冠词数词介词专题整理

专题四：冠词

中考研究

冠词的考点常常分布在单选、完型中。中考对冠词的考查主要集中在以下四点：

1．冠词的基本用法

2．不用冠词的情况

3．习惯用语中冠词的使用和位置

4．冠词与其他词性的词构成的一些固定短语

一、不定冠词a/an的用法

1.在叙述时第一次提到的人或物

I want a pen pal in China.

2.泛指某人或某物，有表示数量“一个”的意思。

It’s an action movie.

3.用于表示时间，速度，价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

two kilometers an hour 一小时两千米five lessons a week 一周五节课

Most students exercise three or four times a week.每周三到四次

Everyone needs to have at least eight hours’ sleep a night.每晚至少八个小时

4.用在某些固定词组中

a bit a little a lot (of) a few in a word a pair of

have a cold in a hurry once upon a time make a face

after a while have a try a number of have a good time a great many

have/take a + 抽象名词have a swim have a walk have a look have a talk

二、定冠词the 的用法

1.表示双方都知道的人和事物

I think she could get the job.

Have you fed the dog and cleaned the room?

2.表示特指的或上文已经提到过的人或事物。

Do you know the girl in red?

3.表示世界上独一无二的事物。

The earth moves around the sun.

4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。

The best way to learn English is reading English magazines.

The first lesson is very easy.

5.用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人或夫妻俩。

The Greens are watching TV now.

6.用在有普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall the Summer Palace the Science Museum the United Nations联合国

the United Kingdom大不列颠联合王国the United States美国the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。

the rich/poor the sick/blind the old/young

8.自然界中的一些地理名称前要加the

the Yellow River黄河the West Lake西湖the Great Lakes五大湖the Pacific太平洋the Atlantic大西洋9.与乐器连用，要加the。

Tom can play the piano well.

10用在一些固定搭配中,要加the。

in the morning/afternoon/evening in the end on the right at the same time

the next morning at the back of in the front of all the year round

in the east/west/north/south look the same the next the last

三、不用冠词(零冠词)的情况

四、

1.某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名(只有一个词)、物质名词、抽象名词等表示泛指时前面不用冠词。

Mike is English, but he likes Beijing Opera.

I really like his movie Rush Hour.

China中国France法国Russia俄罗斯Brazil巴西

2.名词前已有指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时不用冠词。

Do you want to know about my morning?

Every student likes English in our class.

3.在节日、星期、日期、月份、季节等前面不用冠词。

It’s Tuesday, November 11.

June 1st is Children’s Day.但如果节日中有festival，通常须加上冠词。the Spring Festival春节

Spring comes after winter. 但是in the fall特殊

last+表示时间的名词不加冠词。last Wednesday last century

4.在称呼或表示头衔的名词前不用冠词。

This is Professor Li. Uncle Joe

5.在三餐、球类运动，语言及学科名词前面不用冠词。

Let’s play ping-pong.

I went to school without breakfast this morning.

Do you like Math?

Are you studying German? 但在表示语言的短语中有language时，须用冠词。He is learning the French language.

6.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词。

by car by train go to school by boat

但是take a bus, in a boat, on the bike, in the car中需用冠词。

7.在某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词

day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV in danger

at school/work/home in bed in time at noon/night/midnight/dawn on duty/watch

8.量词之后的名词通常也不加冠词。

a bar of chocolate一块巧克力 a pair of shoes一双鞋

9.固定短语。

in charge of负责for example例如in trouble陷入困境in fact实际上

in danger处于危险中catch fire着火set fire to放火烧by hand手工的by machine用机器

五、特别提醒：

1．不定冠词a/an的区别

a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一个单词是元音开头还是辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据首字母。如：

an honest boy，a useful book There is an “f” in the word “five”.

在“five”中有字母“f”。

我们可以这样来记忆：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。

(1)在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x，其他用a。

(2)以u开头的单词，要注意区别。如：

an umbrella，an unusual story，an unhappy boy，a university，a useful book