历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解 (9)

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考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010

1994年英译汉试题71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。

近三年考研英语翻译真题全面解析

近三年考研英语翻译真题全面解析[大] [中] [小]2005年：(47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successfu l groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.评析: 这句话最难的地方在于几个小词的处理,我们的翻译标准不要求做到“信、达、雅”,但是起码要像人话,如果翻完自己都觉得很不通顺,那就不可以将就。

如果句子中有不熟悉的词不要把英语抄在译文中,那样老师会理直气壮地扣分。

我们要尽量结合上下文,把句子翻得通顺。

难点: television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses 是并列关系,要翻成“电视台,电台,报社,杂志社和出版社”,因为最后一个词是出版社,其他的几个虽然是媒体,但是和后面的出版社为并列关系,所以必须翻译成机构。

重点: 并列关系，并列各项1.词类相同；2.作者态度相同；3.语法结构相同；4.意思接近。

全句译文: 在欧洲,就像其它地方一样,各传媒集团越来越成功,整合了电视台,电台,报社,杂志社和出版社,并使之相互合作。

(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world t o survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European t elevision networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.评析: 这句话难点在于in a fact underlined by statistics that show that,写得非常不通顺和啰嗦,如果直译,会非常艰涩,必须去掉一些废话,以适应汉语表达习惯。

考研翻译测试题及答案

考研翻译测试题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of science and technology has brought about significant changes in the way people live and work.答案：科学技术的快速发展已经给人们的生活和工作方式带来了重大的变化。

2. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, we need to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.答案：为了实现可持续发展的目标，我们需要在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡。

3. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote social equity and justice.答案：政府已经实施了一系列措施来促进社会公平和正义。

二、汉译英1. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了根本性的变化。

答案：With the widespread of the internet, the way people obtain information has undergone fundamental changes.2. 教育是提高国家竞争力的关键因素之一。

答案：Education is one of the key factors in enhancing a country's competitiveness.3. 保护环境是每个公民的责任。

答案：Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen.三、段落翻译1. The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. Social media platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information from around the world.答案：技术的进展已经彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。

考研英语翻译真题及答案

考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语中的翻译部分一直是众多考生重点关注和努力攻克的对象。

通过对历年真题的研究和练习，能够让考生更好地把握命题规律，提升翻译能力。

以下为大家呈现部分考研英语翻译真题及答案，并对其进行详细的分析和讲解。

真题一：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities参考译文：几个世纪以来，在欧洲的大学里，对法律的研究一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。

然而，只是在最近几年，它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。

解析：这句话的翻译重点在于准确理解和处理一些词汇和短语。

“intellectual discipline”翻译为“知识学科”；“feature”在这里是“特色”的意思。

句子结构方面，“However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities”是一个倒装句，正常语序为“However, it has become a feature of undergraduate programsin Canadian universities only in recent years” 翻译时要注意调整语序，以符合中文的表达习惯。

真题二：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults参考译文：在与年轻人接触时，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格的影响，但在与成年人打交道时，就不那么容易忽视了。

研究生英语读写译教程第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案

全球经济一体化与中国斯蒂芬·罗世林[1] 中国，拥有世界上人口最多的国家，在2001年11月10日加入世界贸易组织，结束了长达15年的谈判，这为中国在世界民族之林获得了一个新的地位与席位，为几个世纪以来的梦想注入了新的活力。

[2] 自1971年恢复了中国在联合国安理会的合法席位以来，中国加入世界贸易组织是中国最具有意义的外交成就之一，这不久之后，理查德尼克松总统开启了著名的北京之行。

[3] 中国加入世界贸易组织，意味着可以享有反对对商品的惩罚性关卡的保护权。

美国国会基于对人权的考虑，将会恢复与中国的“正常贸易关系”，而停止每年一度的复审程序。

[4] 即便设置障碍，中国对于美国来说也是最重要的贸易合作伙伴。

美中贸易在2000年价值达1,160.2亿美元。

中国出口商品远比进口多。

去年用船运送到美国市场的商品和服务达1,000亿美元，成为美国的第四个出口商。

作为回报，美国给中国送来了价值160.3亿美元的商品与服务，只是美国的第十四个最大出口市场。

[5] 在海外中国人民已经是极好的贸易者和有创新能力的商人。

以新加坡为例，在美国拥有很多高科技公司，或是西方城市中的中国城。

加入世贸组织以后，中国将会变得更富有，世界也是这样。

[6] 中国正式加入世贸组织，除了可以获得大量的商机之外，当面对外国公司的激烈竞争之时，中国商人会面对一些不利的担忧，这是人之常情。

比如中国庞大且手续较复杂的农业部门，怎么与十分老练的美国大农场经营竞争？还有银行部门与电信市场？全球一体化公司似乎利用中国广泛的对外开放，而把中国置于危险境地。

[7] 加入世贸组织和诸多其它因素使得中国成为一个新的，有决策性的全球扮演者。

中国需要重新审视自己文化中丰富的伦理道德传统。

对中国商业环境的批评来自外国投资者对征税的意见，甚至是本国商人和朱镕基总理。

中国似乎为找到一个道德中心而不懈奋斗，制定了一系列商业道德用来管理和手把手指导国家的相关法律，这样做关系到国家经济发展的生死存亡。

考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010

历年考研英语英译汉真题

历年考研英语英译汉真题历年考研英语英译汉真题1Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principalforces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force ofgeographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blowngarden." Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

考研英语真题试卷翻译答案

考研英语真题试卷翻译答案翻译部分题目一：原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.翻译：技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

题目二：原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained optimistic and continued to work diligently towards their goals.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然保持乐观，并继续勤奋地朝着他们的目标努力。

题目三：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to address the environmental issues.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来解决环境问题。

题目四：原文：In recent years, the concept of sustainable developmenthas gained widespread attention.翻译：近年来，可持续发展的概念已经得到了广泛关注。

题目五：原文：The company's innovative approach to marketing has significantly increased its market share.翻译：公司在市场营销方面的创新方法显著增加了其市场份额。

题目六：原文：The research findings suggest that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health.翻译：研究发现，均衡饮食和定期锻炼对于维持良好的健康状况至关重要。

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

考研英语翻译题真题及答案

考研英语翻译题真题及答案近年来，考研英语翻译题在考研考试中占据了重要的位置。

通过翻译题，考生需要展示自己的英语语言表达能力以及对中英文之间准确翻译的理解和运用。

在备考阶段，了解历年的翻译题真题及其答案对于提高翻译水平和应对考试非常有帮助。

本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语翻译题的真题及答案，以供参考。

2017年翻译题材料：在英语阅读中，读者经常遇到不熟悉的词汇。

如果你查到这个词在原文中出现的次数较多，你应该试着推测其含义。

如果词汇只在原文中出现一次，你应该试着推测它的大致含义。

这样就能节约查字典的时间并提高阅读效率。

翻译题题目：《翻译要领》中的上述一段对于提高阅读效率十分有用，请你把这段话翻译成中文。

答案：在英文阅读中，我们经常会遇到我们不熟悉的单词。

如果你发现这个单词在原文中出现多次，你可以尝试猜测它的含义。

如果这个单词在原文中只出现一次，你应该试着推测它的大致含义。

这样做不仅能够节约查词典的时间，还能提高阅读效率。

2016年翻译题材料：互联网已经改变了人们的生活，也给国际间的联系带来了新的发展。

互联网的全球互通和信息的自由流动使得人们之间的思想交流更加频繁，也扩大了国际合作的领域。

互联网的迅速发展使得世界越来越紧密地联系在一起。

翻译题题目：《互联网时代的思想交流》中的上述材料，请你把这段话翻译成英文。

答案：The Internet has changed people's lives and brought new development to international communication. The global connectivity and free flow of information on the Internet have made the exchange of ideas among people more frequent and expanded the scope of international cooperation. Therapid development of the Internet has brought the world closer together.2015年翻译题材料：生活中，我们常常会遇到挫折和困难。

考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析关于考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 1) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 2) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time, questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 3) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisionsbased on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 4) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.。

考研英语翻译真题及答案

考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译真题及答案的题目是一个非常常见的题型，这类题型要求考生基于提供的英语原文，进行准确、流畅、连贯的中文翻译。

以下是一道考研英语翻译真题及答案的示例：原文：In 1968, astronaut William Anders took a photograph of Earth that became known as the famous "Earthrise" image. Shot from the Apollo 8 spacecraft as it orbited the moon, the photo shows a fragile Earth rising above the lunar horizon. It captured the attention and imagination of people around the world. Earthrise became the catalyst for the environmental movement and the inspiration behind Earth Day.翻译：1968年，宇航员威廉·安德斯拍摄了一张被称为“地球升起”（Earthrise）的著名照片。

这张照片是在阿波罗8号飞船围绕月球轨道运行时拍摄的，照片中展示了一个脆弱的地球从月球地平线升起的景象。

它引起了全世界人们的关注和想象力。

《地球升起》成为环保运动的催化剂，也激发了地球日的诞生。

这道题是一个较简单的翻译题，主要考察考生对英文句子和词汇的准确理解，并且要求用准确的中文表达出来。

写作时需要注意使用流畅、通顺的语句，以及书写整洁美观。

在实际考试中，可能会有更复杂的翻译题目，考生需要在较短的时间内完成准确的翻译。

因此，平时备考时可以多练习翻译练习题，并且注意积累相关的专业词汇和翻译技巧。

这样可以提高翻译速度和准确度，在考试中更有把握地完成翻译任务。

2020年考研《英语》试题及答案(卷九)

2020年考研《英语》试题及答案（卷九）Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s plain common sense? D the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. Onthe other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling ?D happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true that[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A] maintaining it at an average level.[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date”(Par.4) can be best replaced by[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B] They are independent but existing concurrently[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That’s that”(Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad[A] and the situation cannot be altered.[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.[C] but they don’t think much about it.[D] but they remain unconscious of it.Text 2The legal limit for driving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, if you’ve justeaten and what sort of drinks you’ve had. Some people might reach their limit after only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one or two drinks. Even if you’re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, or you could even find that you’re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you’ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one or two drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of movable posts... and the less able they were to do it!So the only way to be sure you’re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a major cause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you’ve been drinkingdoesn’t just affect you. If you’re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill or injure.6. The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal limit is[A] about 80mg of pure alcohol.[B] about three standard drinks.[C] in proportion to his weight.[D] varying with different people.7. You might be accused of drunk driving when[A] you drive upon having some drinks.[B] you become a helpless alcohol addict.[C] your driving is found abnormal for drinking.[D] your alcohol percentage fails the test.8. A test showed that drunken professional drivers could[A] have greater confidence than sober ones.[B] move away a set of posts on the test ground.[C] fail in the test despite their self-affirmation.[D] serve as alarming examples to potential drivers.9. Alcohol is the major cause of traffic accidents because[A] more than 30% road casualties are drink drivers.[B] drinking affects people’s mind and emotion.[C] about one-third drivers are used to drinking.[D] young drivers are familiar among traffic victims.10. About drink driving, the author warns you of the fact that you[A] may be taken to court by the police.[B] are putting yourself in danger.[C] may hurt or kill another driver.[D] are setting other people at risk.Text 3There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transaction may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to how much of each good and service should beproduced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage(origin), religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste(social class) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.11. The main purpose of the text is to[A] interpret the essence of general economics.[B] compare barter and cash-exchange markets.[C] outline contrasting types of economic systems.[D] argue for the superiority of a certain economy.12. The word “real”in “real goods”(Par.2) could best be replaced by[A] genuine.[B] concrete.[C] durable.[D] practical.13. According to the text, a barter economy may lead to[A] unfair transaction.[B] direct conflicts.[C] gradual deflation.[D] trading troubles.14. In an administered system, business activities are under the direction of[A] major economic organizations.[B] general public advisory body.[C] large commercial companies.[D] certain official departments.15. All of the following are mentioned as factors determining one’s place in a traditional society EXCEPT[A] family background.[B] age and education.[C] religious beliefs.[D] established experience.Text 4It’s possible that while you are at work, you may dream about a month of Sundays, but your boss wishes for a week of Tuesday. That’s because she/he probably knows that productivity is one of the main factors bolstering (supporting) a company’s growth. And a recent poll shows that workers are most productive on Tuesdays!Accountemps, an employment agency, conducted a national survey of office managers, which shows that by the middle of the week, they see a dramatic productivity decrease. While Monday is considered second in “productivity value,”only nine percent of office managersthink Wednesday is the peak productivity day. Five percent believe it is Thursday. And Friday, well, you can just imagine! However, forty-eight percent of the managers polled said that Tuesday is, by far, the most productive day of the week.A close analysis of workweek rhythms would turn up some obvious reasons for those survey results. First of all, Monday is overloaded with meetings, designed to “get things moving,”and everybody knows meetings aren’t very productive. Wednesday is “hump day”(驼峰日) ?D get over it as painlessly as possible, a worker thinks, and the week is more than halfway over. On Thursday, people are running out of steam; and Friday, everybody’s thinking about the weekend. There are reasons why the other days aren’t productive, but what makes Tuesday special?Tuesdays, employees hit peak performance because they are very focused on day-to-day activities. Also, it’s usually the first day of the week when they’re focused on their own task. They’re not in meetings that take them away from their primary responsibilities. Actually, Tuesdays can be quite hectic (full of excitement and without rest). Workers are arriving at work fairly frantic (wildly excited). And so, in 10 hours, they’re doing 20-hour work. That’s productive, but it’s also tough.This does not mean that nothing happens on the last three days of the workweek. Things do not get so lax that people are sitting with theirfeet on desks, sipping coffee and talking on the phone all day, but there’s a definite lack of focus. The pace softens and the rhythm slows down. And this is not healthy: it produces fatigue and lowers productivity. To prevent this midweek slowdown, some management consultants suggest that employers avoid jamming so many meetings into Mondays. Work deadlines can be rescheduled to stretch out the workflow. Variations in productivity are only natural, but both workers and bosses win when the peaks and valleys are less dramatic than they are now.16. According to the poll, which of the following days is most productive?[A] Thursday.[B] Friday.[C] Monday.[D] Wednesday.17. The peak productivity day of the week is marked by[A] violent excitement and activity.[B] due enthusiasm and creativity.[C] hurried and disordered movement.[D] full concentration and efficiency.18. The word “lax”in the last paragraph means[A] usually negligible.[B] lacking in control.[C] totally distractive.[D] worthy of relaxing.19. With respect to the changes in productivity, the text suggests that[A] work deadlines can be readjusted.[B] they are reasonable and expectable.[C] Monday meetings may be called off.[D] their differences are to be minimized.20. The author has explained all of the following EXCEPT[A] the steps taken to alter workweek rhythms.[B] the productivity on the 6th day of the week.[C] the reason why midweek slowdown takes place.[D] the concern bosses have about low productivity.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about marketing strategies. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A ?D F for each numbered paragraph (21 ?D 25). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A] Which marketing tactic must an entity take?[B] Quality first, competition second[C] Exemplify offensive measures[D] Complex factors cause due market analysis[E] The motive for proceeds also functions[F] Strategy varies with external conditionsThere are three general marketing strategies that an organizationcan adopt.21.The first is an aggressive strategy, characterized by generating a great deal of promotion, varying prices, changing the times and places at which the products/services are offered, differentiating the products/services from those of competing organizations, hiring creative salespersons to promote the products/services, spending lots of money on marketing activities, and so forth.22.The second general marketing strategy is a minimal one, characterized by doing very little promotion, pricing below market, offering services at traditional places and times, spending very little money on promotion and salespersons, and so forth. The third is a balanced marketing strategy, an in-between strategy that differs from an aggressive strategy and a minimal strategy only in degree. These three strategies are appropriate alternatives for any organization. However, not every organization needs an aggressive strategy, nor does every organization need a balanced strategy or a minimal one. The situation facing each entity is obviously different, calling for an analysis of the factors that dictate which of the three alternative strategies is most suitable for each organization.23.The first major factor is the nature of the market competition facing the organization. If it is in a monopoly position, with no direct competitors in its market area, then a minimal marketing strategy issuitable. However, if the organization is in an oligopoly market position, with a few competitors in its market area, then a balanced marketing strategy is called for. If there is a high degree of competition and several competing products/services in its market area, this would suggest an aggressive marketing strategy. Further, if there are many other forms of indirect competition, then the organization should pursue a balanced marketing strategy.24.The second major factor is the quality of the products/services offered. If the organization has high-quality products/services, a minimal marketing strategy is called for, other factors being equal. If it is in a weak market position with low-quality products/services, a minimal marketing strategy should be pursued. If the products/services are of medium quality, this would suggest a balanced strategy.25.The third major factor is the revenue strategies that the managers may desire to pursue. For example, if the managers want to maximize the organization’s revenues from its products’services, then the organization should adopt an aggressive marketing strategy. If it wants to minimize revenues, then it should pursue a minimal strategy. However, if it wants to balance its revenues? D not maximizing and not minimizing ?D then a balanced marketing strategy is called for. These factors may be summarized and put into decision model for an administrator to use in deciding which general marketing strategyhis/her organization should use. Once the strengths and weaknesses are weighted for each factor, an overall evaluation can be completed, allowing the administrator to arrive at an overall decision ?D that is ,whether to follow an aggressive, balanced, or minimal general marketing strategy.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Not long ago, technology in the home was carved up into well-defined territories: The PC ?D care of Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and the like ?D presided over the home office. The television and stereo were king and queen of the living room. These days, though, the digital revolution is shaking up that comfortable ease. (26)With the advent of MP3 music files, personal video recorders, game machines, digital cameras, and a host of other media and services, it’s no longer clear who controls which bit of home floor. And that has set off a battle for dominance in home entertainment.The shake-up covers the technology spectrum. Microsoft Corp. is spending billions on entertainment initiatives such as its X-box video game comfort. Compaq Computer Corp. and Hewlett??Packard Co. sell MP3 music players that plug into home??stereo systems. PhilipsElectronics sells a stereo that hooks into a high-speed Internet connection to play music from the Web.Consumers are getting the message. (27) Sales of many of these devices should take off this year and next: U.S. shipments of MP3 digital music players for listening to songs downloaded from the Net are expected to jump by more than 50% this year, to 7 million units, according to researchers International Data Corp. Sales of personal video recorders, such as TiVo, which let you record TV shows for later viewing, should nearly triple this year in the U.S., to 2.2 million units.Even high-definition television(HDTV) ?D the durable Next Big Thing ?D may soon take off. (28) By the end of 2003, nearly 6 million U.S. homes should have HDTV sets, and by yearend, some 7.7 million American homes are expected to have networks to tie their digital gear together, with strong growth spurred by a new standard for wireless links called WiFi.Call it the next big wave of technology. (29) After the PC era and the Internet Age, many consumers have grown comfortable with tech: Two-thirds of U.S. homes own PCs today, while 60% have Internet access, according to researchers Gartner Data-quest. To reach the rest of the market, technology companies need to build simpler devices that offer more entertainment. (30) And these new machines need to work together as readily as stereo components do today, and should be nearlyas easy to set up and use as a telephone or a television. That is leading to the computerization of technology over the next five to ten years. The future is about MP3 players, digital video, and the like.参考答案Part AText 1: 1. A2. C3. D4. B5. AText 2: 6. D7. C8. C9. B10. DText 3: 11. C12. B13. D14. D15. BText 4: 16. C17. D18. B19. D20. APart B21. C 22. A 23. F 24. B 25. EPart C26. 随着MP3音乐文档、个人录像机、游戏机、数码照相机及许多其它媒体和服务器的问世，究竟谁会占据家庭中的哪块地盘，就很难说了。

考研英语真题翻译1990-2012打印版(附答案)

考研英语历年真题翻译部分(附答案，打印版)1990年 (2)1991年 (2)1992年 (3)1993年 (4)1994年 (4)1995年 (5)1996年 (5)1997年 (6)1998年 (6)1999年 (7)2000年 (8)2001年 (8)2002年 (9)2003年 (10)2004年 (10)2005年 (11)2006年 (11)2007年 (12)2008年 (13)2009年 (13)2010年 (14)2011年 (15)2012年 (15)真题翻译答案 (17)Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)1990年People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (21) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”(22) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (23) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (24) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (25) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (26) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (27) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (28) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.1991年The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (31) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at thepresent rate of use.(32) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.(33) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (34) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (35) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.1992年“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1993年(31) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (32) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (33) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (34) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-know n incident in one of Motiere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (35)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.1994年According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (31) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (32) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innum erable directions.”(33)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (34) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on theheavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (35)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1995年The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. (31) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (32 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (33) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(34) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.(35) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1996年The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 31）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32）This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33）This seemsmostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a val id determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34）However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to d eal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 35）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.1997年Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 31）Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.32）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “ I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.33）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.34）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh o ther’s interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.35）When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mank ind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1998年They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. Whatthe researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.34) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true1999年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)31）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequentl y partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.32）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 33）During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 34）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research in terests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technical fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.35）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticismof sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.2000年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］2001年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically。

考研英语翻译历年真题试卷汇编9_真题-无答案

考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编9(总分60,考试时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.思考的人——2011年英译汉及详解With its theme that "Mind is the master weaver," creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinketh by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.【F1】Allen"s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and【F2】while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are." Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don"t "get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen"s book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him."【F3】This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat,【F4】circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person"s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen"s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.【F5】The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.1. 【F1】2. 【F2】3. 【F3】4. 【F4】5. 【F5】正规教育的地位——2009年英译汉及详解There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.【F1】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.【F2】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world"s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.【F3】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.【F4】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.【F5】We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.6. 【F1】7. 【F2】8. 【F3】9. 【F4】10. 【F5】达尔文的思想——2008年英译汉及详解In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but【F1】he believes that this very difficulty may have had **pensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.【F2】He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.【F3】On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and hasconvinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."【F4】He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to **mon run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. "【F5】Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.11. 【F1】12. 【F2】13. 【F3】14. 【F4】15. 【F5】美国的知识分子——2006年英译汉及详解Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?【F1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.【F2】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one.【F3】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.【F4】But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.【F5】They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson would say, is something else.16. 【F1】17. 【F2】18. 【F3】19. 【F4】20. 【F5】。

历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解

第一部分英译汉全真试题Unit 1（1994年）According to the new school of scientists，technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.（71）Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.（72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach o f science in innumerable directions.”（73）Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo，Newton，Maxwell，Einstein，and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to，and derived great benefit from，craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes，genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy，an astronomer of the second century，whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions.（74）Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story，according to the new school of scientists，was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.（75）Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Unit 1 翻译题解：71）Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.第二、句子主干结构是：1．not so much through... as because of...与其……倒不如……2．因为not so much... as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。

考研英语翻译试题真题.doc

考研英语翻译试题真题历年考研英语翻译试题真题(一览)Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)1. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。

2. 他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。

3. 我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。

4. 很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。

5. 昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。

翻译Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)1. The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and favorable weather condition.2. The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.3. What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation.4. It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.5. If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved.Section VIII English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.(1) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(2) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.(3) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(4) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders”with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”(5) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.(6) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(7) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.(8) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.翻译Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)1. 如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文1984年翻译真题及译文：The deadly yellow-fever mosquito, which has conquered the tropical world, was accidentally transplanted along with slaves from Africa to the Americas. It took more lives, especially of newcomers, during the building of the Panama Canal than had the yellow fever itself. In addition to building airports, highways, and irrigation canals, tropical man with his planes, trains, and ships, has created a massive world-wide transportation system that makes it possible for species to cross oceans, continents, and mountain ranges— all barriers to the dispersal (of insects). When Homo sapiens first went into Africa and then Out of Africa, the tropical jungle met him with an incredible profusion of plants, birds, insects, and other animals. Some of these organisms saw human beings as congenial hosts. Others recognized him as potential competition. The human animal responded with a series of ecological innovations. For example, early man learned how to use fire to defend his territory. But he could not cross the oceans, or climb sheer Ben Nevis or Mount Everest. And so, he left unexplored some of the best human habitats.翻译译文：致命的黄热病蚊子是被误运至美洲的非洲奴隶一同带来的，这种蚊子已征服了热带地区。

研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9_Text A1

Financial crisis leads to the rethinking of careers.
A new map of talent flow is presented.
Text Study
Audio
Para. 1
1 In the Depression, smart college students flocked into civil engineering to design the highway, bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱidge and dam-building projects of those days. In the Sputnik era, students poured into the sciences as America bet on technology to combat the cold war Communist challenge. Yes, the jobs beckoned and the pay was good. But those careers, in their day, had other perks: respect and self-esteem.
keep/leave your options open avoid making a decision now so that one still has a choice later 暂不作决定; 留有选择余地: Don’t take the job now. Keep your options open until you leave university. 先别接受这份工作--暂时保留选择权, 到离开这所大学再说.
Reading—Text A
Main Idea & Structure Text Study

历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解 (9)

考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010

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研究生英语读写译教程 第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案

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考研英语翻译试题真题.doc

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文

研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9_Text A1

研究生英语读写译教程第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案