雅礼中学2019届高三第一次质量检测
2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题 含解析

2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期第一次月考英语注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷(选择题)一、阅读理解Podcasts〔播客)The B S. ReportDesigned for the sports fan with a sense of humor, the B.S. Report is hosted by the sportswriter Bill Simmons. Simmons show is in very loose and free form and it's not uncommon for him to go almost a whole show without even mentioning sports.Wait, Wait…… Don't Tell MeOne of the most popular Programs on National Public Radio, Wait. Wait... Don’t Tell Me is now available as a podcast. The show is a news program in the form of a game show. Each week a group of humorists and writers join host Peter Sagal in Chicago, where they are quizzed on the weeks most important and funny news stories. Listeners also get to call in to play different news-related games for a prizeThe MothThe Moth is a weekly podcast run by a nonprofit art organization. The show is made up of recordings of "true stories told before a live audience without notes". Each week. the group releases short 10-20 minute tales told by people from all walks of life. Past Presenters have included writers, comedians, scientists, and even New York City police officers.FilmspottingFilmspotting is a weekly podcast and is a must-listen for any movie fan. The show is focused on movie reviews, but hosts Adam Kempenaar and Matty Robinson do more than just tell their listeners which new movie is worth seeing. They also discuss and examine the film as an art form. The how doesn’t just focus on current movies, either, as the hosts frequently discuss old films as part of theme marathons.1.If you are a police officer. you can take part in______.A.The B.S.Report B.Wait, Wait ..Don’t Tell MeC.The Moth D.Filmspotting2.What do The Moth and Filmspotting have in common?A.They are weekly programs B.They are open to everyoneC.Their hosts tell stories to the listeners. D.They are nonprofit arts organizations3.Which of the following is TRUE?A.You can play games in The B. S. Report.B.People can tell stories in The MothC.Adam Kempenaar just tells their listeners old movies.D.The Moth is available only in New YorkI grew up in a middle-class family. Dad worked hard to support our family and Mom tried to save money while making sure we had enough food to eat and clothes to wear. One of their greatest desires was to raise decent, loving children who had an opportunity to finish collegeMy brother, Gene. never hesitated to learn new things. He had an artistic hand, so he went into fine arts for a while. He also did a lot of screens about computers. He became so good at it that the school hired him to teach there after he completed his studies. My younger brother also pursued computers, following in his footsteps.Gene did not have a history of any health problems from his very young age to adulthood. One day. he came home from teaching, ate his dinner and went to bed. That evening,my“healthy”brother died suddenly of a cardiac arrest(心跳骤停).My parents were extremely sad.At the viewing in the funeral house, amidst the sadness, my parents felt so much pride. So many people came and each was relating a story of how they were touched by GeneA cleaner came to say that practically every day Gene brought him a sandwich. Finally, Mom found out why Gene had taken so many sandwiches to school! Then there was a man who came in bringing money, saying that Gene had lent him some when he was down and out. Gene had never asked him for the money back.From the school president to the guard. people came. And because of his good heart and deeds, my younger brother was awarded a full scholarship in the school as a tribute to my dead brother.In the end, my parents realized that even at the young age of 26, my brother had lived a full life and was very instrumental in helping others live theirs a little better.4.What was the biggest wish of the authors parents?A.To have a better lifeB.To save enough money for the futureC.To give their children a college educationD.To raise their children to be respectable people5.The authors parents felt proud in the funeral house because______.A.many people from all walks of life cameB.Gene was praised by the school presidentC.Genes brother was awarded a full scholarshipD.they heard about many good deeds done by Gene6.What can we learn about Gene from the passage?A.He took many sandwiches to school to share with othersB.He lent a man some money and then asked for it backC.He was not in very good health from an early age.D.He taught fine arts in his school7.What is the message conveyed in the passage?A.Good deeds deserve praise.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Kindness in students should be encouragedD.The meaning of life consists in its dedication, not its length.Next week California will try to take cell phones from the hands of drivers, telling everyone from millionaires to workers that conversations behind the wheel must be on an earphone.Californians interviewed by Reuters mostly supported the law requiring hands-free phones in cars and banning cell phones entirely for drivers under 18, which will take effect on Tuesday, though they were puzzled by a loophole(漏洞) that allows seemingly more dangerous text messaging. Some were doubtful about lawmakers, who they blamed for failing to build more freeways or public transportation in the face of increasingly crowded roads in the nations most populous state and said hands-free conversations were not safer.KFI-AM radio talk-show host John Kobylt told Reuters. “It's stupid because we’ve one over about seven different studies and each one of them says it s the conversation that distracts you, n ot holding the phone.”State Senator Joe Simitian, who introduced the bill, said keeping both hands on the wheel was always safer. He expected his law to save hundreds of lives. The Democratic lawmaker was considering introducing a new law to ban text mess aging in the car. which he said wasn’t an issue when he began working on the first one in 2001.Connecticut, New Jersey and New York have already banned drivers from talking on hand-held cell phones. In New Jersey, police have issued 35.000 tickets for using a hand-held phone or texting while driving since the law went into effect on March 1.But Californians interviewed by Reuters expressed ambivalence."On the one hand I don’t want to see people crash into each other, but I'm not going to get an ear thing.” 38-year-old bank employee Jason Fischer said in Los Angeles.8.We can infer from Paragraph 2 that______.A.most Californians hate to use an earphone while making a call in the carB.public transportation in California isn’t developed enoughC.in New Jersey few people use a hand-held phoneD.most of Californians are probably against the new law9.According to John Kobylt,_________.A.all the lawmakers are stupidB.holding the phone is safer than using an earphoneC.it isn’t dangerous to make a phone call while drivinD.it is the phone conversation while driving that is really dangerous10.What will State Senator Joe Simitian probably do in the futureA.He will sup suggest a law to forbid text messaging while rivingB.He will conduct a new survey among CaliforniansC.He will suggest building more roads in CaliforniaD.He will suggest a law to completely ban cell phones while driving.11.The underlined word "ambivalence" in the last paragraph probably refers to______.A.a positive attitude B.a negative attitudeC.a confused feeling D.an excited feelingIn his 1930 essay "Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren". John Keynes. a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs. which make us feel superior to our fellows.He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无法满足的), this is not true of absolute needs。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期一模文科综合地理试题

雅礼中学2019届高考模拟卷(一)文科综合能力测试地理学高三地理备课组政治:谢科明雅礼中学高三历史备课组学高三文综备课组时量:150分钟満分:300分本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
1至42题是必考题,43至47题为选考题。
第Ⅰ卷选择题(共140分)本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
罗新摩尔受斯克市(33"E,69“N)使用莫斯科时间(东三区)。
2019年1月11日,该市居民迎来了今年的第一黎明,日照时间仅为48分钟。
这一天,W市和S市分別于当地时间6时52分∙4时53分同时日出。
据此回答1~2題。
1.当日,摩尔曼斯克市的日出时间大约为当地时间A.0时24分B.11时36分C.12时24分D.23时36分2.S市位下W市的A.西北方向B.东北方向C..东南方向D.西南方向水质污染指数用来衡量水污染程度,数值越大说明水污染越重。
珠江口海域一直承受着巨大的环境压力,其水质与生态环境质量近年来一直备受关注。
读“珠江口7月海域水质污染指数的平面分布示意图”,回答3~4题。
3.据7月海域水质污染图推测珠江口海域1月污染等值线空间分布特点的叙述.正确的是A.由珠江口向外海,等值线数值变大B.等值线由珠江口向外海弯曲C.相比7月,1月相同等值线离珠江口的距离变小D.相比7月,I月在等值距相同的情况下,等值线的密度变小4.有关珠江口污染的叙述,正确的是A.冬季海水倒灌处污染更严重B.夏季水量大,从陆地帯来的污染物多,污染比冬季严重C.河口海流的运动不利于污染物的扩散D离陆地越近,受阳地影响越大,污染越严重下图示意”一带一路”沿线能源型高收入经济体人ロ规模-与人口結构。
读图完成5~7题。
5.人口结构最年轻的国家是A,科威特 B. 阿联酋 C.卡塔尔 D.沙特阿拉伯6.除文莱外,其他国家外籍人口占比较高,人量的外籍人口会使所在国A.就业困难B文化多元化C.城市化受阻D.人口容量变大7.从长远来看,为促进图示国家经济的可持续发展,最有效的途径是A.扩大能源输出量B提高能源加工深度C.提高能源价格D.积极开展多种经营荷兰国上面为4.18万平方千米,人口约1682万,是世界上人ロ密度最大的国家之一。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期一模数学(理)试题(word版)

雅礼中学2019届高考模拟卷(一)数学(理科)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。
用2B 型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I 卷一、选择题:本题共12小题。
每小题5分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中。
只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.为正实数,i 为虚数单位,2a ii+=,则a = A. 2 B. 3 C. 2 D. 12.已知集合{}{}212,4503A x zz B x x x x=∈∈=--≤+,则A B = A. {}1,0,1,2,3- B. {}1,0,1,2- C. {}1,0,1- D. {}0,1,2,3 3.如下图是2017年第一季度五省GDP 情况图,则下列陈述中不正确的是A. 2017年第一季度GDP 增速由高到低排位第5的是浙江省.B.与去年同期相比,2017年第一季度的GDP 总量实现了增长.C.去年同期河南省的GDP 总量不超过4000亿元.D. 2017年第一季度GDP 总量和增速由高到低排位均居同一位的省只有1个 4.设02x π≤≤1sin 2sin cos x x x -=-,则A. 0x π≤≤B.744x ππ≤≤C. 544x ππ≤≤D. 322x ππ≤≤ 5.设x 、y 、z 是空间不同的直线或平面,对下列四种情形:①x 、y 、z 均为直线;②x 、y 是直线,z 是平面;③z 是直线,x 、y 是平面;④x 、y 、z 均为平面。
2019年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考物理一模试卷(解析版)

2019年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考物理一模试卷一、单选题(本大题共4小题,共24.0分)1.下列说法正确的是()A. 氢原子的核外电子从低能级跃迁到高能级时,吸收光子,电子的轨道半径增大B. 是核裂変方程,当铀块体积大于临界体积时,才能发生链式反应C. 从金属表面逸出的光电子的最大初动能与照射光的强度无关,与照射光的频率成正比D. 射线是高速运动的氦原子核,能够穿透几厘米厚的铅板2.从离水平地面高H处以速度v0水平抛出一个小球A,同时在其正下方地面上斜抛另一个小球B,两球同时落到地面上同一位置,小球B在最高点时,距地面的高度为h,速度为v,则以下关系正确的是()A. ,B.C.D.3.如图所示,地球绕太阳的运动与月亮绕地球的运动可简化成同一平面内的匀速圆周运动,农历初一前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为F1,农历十五前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为F2,则农历初八前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为()A. B. C. D.4.一质量为m1的物体以v0的初速度与另一质量为m2的静止物体发生碰撞,其中m2=km1,k<1.碰撞可分为完全弹性碰撞、完全非弹性碰撞以及非弹性碰撞。
碰撞后两物体速度分别为v1和v2.假设碰撞在一维上进行,且一个物体不可能穿过另一个物体。
物体1撞后与碰撞前速度之比的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.二、多选题(本大题共6小题,共33.0分)5.如图所示为小朋友喜欢的磁性黑板,下面有一个托盘,让黑板撑开一个安全角度(黑板平面与水平面的夹角为θ),不易倾倒,小朋友不但可以在上面用专用画笔涂鸦,磁性黑板擦也可以直接吸在上面。
图中就有小朋友把一块质量m为黑板擦吸在上面保持静止,黑板与黑板擦之间的动摩擦因数μ,则下列说法正确的是()A. 黑板擦对黑板的压力大小为B. 黑板斜面对黑板的摩擦力大小为C. 黑板对黑板擦的摩擦力大于D. 黑板对黑板擦的作用力大小为mg6.与行星绕太阳微匀速周运动类似,处于基态的氢原子的核外电子绕核做匀速圆周运动,其轨道半径为r1,速度为v0,加速度为a1,周期为T1,形成的环形电流为I1;处于n=2的激发态的氢原子的核外电子绕核做匀速圆周运动,其轨道半径为r2,速度为v2,加速度为a2,周期为T2,形成的坏形电流为I2.已知r1:r2=1:4,则以下关系正确的是()A. ::1B. ::1C. ::4D. ::17.如图为模拟远距离输电的部分测试电路。
2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期一模数学(理)试题答案

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2019年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考物理一模试卷(解析版)

2019年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考物理一模试卷一、单选题(本大题共4小题,共24.0分)1.下列说法正确的是()A. 氢原子的核外电子从低能级跃迁到高能级时,吸收光子,电子的轨道半径增大B. 是核裂変方程,当铀块体积大于临界体积时,才能发生链式反应C. 从金属表面逸出的光电子的最大初动能与照射光的强度无关,与照射光的频率成正比D. 射线是高速运动的氦原子核,能够穿透几厘米厚的铅板2.从离水平地面高H处以速度v0水平抛出一个小球A,同时在其正下方地面上斜抛另一个小球B,两球同时落到地面上同一位置,小球B在最高点时,距地面的高度为h,速度为v,则以下关系正确的是()A. ,B.C.D.3.如图所示,地球绕太阳的运动与月亮绕地球的运动可简化成同一平面内的匀速圆周运动,农历初一前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为F1,农历十五前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为F2,则农历初八前后太阳与月亮对地球的合力约为()A. B. C. D.4.一质量为m1的物体以v0的初速度与另一质量为m2的静止物体发生碰撞,其中m2=km1,k<1.碰撞可分为完全弹性碰撞、完全非弹性碰撞以及非弹性碰撞。
碰撞后两物体速度分别为v1和v2.假设碰撞在一维上进行,且一个物体不可能穿过另一个物体。
物体1撞后与碰撞前速度之比的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.二、多选题(本大题共6小题,共33.0分)5.如图所示为小朋友喜欢的磁性黑板,下面有一个托盘,让黑板撑开一个安全角度(黑板平面与水平面的夹角为θ),不易倾倒,小朋友不但可以在上面用专用画笔涂鸦,磁性黑板擦也可以直接吸在上面。
图中就有小朋友把一块质量m为黑板擦吸在上面保持静止,黑板与黑板擦之间的动摩擦因数μ,则下列说法正确的是()A. 黑板擦对黑板的压力大小为B. 黑板斜面对黑板的摩擦力大小为C. 黑板对黑板擦的摩擦力大于D. 黑板对黑板擦的作用力大小为mg6.与行星绕太阳微匀速周运动类似,处于基态的氢原子的核外电子绕核做匀速圆周运动,其轨道半径为r1,速度为v0,加速度为a1,周期为T1,形成的环形电流为I1;处于n=2的激发态的氢原子的核外电子绕核做匀速圆周运动,其轨道半径为r2,速度为v2,加速度为a2,周期为T2,形成的坏形电流为I2.已知r1:r2=1:4,则以下关系正确的是()A. ::1B. ::1C. ::4D. ::17.如图为模拟远距离输电的部分测试电路。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期一模理科综合化学试题(word版)

雅礼中学2019届高考模拟卷(一)理科综合能力测试化学命题人、审题人:雅礼中学高三理科综合备课组可能用到的相对原子质量:H~1 C~12 N~-14 O~16 Na~23 S~32 Ag~108 Ba~137第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共126分)一、选择题(本题共13小題,每小題6分,共78分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的7.根据所给信息.和标志,判断下列说法错误的是8.N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是A. Cu与浓硝酸反应生成4.6gNO2和N2O混合气体时,转移电子数为0.1N AB.标准状況下,2.24L已烷中共价键的数目为1.9N AC.在0.1mol/L.的Na2CO3溶液中,阴离子总数一定大于0.1N AD.34gH2O2中含有的阴离子数为N A9.下列实验现象和结论相对应且正确的是10.一种芳纶纤的拉伸强度比钢丝还高,广泛用作防护材料。
其结构片段如下图所示:下列关于该高分子的说法不正确的是A.芳纶纤维可用作航天、航空、国防等高科技领域的重要基础材料B.完全水解产物的单个分子中,含有官能团一COOH或一NH2C.氢键对该高分子的性能有影响D.结构简式为11.科学工作者研发了一种SUNCA T的系统,借助锂循环可持续合成其原理如右图所示。
下列说法不正确的是A.过程I得到的Li3N的电子式为B过程Ⅱ生成W的反应为Li3N+3H2O==3LiOH+NH3↑C.过程Ⅲ涉及的阳极反应为4OH-4e ==O↑+2H2OD.过程I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ均为氧化还原反应12.X、Y、Z、W是原子序数依次增大的前四周期元素,X、Z的周期序数===族序数,由这四种元素组成的单质或化合物存在如图所示的转化关系,其中甲、戊是两常见的金属单质,丁是非金属单质,其余为氧化物且丙为具有磁性的黑色晶体。
下列说法正确的是A.W的原子序数是Z的两倍,金属性强于ZB.W元素在周期表中的位置是第四周期VIII族C.丙属于两性氧化物D. 等物质的量的甲和戊完全溶于稀硝酸,消耗的HNO3的量一定相等13.分别向体积均为100ml.、浓度均为1ml/L的NaClO、NaOH、CH3COONa的三种溶液中通入CO2,测得各溶液中n(HCO3—)的变化如下图所示:下列分析正确的是A.CO 2通入NaClO 溶液的反应:2ClO —+CO 2+H 2O==CO 32—+2HClOB.CO 通入CH3COONa 溶液的反应:CO 2+H 2O+ CH 3COO —=HCO 3—+ CH 3COOHC. 通入n(CO 2)=0.06mol 时,NaOH 溶液中的反应:2OH —+CO 2=CO 32—+H 2OD. 通入n(CO 2)=0.03mol 时,三种溶液中:n(HCO 3—)+n(CO 32—)+n(H 2CO 3)=0.03mol26.(15分)文献表明:工业上,向炽热铁屑中通入氯化氢生产无水氯化亚铁;相同条件下,草酸根(C2O 42—的还原性强于Fe 2+。
2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、阅读理解(每小题2分,共15小题,计30分)1、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模(A篇)第21~23题6分(每题2分)Whistler World Ski & Snowboard Festival There are many reasons why the World Ski & Snowboard Festival has been so popular for the past 22 years. Known to locals as WSSF, the festival combines spring energy with Whistler's unique mountain culture. It is being held from 10th April to 15th April, at the Whistler Conference Centre in Whistler, Canada. There are photography, filmmaking, ski and snowboard competitions.WSSF ScheduleBelow are some of the events.Tuesday, April 10Eight famous adventurers give visual stories to the audience. The eight people include mountain bikers Darren Berrecloth and Hans Rey, climber John Long, diver Jill Heinerth, snowboarder Alex Warburton, skier Johnny Thrash, and adventurers Casey Brown and Ted Baird.Wednesday, April 11This free exhibit gives you a deeper look at mountain culture. It goes further than simply landscapes and wildlife. The exhibit will be open to everyone from April 11 to April 13.Teams have 72 hours to shoot, edit and produce a short film taken within 100 kilometres of Whistler Village. Judges will choose just one winner for "Best of show".Thursday, April 12Six photographers compete to amaze the judges and the audience with pictures that record sports, culture and the human spirit.Friday, April 13Whistler Blackcomb is the fourth stop in British Columbia, Canada, for this snowboard contest. The contest is free to enter and the two champions(man and woman) will share C $ 50, 000.Saturday, April 14Competitors include a mix of racing legends. The audience can view the ski race for free. * The ski race depends on the weather and is scheduled for Saturday, April 14 but may be moved to Friday, April 13—check wssf. com for up-to-date information.(1) What can we learn about the World Ski & Snowboard Festival?A. It is a seven-day festival.B. It is held in April every year.C. It has a history of over twenty years.D. It is best known for Whistler's mountain culture.(2) What can visitors do during the World Ski & Snowboard Festival?A. Enjoy films made by competitors on April 11.B. See eight famous mountain bikers on April 10.C. Watch a ski race that will definitely happen on Saturday.D. View an exhibit featuring mountain culture on April 12.(3) Which of the events mentioned in the text offers a prize?A. The ski race.B. The snowboard contest.C. The photography competition.D. The filmmaking competition.2、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模(B篇)第24~27题8分(每题2分)Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn, California. Over the last three and a half years, the anti-littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts(烟头) from the streets of her home city.Called the "Butt Lady" by her local community, Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October, 2014. The woman looked for cigarette butts, picked them up and threw them in the trash. To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a historic milestone—one million cigarette butts."I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere, " Sally Dawly said. "I'm just shocked that I had to pick up so many. I've be ever picked up 3, 000 butts in one day, " she said. "Don't throw away your butts; better yet, stop smoking."With so many cigarette butts littering the streets, can one person's efforts really make a difference? Surprisingly, the answer seems to be yes. Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread, cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city. Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone.Sally knows her city's cigarette butt littering problem won't be solved anytime soon, but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets. She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers, and already has a new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts.Word of the Butt Lady's efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt-free has reached neighboring communities as well, and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well.(1) Why does Sally Dawly carry an iPad with her while picking up the butts?A. To entertain the crowds.B. To monitor the smokers.C. To attract people's attention.D. To record the number of butts.(2) How did Sally Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts?A. Excited but upset.B. Shocked and sorry.C. Frightened but content.D. Astonished and desperate.(3) From the text, what can be inferred about Sally Dawly?A. She picks up nearly 3, 000 cigarette butts every day.B. She will work in other cities in California in the future.C. She has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts.D. She picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community.(4) What is the text mainly about?A. California's "Butt Lady".B. Fighting against smoking.C. Californians' health problems.D. Smoking problems in California.3、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模(C篇)第28~31题8分(每题2分)Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary. All members of the human species understand it. Unlike English or French or Swahili, we don't have to learn to speak it. We're born with the capacity to laugh.Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter. Contrary to folk wisdom, most laughter is not about humor; it is about relationships. To find out when and why people laugh, I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. Over a 10-year period, we studied over 2, 000 cases of naturally occurring laughter.We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes. People may laugh after a variety of statements, such as, "Here comes Mary, " "How did you do on the test? " or "Do you have a rubber band? " These certainly aren't jokes.We believe laughter evolved from the panting(喘气的) behavior of our ancient ancestors. Today, if we tickle(使发痒) chimps, they don't laugh. But, instead, they produce a panting sound. That's the sound of ape laughter, and it's the root of human laughter.Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter, like games that involve chasing. Other animals produce sounds during play, but they are so different from laughter. Rats, for example, produce high sounds during play and when tickled, but these are very different in sound from human laughter.Laughter is often positive, but it can be negative too. There's a difference between "laughing with" and "laughing at". People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh, but young children probably laugh the most. At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter, how it has evolved, and why we're so TAL#NBSP susceptible to tickling.(1) What was the purpose of the decade's research?A. To prove that people laugh because of humour.B. To find out the real reason for people's laughter.C. To research people's different reaction on jokes.D. To record conversations among shoppers in malls.(2) What can we learn from the text?A. People who play more tend to laugh more.B. Apes produce high sounds when tickled.C. Scientists know the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.(3) What does the underlined word "susceptible" in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Flexible.C. Addictive.D. Reliable.(4) Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Impact of LaughterB. The Meaning of LaughterC. A Big Mystery: Why Do We Laugh?D. Laughter: The Most Beautiful Words4、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模(D篇)第32~35题8分(每题2分)A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120, 000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf carved(崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg—A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provided us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change, " she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAS, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的)on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be." He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitatswarm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctic a, the study shows.(1) Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.(2) What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctic a.(3) What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.(4) What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctic a are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.二、七选五(每小题2分,共5小题,计10分)5、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模第36~40题10分(每题2分)There is a large percentage of Asian people in the US. They're hard-working, respectful but strange sometimes.1Asian people are different from people in any other cultures. If you think know them, you might want to think again.How are they different? When it comes to most Asian culture, respect iteverything.2If you dint show proper respect for him, you will get some real consequences afterward and especially if he's your boss. It's something called "face saving" in the Asian culture. It's ridiculous sometimes but it's their culture. Sometimes their culture can come in between their relationship at work. Asian people might expect a lot of respect from their co-workers when their co-workers just see them as an equal.3If you're Asian, you might want to understand the American culture and even adapt to their culture if you work with them. It will be easier for you since you're in their countries. Imagine an American working in China, expecting Chinese co-workers to get along with him when he criticizes them straight out on every single matter in front everyone. I think they will take him outside and take care of him.4If you're an American boss giving your Asian employee a review, you will see that they will have a problem with your negative remarks. They will think that you don't like them, disrespectful, and want to get rid of them.5Of course, it's not fair for you as an American boss but just expect that it can be something that is on your Asian employee's mind.A. In fact, you're just doing your job.B. So you have no choice but to trust them.C. Americans cannot get along well with Asians.D. It just doesn't work that way with Asian people.E. Americans are very different from Asian people.F. You can do anything you want but don't disrespect an Asian man.G. If you don't understand their culture, you will get some problems with them.三、完型填空(每小题1.5分,共20小题,计30分)6、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模第41~60题30分(每题1.5分)An 18-year-old student was struggling to pay his tuition fees. As an orphan, he didn't know whomto1to for money. So he decided to host a musical concert at Standford University to2money for his education.He reached out to the great3, Ignacy Jan Paderewski.Paderewski4 a fee of US $2, 000 for the piano concert. A dealwas5. And the boy began to6to make the concert a success.The7day arrived. Paderewski performed at Standford University.But8, the boy hadn't managed to sell enough tickets. Thetotal9was only US $1, 600. Disappointed, he went to Paderewskiand10his plight(困境). He gave Paderewski the entire US $1, 600, plus a cheque for the11of US $4, 00. The boy promisedto12the money as soon as possible.Paderewski tore up the cheque,13the US $1, 600 and told the boy, "14the money for your tuition fees, and just give me whatever is left." The boy was very15, and thanked him sincerely.It was a small16of kindness. We all comeacross17like this in our lives. And most of us only think, "If I helped them, what would happen to me? "The truly18people would think, "If I don't help them, what would happen to them? " They don't do it19something in return. They do it because they feel it's the20thing to do.A. turnB. applyC. relateD. referA. borrowB. raiseC. makeD. begA. pianistB. violinistC. drummerD. singerA. promisedB. demandedC. suggestedD. chargedA. draftedB. recordedC. struckD. postponedA. playB. workC. practiceD. cooperateA. brightB. easyC. warmD. bigA. unfortunatelyB. unfaithfullyC. unwillinglyD. uncertainlyA. chargeB. collectionC. gainD. costA. analysedB. announcedC. consultedD. explainedA. interestB. priceC. balanceD. incomeA. give backB. put awayC. take downD. leave outA. hidB. dividedC. castD. returnedA. GetB. AcceptC. KeepD. WithdrawA. surprisedB. panickedC. embarrassedD. terrifiedA. choiceB. actC. habitD. wishA. conversationsB. examplesC. situationsD. processesA. braveB. smartC. greatD. curiousA. acceptingB. predictingC. chargingD. expectingA. goodB. wiseC. realD. right四、语法填空(每小题1.5分,共10小题,计15分)7、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模第61~70题15分(每题1.5分)US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck once1(write), "Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but2manner of traveling." But traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the movie Green Book.The movie3(adapt) from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires Italian-American Tony to drive him to performances, but they face problems because of Shirley's skin color. These problems enable them4(form) a special friendship."There's something so deeply right about this movie, so true5the time, " said US film critic LaSalle. The time LaSalle is talking about was between 1876 and1963,6African-Americans experienced a very different and difficult period. Many parts of the country had Jim Crow laws, which allowed7(race)segregation(隔离). But in 1936, a blackmail carrier named Victor H. Green published a list of friendly8(business) as a small book with a green cover. The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely. Then in 1964, Jim Crow laws went away. The book went away, too.Today many US people still remember the time of Jim Crow laws. Butthey9(probable) don't know about The Green Book. It'sa10(forget) part of the story.五、短文改错(每小题1分,共10小题,计10分)8、【来源】 2019年湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高三一模第71题10分(每题1分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
湖南省雅礼中学2019届高三语文上学期入学考试试题【含解析】

湖南省雅礼中学2019届高三语文上学期入学考试试题(含解析)本试卷共四道大题,22道小题,满分150分。
时量150分钟。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
新批评“反讽”理论的主要阐述者是布鲁克斯。
用他的说法:“语境对一个陈述语的明显的歪曲,我们称之为反讽。
”显然,这是一个非常宽泛的定义。
“反讽”概念的目的仍然是揭示语义在文学文本中的复杂变化。
根据新批评“文学性”观念,文学文本的基本特征是语义朦胧和语义多重。
“反讽”这一语言现象正好符合这一文学定义。
正因为这个原因,“反讽”就成为新批评最常用的概念之一。
从语义学立场来看,“反讽”本是指一种“正话反说”或“所言非所指”的语言现象。
在“反讽”中,字面上的意义与实际的意义有所不同甚至截然对立。
根据语言学观念,任何一个符号都存在于一定的语境当中,符号的意义会因语境而产生变化。
“反讽”产生的原理同样如此。
在“反讽”现象当中,语言符号巧妙地使用某个特定的语境,从而让一个符号不再表达其本义,而是表达另一个相反的意义。
这样,一个“反讽”就产生了。
从符号学能指与所指构造角度看,“反讽”实际上是一个符号能指与所指的断裂情形。
语言本是一种约定俗成的符号体系。
能指与所指的关系是确定不移的、无可更改的。
然而,“反讽”的出现却使一个符号的能指不再指向其约定俗成的固定所指,而指向另一个能指。
科学文本对语言的使用就完全合乎语言的约定规则和编码原则,坚决避免出现能指与所指的断裂。
文学文本则有意采用各种手法来违反语言的约定规则,从而使文学文本成为语义朦胧和复杂的符号系统。
不难看出,“反讽”的实质仍然是语义的变形化和复杂化。
在新批评看来,“反讽”是“文学性”的重要表现之一,也是形成“文学性”的重要手段之一。
在西方文学批评史上,“反讽”一向被认为是一种偶然使用的语言技巧,或至多是一种修辞格。
新批评则将“反讽”上升到“文学性”的高度,将它视为语义变化的典型现象,从而使之成为文学文本的根本属性。
湖南省雅礼中学届高三第一阶段摸底考试地理共8页

雅礼中学2019届高三年级第一次阶段考试试卷地理分值:100分时量:90分钟范围:地球、地图、地球运动、大气环境自然灾害一、单项选择题(每小题有且仅有一个选项是正确的,每小题2分,共50分)1.下列经纬网四图中,P点位置符合下列条件的是:①在东半球②在北半球③在中纬度A.甲B.乙 C.丙D.丁2.甲(23°26′N、160°E),乙(13°26′S、160°W)两点,甲点在乙点的A.东北B.西北C.西南D.东南下图中阴影部分表示黑夜,图示日期过后地球公转速度减慢。
据此回答。
3.关于图示时刻的叙述,正确的是( )A.太阳直射点的地理坐标是0°、70′EB.太阳直射点的地理坐标是23°26′N、70° WC.北京时间是3时20分D.23 °26′N正午太阳高度大于23 °26′S下图示意北半球低纬度某地某日(晴天)建筑各朝向墙面太阳辐射强度值的差异。
读图完成4~6题。
4.该地的经度是A.105°E B.131°E C.135°E D.101°E5.4条曲线中,代表北墙的是A.①B.② C.③D.④6.该日最可能是A.4月5日B.6月8日C.9月10日D.10月1日根据有关地图绘制的相关知识,完成7~ 8题。
7.用长、宽各1米的纸张绘制中国地图,采用的比例尺应最接近A.1∶5 500 000 B.1∶5 000 000 C.1∶4 500 000 D.1∶6 000 0008.下列四张地图图幅均相等,其中比例尺最大的是A.中国地图B.北京地图C.山东地图D.世界地图地图上等高线的弯曲与疏密蕴含着许多关于地形的信息。
右图是某地区等高线地形示意图,回答9~ 10题。
9.图中所示地区山脊的基本走向为A.东北-西南向B.东西向C.西北-东南向D.南北向10.图示山体主峰的西北坡地形特征是A.上、下部均陡峭B.上部较陡,下部较缓C.上、下部均平缓D.上部较缓,下部较陡下图是北半球中纬度某地区的地形图,读图回答11~12题。
2019届湖南雅礼中学高三第一次月考语文试题

湖南雅礼中学2019届高三第一次月考语文试题本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分,共8页。
考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡),在本试卷上答题无效,试卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟。
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一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
知道格律和模仿对于创造的关系,我们就可以知道天才和人力的关系了。
“天才”究竟是怎么一回事呢?它自然有一部分得诸遗传,也有一部分成于环境。
文艺批评家常欢喜说,伟大的人物都是他们的时代的骄子,艺术是时代和环境的产品。
这话也有不尽然。
伟大的时代不一定能产生伟大的艺术。
美国的独立,法国的大革命,在近代都是极重大的事件,而当时艺术却卑卑不足高论。
我承认遗传和环境的影响非常重大,但是我相信它们都不能完全解释天才。
在固定的遗传和环境之下,个人还有努力的余地。
遗传和环境对于人只是一个机会,一种本钱,至于能否利用这个机会,能否拿这笔本钱去做出生意来,则所谓“神而明之,存乎其人”。
有些人天资颇高而成就则平凡;也有些人天资并不特异而成就则斐然可观。
这中间的差别就在努力与不努力了。
只有死功夫固然不尽能发明或创造,但是能发明创造者却大半是下过死功夫来的。
【数学】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三上学期月考(一)试题(文)(解析版)-副本

,
∴ 故选: A
2.在复平面内,复数
的共轭复数对应的点位于(
)
A. 第一象限 【答案】 B
B. 第二象限
C. 第三象限
【解析】利用两个复数代数形式的除法,虚数单位
复数,从而得到答案 .
D. 第四象限 i 的幂运算性质化简复数 z,求出其共轭
∵复数
=
= =﹣1﹣ 3i,
∴
,它在复平面内对应点的坐标为(﹣ 1, 3),
word 文档,可自行编辑,欢迎下载使用
,
由
,解得: A( 2, 1),
由 z=2x+y 得: y=﹣ 2x+z, 显然直线 y=﹣2x+z 过( 2, 1)时, z 最大, 故 z 的最大值是: z=4+1=5 , 故选: D. 5.已知回归直线的斜率的估计值是 1.23,样本点的中心为 ( 4,5),则回归直线的方程是 ( )
word 文档,可自行编辑,欢迎下载使用
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学 2019 届高三上学期月考(一)
数学试题(文)
第 I卷 一、选择题:本大题共 12 个小题,每小题 5 分,共 60 分.在每小题给出的四个选项中, 只有一个选项是符合题目要求的
1.已知集合
,则
()
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 A
【解析】化简集合 A,根据交集的定义写出 A∩B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 C
【解析】根据回归直线方程一定经过样本中心点这一信息,即可得到结果.
由条件知,
,
设回归直线方程为
,
则
.
∴回归直线的方程是
故选: C
6.在数列 中,
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三上学期入学考试物理试题

雅礼中学2019届高三上学期入学考试试卷物理(考试范围:必修1、必修2、选修3—1库仑定律)得分:____________本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共8页. 时量90分钟,满分100分.第I 卷 选择题(共48分)一、选择题(本题包含12小题,每小题4分,共48分,其中1~8小题只有一个选项正确,9~12小题有多个选项正确,全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,错选或不选得0分,将选项填在答题卷上) 1. 在物理学的发展过程中,许多物理学家都做出了重要的贡献,他们也探索出了物理学的许多研究方法,下列关于物理研究方法的叙述中不正确的是 A. 根据速度定义式x v t ∆=∆,当t ∆足够小时,xt∆∆就可以表示物体在某时刻的瞬时速度,该定义应用了极限思想方法B. 重心、合力和交变电流的有效值等概念的建立都体现了等效替代的思想C. 理想化模型是把实际问题理想化,略去次要因素,突出主要因素,例如质点、点电荷、向心加速度等都是理想化模型D. 伽利略认为自由落体运动就是物体在倾角为90°的斜面上的运动,再根据铜球在斜面上的运动规律得出自由落体的运动规律,这是采用了实验和逻辑推理相结合的方法2. 科技馆中的一个展品如图所示,在较暗处有一个不断均匀滴水的水龙头,在一种特殊的间歇闪光灯的照射下,若调节间歇闪光时间间隔正好与水滴从A 下落到B 的时间相同,可以看到一种奇特的现象,水滴似乎不再下落,而是固定在图中的A 、B 、C 、D 四个位置不动,对出现的这种现象,下列描述正确的是(g 取10m/s 2)A. 水滴在下落过程中通过相邻两点之间的时间满足AB BC CD t t t <<B. sx x x=C. 水滴在相邻两点之间的位移满足::1:4:9AB BC CDv v v=D. 水滴在各点速度之比满足::1:3:5B C D3. 如图所示,滑块放在水平地面上,左边受一个弹簧拉力作用,弹簧原长小于悬挂点的高度,水平向右的拉力F拉动滑块,使滑块向右缓慢移动,并且滑块始终没有离开地面,则在上述过程中,下列说法正确的是A. 弹簧弹力在竖直方向的分量增大,滑块受到的摩擦力变小B. 弹簧弹力在竖直方向的分量增大,滑块受到的摩擦力不变C. 弹簧弹力在竖直方向的分量不变,滑块受到的摩擦力不变D. 弹簧弹力在竖直方向的分量不变,滑块受到的摩擦力变小4. 如图,斜面上a、b、c三点等距,小球从a点正上方O点拋出,做初速为v0的平拋运动,恰落在b点. 若小球初速变为2v0,则其落点位于A. c点的左侧B. c点C. c点的右侧D. 无法确定5. 如图所示是固定在桌面上的“C”形木块,abcd为半径为R的光滑圆轨道的一部分,a为轨道的最高点,de面水平. 将质量为m的小球在d点正上方h高处释放,小球自由下落到d处切入轨道运动,则A. 在h一定的条件下,释放小球后小球能否到a点,与小球质量有关B. 要使小球通过a点的条件是h>RC. 改变h的大小,就可使小球在通过a点后可能落回轨道之内,也可能落在de面上D. 无论怎样改变h的大小,都不可能使小球在通过a点后又落回轨道内6. 如图,在水平面上的箱子内,带异种电荷的小球a、b用绝缘细线分别系于上、下两边,处于静止状态. 地面受到的压力为N,球a所受细线的拉力为F. 剪断连接球a的细线后,在球下落的过程中地面受到的压力A. 等于N+FB. 大于N—FC. 等于N—FD. 小于N—F7. 2016年2月11日,美国自然科学基金召开新闻发布会宣布,人类首次探测到了引力波. 2月16日,中国科学院公布了一项新的探测引力波的“空间太极计划”. 由中山大学发起的空间引力波探测工程“天琴计划”于2015年7月正式启动. 计划从2016年到2035年分四阶段进行,将向太空发射三颗卫星探测引力波. 在目前讨论的初步概念中,天琴将采用三颗全同的卫星(SC1、SC2、SC3)构成一个等边三角形阵列,地球恰处于三角形中心,卫星将在以地球为中心、高度约10万公里的轨道上运行,针对确定的引力波源进行探测,这三颗卫星在太空中的分列图类似乐器竖琴,故命名为“天琴计划”. 则下列有关三颗卫星的运动描述正确的是A. 三颗卫星一定是地球同步卫星B. 三颗卫星具有相同的加速度C. 三颗卫星的线速度比月球绕地球运动的线速度大且大于第一宇宙速度D. 若知道引力常量G、三颗卫星绕地球运转周期T及地球的半径R,则可估算出地球的密度8. 如图,在光滑水平面上有一质量为m1的足够长的木板,其上叠放一质量为m2的木块. 假定木块和木板之间的最大静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力相等,现给木块施加一随时间t增大的水平力F=kt(k是常数),木板和木块加速度的大小分别为a1和a2,下列反映a和a2变化的图线中正确的是A. B.C. D.9. 如图所示,两个带电小球A、B分别处于光滑绝缘的竖直墙面和斜面上,且在同一竖直平面内. 用水平向左的推力F作用于B球,两球在图示位置静止. 现将B球沿斜面向上移动一小段距离,发现A球随之向上移动少许,两球在虚线位置重新平衡. 重新平衡后与移动前相比,下列说法正确的是A. 墙面对A 的弹力变小B. 斜面对B 的弹力不变C. 推力F 变大D. 两球之间的距离变大10. 如图a 、b 、c 、d 为光滑斜面上的四个点. 一小滑块自a 点由静止开始下滑,通过ab 、bc 、cd 各段所用时间均为T. 现让该滑块自b 点由静止开始下滑,则该滑块A. 通过bc 、cd 段的时间均大于TB. 通过c 、dC. 通过bc 、cd 段的位移之比为1:3D. 通过c 点的速度大于通过bd 段的平均速度11. 如图所示,一质量为M 、倾角为θ的斜面体置于水平面上,一质量为m 的滑块通过一跨过两定滑轮的轻绳与一重力为G 的钩码相连(两滑轮间的轻绳水平),现将滑块置于斜面上,滑块在斜面上匀速上滑,且发现在滑块运动过程中,斜面一直保持不动,则下列说法中正确的是A. 地面对斜面体的摩擦力方向水平向右,大小为GB. 滑块对斜面体的摩擦力方向沿斜面向上,大小为sin G mg θ-C. 地面对斜面体的支持力大小为(M +m )gD. 地面对斜面体的支持力大小为(M+m)g+G12. 如图所示,水平传送带以速度v1匀速运动,小物体P、Q由通过定滑轮且不可伸长的轻绳相连,t=0时刻P在传送带左端具有速度v2,P与定滑轮间的绳水平,t t=时刻P离开传送带. 不计定滑轮质量和摩擦,绳足够长. 正确描述小物体P速度随时间变化的图象可能是A. B. C. D.第I卷答题卡第II卷非选择题(共52分)二、实验题(共17分)13. (8分)某实验小组用如图甲所示的实验装置测当地的重力加速度,图中A、B是两个光电门,钢球自由下落过程中,先后通过光电门A、B,钢球通过光电门A时与光电门相连的光电计时器开始计时,通过光电门B时就停止计时,得到钢球从A运动到B所用的时间t,用刻度尺测出A、B间的高度h,保持钢球下落的位置不变,光电门B的位置不变,改变光电门A的位置,重复前面的实验,测出多组h、t的值.(1)根据测得的多组h、t的值,算出每组的ht,作出htt-图象,则图象应是图乙中的__________.A B C D乙(2)图线在纵轴上的截距表示______________,要求出重力加速度,必须求出图线的______________,若求出的图线的这个量用k表示,则当地的重力加速度为___________.14. (9分)随着力传感器的测量精度的提高,不用“扭秤”而进行实验研究点电荷间的相互作用力(库仑力)成为可能. 如图所示是某科技实验小组设计的研究库仑力的装置,在抽成真空的玻璃容器A内,M、N 为完全相同的金属小球(带电后可视为点电荷),用绝缘支柱固定带电小球M,用可调丝线悬挂原来不带电的小球N,调控小球N的位置,通过等距离的背景刻度线0、1、2、3、4可准确确定小球M、N间的距离,相邻刻度线间距离均为d,通过固定在容器顶部并与丝线上端相连的高灵敏度拉力传感器B可以显示丝线上的拉力,控制放电杆可以让带电小球完全放电. 实验小组完成了以下操作:①在球N不带电时读出传感器示数;②让球N与球M接触后,调整球N到位置1,读出并记录传感器示数F1;③继续调整球N分别到位置2、3、4,依次读出并记录传感器示数F2、F3、F4;④用放电杆使球N完全放电,再让球N与球M接触后,放回到位置1,读出并记录传感器示数F5;⑤重复④的操作,依次读出并记录传感器示数F6、F7.(1)对于上述操作,下列判断正确的是__________.A. 根据②的操作,可求出小球N在不同情况下所受的库仑力B. 根据①②③的操作,可研究库仑力跟点电荷距离间的关系C. 根据②④⑤的操作,可研究库仑力跟小球带电荷量间的关系D. 要测定静电力常量k ,还须准确测出小球M 的带电荷量(2)小球N 第一次与小球M 接触后调整球N 到位置1,此时小球M 、N 间的库仑力大小为___________. (3)实验中使用两个完全相同的金属小球,其作用是__________________________________.三、计算题(本题共4个小题,共35分,要求有必要的文字说明、受力分析图、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只有结果没有过程的不能得分,有数值计算的必须写出数值和单位)15. (8分)为提高冰球运动员的加速能力,教练员在冰面上与起跑线距离s 0和s 1()10s s <处分别设置一个挡板和一面小旗,如图所示. 训练时,让运动员和冰球都位于起跑线上,教练员将冰球以速度v 0击出,使冰球在冰面上沿垂直于起跑线的方向滑向挡板:冰球被击出的同时,运动员垂直于起跑线从静止出发滑向小旗. 训练要求当冰球到达挡板时,运动员至少到达小旗处. 假定运动员在滑行过程中做匀加速运动,冰球到达挡板时的速度为v 1,重力加速度为g. 求:(1)冰球与冰面之间的动摩擦因数; (2)满足训练要求的运动员的最小加速度.16. (8分)某次摩托车的特技表演可简化为如下模型,AB 是长度为x 的水平面,BC 是半径为2R 的四分之一圆弧,DEG 是半径为R 的四分之三圆弧,D 点在C 点正上方,G 点距右侧水平面高度为R. 质量为m 的摩托车(可视为质点)在大小恒定的牵引力F 作用下从A 点由静止出发,牵引力在ABC 段的大小恒为F ,摩托车经过C 点时关闭发动机,之后沿竖直方向从D 点进入上面的轨道做圆周运动,从G 点脱离上方轨道,进入右侧水平面,已知重力加速度为g ,假设在ABC 段摩托车所受阻力恒定,且为重力的k 倍,忽略其在DEG 及空气中所受的阻力.(1)为了摩托车能安全通过轨道,求力F 的最小值;(2)若摩托车离开C . 若不能通过,计算在C 点时应具有的最小速度,若能通过,求摩托车落在右侧水平面的位置距离C 点多远.17. (9分)我国的“天链一号”卫星是地球同步卫星,可为中低轨道卫星提供数据通讯,如图为“天链一号”卫星a 、赤道平面内的低轨道卫星b 、地球的位置关系示意图,O 为地心,地球相对卫星的张角分别为1θ和2θ(2θ图中未标出),卫星a 的轨道半径是b 的4倍,已知卫星a 、b 绕地球同向运行,卫星a 的周期为T ,在运行过程中由于地球的遮挡,卫星b 会进入卫星a 通讯的盲区,卫星间的通讯信号视为沿直线传播,信号传输时间可忽略. 求(1)卫星b 星的周期;(2)卫星b 每次在盲区运行的时间.18. (10分)某电视台娱乐节目在游乐园举行家庭搬运砖块比赛活动. 比赛规则是:如图甲所示向滑动的长木板上搬放砖块,且每次只能将一块砖无初速度(相对地面)地放到木板上,木板停止时立即停止搬放,以木板上砖块多少决定胜负. 已知每块砖的质量m=0. 8kg ,木板的上表面光滑且足够长,比赛过程中木板始终受到恒定的拉力F=20N 的作用,未放砖块时木板以v 0=3m/s 的速度匀速前进. 获得冠军的家庭上场比赛时每隔T=0. 8s 搬放一块砖,从放上第一块砖开始计时,图中仅画出了0~0. 8s 内木板运动的v —t 图象,如图乙所示,g 取10m/s 2. 求:(1)木板的质量及板与地面间的动摩擦因数; (2)木板停止时,木板上放有多少块砖.雅礼中学2019届高三上学期入学考试试卷物理参考答案―、选择题(本题包含12小题,每小题4分,共48分,其中1~8小题只有一个选项正确,9~12小题有多个选项正确,全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,错选或不选得0分,将选项填在答题卷上)二、实验题(共17分) 13. (1)D (2)钢球通过光电门B 时的速度斜率的绝对值2k14. (1)BD(2)01F F -(3)使小球N 与带电小球M 接触时将M 所带的电荷量平分三、计算题(本题共4个小题,共35分,要求有必要的文字说明、受力分析图、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只有结果没有过程的不能得分,有数值计算的必须写出数值和单位) 15. (8分)【解析】(1)设冰球与冰面间的动摩擦因数为μ, 则冰球在冰面上滑行的加速度1a g μ= ①由速度与位移的关系知 2210102a s v v -=- ②联立①②得 2201102v v a g gs μ-== ③(2)设冰球运动的时间为t ,则 01v v t g μ-= ④又 2112s at = ⑤由③④⑤得()2101202s v v a s += ⑥16. (8分)【解析】(1)当摩托车恰好能到达E 点时,此时力F 为最小值,在E 点有2E v mg m R=, 设在C 点的速度大小为v 0,从C 点到E 点根据动能定理可得:22011322E mg R mv mv -⋅=-,解得0v = 对ABC 段由动能定理可得2011()22242F kmg x R mg R mv π⎛⎫-+⨯⋅-⋅= ⎪⎝⎭, 代入解得112()mgR F kmg x R π=++. (2)因为0C v v >,所以摩托车可以安全通过上方圆弧轨道. 设摩托车过G 点速度大小为v G ,根据机械能守恒定律可得221122c G mv mgR mv =+, 过G 点后,摩托车做平抛运动,有212R gt =, 在水平方向有G x v t =,代入可得x=4R ,所以距离C 点3x x R R ∆=-=.17. (9分)【解析】(1)由开普勒行星运动第三定律:2222a b a br r T T =,解得8b T T = (2)如图,A 、B 是卫星盲区两个边缘位置,由几何知识可得12AOB θθ∠=+,则1222ba t AOB T T ππθθ⎛⎫-=∠=+ ⎪⎝⎭ 解得,b 每次在盲区运动的时间为1214t T θθπ+=. 18. (10分)【解析】(1)小车的上表面光滑,砖块相对地面始终保持静止状态,放上砖块后小车开始做匀减速运动,设小车与地面间的动摩擦因数为μ,未放砖块时Mg F μ=放上第一块砖后,对小车有 1()F m M g Ma μ-+=即 1mg Ma μ-=由v —t 图象可知,110(2.8 3.0)/0.2/v v v m s m s ∆=-=-=-放上第一块砖后小车的加速度为210.25/a m s =-解得0.25,8M kg μ==.(2)同理,放上第二块砖后,对小车有 22mg Ma μ-=代入数据解得220.5/a m s =-0. 8s 内速度改变量220.4/v a T m s ∆==-放上第三块砖后小车的加速度为22330.25/0.75/a m s m s =-⨯=-0. 8s 内速度改变量330.6/v a T m s ∆==-则放上第n 块砖后小车的加速度20.25/0.25/(1,2,3,)n a n m s n m s n =-⨯==0. 8s 内速度改变量0.2/(1,2,3,)n v n m s n ∆==所以123(123)0.2/n v v v v v n m s ∆=∆+∆+∆++∆=-++++⨯ 而03/3/v m s m s ∆=-=-, 联立解得n=5.即当小车停止时,车上有5块砖.。
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雅礼中学2019届高三第一次质量检测 地理试卷(命题范围:地球与地图、必修Ⅰ) 分值:100分 时量:90分钟一、单项选择题(25小题,每小题2分,共50分)读以下两幅经纬网图(图1),完成1—3题。
1.关于甲、乙、丙、丁四地方位的正确叙述是( )A.甲在乙的东南方向B.丙在乙的东北方向C.丁在甲的西北方向D.乙在丁的西南方向 2.若此时国际标准时间为3月21日8时整,则( ) A.甲地处于昼半球范围内B.乙地的区时为17时C.丙地与甲地分属于两个不同的日期D.丁地的地方时是11时20分3.若6月22日在丙地观测太阳并做记录,则下列记录中,正确的是( )A.太阳从东南方升起B.当太阳在正南方时,太阳高度角为23°26′C.正午时太阳在天顶位置D.当地0点时,太阳高度为3°26′下图2中,沿甲图E —F 、M —N 所作的地形剖面分别为乙图和丙图。
读图,回答4—7小题。
4.该地的地形是( ) A.山峰B.山脊C.山谷D.鞍部5.①地比②地( ) A.海拔高,坡度大 B.海拔高,坡度小 C.海拔低,坡度大D.海拔低,坡度小6.③地位于④地的( )A.东北方向B.东南方向C.西北方向D.西南方向7.在一次较大的降水过程中,降落在④地的雨水在坡面上的流向是( )图1图2A.东北向西南B.东南向西北C.西南向东北D.西北向东南右图(图3)中虚线是晨昏线,①点以西是东半球,①点与②、③两点之间在纬线上的距离是1110km 。
据此回答8—9题。
8.图中④点的经度是( ) A.140°E B.150°EC.160°ED.170°E9.若此时⑤地为10时,除日界线外,地球上另一日期的分界线是( )A.0°经线B.30°EC.180°D.40°E图4所示为以38°N 、0°为极点的陆地相对集中的“陆半球”(另一半球为“水半球”)。
读图回答10-11小题。
10.“水半球”的极点位于A .北半球、东半球B .北半球、西半球C .南半球、东半球D .南半球、西半球 11.当夜半球与“陆半球”重叠最多时A .非洲全部位于昼半球B .北京市正值下班高峰C .南极昆仑站处于极昼期D .湖南各地太阳高度达一年中最大值12.右图(图5)为北半球某海岸等高线地形图(单位:米; 等高距:50米),若从避风角度看,图中较适合 建渔港的是A .甲B .乙C .丙D .丁读某地区等高线地形图(图6),据此回答13~14题。
13.图中断崖的最大高差不超过 A.200米 B.239米 C.250米 D.300米14.河滩A 、B 之间的河段,河流的流向大致为 A.自西北向东南 B.自东南向西北 C.自东北向西南 D.自西南向东北图5图3 图4图6读等值线示意图(图7),回答15—17题。
15.若a 为500米,b 为1000米,地处浙江省内,则下列说法正确的是( ) A.气压:甲>乙 B.气温:甲<乙 C.降水:甲>乙 D.坡度:甲<乙 16.若a 为1000百帕,c 为990百帕,夏秋季地处华南某地区,则下列说法正确的是( ) A.乙吹偏北风,甲吹偏南风 B.风速:甲<乙C.该气流系统为反气旋D.该系统可能带来骤风暴雨17.若a 为2℃,b 为5℃,c 为8℃,该图为贵州某地某月等温线图,则下列说法正确的是( )A.为冬季某月等温线图B.乙为向阳山坡C.甲比乙高约100米D.甲地和乙地宜发展耕作业下图8为“我国南方某地区等高线地形示意图(单位:米)”。
读图回答18-19小题。
18.关于两图中河湖水补给关系的说法,正确的是A .甲河补给A 湖B .A 湖补给甲河C .B 湖补给乙河D .乙河属于外流河 19.如果两幅图中等高距相同,下列说法正确的是A .甲河比乙河流速快B .乙河比甲河流速快C .甲河、乙河流速相同D .无法确定读亚洲局部区域某时刻海平面等压线分布图9(单位:hPa),回答20—23小题. 20.N 处气压值可能为图7图8A .1005、1010B .1010、1015 C.1015、1020 D .1010、102021.下列四城市中,风速最大的是A .乌兰巴托B .北京C .合肥 D.东京22.郑州与合肥相比A .郑州气温高、气压低B .合肥气温低、气压高C .郑州有降水,气温低、气压高D .合肥有降水,气温高、气压低23.图中所示的时间可能是A . 1月B . 4月C . 7月D . 10月“神舟六号”飞船于2019年10月12日9:00成功发射,10月17日4:32成功返回。
经历115小时32分,行程325万千米,每90分钟绕地球一圈。
根据材料及下图(图10)回答24—25小题。
24.读图甲,当神舟六号飞船飞到P 处时,对应地面Q 点经度为120°E ,则神舟六号飞船前一次飞临P 处时,对应地面Q 点经度为( )A.97.5E °B.120°EC.142.5°ED.60°E 25.图乙为神舟六号飞船轨道在地球表面上的投影,则飞船连续两次在赤道上的投影间距约为( )A.2200千米B.2500千米C.2800千米D.3000千米图9 图10二、综合题(4小题,共50分)26.下图(图11)是我国东部某地等高线地形图,某校高中学生夏令营在图示区域进行了野外天文、地质、植被、聚落等综合考察活动。
读图回答下列问题。
(11分)(1)同学们沿图中的登山线路行进,观察到沿途植被垂直变化不大。
你认为主要原因是什么?(2)同学们把夜晚宿营地点选在图中A 处,从图中提供的信息简述理由。
(3)图示拟建一火情瞭望台,最佳位置应在___________处,若用现代化的手段动态监测山林火灾,最好采用__________________技术。
(4)若考察小组在D 处突遇泥石流,①②③④四条逃生线路中最佳的是____________。
突临的一场暴雨,使位于B 处的营员小明迷了路。
请你给他一个独自走出深山密林的最佳办法。
(5)简要分析图中E 城镇形成的有利区位条件。
27.右图(图12)是我国某地示意图,据此回答问题。
(14分)(1)该地地形类型为_____________,地势特征是___________________________。
(2分)(2)该地区气候类型为___________,该气候的基本特征是___________________。
(2分)(3)该地区计划建一小型水库,从图中条件分析,大坝建在________(用字母表示)处较合适。
水库建设中会带来的负面影响是_________________________________。
(3分)图11 图12(4)B 地发展农业的区位优势是__________________________________________。
(4分)(5)作AD 一线的剖面图。
(3分)28.读右侧等高线地形图(图13),分析回答(12分) (1)该区地形基本上以_ ___为界,可明显地分为_ ___和_ ___两类。
(3分)(2)图中铁路基本上为__ __走向,修建该铁路遇到的主要困难是__ __。
(2分) (3)A 城市气温约为25.3℃,只考虑高度变化, B 山的气温约为_ ____℃。
(2分)(4)图中东西两类地区的降水差别是__ ____,判断降水量不同的依据是 ____ __。
(3分)(5)图中居民区分布特点是__ __,(2分)29.读甲、乙、丙三国轮廓及相关事物分布图(图14),完成以下各题。
(13分)(1)甲国地形特点: ;(2分) 乙国人口分布特点: ;(2分) 丙国铁路分布特点: 。
(2分)3030丙国开罗50乙国里约热内卢甲国5212法兰克福图13图14(2)关于三国的叙述,正确的是(4分)Array A.甲国北部种植业发达B.甲国河流冬季封冻期长,河流航运价值不大C.乙国生物资源、铁矿资源、水资源丰富D.乙国属发展中国家,城市化水平较低E.丙国国土大部分被沙漠覆盖F.丙国石油资源丰富(3)右图15是三国人口资料图,a是国,b是国,c是国。
(3分)图152019届高三第一次检测地理答卷 一.单项选择题(填涂答题卡上) 二、综合题 (50分) 26.(11分)⑴(2分) 。
(2)(1分) 。
(3)(2分) , 。
(4)(3分) , 。
(5)(3分) 27.(14分)(1) , (2分)(2) , (2分)(3) ; 。
(3分)(4)(4分)(5)作图(3分)28. (12分)(1) _ __ _;(1分)_ ___ ;(1分)_ ___ 。
(1分)(2) __ __ ;(1分)_ __ 。
(2分)(3) _ ____℃。
(2分)(4) __ ____ ,(1分)____ __。
(2分)(5) __ __(2分)29.(13分)(1);(2分);(2分)。
(2分)(2)( )(4分)(3) 国,国,国。
(3分)参考答案评分细则及解析一、单项选择题1.D 根据经度判断东西关系,根据纬度判断南北关系即可快速得出结论;2.C根据国际标准时间为0°经线地方时,计算出丙地时间为3月21日12时,甲地时间为3月20日22时40分;3.D 6月22日在丙地观测太阳整天在地平圈上,当地子夜时太阳最低,高度为当地纬度与极圈之差;4.B根据两个剖面图可以绘制出等高线图,从而判断出该地为山脊5.B 从EF剖面图上可以看出①地比②地海拔高,坡度小6。
A 在甲图中根据“上北下南,左西右东”判断③地位于④地的东北方向7.D 根据水流由高处流向地处可以判断坡面水流方向为西北向东南8.A ①点所在经线经度为160°E,根据①点与②、③两点之间在纬线上的距离是1110km,且北纬60°纬线长度为赤道的一半,可以判断①点与②、③两点之间的经度差为20°;9.B⑤地为180°经线,则0时经线为30°E;10.D“陆半球”的极点为38ºN、0º,则“水半球”的极点为38ºS、180 º,根据西半球跨度160ºE向东→20ºW,南半球跨度0 º向南→90ºS,第10题选择D。
11.C当夜半球与“陆半球”重叠最多时,也就是直射点在23 º26’S,180ºE。
此时,非洲全部位于夜半球;北京时间为8点,正值上班高峰;南极极昼,昆仑站处于极昼期;湖南各地太阳高度达一年最小值;12.C丙处有港湾,且处于东北信风的背风坡;13.C 根据陡崖相对高度计算公式计算可知最大高度不超过250米;14.C 河流由A流向B处,根据经纬线判断河流流向;15.A 根据海拔高度与气压、气温呈负相关,以及坡度与等高线疏密程度的关系、浙江东南坡为夏季风迎风坡降水多,可以判断选项A正确;16.D根据气压分布情况可以判断为气旋,若在华南沿海夏秋季节可能为台风;17.A 根据等温线数值可以判断该地为盆地地形,为冬季气温分布;18.B 根据河流流向与等高线凸向相反可以湖泊与河流水的补给关系19.A 根据两幅图中等高距相同,坡度与比例尺呈正比关系,可以判断甲河落差大20.B 根据N等压线相邻等压线数值判断;21.B 根据等压线疏密程度判断风速大小;22.C 郑州处于冷锋锋后冷气团控制,有降水,气温低、气压高;23.A 根据气压值分布可以看出蒙古处于强冷高压控制,应为1月份;24.C 根据飞船每90分钟绕地球一圈,地球自转22.5°,则船前一次飞临P处时,对应地面Q点经度为142.5°E;25.B 飞船连续两次在赤道上的投影经度差为22.5°,则间距为22.5×111KM≈2500KM。