寄生虫病的综合防治.ppt

control programmes normally include both management and antiparasitic drugs.
Control of nematodes
Nematodes are the most common helminths in poultry.
Programmes for use of anticoccidial drugs in broilers:
Several approaches are used:
1) Continous feeding: a single drug is used from time of hatching to a week before slaughter.
General principles of control
purpose -- to keep the parasitic challenge (especially in young birds) at a minimum rate to avoid clinical symptoms and production losses.
Control through anthelmintic treatment is also possible but it should be emphasized that without control of the intermediate hosts, treatment is of little value.
A broad spectrum drug is then used to treat the clinical disease.
Control of ectoparasites
Ticks control of ticks requires treatment of the environment
these infections may be controlled simply by avoiding contact between poultry and freshwater reservoirs (even small ponds and temporary pools).
Anthelmintic drugs for prevention or control of trematodes in poultry are not available.
Prophylactic measures such as cleaning and disinfection of the house are advisable.
Animals should not be introduced into an existing flock without examination first.
3) Rotation programmes: A continuous change of drugs may improve productivity because of the buildup of resistant strains in the environment.
Programmes for use of anticoccidial drugs in breeders and layers:
2) Shuttle programmes: One drug is used in the starter feed for the first 2 - 3 weeks and another in the grower feed. This approach is thought to reduce development of resistant coccidia strains.
Necessary -- to have a detailed knowledge about the parasitic infections in the population(s), i.e. helminth species present, haemoparasites and ectoparasites prevalence rates and transmission patterns.
Control of haemoparasites
Haemonparasites are transmitted by mosquitoes, flies, biting midges etc.
Control of the arthropods is thus of crucial importance.
(indoor and outdoor) mechanical cleaning of the stable the entire building or outdoor facilities may be
treated using approved insecticides Mites fowl mite may be controlled by using acaricides.
Animals that will be kept on floor or freerange should have an immunity to coccidiosis.
Naturally immunity is usually achieved by controlled exposure using a commercial product or by natural exposure assuming that the most common species are present in the environment.
施计划性驱虫。 成熟前驱虫：如莫尼茨绦虫 （2） 长期给药：针对球虫病
（二）驱虫要求与注意事项
1．选准驱虫时机：根据发育时间、感染季节动态 2．确定驱虫对象：一是根据流行病学资料；二是根据
体质状况；三是针对多宿主寄生虫，所有带虫动物均 应同时驱虫 3．驱虫药的选择与使用 选择：安全、高效、广谱、使用方便、价格低廉、药 源丰富 使用：治疗性：逐头给药；预防性：混料或饮水 4．驱虫动物的管理：驱虫后5天内应集中管理 5．驱虫效果抽查：经过一月左右应抽查
Control of trematodes
Flukes which infect poultry may include freshwater
snails or dragonflies in their life cycles (Echinostoma revolutum, Prosthogonimus spp.
Control of cestodes
Poultry kept in free-range systems are often infected with tapeworms.
Prevention of contact with the intermediate host is therefore one of the first steps in controlling tapeworm infections.
Screening of the poultry houses may avoid transmission of the haemoparasites.
Also insecticides may be used to minimize the vectors.
第五章
寄生虫病的综合防治
第一节 防治原则
一、控制传染源
驱虫、环境卫生
二、切断传播途径
环境卫生、饲养卫生、消灭中间宿主和传播媒介
三、保护易感动物
化学治疗、免疫接种
第二节 基本措施
一、 驱虫 （一）类型 1． 治疗性驱虫 2． 预防性驱虫 （1）定期预防：根据生活史、流行规律，实
Some may have a direct life cycle and others have an indirect life cycle.
Apart from the beneficial results of improving management, control of nematodes may also be achieved by using anthelmintic drugs.
2． 随饲料添加：饲料块 3． 控制释放装置
CHAPTER FIVE
CONTROL OF PARASITIC DISEASES
GENERAL CONTROL MEASURES
Schistosomiasis Control
CONTROL OF PARASITIC
DISEASቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱS IN POULTRY
二、卫生措施
（一） 环境卫生 1． 粪便管理 2． 消灭中间宿主或传播媒介 3． 安全放牧 （二） 饲养卫生 1． 保持饲料及饮水卫生 2． 禁止以生鱼虾、蝌蚪及贝类饲喂动物 3． 勿用牛羊屠宰废弃物喂犬 4． 注意个人卫生
第三节 特殊措施
一、免疫预防 人工接种疫苗 （一） 强毒虫苗: 如鸡球虫苗 （二） 弱毒虫苗 1．筛选天然弱毒株：鸡球虫早熟苗 2．人工传代致弱：梨形虫虫苗 3．辐照致弱：牛羊网尾线虫虫苗 （三）亚单位苗：牛巴贝斯虫—双芽巴贝斯虫
外抗原疫苗 （四）分子疫苗：绵羊带绦虫、微小牛蜱
二、生物控制
采用天然拮抗物（天敌）来控制寄生虫种群， 使之处于无害水平；或设计生态方法将寄生虫 种群降低到不发病程度。
（一） 家畜寄生虫的天敌 1． 细菌：苏云金杆菌；阿维链霉菌 2． 真菌：捕食性真菌；内寄生性真菌 （二） 真菌制剂的使用方法 1． 直接应用：用于垫草
Control of coccidia