高中定语从句详细讲解

高中定语从句详细讲解

（一）定义及相关术语

1 •定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2 •先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3 •关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系

畐y词有when, where, why 等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中

担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shak ing hands with my father is a policema n. 该句中，who is shak ing hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man , “ who ”是引导定语从句的关系词，代

替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1 • who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playi ng football are from Class On e. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morni ng. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2 • whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person （ whom ） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车

上谈论的那个人。

Li Mi ng is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor ( whom ) you are wait ing for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher ofte n praises is our mon itor. 的班长。

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用

你正在等的教授已经来了。

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们who来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3 • Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很

远。

He likes to read books which are writte n by foreig n writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

4 • That指人时，相当于who或whom ;指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或

宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The nu mber of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one milli on. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morni ng? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?

The person that /whom you in troduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

The seas on that / which comes after spri ng is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收至到了一圭寸来自澳大禾U 亚的信。

5. Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scie ntist whose n ame is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学

家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子

里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The school （which / that） he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

Tomorrow I ' ll bring here the magazine （which / that） you asked for.

Tomorrow I ' ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

This is the boy （whom / who / that） I played tennis with yesterday.

This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We' ll go to hear the famous sin ger （whom / who / that） we have ofte n talked about.

We' II go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working con diti ons. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working con diti ons.

我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。女如: look for, look

after, take care of 等。

This is the watch （which / that） I am looki ng for. （正）这是我正在找的手表。

This is the watch for which I am look ing . （误）

The babies （whom / who / that） the nurse is look ing after are very healthy. （正）那个保姆

照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

The babies after whom the nurse is look ing are very healthy. （误）

2 .若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that ;关系代词指

物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my n eighbour. （正）你刚才跟他谈话的那个人

是我的邻居。