable questio ns8. a n atural order9. figure out10. s e nsitiveIl.repeat ing12.i ntegrate into13.lo gical or n atural14. edit ing15. fu ndame ntal eleme nts听力：1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2. [A] he's made up his mind to cha nge some of his passwords.3. in truders are patie nt eno ugh to compute.4. [D] The US takes up the leadi ng edge of tech no logy.5. [A] Why not to write dow n passwords on no tebooks6. [D] the developme nt of gen etic tests is out of people's expectati on.7. [C] misgivi ng.8. [A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9. [D] Alie nated.10. stre ngthe n its supervisi on with in limits.阅读：11. [C] they are lack ing in skills required by certa in jobs.12. [A] was a pion eer in the welfare state of Great Brita in.13. the frailties of huma n n ature.14. [D] appeara nee.15. [C] the pursuit of econo mic ben efit16. [A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available the n.19. [A] Domi nant.20. [D] was in agreeme nt with.21. [C] frow ns upo n22. [A] ben efited from the oppositi on party's bill.23. [D] Joh n McCain supports the bill due to his political sta ndpo int.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25. Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26. The an alogy rests on the market economy 。

2018专八真题解析

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps：作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”！1.formal innovation2.rapport3.attending section4.writing long papers5.high numbers6.being filmedparable questions8.a natural order9.figure out10.sensitive11.repeating12.integrate into13.logical or natural14.editing15.fundamental elements听力：1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2.[A] he's made up his mind to change some of his passwords.3. intruders are patient enough to compute.4.[D] The US takes up the leading edge of technology.5.[A] Why not to write down passwords on notebooks6.[D] the development of genetic tests is out of people's expectation.7.[C] misgiving.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9.[D] Alienated.10. strengthen its supervision within limits.阅读：11.[C] they are lacking in skills required by certain jobs.12.[A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain.13. the frailties of human nature.14.[D] appearance.15.[C] the pursuit of economic benefit16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available then.19.[A] Dominant.20.[D] was in agreement with.21.[C] frowns upon22.[A] benefited from the opposition party's bill.23.[D] John McCain supports the bill due to his political standpoint.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25.Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26.The analogy rests on the market economy。

2018年专八真题阅读理解第一篇的难点注释

2018年专八真题阅读理解第一篇的难点注释2018年专八阅读理解难点注释第一篇、1.Department of Immigration-- 澳大利亚移民局。

从2017年12月20日起它已更名为Department of Home Affairs，简称DHA。

澳大利亚内务事务部2.close on接近3.assisted passage援助移民4.migrate移居5.proceed续进行：进行或前进6.ambitious雄心勃勃的7.envisage/ ɪn`vɪzɪdʒ /展望; 想像8.mineral采自地下的任何物质; （尤指）金属矿石9.injection注入10.exploit利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）11.continental United States美国大陆，美国本土，不包括阿拉斯加，夏威夷，其他美属太平洋岛。

12.descent出身; 血统13.recruit招聘14.frontier国界15.subsidized passage补贴移民，补助移民16.drawback缺点17.integration与社区融合（尤指种族间）18.continental migrant欧洲大陆移民（continental 指）19.gravitate•（受到或好象受到一种无法抗拒的力量的吸引）移向20.colony侨居地21.avow公开宣称/ əˈvau;22.substantially大体上23.homogeneous/ ˏhɔməˈdʒiːnɪəs/同质化社会24.by and large大体上; 基本上25.selective挑挑拣拣的26.cause of concern令人担忧的问题27.country of origin原籍国,出生国28.return fare返程票29.outside lavatory室外卫生间30.crudity粗鲁 /'kruːdɪtɪ/31.stark荒凉的; 光秃秃的32.council housing-- (美国称为 public housing•)33.houses or flats owned by the government for which the rent is lower than homes that are privately owned公租房34.National Health scheme国民医疗服务制度，英国的医保35.housebound困居家中的36.inadequate不充分的37.outlying偏僻的, 边远的38.correspondence通信,信件往来39.Housing Commission home 澳大利亚联邦住房委员会的廉租房40.wage packet--薪金或工资（美国用法：paycheck）the money that you earn, especially when it is given to you in notes and coins in an envelope41.qualification--（获得的）学位, 文凭, 证书, 执照等42.anything but根本不,决不43.rosy picture美好的景象44.Aussie澳洲人 /'ɔ:si:; 'ɔzi/45.blow one's own trumpet 自吹自擂46.go down heart-break alley 步入伤心路47.expansive开放的，慷慨的。

2018专八真题解析.pdf

去掉 the
翻译：文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。美感不用说，生活不如意时，文学书籍给我们提供了可以达到一种比现实更美好的境界——书里面的水可能比我们现实中的水要清，天比我们现实中的天要蓝；现实中没有完美的爱情，但书里面有永恒的《梁山伯与祝英台》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。读书，会弥补我们现实生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙。译文 At least literature enhance our souls to
7.[C] misgiving.
8.[A] improve self-discipline
of the
industry.
9.[D] Alienated.
10. strengthen its supervision within
limits.
阅读：
11.[C] they are lacking in skills required by certain jobs. 12.[A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain. 13. the frailties of human nature. 14.[D] appearance. 15.[C] the pursuit of economic benefit 16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town. 17. She was a girl of frail and weak body. 18. the actresses were not available then. 19.[A] Dominant. 20.[D] was in agreement with. 21.[C] frowns upon 22.[A] benefited from the opposition

2018专八真题解析

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一PAR I t\ JKA\SI.AUON ■au "*™2018TEM8作文：追求完美好还是不好ps :作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”1. formal innovation2. rapport3. atte nding sect ion4. writing long papers5. high nu mbers6. being filmed7. comparable questions _| 8. a n atural order 9. figure out 10. se nsitive 11. repeat ing 12.i ntegrate into 13.lo gical or n atural 14. edit ing15. fu ndame ntal eleme nts听力：1. The in itial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2. [A] he's made up his mind to cha nge some of his passwords.3. in truders are patie nt eno ugh to compute.4. [D] The US takes up the leadi ng edge of tech no logy.5. [A] Why not to write dow n passwords on no tebooks6. [D] the developme nt of gen etic tests is out of people's expectati on.7.[C] misgivi ng.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.H 以込再：'呀「我字和 L 悄「i.活牛如思 2时*眾便广对以达出j■ sj ； diI 110 4-L-i 心，.止■ .A®II冲的尺 t-j b-jp买屮汝卉完英的唆悄.但在书吧仃如IIt M J LHNMX请彳•滴补我们规实加涵川所存住的不rnirtvkitc fht* itmiiTbtwil part t/f rhe fa/lftwittg ic.rf frrttn 「hhw 怦 mt ft Enfili'ih lf hium an A V5H E ff \HEET iifRt. i. «tJJ曲阅读：11. [C] they are lack ing in skills required by certa in jobs.12. [A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain.13. the frailties of huma n n ature.14. [D] appeara nee.15. [C] the pursuit of econo mic ben efit16. [A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available the n.19. [A] Domi nant.20. [D] was in agreeme nt with.21. [C] frow ns upo n22. [A] ben efited from the oppositi on party's bill.23. [D] Joh n McCain supports the bill due to his political sta ndpo int.24. deceitful30. Th ings have cha nged with the passage of time.31. Discouraged about not gett ing a full professorship at Hopk ins32.1 deology was propelled by an inten sely held religious doctri ne 改错:1. acclaim claim2. spread polluted3. attributed 前加been4. 去掉on5.1 ndustry in dustries10.c on siderate con siderable第一部分：大猩猩与人类语言学习关键词：Different Ian guage's'Social lear ningRepeat simplyAccumulate ideasSystem's' of com muni cati onAvailableIde ntityKno wledge protect ionIsolati on第二部分（选择题）：主题：阿富汗大选，题目（未按顺序）：1. 本期采访的主题（答案：阿富汗大选）2. 为什么要宣布阿富汗大选结果3. 被采访者是怎么认为的，态度4. 被采访者认为双方候选人应做些什么]5. 双方的支持率（答案注意听数字）6•阿富汗大选被揭露为骗局，这个骗局是由谁负责的改错:翻译：文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。

专八真题解析精编版

2018-2019年英语专八真题及答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2018)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIIT：150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（25MIN）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview.The interview will be divided into TWO parts.At the end of each part,five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause,you should read the four choices of[A],[B],[C],and[D],and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now listen to Part One of the interview.Questions1to5are based on Part One of the interview.1.[A]Announcement of results.[B]Lack of a time schedule.[C]Slowness in ballots counting.[D]Direction of the electoral events.2.[A]Other voices within Afghanistan wanted so.[B]The date had been set previously.[C]All the ballots had been counted.[D]The UN advised them to do so.3.[A]To calm the voters.[B]To speed up the process.[C]To stick to the election rules.[D]To stop complaints from the labor.4.[A]Unacceptable.[B]Unreasonable.[C]Insensible.[D]Ill-considered.5.[A]Supportive.[B]Ambivalent.[C]Opposed.[D]Neutral.Now listening to Part Two of the interview.Questions6to10are based on Part Two of the interview.6.[A]Ensure the government includes all parties.[B]Discuss who is going to be the winner.[C]Supervise the counting of votes.[D]Seek support from important sectors.7.[A]36%-24%.[B]46%-34%.[C]56%-44%.[D]66%-54%.8.[A]Both candidates.[B]Electoral institutions.[C]The United Nations.[D]Not specified.9.[A]It was unheard of.[B]It was on a small scale.[C]It was insignificant.[D]It occurred elsewhere.10.[A]Problems in the electoral process.[B]Formation of a new government.[C]Premature announcement of results.[D]Democracy in Afghanistan.PARTⅡREADING COMPREHENSION（45MIN）SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions.For each multiple choice question,there are four suggested answers marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)“Britain’s best export,”I was told by the Department of Immigration in Canberra,“is people.”Close on100,000people have applied for assisted passages in the first five months of the year,and half of these are eventually expected to migrate to Australia.(2)The Australian are delighted.They are keenly ware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged.The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future,and the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited,but with unemployment in Australia down to less than1.3per cent,the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.(3)Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States,but has only twelve million inhabitants.Migration has accounted for half the population increase in the last four years,and has contributed greatly to the country’s impressive economic development.Britain has always been the principal source–ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent,and Britain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.(4)Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere.Australians decided they had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called“guest workers”who have crossed their own frontiers to work in other arts of Europe.There were estimated to be more than four million of them,and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobs in Australia.Italy has for some years been the second biggest source of migrants,and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks and Germans.(5)One drawback with them,so far as the Australians are concerned,is that integration tends to be more difficult.Unlike the British,continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs.Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities such as Sydney and Melbourne.These colonies have their own newspapers,their own shops,and their own clubs.Their inhabitants are not Australians,but Europeans.(6)The government’s avowed aim,however,is to maintain“a substantially homogeneous society into which newcomers,from whatever sources,will merge themselves”.By and large,therefore,Australia still prefers British migrants,and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others.(7)A far bigger cause of concerns than the growth of national groups,however,is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin.One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more mobile,and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare,but economic conditions also have something to do with it.A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent–and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe,a lot of people tend to feel that perhaps they were wrong to come here after all.(8)Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home.One noted that “flies,dirt,and outside lavatories”were on the list of complaints from British immigrants,and added that many people also complained about“the crudity,bad manners,and unfriendliness of the Australians”.Another survey gave climate conditions,homesickness,and“the stark appearance of the Australian countryside”as the main reasons for leaving.(9)Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme,and their relatives and former neighbor.Loneliness is a big factor,especially among housewives.The men soon make new friends at work,but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life.Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs,and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent.One housewife was quoted recently as saying:“I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home.”(10)Rent are high,and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes.Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough.The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big,and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job.Above all,perhaps,skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.(11)According to the journal Australian Manufacturer,the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly.“We Australians,”it stated in a recent issue,“are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big,warm-hearted Aussie.As a matter of fact,we are so busy blowing our own trumpets that we have not not time to be warm-hearted and considerate.Go down‘heart-break alley’among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants.”11.The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because.[A]Immigrants speed up economic expansion[B]unemployment is down to a low figure[C]immigrants attract foreign capital[D]Australia is as large as the United States12.Australia prefers immigrants from Britain because.[A]they are selected carefully before entry[B]they are likely to form national groups[C]they easily merge into local communities[D]they are fond of living in small towns13.In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author.[A]stresses their economic motives[B]emphasizes the variety of their motives[C]stresses loneliness and homesickness[D]emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty14.which of the following words is used literally,not metaphorically?[A]“flow”(Para.2).[B]“injection”(Para.2).[C]“gravitate”(Para.5).[D]“selective”(Para.6).15.Para.11pictures the Australians as.[A]unsympathetic[B]ungenerous[C]undemonstrative[D]unreliablePASSAGE TWO(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving“executive function”(which involves the brain’s ability to plan and prioritize),better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language.One purported advantage was not mentioned, though.Many multilinguals report different personalities,or even different worldviews,when they speak their different languages.(2)It’s an exciting notion,the idea that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or morelanguages.In obvious ways(exposure to new friends,literature and so forth)the self really is broadened.Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language.A former Economist colleague,for example,reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English.So what is going on here?(3)Benjamin Lee Whorf,an American linguist who died in1941,held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers.Often called“Whorfianism”,this idea has its sceptics,but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.(4)This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly,most people are not symmetrically bilingual.Many have learned one language at home from parents,and another later in life,usually at school.So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language.For example, when tested in a foreign language,people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer)than when tested in their native language.In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking.No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser,more spontaneous,perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter,in the language they were reared in from childhood.(5)What of“crib”bilinguals,raised in two languages?Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages.But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability,there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages.This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.(6)Many bilinguals are not bicultural.But some are.And of those bicultural bilinguals,we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages.Experiments in psychology have shown the power of“priming”—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways.Asking people to tell a happy story,for example,will put them in a better mood.The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English,for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York,might conjure feelings of family and home.Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.(7)So there are two very good reasons(asymmetrical ability,and priming)that make people feel different speaking their different languages.We are still left with a third kind of argument,though.An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero,Athanasia Chalari,said for example that: Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often.The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax.When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.(8)Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt?People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages’inherent properties,and how they influence their speakers.A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed,rather self-flatteringly,that French be the sole legal language of the EU,because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision.Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical.But language myths are not always self-flattering:many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of“Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway; English must be the craziest language in the world!”We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes:French,rigorous;German,logical;English,playful.Of course.(9)In this case,Ms Chalari,a scholar,at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from grammar to personality:in Greek,the verb comes first,and it carries a lot of information,hence easy interrupting.The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences.Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected,encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting eachother.Welsh,for example,is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek,but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.16.According to the author,which of the following advantages of bilingualism is commonly accepted?[A]Personality improvement.[B]Better task performance.[C]Change of worldviews.[D]Avoidance of old-age disease.17.According to the passage,that language influences thought may be related to.[A]the vocabulary of a second language[B]the grammar of a second language[C]the improved test performance in a second language[D]the slowdown of thinking in a second language18.What is the author’s response to the question at the beginning of Para.8?[A]It’s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.[B]Some properties inherent can make a language logical.[C]German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.[D]There is adequate evidence to support a positive answer.19.Which of the following statements concerning Para.9is correct?[A]Ms.Chalari’s theory about the Greek language is well grounded.[B]Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.[C]Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.[D]Many unrelated languages don’t have the same features as Greek.20.In discussing the issue,the author’s attitude is.[A]satirical[B]objective[C]critical[D]ambivalentPASSAGE THREE(1)Once across the river and into the wholesale district,she glanced about her for some likely door at which to apply.As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs,she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was—a wage-seeker.She had never done this thing before and lacked courage.To avoid conspicuity and a certain indefinable shame she felt at being caught spying about for some place where she might apply for a position,she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifference supposedly common to one upon an errand.In this way she passed many manufacturing and wholesale houses without once glancing in.At last,after several blocks of walking,she felt that this would not do,and began to look about again,though without relaxing her pace.A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason attracted her attention.It was ornamented by a small brass sign,and seemed to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors.“Perhaps,”she thought,“they may want someone,”and crossed over to enter, screwing up her courage as she went.When she came within a score of feet of the desired goal,she observed a young gentleman in a grey clerk suit,fumbling his watch-chain and looking out.That he had anything to do with the concern she could not tell,but because he happened to be looking in her direction,her weakening heart misgave her and she hurried by,too overcome with shame to enter in.After several blocks of walking,in which the uproar of the streets and the novelty of the situation had time to wear away the effect of her first defeat,she again looked about.Over the way stood a great six-story structure labeled“Storm and King,”which she viewed with rising hope.It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women.She could see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors.This place she decided to enter,no matter what. She crossed over and walked directly toward the entrance.As she did so two men came out and paused in the door.A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps which graced the entrance anddisappeared.Several pedestrians out of the hurrying throng which filled the sidewalks passed about her as she paused,hesitating.She looked helplessly around and then,seeing herself observed,retreated.It was too difficult a task.She could not go past them.(2)So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves.She could scarcely understand her weakness and yet she could not think of gazing inquiringly about upon the surrounding scene.Her feet carried her mechanically forward,every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made.Block after block passed by.Upon streetlamps at the various corners she read names such as Madison,Monroe,La Salle, Clark,Dearborn;and still she went,her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging.She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean.The morning sun shining down with steadily increasing warmth made the shady side of the streets pleasantly cool.She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization of its charm than had ever come to her before.(3)Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way.She turned back along the street she had come, resolving to hunt up Storm and King and enter.On the way she encountered a great wholesale shoe company, through the broad plate windows of which she saw an enclosed executive department,hidden by frosted glass. Without this enclosure,but just within the street entrance,sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table,with a large open ledger of some kind before him.She walked by this institution several times hesitating,but finding herself unobserved she eventually gathered sufficient courage to falter past the screen door and stood humble waiting.(4)“Well,young lady,”observed the old gentleman,looking at her somewhat kindly—“what is it you wish?”(5)“I am,that is,do you—I mean,do you need any help?”she stammered.(6)“Not just at present,”he answered smiling.“Not just at e in some time next week. Occasionally we need some one.”(7)She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out.The pleasant nature of her reception rather astonished her.She had expected that it would be more difficult,that something cold and harsh would be said—she knew not what.That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position seemed remarkable.She did not realize that it was just this which made her experience easy,but the result was the same.She felt greatly relieved.(8)Somewhat encouraged,she ventured into another large structure.It was a clothing company,and more people were in evidence.(9)An office boy approached her.(10)“Who is it you wish to see?”he asked.(11)“I want to see the manager,”she returned.(12)He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were conferring together.One broke off an came towards her.(13)“Well?”he said,coldly.The greeting drove all courage from her at once.(14)“Do you need any help?”she stammered.(15)“No,”he replied abruptly and turned upon his heel.(16)She went foolishly out,the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her,and gladly sank into the obscuring crowd.It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state.21.She quickened her steps because she.[A]was afraid of being seen as a stranger[B]was in a hurry to leave the district[C]wanted to look like someone working there[D]wanted to apply at more factories that day。

2018专八真题阅读理解第三篇难点注释

2018专八真题阅读理解第三篇难点注释1 wholesale district批发商业区2. contemplate 沉思 / `kɑntəm,pleɪt /3. imposing使印象深刻的4. conscious of意识到5. gaze upon凝视，注视6. wage-seeker求职者7. conspicuity显而易见的特性/ˌkän(t)-spə-'kyü-ə-tē/8. indefinable不能解释的9. spy秘密仔细地寻找或观察某物10. assume an air of indeference摆出漠不关心的样子11. one upon an errand差事缠身的人12. wholesale house批发商行13. glance in 此指往商行里瞥一眼14. block街区15. a little way on往前走不远16. ornament装饰17. brass sign铜招牌18. a vast hive of-- [haɪv]一大片繁忙的地方19. cross over过马路20. screw up one's courage鼓起勇气21. a score of 20个，约20个22. desired 渴望的23. clerk suit店员服，工服，制服24. fumble摸索25. watch-chain表链26. concern公司; 生意27. look in her direction朝她的方向看28. misgive使忧虑 /mɪsˈɡɪv/29. uproar喧嚣/ `ʌp,rɔr /30. novelty新鲜, 新奇31. wear away磨损；消磨32. over the way 街对面；路对面33. dry goods纺织品34. wholesale dry goods concern纺织品批发公司35. no matter what不管什么，无论什么36. telegraph messenger电报投递员37. dash猛冲,急奔38. up 冲上v.39. grace修饰或装扮v.40. pedestrian行人41. throng人群42. sidewalk人行道：沿着街道侧边铺砌的走道43. retreat退却44. tell--vi. To have an effect or impact:产生效果或影响45. tell sadly upon her nerves令她沮丧46. inquiringly好奇地; 探询地 /ɪnˈkwaɪə.rɪŋ.li/47. mechanically机械地48. make a flight 迅速离开49. tire疲劳50. flagging石板路51. shady成荫的52. cowardice / `kaʊərdɪs /胆怯53. resolve 决定54. hunt up搜索55. plate window玻璃窗56. executive department主管部门,行政部门57. enclosed封闭的58. frosted glass毛玻璃59. enclosure围墙,圈起60. ledger分类帐61. institution机构62. gather courage鼓起勇气63. falter蹒跚/ ˈfɔːltə(r);64. screen door纱门65. stammer 口吃,结巴66. back out退出67. awkwardly尴尬地68. relieved感到宽慰的; 感到安心的69. venture不顾一切70. in evidence明显的71. confer协商 / kən`fɜr /72. break off突然停止73. abruptly无理的，唐突的[ə'brʌptlɪ]74. turn up one's heel突然转身走开,突然离去75. deferentially谦恭地；表示敬意地/,dɛfə'rɛnʃəli/76. swing使某物转向77. sink淹没78. obscure躲藏/əb'skjʊə/79. setback挫折。

2018年英语专业八级真题解析

2018 年英语专业八级考试真题答案及解析PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURE 1. our species/ humans/ human beings 2. (their) intelligence 3. learn from others 4. repeat 5. others'wisdom/ other people's wisdom 6. accumulate 7. an evolutionary dilemma 8, watching others/ watching other people9. systems of communication 10. knowledge and wisdom 11. benefits of cooperation 12. established ofidentities 13. isolation 14.con皿unication 15. different languagesMINI-LECTURE 听力原文Language and Humanity语言和人类Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, we're going to discuss the relationship between language and humanity. As we all know, language is very powerful. It allows you to put a thought from your mind directly in someone else's mind. Languages are like genes ta脰ng, getting things they want. And you just imagine the sense of wonder in a baby when it first discovers that, merely by uttering a sound, it can get objects to move across a room as ifby magic, and maybe even into its mouth. Now we need to explain how and why this remarkable trait, you know, h皿ian's ability to do things with language, has evolved, and why did this trait evolve only in our species? In order to get an answer to the question, we have to go to tool use in the chimpanzees. Chimpanzees can use tools, and we take that phenomenon as a sign of their intelligence. But if they really were intelligent, why would they crack open nuts with a rock? Why wouldn't they just go to a shop and buy a bag of nuts that somebody else had already cracked open for them? Why not? I mean, that's what we do.大家早上好。

专业英语八级真题2018年

专业英语八级真题2018年(总分：99.92，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Language and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish. Language as a born trait● Language has evolved only in 1 .● Comparison between chimpanzees and human beings:- Chimpanzees- use of tools: once seen as a sign of 2- inability to 3- tendency to 4- Human beings- able to improve and build on 5- able to 6 ideasLanguage and social learning● Problem of social learning: 7- Cause:- stealing others" ideas by 8- Solution:- 9 developed to share ideas● Results- 10 made available to every individual- language as social technology to enhance 11Language and the modern world● Existence of many different languages has led to- separation of cooperative groups- 12- knowledge protection- slow flow of ideas and tendency toward 13● Globalization needs 14 .● 15 hinder cooperation.Solution: one world with one languageLanguage and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish. Language as a born trait● Language has evolved only in 1 .● Comparison between chimpanzees and human beings:- Chimpanzees- use of tools: once seen as a sign of 2- inability to 3- tendency to 4- Human beings- able to improve and build on 5- able to 6 ideasLanguage and social learning● Problem of social learning: 7- Cause:- stealing others" ideas by 8- Solution:- 9 developed to share ideas● Results- 10 made available to every individual- language as social technology to enhance 11Language and the modern world● Existence of many different languages has led to- separation of cooperative groups- 12- knowledge protection- slow flow of ideas and tendency toward 13● Globalization needs 14 .● 15 hinder cooperation.Solution: one world with one language（分数：15.00）解析：human beings/humans [听力原文]Language and humanityGood morning, everyone. In today"s lecture, we"ll going to discuss the relationship between language and humanity. As we all know, language is very powerful and allows you to put a thought from your mind directly in someone else"s mind. Languages are like genes" talking, getting things they want. And you just imagine the sense of wonder in a baby when it first discovers that, merely by uttering a sound, it can get objects to move across the room, as if by magic, and maybe even into its mouth. Now we need to explain how and why this remarkable trait, you know, human"s ability to do things with language has evolved, and why did this trait evolve only in our species.In order to get answer to the question, we have to go to tool-use in the Chimpanzees. Chimpanzees can use tools, and we take that phenomenon as a sign of their intelligence. But if they really were intelligent, why would they crack open nuts with a rock? Why wouldn"t they just go to a shop and buy a bag of nuts that somebody else had already cracked open for them? Why not, I mean, that"s what we do. The reason that Chimpanzees don"t do that is that they lack what"s psychologist and anthropologist call "social learning". That is, they seem to lack the ability to learn from others by copying or imitating or simply watching. As a result, they can"t improve on others" ideas, learn from others" mistakes, or even benefit from others" wisdom. And so they just do the same thing over and over and over again. In fact, we could go away for a million years and come back and these Chimpanzees would be doing the same thing with the same rocks to crack open the nuts. Ok, so what this tells us is that, contrary to the old saying "monkey see, monkey do", the surprise really is that all of the other animals really cannot do that—at least not very much. But by comparison, we humans can learn. We can learn by watching other people and copying or imitating what they can do. We can then choose, from among a range of options available the best one. We can benefit from others" ideas. We can build on their wisdom. And as a result, our ideas do accumulate, and our technology progresses. In this cumulative cultural adaptation, as anthropologists called as "accumulation of ideas", is responsible for everything around you in your bustling and teeming everyday life. I mean the world has changed out of all proportion towhat we would recognize even 1,000 or 2,000 years ago. And all of this is because of cumulative cultural adaptation. For instance, the chairs you are sitting in today, the lights in this lecture hall, my microphone, the ipads, and the smart phones that you carry around with you—all are a result of cumulative cultural adaptation. But our acquisition of social learning would create an evolutionary dilemma. And the solution to the dilemma, is fair to say, will determine not only the future course of our psychology, but the future course of the entire world. And most importantly for this, it will tell us why we have language. And the reason that the dilemma arose is, it turns out that the social learning is visual theft. What I mean is if I can learn by watching you, I can steal your best ideas, and I can benefit from your efforts without having to put in the same time and energy that you did into developing them. Social learning really is visual theft. And in any species that acquired it, it would encourage you to hide your best ideas, lest somebody steal them from you. And so some time around 200,000 years ago, our species confronted this crisis. And we chose to develop the systems of communication that would allow us to share ideas and to cooperate amongst others. Choosing this option would mean that a vastly greater fund of knowledge and wisdom would become available to any one individual than would ever arise from within an individual family or individual person on their own. Well, language is the result. Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft. Language is a piece of social technology for enhancing the benefits of cooperation —for reaching agreements, for striking deals and for coordinating our activities. And you can see that, in a developing society that was beginning to acquire language, not having language would be like a bird without wings.As I said at the beginning, language really is the voice of our genes. But as we spread out around the world, we developed thousands of different languages. Currently, there are about seven or eight thousand different languages spoken on the earth. And then another problem occurred, it seems that we use our language, not just to cooperate, but to draw rings around our cooperative groups and to establish identities, and perhaps to protect our knowledge and wisdom and skills from being stolen from outside. And we know this because when we study different language groups and associate them with their cultures, we see that different languages slow the flow of ideas between groups. Ok, this tendency we have, the seemingly natural tendency we have, goes towards isolation, towards keeping everything to ourselves, while our modern world, is communicating with itself and with each other more than it has at any time in its past. And that communication, that connectivity around the world, that globalization now raises a burden. Because these different languages impose barrier, as we"ve just seen, to the transfer of goods and ideas and technologies and wisdom. And they impose barrier to cooperation. What will be the solution in a world in which we want to promote cooperation and exchange, and in a world that might be dependent more than ever before on cooperation, to maintain and enhance our levels of prosperity? I think it might be inevitable that we have to confront the idea that our destiny is to be one world with one language. What do you think of the solution?Ok, in today"s lecture, I have presented to you how language shapes our humanity, what kind of dilemma social learning has created, and the possible solutions to the dilemma. In our next lecture, I"m going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.[解析] 根据原文“... and why did this trait evolve only in our species”可知，这里指的是人类。

2018年专业英语八级真题试卷含答案和解析

2018年专业英语八级真题试卷讲座Language and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish. Language as a born traitLanguage has evolved only in【T1】______.【T1】______Comparison between chimpanzees and human beings: —Chimpanzees—use of tools: once seen as a sign of【T2】______【T2】______ —inability to【T3】______【T3】______—tendency to【T4】______【T4】______—Human beings—able to improve and build on【T5】______【T5】______—able to【T6】______ideas【T6】______Language and social learningProblem of social learning:【T7】______【T7】______ —Cause:—stealing others' ideas by【T8】______【T8】______—Solution:—【T9】______developed to share ideas【T9】______Results—【T10】______made available to every individual【T10】______ —language as social technology to enhance【T11】______【T11】______ Language and the modern worldExistence of many different languages has led to—separation of cooperative groups-【T12】______【T12】______—knowledge protection—slow flow of ideas and tendency toward【T13】______【T13】______ Globalization needs【T14】______.【T14】______【T15】______hinder cooperation.【T15】______Solution: one world with one language1.【T1】humans／human species解析：细节辨认题。

2018英语八级考试写作真题解析

3
First of all ,the pursuit of perfection can will lead us to excellence and release our highest potential. As CEO of Alcoa from 1987 to 1999, Paul O’Neill proposed and demanded a radical goal: zero work-loss incidents. What is more. A mildly humorous story told us the importance of aiming perfection These story mocks and in their implicit way tells us that the pursuit of perfection can make a better result and more achievements This was especially true that aiming perfection is of great importance in one's success. • To conclude, while there is nothing wrong to live a life with a proper attitude towards life, but we could be better to let the pursuit of perfection heart in our hearts, which motivate us release our potential.
1. summarize the main arguments in the excerpts, and then 2.express your opinion on perfection, especially on whether aiming for perfecting matters in whatever you do. You can support yourself with information from the excerpts. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

2018年专业英语八级考试试题及答案(卷二)

2018年专业英语八级考试试题及答案（卷二）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSGRADE EIGHTMODEL TEST TWOTIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [ 35 MIN ]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions I to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of theinterview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the research Dr. Smith and his colleagues have been doing?A. They try to help cancer patients overcome flight.B. They help doctors become sensitive to patients' feelings.C. They have been doing the research for five years.D. There are totally four of them in the research program.2. What does Dr. Smith think about doctors' ability to communicate bad news?A. Some of the doctors are born with the ability.B. Most doctors can develop the ability naturally by interacting with patients.C. Some doctors don't deem this ability important.D. Doctors can acquire the ability over time by following good models and practicing.3. According to Dr. Smith, doctors had better ________ if his cancer has come back.A. ask the patient about his expectation firstB. ask the patient about his past experience with cancer firstC. tell the patient directlyD. tell the patient everything's OK4. Which of the following should NOT doctors do when telling the bad news?A. To use the patient's language.B. To be direct and concrete.C. To distance themselves from the patient.D. To show empathy for the patient.5. Dr. Smith's motivation to do the research comes from________.A. his experience with many cancer patientsB. his mother's deathC. his conversation with a senior physicianD. his experience as an oncology traineeSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. According to the Palestinian Health Ministry, how many children were killed?A. 750B. About 250C. 18D. 9Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following statements about the Church of the Nativity is NOT true?A. It's located in Bethlehem.B. It's on the birth place of Jesus Christ.C. It's on Manger Square.D. Less people visited it at Christmas time than a decade ago.8. Less pilgrims go to Bethlehem this year because _________.A. they are afraid of violenceB. they are forbidden to go thereC. there is great economic crisis thereD. citizens there are fleeing the cityQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. Foreign ambassadors in Zimbabwe will be thrown out except forA. backing its oppositionB. downfalling its governmentC. disclosing its police outrageD. meddling in its internal affairs10. According to the news, which of the following is an illustration of the so-called police brutality?A. Four countries have been charged of supporting MDC.B. The political campaign aimed at bringing down its government.C. Some opposition leaders were spotted seriously injured from police detention.D. Mugabe's government would expel diplomats for violating the rules.PART H READING COMPREHENSION [ 30 MIN ]In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AThe first performance of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker, in St. Petersburg in 1892, was a flop. Wrote one critic the next day: "For dancers there is rather little in it; for art absolutely nothing, and for the artistic fate of our ballet, one more step downward." Two decades passed before another production was attempted.A century later, the ballet constitutes the single biggest fine-arts moneymaker in the United States, which has claimed the ballet as its。

2018专八真题解析

2018专八真题解析2018年专八试卷核对试卷一2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps：作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”！1.formal innovation2.rapport3.attending section4.writing long papers5.high numbers6.being filmedparable questions8.a natural order9.figure out10.sensitive11.repeating12.integrate into13.logical or natural14.editing15.fundamental elements听力：1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2.[A] he's made up his mind to change some of his passwords.3. intruders are patient enough to compute.4.[D] The US takes up the leading edge of technology.5.[A] Why not to write down passwords on notebooks6.[D] the development of genetic tests is out of people's expectation.7.[C] misgiving.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9.[D] Alienated.10. strengthen its supervision within limits.阅读：11.[C] they are lacking in skills required by certain jobs.12.[A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain.13. the frailties of human nature.14.[D] appearance.15.[C] the pursuit of economic benefit16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available then.19.[A] Dominant.20.[D] was in agreement with.21.[C] frowns upon22.[A] benefited from the oppositionparty's bill.23.[D] John McCain supports the bill due to his political standpoint.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25.Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26.The analogy rests on the market economy。

2018专八真题解析

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一PAKl K THANSLATiO^ Trurthk/iv the “皿川曲 part u>f rhe ic.rf frtm (r hitfestr intf* Frf 剧汕 Write叭川 x/afs^n /MF A V.s fJ /： f( \HEET 1HHEE 觀沁丈学F5■耐码使我们的内心町以达剽这柑的：想：荐癖、敏聽相走感•生适丕姐童血龙華书■蛤技们從供广川以迖對神比现实里是好的境界巴印幣驭血的朮⑷能比我0」规沁從中晖小芒--1,无比空『凤实中的天姜孟: 览实中從有完羌的爱惯.但在节甲仃氷山的（栄'j- tn 勺祝葵佇』唧（汐町殴与朱fflui • 会弥补找«M 实生活中所存件的不2018TEM8作文：追求完美好还是不好ps :作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”1. formal innovation2. rapport3. atte nding sect ion4. writing long papers5. high nu mbers6. being filmed7. comparable questio ns8. a n atural order9. figure out10. se nsitive11. repeat ing12.i ntegrate into13.lo gical or n atural14. edit ing[20 MINI15.fu ndame ntal eleme nts听力：1.The in itial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2.[A] he's made up his mind to cha nge some of his passwords.3.in truders are patie nt eno ugh to compute.4.[D] The US takes up the leadi ng edge of tech no logy.5.[A] Why not to write dow n passwords on no tebooks6.[D] the developme nt of gen etic tests is out of people's expectati on.7.[C] misgivi ng.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9.[D] Alie nated.10.stre ngthe n its supervisi on with in limits.阅读：11.[C] they are lack ing in skills required by certa in jobs.12.[A] was a pion eer in the welfare state of Great Brita in.13.the frailties of huma n n ature.14.[D] appeara nee.15.[C] the pursuit of econo mic ben efit16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17.She was a girl of frail and weak body.18.the actresses were not available the n.19.[A] Domi nant.20.[D] was in agreeme nt with.21.[C] frow ns upo n22.[A] ben efited from the oppositi on party's bill.23.[D] Joh n McCain supports the bill due to his political sta ndpo int.24.deceitful阅读回答问题：25.Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26.The an alogy rests on the market economy 。

2018年专业英语八级真题及答案解析

2018年专业英语八级真题及答案解析(1~15/共15题)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Play00:0007:30VolumeLanguage and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish.Language as a born traitLanguage has evolved only in__1__Comparison between chimpanzees and human beings: -Chimpanzees-use of tools: once seen as a sign of__2__-inability to__3__-tendency to__4__-Human beings-able to improve and build on__5__-able to__6__ideasLanguage and social learningProblem of social learning:__7__-Cause:-stealing others´ ideas by__8__-Solution:-__9__developed to share ideasResults-__10__made available to every individual-language as social technology to enhance__11__Language and the modern worldExistence of many different languages has led to-separation of cooperative groups-__12__-knowledge protection-slow flow of ideas and tendency toward__13__Globalization needs__14__.__15__hinder cooperation.Solution: one world with one language第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题第11题第12题第13题第14题第15题下一题(16~20/共10题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0004:26Volume第16题A.Announcement of results.ck of a time schedule.C.Slowness in ballots counting.D.Direction of the electoral events.第17题A.Other voices within Afghanistan wanted so.B.The date had been set previously.C.All the ballots had been counted.D.The UN advised them to do so.第18题A.To calm the voters.B.To speed up the process.C.To stick to the election rules.D.To stop complaints from the loser.第19题A.Unacceptable.B.Unreasonable.C.Insensible.D.Ill-considered.第20题A.Supportive.B.Ambivalent.C.Opposed.D.Neutral.上一题下一题(21~25/共10题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0004:44Volume第21题A.Ensure the government includes all parties.B.Discuss who is going to be the winner.C.Supervise the counting of votes.D.Seek support from important sectors.第22题A.36% -24%.B.46%-34%.C.56%-44%.D.66%-54%.第23题A.Both candidates.B.Electoral institutions.C.The United Nations.D.Not specified.第24题A.It was unheard of.B.It was on a small scale.C.It was insignificant.D.It occurred elsewhere.第25题A.Problems in the electoral process.B.Formation of a new government.C.Premature announcement of results.D.Democracy in Afghanistan.上一题下一题(26~30/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)"Britain´s best export," I was told by the head of the Department of Immigration in Canberra ,"is people. " Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted passages in the first five months of that year, and half of these are eventually expected to migrate to Australia.(2)The Australians are delighted. They are keenly aware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged. The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future, and the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited, but with unemployment in Australia down to less than 1.3 percent, the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.(3)Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States, but has only twelve million inhabitants. Migration has accounted for half the population increase in the last four years, and has contributed greatly to the country´s impressive economic development. Britain has always been the principal source—ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent, and Britain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.(4)Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. Australians decided they had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called "guest workers" who have crossed their own frontiers to work in other parts of Europe. There were estimated to be more than four million of them, and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some years been the second biggest source of migrants, and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks and Germans.(5)One drawback with them, so far as the Australians are concerned, is that integration tends to be more difficult. Unlike the British, continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs. Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. These colonies have their own newspapers, their own shops, and their own clubs. Their inhabitants are not Australians, but Europeans.(6)The government´s avowed aim, however, is to maintain "a substantially homogeneous society into which newcomers, from whatever sources, will merge themselves". By and large, therefore, Australia still prefers British migrants, and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others.(7)A far bigger cause of concern than the growth of national groups, however, is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin. One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more mobile, and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare, but economic conditions also have something to do with it. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent—and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe, a lot of people tend to feel that perhaps they were wrong to come here after all.(8)Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that "flies, dirt, and outside lavatories" were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that many people also complained about " the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians". Another survey gave climate conditions, homesickness, and " the stark appearance of the Australian countryside" as the main reasons for leaving.(9)Most British migrants miss council housing, the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbors. Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives. The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: " I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home. "(10)Rents are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding adecent job. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often find a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.(11)According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly. " We Australians," it stated in a recent issue, " are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie. As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowing our own trumpets that we have not got time to be warm-hearted and considerate. Go down ´ heart-break alley´ among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants. "第26题The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because______.A.immigrants speed up economic expansionB.unemployment is down to a low figureC.immigrants attract foreign capitalD.Australia is as large as the United States第27题Australia prefers immigrants from Britain because______.A.they are selected carefully before entryB.they are likely to form national groupsC.they easily merge into local communitiesD.they are fond of living in small towns第28题In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author______.A.stresses their economic motivesB.emphasizes the variety of their motivesC.stresses loneliness and homesicknessD.emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty第29题Which of the following words is used literally, not metaphorically?A.flow(Para. 2).B.injection(Para. 2).C.gravitate(Para. 5).D.selective(Para. 6).第30题Para. 11 pictures the Australians as______.A.unsympatheticB.ungenerousC.undemonstrativeD.unreliable上一题下一题(31~35/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving " executive function"(which involves the brain´s ability to plan and prioritize), better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Many multilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews, when they speak their different languages.(2)It´s an exciting notion, the idea that one´s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways(exposure to new friends, literature and so forth)the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?(3)Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called " Whorfianism" , this idea has its sceptics, but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.(4)This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer)than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.(5)What of "crib" bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.(6)Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of "priming"—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.(7)So there are two very good reasons(asymmetrical ability, and priming)that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero, Athanasia Chalari, said for example that:Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.(8)Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt?People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages´inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical. But language myths are not always self-flattering: many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of " Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway: English must be the craziest language in the world!" We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous: German, logical: English, playful. Of course.(9)In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.第31题According to the author, which of the following advantages of bilingualism is commonly accepted?A.Personality improvement.B.Better task performance.C.Change of worldviews.D.Avoidance of old-age disease.第32题According to the passage, that language influences thought may be related to______.A.the vocabulary of a second languageB.the grammar of a second languageC.the improved test performance in a second languageD.the slowdown of thinking in a second language第33题What is the author´s response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?A.It´s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.B.Some properties inherent can make a language logical.C.German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.D.There is adequate evidence to support a positive answer.第34题Which of the following statements concerning Para. 9 is correct?A.Ms Chalari´s theory about the Greek language is well grounded.B.Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.C.Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.D.Many unrelated languages don´t have the same features as Greek.第35题In discussing the issue, the author´s attitude is______.A.satiricalB.objectiveC.criticalD.ambivalent上一题下一题(36~39/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Once across the river and into the wholesale district, she glanced about her for some likely door at which to apply. As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was—a wage-seeker. She had never done this thing before and lacked courage. To avoid conspicuity and a certain indefinable shame she felt at being caught spying about for some place where she might apply for a position, she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifference supposedly common to one upon an errand. In this way she passed many manufacturing and wholesale houses without once glancing in. At last, after several blocks of walking, she felt that this would not do, and began to look about again, though without relaxing her pace. A little way on she saw a great door which for some reason attracted her attention. It was ornamented by a small brass sign, and seemed to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors. "Perhaps," she thought, "they may want someone" and crossed over to enter, screwing up her courage as she went. When she came within a score of feet of the desired goal, she observed a young gentleman in a grey clerk suit, fumbling his watch-chain and looking out. That he had anything to do with the concern she could not tell, but because he happened to be looking in her direction, her weakening heart misgave her and she hurried by, too overcome with shame to enter in. After several blocks of walking, in which the uproar of the streets and the novelty of the situation had time to wear away the effect of her first defeat, she again looked about. Over the way stood a great six-story structure labeled " Storm and King," which she viewed with rising hope. It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women. She could see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors. This place she decided to enter, no matter what. She crossed over and walked directly toward the entrance. As she did so two men came out and paused in the door. A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps which graced the entrance and disappeared. Several pedestrians out of the hurrying throng which filled the sidewalks passed about her as she paused, hesitating. She looked helplessly around and then, seeing herself observed, retreated. It was too difficult a task. She could not go past them.(2)So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. She could scarcely understand her weakness and yet she could not think of gazing inquiringly about upon the surrounding scene. Her feet carried her mechanically forward, every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made. Block after block passed by. Upon street lamps at the various corners she read names such as Madison, Monroe, La Salle, Clark, Dearborn: and still she went, her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging. She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean. The morning sun shining down with steadily increasing warmth made theshady side of the streets pleasantly cool. She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization of its charm than had ever come to her before.(3)Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way. She turned back along the street she had come, resolving to hunt up Storm and King and enter in. On the way she encountered a great wholesale shoe company, through the broad plate windows of which she saw an enclosed executive department, hidden by frosted glass. Without this enclosure, but just within the street entrance, sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table, with a large open ledger of some kind before him. She walked by this institution several times hesitating, but finding herself unobserved she eventually gathered sufficient courage to falter past the screen door and stood humbly waiting.(4)"Well, young lady," observed the old gentleman, looking at her somewhat kindly—"what is it you wish?"(5)"I am, that is, do you—I mean, do you need any help?" she stammered.(6)"Not just at present," he answered smiling. "Not just at present. Come in sometime next week. Occasionally we need someone. "(7)She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out. The pleasant nature of her reception rather astonished her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that something cold and harsh would be said—she knew not what. That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position seemed remarkable. She did not realize that it was just this which made her experience easy, but the result was the same. She felt greatly relieved.(8)Somewhat encouraged, she ventured into another large structure. It was a clothing company, and more people were in evidence.(9)An office boy approached her.(10)"Who is it you wish to see?" he asked.(11)"I want to see the manager," she returned.(12)He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were conferring together. One broke off and came towards her.(13)"Well?" he said, coldly. The greeting drove all courage from her at once.(14)"Do you need any help?" she stammered.(15)"No," he replied abruptly and turned upon his heel.(16)She went foolishly out, the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her, and gladly sank into the obscuring crowd. It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state.第36题She quickened her steps because she______.A.was afraid of being seen as a strangerB.was in a hurry to leave the districtC.wanted to look like someone working thereD.wanted to apply at more factories that day第37题Why didn´t she enter Storm and King the first time?A.She was too timid to enter the building.B.Two men stopped her at the entrance.C.Several pedestrians had found her strange.D.The messenger had closed the door behind him.第38题What does "every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made" mean according to the context(Para. 2)?A.She thought she was making progress in job search.B.She was glad that she was looking for a job.C.She found her experience satisfactory.D.She just wanted to leave the place.第39题Why did she feel greatly relieved(Para. 7)?A.She eventually managed to enter the building.B.She was kindly received by the clerk.C.She had the courage to make an inquiry.D.She was promised a work position.上一题下一题(1/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第40题What do "promise" and "should" in Para. 2 imply about the author´s vision of Australia´s economy? ______上一题下一题(2/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第41题Explain the meaning of "the growth of national groups" according to the context(Para. 7). _______上一题下一题(3/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第42题Explain the meaning of "The choice between two languages is a huge prime. " according to the context(Para. 6). _______上一题下一题(4/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第43题What reasons does the author give to explain why people feel different when speaking different languages? _________上一题下一题(5/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A.Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第44题What does the author focus on in the passage? _______上一题下一题(6/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第45题Select and write down at least THREE words or phrases in Para. I describing the girl´s inner feelings while walking in the streets looking for a job. ______上一题下一题(7/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第46题Explain the meaning of "So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. " according to the context(Para. 2). _____上一题下一题(8/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第47题In "It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state. "(Para. 16), what does "her recently pleased mental state" refer to according to the context? _____上一题下一题(48~57/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEMass media is media that is intended for a large audience. Itmay take the form of broadcast media, as in case of television and__48__radio, or print media, as newspapers and magazines. __49__Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such asthe entire population of a country. By contrast, local media covers amuch small population and area, focusing on regional news of__50__interest, specialty media is provided for particular demographic__51__groups. Some local media outlets that cover state or provincial newsmay raise to prominence thanks to their investigative journalism, and__52__to the clout that their particular regions have in the national politics.People often think of mass media as the news, it also includes__53__entertainment like television shows, books, and films. It may also beeducational in the nature, as in the instance of public broadcasting_54__stations that provide educational programs to a national audience.Political communications including propaganda are also frequentlydistributed through the media, as were public service announcements__55__and emergency alerts.When elitists may be tempted to sneer at mass media, referring__56__。