英汉翻译理论实践

如何正确选择词义
这是一位举止得体的姑娘。 这些都Biblioteka Baidu标为新鲜的鸡蛋。 狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。 一位规规矩矩的穆斯林 她需要一双结实的跑鞋。 吃豆子有益于健康。 她儿子一直很乖。
如何正确选择词义
…yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;… …不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽 骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母， 孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家 里的人也的确哀思绵绵的追悼他们。……
根据词性确定词义 雨后空气新鲜。 别老是诉苦。 在机器投入运行前，要先进行试车。 电子计算机系统的复杂网络管理着这个现 代化的炼油厂。 他们正在把走私物品装进船舱。
1）I want my martini dry. 2) There are still some dry states in the United States. 3）She prefers dry bread. 4）The cows are dry. 5）He gave us a dry lecture yesterday. 6）I am sure what he presented was a dry fact.
如果让我决定我们是要一个没有言论自由的 政府,还是要一个只有自由而无政府的国家,我 会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义（练习）
Who‟s going to perform this delicate operation on the patient‟s eye? She is in delicate health. He has a delicate ear for music. That‟s a delicate diplomatic question. We have been working all day. We must have a break. Suddenly the line went limp. “I am going back.” Said Smith. “We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me. I‟ll be back in five minutes.”
根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government , I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
1.根据词性选择和确定词义
一词多性： Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. 同极相斥，异极相吸。 I like painting. Fine grains of dust shine like gold. 细微的尘埃像金子一般闪闪发亮。 Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。
词义的概念
（二）从词义角度来看 词义如从社会符号学的角度来看，可分为指称意义、 言内意义和语用意义；如从传统的词汇学角度来讲， 词义包括概念意义和关联意义。所谓概念意义，也叫 外延意义（denotative Meaning）或认知意义 （cognitive Meaning），就是词汇的最基本意义， 是语言符号所代表的事物的基本特征的抽象概括，常 视为词语在字典中的定义或释义。所谓关联意义 (associative meaning)，是隐含于或附加在概念意 义上的意义。社会、群体或个人都可以使一个词具有 关联意义，有时还是很不相同的关联意义。这种差异 既可以存在于两种语言、两种文化之间，也可以存在 于一种语言和一种文化的亚文化之间。
根据词性确定词义
Your account of what happened is not quite right. 你对于发生的事情的叙述不太正确。 Go right on until you reach the church. 一直往前走，直到你到达教堂为止。 It‟s my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until I‟ve passed it. 我有优先通行权，所以那货车必须停驶或 减慢 车速 直到我走过去为止。 She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. 她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫一案申冤。
Diction(词义选择） Diction means the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. A word is capable of being used in more than five or ten senses depending on the different collocations or context.
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义
We can make out the meaning of the word from the context. 我们可以从上下文判断出这个词的意思。 We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 我们应当在和平共处五项原则的基础上解决这些争端。 It is in this context that the tragedy of Sahara was born. 撒哈拉悲剧正是在这种情况下发生的。 We must operate within the context of the Olympian Spirit. 我们必须按照奥林匹克精神办事。
根据词性确定词义
The rain had cleaned the air. Don„t air your troubles too often. A trial run is needed before the machine is put into operation. An intricate network of the computer system runs this modern petroleum factory. They are loading the run goods into the hold.
根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义
谁准备给这位病人做精细的眼科手术？ 她身体虚弱。 他对音乐很有鉴赏力。 那是个微妙的外交问题。 我们干了整整一天了，必须休息一下。 引爆线突然耷拉下来。史密斯说：“我回去看 看。一定是某个地方断了线。等一下，我五分 钟就回来。”
3.根据句中的搭配关系确定词义
英汉翻译理论实践 词的翻译
——词的翻译
请试译下列句子
1) The play is really a love story. 2) This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 3) Some reporters who were not included in the meeting broke the story. 4) The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV. 5) Don't tell stories again, Tom. I don ' t believe your stories. 6) It is quite another story now.
内涵意义
词的概念意义的属性。 如比喻意义，象征意义，联想意义等
Woman Gold Moon Dragon Dog…
文体意义
中性文体意义
特定文体意义 正式
非正式
标准 口语词
次标准
俚语、俗语、行业用语
感情意义
中性意义
褒义
贬义
如何正确选择词义
This general was charged with treason.. The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work. As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the soldiers charged the enemy position bravely. This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later. Having charged the battery, he set the engine in motion.
如何正确选择词义
这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。 委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项研究工 作。 总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地向敌人的 阵地冲去。 这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内，让 你以后付款。 电池充电后，他启动了马达。
如何正确选择词义
It was a girl with good manners. These were all labeled as good eggs. Dogs are often regarded as man‟s good friends. A good Muslim She need good shoes for running. Beans are good for your health. Her son is always a good boy.
He is the last man to come. 最后一个 He is the last man to do it. 绝不会 He is the last one for such a job.最不配 He should be the last man to blame.怎么 也不该 He is the last man to consult.根本不应该 This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 怎么也没料到
He does everything with a high hand. 专横，傲慢 As a high official, he is… Speak in a high tone 尖锐的嗓音 Have a high opinion of somebody Highlight最精彩的部分，最显著的部分
词义 Meaning of words
概念意义 Conceptual meaning
词典给词下的定义
关联意义 Associative meaning
词的附带意义
内涵意义 Connotative meaning
文体意义 Stylistic meaning
感情意义 Affective meaning
搭配意义 （Collocative meaning)