2020届高考英语二轮复习语法专题动词主谓一致学案

2020届二轮复习语法专题动词主谓一致学案

[思维导图]

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。

一、语法一致原则

主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.

听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。

Everything is in a complete mass，which drives people crazy.

所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。

[名师指津] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。

What he said is far from the truth.

他的话与事实相差太远了。

What the school needs are qualified teachers.

这个学校需要的是合格的老师。

2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数

要与前面的主语保持一致。

The teacher as well as his students was very excited.

老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。

I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.

我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。

3．and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting－room.

她的老师和朋友都在客厅。

The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

A knife and fork is used on the table in western countries.

刀叉被用在西方国家的餐桌上。

4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。

My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.

我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。

5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。

Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.

很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。

Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.

每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。

二、意义一致原则

意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。

The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.

这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

The class are doing experiment.

全班学生都在做实验。

2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。

About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.

昨天只做了60%的工作。

All of this is wonderful，but the best part of this film is the acting.

所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。

3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。

4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity的数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。

A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.

＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.

大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。

5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students have gone for an outing.

许多学生去远足了。

The number of the students is increasing year after year.

学生的数量逐年增加。

6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.